DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effects of Gentrification and Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development in the Bo-Kaap, Cape Town

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effects of Gentrification and Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development in the Bo-Kaap, Cape Town THE EFFECTS OF GENTRIFICATION AND SUSTAINABLE CULTURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BO-KAAP, CAPE TOWN by MISHKAH BASSADIEN Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technologiae: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Professor JP Spencer Cape Town Campus JANUARY 2017 CPUT copyright information The dissertation may not be published either in part (in scholarly, scientific or technical journals), or as a whole (as a monograph), unless permission has been obtained from the University. DECLARATION I, Mishkah Bassadien, student number 207154511, declare that the content of this research represents my own unaided work, and that the dissertation has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. ………………………………………… …………………………………….. MISHKAH BASSADIEN DATE ii ABSTRACT The study site is the Bo-Kaap area in Cape Town. Negative and positive changes within interrelated physical, social and economic spheres have resulted from gentrification, an urban development phenomenon. These changes need to be managed responsibly. This study problem sought to establish whether the traditional inhabitants of the Bo-Kaap are being replaced by a ‘new generation’ of inhabitants because of gentrification, and how negative and positive changes in the Bo-Kaap could be minimised and maximised respectively, through gentrification, by adopting a sustainable cultural tourism approach. A historical background of the Bo-Kaap reveals the history, culture and religion of this area, and highlights the special customs and traditions within the Bo-Kaap as potential areas of sustainable cultural tourism development to mitigate gentrification. A comprehensive literature review on gentrification and tourism as separate and interrelated development processes is presented. The literature review investigates gentrification and its effects as a phenomenon; the relative forms of gentrification across an international, national and local setting, refined to the Bo-Kaap; tourism and the nature of the industry and its development; and finally, tourism gentrification as an interconnected system. A mixed methods approach was employed, using the triangulation method of combining quantitative and qualitative methodology. Thus a blended technique was employed combining quantitative and qualitative questions within the framework of the questionnaire. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions comprised questions of a qualitative nature. The target population was the residents of the Bo-Kaap area in Cape Town. A combined quantitative analysis of 262 self-administered and assisted questionnaires, and 15 transcribed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conclude with a comparative analysis of both tabulated statistical findings and thematic presentations of results on the potential effects of gentrification. The study is concluded by recommendations for sustainable cultural tourism development to impede the negative processes of mass tourism and gentrification. Key words: Gentrification, cultural effects, economic effects, physical effects, sustainable tourism. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to CPUT for the bursary, which has provided me with the financial assistance needed for the completion of a dissertation of this magnitude. I would like to thank Dr Mark Boekstein for his guidance and assistance during the course of the data collection and analysis process. I would like to convey a heartfelt thanks to my parents, friends and family for always keeping me in their prayers. I could not have achieved this without your kind support. Thank you also to the wonderful friends I have in the Bo-Kaap, for giving me kind words of inspiration. May the Almighty grant us the guidance to protect and conserve this colourful vibrant community for our future offspring to cherish for years to come. I would also like to express my appreciation to the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Tourism and Economic Development, and the Strategic Development Information and GIS Department of the City of Cape Town for providing me with the relevant information and official documentation for this dissertation. A huge thank you to all the respondents and participants who graciously gave of their time and provided invaluable input in the research, with a special thanks to all the organisations such as the Bo-Kaap Civic Association and the Bo-Kaap Cultural Heritage Gateway, as well as all the businesses that contributed valuable insight for the long-term benefit of the community. Special mention needs to be made of Mr Erefaan Ramajam for his continuous assistance throughout the research process. I would like to thank my husband Saleem, for being patient with me and supportive throughout this project. Thank you for your constant encouragement and assistance in making this journey an easier one. Finally, a sincere and heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor John Spencer who has tirelessly supported me throughout this project. Without him, this project would have never been a success. iv DEDICATION This research is dedicated to the community of the Bo-Kaap. May you revive the guiding light and inspiration that once enriched the fabric of its people, and remain a vigilant and ever- prospering beacon for communities faced with similar challenges across South Africa and the rest of the world. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... IV DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. V GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. XII CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ........................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the study area ........................................................................................... 3 1.3 Problem statement ........................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Research objectives ....................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 Demographic objective ................................................................................................ 10 1.4.2 Cultural objectives ....................................................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Economic objectives ................................................................................................... 10 1.4.4 Physical objective ........................................................................................................ 10 1.4.5 Tourism objectives ...................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Key questions................................................................................................................. 10 1.6 Motivation for the research ............................................................................................. 11 1.7 Significance of the study ................................................................................................ 11 1.8 Research design ............................................................................................................ 12 1.9 Ethical considerations .................................................................................................... 12 1.10 Structure of the study ................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 14 LITERATURE REVIEW: GENTRIFICATION AND TOURISM DEFINED................................... 14 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Defining gentrification ..................................................................................................... 14 2.3 The effects of gentrification ............................................................................................ 16 2.3.1 Physical effects of gentrification .................................................................................. 17 2.3.2 Economic effects of gentrification ................................................................................ 20 2.3.3 Cultural effects of gentrification ................................................................................... 23 2.3.4 Youth effects of gentrification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drinks Menu by the Glass White
    DRINKS MENU BY THE GLASS WHITE BUBBLES .................................................. L’ ORMARINS BRUT .............................. Paarl .......................... 95 SAUVIGNON BLANC ............................. ANURA .................................................... Robertson .............. 49 CHENIN BLANC ..................................... FAIRVIEW ................................................ Paarl .......................... 60 CHARDONNAY ....................................... ANURA .................................................... Robertson ................ 49 WHITE BLEND ........................................ HARTENBERG ........................................ Bottelry Hills ............ 49 ROSE ........................................................ DIEMERSFONTEIN ................................ Wellington ................ 50 ROSE (SWEET) ........................................ WELTEVREDE ......................................... Bonnivale .................. 50 RED MERLOT ................................................... ANURA .................................................... Robertson ..................55 SHIRAZ ..................................................... HARTENBERG ....................................... Bottelry Hills ............ 60 CABERNET SAUVIGNON ...................... WARWICK 1ST LADY ............................ StellenboscH ............ 70 RED BLEND ............................................. JOURNEY’S END ................................... Stellenbosch ........... 65 BUBBLES
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Analysis of Harare, Khayelitsha, and the Republic of South Africa
    Ethnographic Analysis of Harare, Khayelitsha, and the Republic of South Africa University of Denver 2016 2 Table of Contents History ...................................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 2. Methods ................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Results .................................................................................................................................... 5 a. Changes in Khayelitsha ............................................................................................ 5 b. Changes in Siyakhathala Orphan Support ................................................................ 6 c. Community Leaders and Decision Making .............................................................. 6 d. History of South Africa ............................................................................................ 7 Demographics .......................................................................................................................8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8 2. Method ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-Provincial Gaze
    PROVINCE OF THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINSIE WES-KAAP IPHONDO LENTSHONA KOLONI Provincial Gazette Buitengewone Tsongezelelo Extraordinary Provinsiale Koerant kwiGazethi yePhondo 7876 7876 7876 Friday, 2 February 2018 Vrydag, 2 Februarie 2018 uLwesihlanu, 2 kweyoMdumba 2018 Registered at the Post Offıce as a Newspaper As ’n Nuusblad by die Poskantoor Geregistreer Ibhaliswe ePosini njengePhephandaba CONTENTS INHOUD IZIQULATHO (*Reprints are obtainable at Room M21, Provin- (*Afskrifte is verkrygbaar by Kamer M21, (*Ushicilelo oLutsha lufumaneka kwigumbi cial Legislature Building, 7 Wale Street, Cape Provinsiale Wetgewer-gebou, Waalstraat 7, M21, kwiSakhiwo sePhondo seNdlu yoWiso- Town 8001.) Kaapstad 8001.) Mthetho, 7 Wale Street, eKapa 8001.) Provincial Notice Provinsiale Kennisgewing ISaziso sePhondo The following Provincial Notice is published Die volgende Provinsiale Kennisgewing word Ezi zaziso zilandelayo zipapashelwe ukunika for general information: vir algemene inligting gepubliseer: ulwazi ngokubanzi: 18 Notice of applications for liquor 18 Kennisgwing van aansoeke om drank- 18 ISaziso sokufakwa kwesicelo sephe- licences in terms of Section 37(1) of the lisensies ingevolge Artikel 37(1) van pha mvume ngokweCandelo 37(1) Western Cape Liquor Act, 2008— die Wes-Kaapse Drankwet, 2008— LoMthetho woTywala weNtshona Koloni [Reg. 10(1)] .............................................. 2 [Reg. 10(1)] .............................................. 2 ka-2008—[UMgaqo. 10(1)] ..................... 2 2 Province of the Western Cape: Provincial Gazette Extraordinary 7876 2 February 2018 PROVINCIAL NOTICE PROVINSIALE KENNISGEWING ISAZISO SEPHONDO The following Provincial Notice is Die volgende Provinsiale Kennisgewing Esi saziso silandelayo sipapashelwe published for general information. word vir algemene inligting gepubliseer. ukunika ulwazi ngokubanzi. ADV. B. GERBER, ADV. B. GERBER, ADV. B. GERBER, DIRECTOR-GENERAL DIREKTEUR-GENERAAL UMLAWULI-JIKELELE Provincial Legislature Building, Provinsiale Wetgewer-gebou, ISakhiwo sePhondo, Wale Street, Waalstraat, Wale Street, Cape Town.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Community and Buildings in Conservation Energy
    International Energy Agency Technical Synthesis Report Annexes 22 & 33 Energy Efficient Communities & Advanced Local Energy Planning (ALEP) Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Community and Buildings in Conservation Energy Technical Synthesis Report Annexes 22 & 33 Energy Efficient Communities & Advanced Local Energy Planning (ALEP) Edited by Richard Barton Annex 22 information based on the final reports of the project. Contributing authors: R.Jank, J.Johnsson, S Rath-Nagel Annex 33 information based on the final reports of the project. Contributing authors: R Jank, Th Steidle, B Ryden, H Skoldberg, S Rath-Nagel, V Cuomo, M Macchiato, D Scaramuccia, Th Kilthau, W Grevers, M Salvia, Ch Schlenzig, C Cosmi Published by Faber Maunsell Ltd on behalf of the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme © Copyright FaberMaunsell Ltd 2005 All property rights, including copyright, are vested in the ECBCS ExCo Support Services Unit - ESSU (FaberMaunsell Ltd) on behalf of the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme. In particular, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of FaberMaunsell Ltd. Published by FaberMaunsell Ltd, Marlborough House, Upper Marlborough Rd, St Albans, Hertford- shire, AL1 3UT, United Kingdom Disclaimer Notice: This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither FaberMaunsell Ltd nor the ECBCS Contracting Parties (of the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for a Programme of Research and Development on Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems) make any representation as to the adequacy or accuracy of the information contained herein, or as to its suitability for any particular application, and accept no responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Effects of Political Reservations Thinking About Measurement and Outcomes
    J-PAL Executive Education Course in Evaluating Social Programmes Course Material University of Cape Town 23 – 27 January 2012 J-PAL Executive Education Course in Evaluating Social Programmes Table of Contents Programme ................................................................................................................................ 3 Maps and Directions .................................................................................................................. 5 Course Objectives....................................................................................................................... 7 J-PAL Lecturers ......................................................................................................................... 9 List of Participants .................................................................................................................... 11 Group Assignment .................................................................................................................. 12 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................. 13 Case Study 2: Learn to Read Evaluations ............................................................................... 18 Case Study 3: Extra Teacher Program .................................................................................... 27 Case Study 4: Deworming in Kenya ....................................................................................... 31 Exercises
    [Show full text]
  • In the High Court of South Africa (Western Cape Division, Cape Town)
    IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (WESTERN CAPE DIVISION, CAPE TOWN) CASE NO: In the matter between: SOUTHERN AFRICA LITIGATION CENTRE Applicant and THE MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS First Respondent THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOME AFFAIRS Second Respondent AUGUSTINUS PETRUS MARIA KOUWENHOVEN Third Respondent ___________________________________________________________________ NOTICE OF MOTION ___________________________________________________________________ BE PLEASED TO TAKE NOTICE that, on a date to be arranged with the Registrar of this Honourable Court, the Applicant intends to make application to this Court for an order in the following terms: 1. Reviewing and setting aside the decision of the Second Respondent taken on or about 30 August 2017 to issue to the Third Respondent a visa in terms of section 11(6) of the Immigration Act, No. 13 of 2002 (“the Immigration Act”). Lawyers for Human Rights (021) 424-8561 2 2. Declaring the impugned decision to be unlawful, inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (“the Constitution”), and invalid. 3. Reviewing and setting aside the failure of the Second Respondent to declare the Third Respondent undesirable in terms of section 30(1)(f) and section 30(1)(g) of the Immigration Act. 4. Substituting the failure of the Second Respondent to declare the Third Respondent undesirable in terms of section 30(1)(f) and section 30(1)(g) of the Immigration Act with the following decisions: 4.1 the Third Respondent is declared to be an undesirable person; and 4.2 the Third Respondent does not qualify for a port of entry visa, visa, admission into the Republic or a permanent residence permit.
    [Show full text]
  • Gustavus Symphony Orchestra Performance Tour to South Africa
    Gustavus Symphony Orchestra Performance Tour to South Africa January 21 - February 2, 2012 Day 1 Saturday, January 21 3:10pm Depart from Minneapolis via Delta Air Lines flight 258 service to Cape Town via Amsterdam Day 2 Sunday, January 22 Cape Town 10:30pm Arrive in Cape Town. Meet your MCI Tour Manager who will assist the group to awaiting chartered motorcoach for a transfer to Protea Sea Point Hotel Day 3 Monday, January 23 Cape Town Breakfast at the hotel Morning sightseeing tour of Cape Town, including a drive through the historic Malay Quarter, and a visit to the South African Museum with its world famous Bushman exhibits. Just a few blocks away we visit the District Six Museum. In 1966, it was declared a white area under the Group areas Act of 1950, and by 1982, the life of the community was over. 60,000 were forcibly removed to barren outlying areas aptly known as Cape Flats, and their houses in District Six were flattened by bulldozers. In District Six, there is the opportunity to visit a Visit a homeless shelter for boys ages 6-16 We end the morning with a visit to the Cape Town Stadium built for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Enjoy an afternoon cable car ride up Table Mountain, home to 1470 different species of plants. The Cape Floral Region, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the richest areas for plants in the world. Lunch, on own Continue to visit Monkeybiz on Rose Street in the Bo-Kaap. The majority of Monkeybiz artists have known poverty, neglect and deprivation for most of their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunsquare City Bowl Fact Sheet 8.Indd
    Opens September 2017 Lobby Group and conference fact sheet Standard room A city hotel for the new generation With so much to do and see in Cape Town, you need to stay somewhere central. Situated on the corner of Buitengracht and Strand Street, the bustling location of SunSquare Cape Town City Bowl inspires visitors to explore the hip surroundings and get to know the city. The bedrooms The hotel’s 202 rooms are divided into spacious standard rooms with queen The Deck Bar size beds, twin rooms each with 2 double beds, 5 executive rooms, 2 suites and 2 wheelchair accessible rooms. Local attractions Hotel services Long Street - 200 m • Rooftop pool with panoramic views of the V&A Waterfront and Signal Hill CTICC - 1 km • Fitness centre on the top fl oor with views of Table Mountain Artscape Theatre - 1 km • 500 MB free high-speed WiFi per room, per day V&A Waterfront - 2 km • Rewards cardholders get 2GB free WiFi per room, per day Cape Town Stadium - 2 km Two Oceans Aquarium - 2 km Table Mountain Cable Way - 5 km Other facilities • Vigour & Verve restaurant • Transfer services • Rooftop Deck Bar and Lounge • Shuttle service (on request) Contact us • Secure basement parking • Car rental 23 Buitengracht Street, • Airport handling service • Dry cleaning Cape Town City Centre, 8000 Telephone: +27 21 492 0404 Meeting spaces Email: capetown.reservations@ 5 conference rooms in total catering for up to 140 delegates. The venues can be tsogosun.com confi gured to host a range of occasions like intimate boardroom meetings, cocktail GPS Coordinates: -33.919122 S / 18.419020 E functions, workshops, seminars, training sessions, conferences as well as product launches.
    [Show full text]
  • Living History – the Story of Adderley Street's Flower
    LIVING HISTORY – THE STORY OF ADDERLEY STREET’S FLOWER SELLERS Lizette Rabe Department of Journalism, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602 Lewende geskiedenis – die verhaal van Adderleystraat se blommeverkopers Kaapstad is waarskynlik sinoniem met Tafelberg. Maar een van die letterlik kleurryke tonele aan die voet van dié berg is waarskynlik eweneens sinoniem met die stad: Adderleystraat se “beroemde” blommeverkopers. Tog word hulle al minder, hoewel hulle deel van Kaapstad se lewende geskiedenis is en letterlik tot die Moederstad se kleurryke lewe bygedra het en ’n toerismebaken is. Waar kom hulle vandaan, en belangrik, wat is hulle toekoms? Dié beskrywende artikel binne die paradigma van mikrogeskiedenis is sover bekend ’n eerste sosiaal-wetenskaplike verkenning van die geskiedenis van dié unieke groep Kapenaars, die oorsprong van die blommemark en sy kleurryke blommenalatenskap. Sleutelwoorde: Adderleystraat; blommemark; blommeverkopers; Kaapstad; kultuurgeskiedenis; snyblomme; toerisme; veldblomme. Cape Town is probably synonymous with Table Mountain. But one of the colourful scenes at the foot of the mountain may also be described as synonymous with the city: Adderley Street’s “famous” fl ower market. Yet, although the fl ower sellers are part of Cape Town’s living history, a beacon for tourists, and literally contributes to the Mother City’s vibrant and colourful life, they represent a dying breed. Where do they come from, and more importantly, what is their future? This descriptive article within the paradigm of microhistory is, thus far known, a fi rst social scientifi c exploration of the history of this unique group of Capetonians, the origins of the fl ower market, and its fl ower legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • CT Yoga Retreat April 2017
    ARRIVAL DAY CHECK IN 14H00 (CHECK OUT 10H00) Guests make their own way from the airport to Monkey Valley Resort in Noordhoek where we will be staying for the duration of the trip. Nestled at the foot of the famous Chapman’s Peak Drive, deep in the 400 year old Milkwood forest and Nature Reserve, our hotel has unparalleled views of the 8km long Noordhoek Beach. The hotel is built on an environmentally sustainable ethos to preserve the natural beauty of the area. Although only a mere 30 minutes from Cape Town city centre we will feel like we are in another world! The rooms are warm and rustic, each uniquely designed with a private fireplace and deck and overlooks either the sea or forest. Each room is en-suite and equipped with a television, fridge, tea/coffee station and WI-FI. After settling in to your room you will be able to relax and catch up from your travels. This will be a perfect time to relax by the pool, talk a walk on the beach and rest up before our group meet for our WELCOME DINNER. Page | 1 7.00pm ARRIVAL DINNER – THORFYNN’S RESTAURANT Guests account. Start with sunset cocktails, out on the deck or in the quaint treetop pub! The restaurant offers elegant but natural cuisine using the freshest local free range produce, a great selection of vegetarian dishes, their famous wood baked pizzas, sushi, succulent seafood dishes and platters and a highly reputable wine list. We will have the opportunity to get to know each other and talk about the upcoming 8 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Settlement Upgrading in Cape Town’S Hangberg: Local Government, Urban Governance and the ‘Right to the City’
    Informal Settlement Upgrading in Cape Town’s Hangberg: Local Government, Urban Governance and the ‘Right to the City’ by Walter Vincent Patrick Fieuw Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Sustainable Development Planning and Management in the Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Firoz Khan December 2011 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Signature Walter Fieuw Name in full 22/11/2011 Date Copyright © 2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Integrating the poor into the fibre of the city is an important theme in housing and urban policies in post‐apartheid South Africa. In other words, the need for making place for the ‘black’ majority in urban spaces previously reserved for ‘whites’ is premised on notions of equity and social change in a democratic political dispensation. However, these potentially transformative thrusts have been eclipsed by more conservative, neoliberal developmental trajectories. Failure to transform apartheid spatialities has worsened income distribution, intensified suburban sprawl, and increased the daily livelihood costs of the poor. After a decade of unintended consequences, new policy directives on informal settlements were initiated through Breaking New Ground (DoH 2004b).
    [Show full text]
  • Two Rivers Urban Park Contextual Framework Review and Preliminary Heritage Study
    1 TWO RIVERS URBAN PARK CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY HERITAGE STUDY Phase One Report Submitted by Melanie Attwell and Associates in association with ARCON Heritage and Design, and ACO Associates on behalf of NM & Associates Planners and Designers [email protected] 2 Caxton Close Oakridge 7806 021 7150330 First submitted: November 2015 Resubmitted: May 2016 2 Table of Contents List of Figures....................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Report Structure ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Brief and Scope of Work ......................................................................................................... 7 2. Limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Location .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]