The Nature of Communication Between the Maquassi Hills Fire Services and the Community
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
BUILDING A CULTURE OF SAFETY: THE NATURE OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE MAQUASSI HILLS FIRE SERVICES AND THE COMMUNITY Kristel Fourie 13040375 Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Magister in Development and Management in Disaster Risk Studies at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof. D. van Niekerk Co-supervisor: Prof. L.M. Fourie 2011 Acknowledgements Most of the works of master students I read in preparation for the writing of mine, this part was more often than not my favourite. This part of the study provides the writer the one opportunity to engage everyone that are so often a part of this very long and difficult process but do not spend one minute writing any word of this document. Their presence, support, insights, interest and in the case of respondents, participation in the research are however crucially important to make it possible to write this document. I am filled with so much gratitude toward those mentioned here that only acknowledging that they were part of the process I feel does not do these persons justice. Franklin. D. Roosevelt said: “When you come to the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.” I would like you to know that you were the knots that I hanged on to in times I thought of giving up. Your words of support and encouragement pushed me when I was tired, to get up and try again. I would therefore like to dedicate this work to you, you all had a part in this and I am grateful. Thank you. Firstly I would like to thank God for allowing me this learning opportunity, taking each step with me, learning me valuable lessons about myself and placing me in an environment that allows me to do what I love each day. Then I would like to thank my parents. You guys were my biggest cheerleaders throughout and both of you in your own way have contributed to the person that I am today, thank you. Thank you for enabling me to do this and allowing me the time and space to finish this journey. Dad, thank you for your interest in my studies and always trying to understand what I am busy with. Mom, thank you for comforting me in hard times and urging me to press on. I am truly blessed in having such loving and supporting parents. Then I would like to thank my truly great and professional study leaders. Thank you for all your time effort and patience throughout the process. Professor Dewald Van Niekerk, thank you for your guidance and insights and allowing me the freedom of exploring what I was interested in and guiding and assisting me to do what I needed to do. I have learned so much from you and admire the person you are. Professor Lynnette Fourie, thank you for seeing my love for the field 2 of development communication and nurturing this even before I considered doing my masters. Thank you for giving me various opportunities to explore this interest. I would like to give a special thanks to the community members in Maquassi Hills that participated in the research. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to listen to your opinions and for taking the time to allowing me some insight into the lives of the people in Maquassi Hills. Without your participation this study would never have happened. May you never give up hoping, believing and wanting to change the world around you for the better. My dear friend Toto, thank you for your contribution not only to this study as a translator and researcher but to my live as well. Thank you for all the insightful conversations we have and for the motivation at times when I was struggling. You are a researcher at heart and an inspiration and I am excited to see what you will still accomplish in your time. To all my friends far and near I would like to thank you for all of your support and interest, always asking how things are going. A special thank you to Hannelie, I have learned so much from you and appreciate you giving a supportive ear midst your own busy schedule. Also I would like to thank Marina for believing at times that I didn’t - Wie is die Meester??!!! - . Elmari, thank you for our conversations and for all of the prayers and thoughts. To Christo, for all of your support and insights, thank you, our discussions meant allot to me throughout. To the staff of the ACDS thank you for your support and interest. To Mrs. Goldstein for the editing of my work and Yolanda for the help with the transcribing of the focus groups thank you so much. Lastly thank you to the University of the Free State for making this study financially possible. “You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing which you think you cannot do.” – Eleanor Roosevelt 3 Summary Citizens in many provinces in South Africa have increasingly become more vocal about their unhappiness concerning service delivery in many departments of Government; their needs are not being met. Their violence and anger are usually aimed at emergency planners and government institutions, such as the police services, emergency medical services and fire services, therefore adding to various other challenges and difficulties these institution experience in carrying out their responsibilities (News Today, 2008). These institutions are also directly involved in the Disaster Risk Reduction process and play a key role in building a culture of safety and prevention within their communities by distributing knowledge and teaching skills (Twigg, 2004). Twigg (2004) argues that providing communities with information is the only way in which the scale, frequency, and complexity of disasters can be addressed. This should be done by following a multi-disciplinary approach that includes participatory development communication as a tool. The term participatory development communication refers to communication between parties where information transfer is de-emphasised and the process of dialogue between participants is favoured (Jacobson & Kolluri, 1999). This allows for solutions to problems to be identified in a collective fashion (Twigg, 2004; Jacobson & Kolluri, 1999). In light of the above the Maquassi Hills Fire Service’s relationship with the community has a major impact on the contribution the fire services make to building a culture of safety and also to what extent the community works towards building a culture of safety -- and thereby reducing disaster risk within the community. This study, consequently, aims to investigate the current relationship between the Maquassi Hills Fire Services and the community they serve, as well as the role of participatory development communication in this relationship. In order to do so this study explore various guidelines and principles set out by the literature in terms of participatory development communication and culture of safety to establish to what extent the Maquassi Hills Fire Services adhere to these principles and guidelines in their day-to-day functioning. This has been done by using a qualitative research design. Data collection methods appropriate to the qualitative research design were used to collect the necessary data. These methods included focus group discussions with members of the communities in the Maquassi Hills area and semi-structured interviews with the staff and management of the Maquassi Hills Fire Services. Guidelines and principles established in theory were used to describe and evaluate the current situation between the Maquassi Hills Fire Services and the surrounding communities to 4 whom they provide the service of fire fighting. The two main areas of theory addressed were that of Participatory Development Communication and that of a culture of safety as it presents in the Disaster Risk Reduction field. These were also the two main areas investigated in the empirical phase of the study. From the research it was found that in terms of Participatory Development Communication very little is being done by the fire services to establish dialogical communication. Thus creating opportunities for communities to communicate with the fire services by developing relevant communication channels is not being facilitated. However communities are eager to establish such an interactive relationship with the fire services. The data indicated that when the principles and guidelines for building a culture of safety are considered there exist various positive aspects. If these aspects are utilised and facilitated in the correct manner it may facilitate the process of building a culture of safety. It is therefore recommended that the fire services should start interacting with the communities in the Maquassi Hills area. Most of the issues experienced in the relationship between the fire services and the communities can to some extent be ascribed to the fact that the fire services do not reach out to the communities they serve. Interactions with the community should be based on the principles of participatory development communication which will ensure that dialogue is established and information is exchanged. Also very important in the Maquassi Hills area is supplying the communities with relevant, regular, correct and coherent fire safety information and skills. People in these communities need the necessary fire safety information to ensure their safety in terms of fire. By allowing people in these communities to participate in planning and implementing initiatives aimed at informing people, awareness campaigns and information sessions will be suited to the specific areas. This will mean that communities receive information relevant to their situation and circumstances and ultimately initiatives will be more effective, allowing the opportunity for a good culture of safety with regard to fire to be built.