ENGLISH A/E or E/A AASHTO acceptance test ACI ACIP, ACIP Pile active earth pressure
Adaptor additive Adfreezing adhesion
Adjacent Piles admixture, addition
ADSC-IAFD adsorbed water
Advance Splicer
Aeolian soil
AFEO
A-Frame
Aft Batter
AGC aggregate air air entrainment air hose
Air Port(s)
Air/Steam Hammer
Airlift
Airlock Airport allowable bearing value
Allowable Load alluvium anchor anchor head
Anchor Pile
anchor wall anchorage, anchoring, anchor plate anchored bulkhead
Angle Iron Guides
Angle of Internal Friction angle of repose anode Anomaly
Anvil
API apparent tendon free length applied stress apron
aquiclude
Aquifer arching Artesian Head artesian pressure
Artesian Water
ASCE ASFE ASTM at rest pressure
Atomization, Impact
Atomization, Injection Atterberg limits
auger
auger boring auger flights
Auger Refusal
Augercast, Augercast Pile Augered Cast-in-Place (ACIP) Pile
augered pile
Automated Monitoring Equipment
AWPA
AWS backfill backhoe
Back-Up-Ring bailer banding barrette
Basal Heave base failure
basement battered pile beam bearing capacity bearing pile
bearing pressure
Bearing Pressure, Allowable
Bearing Pressure, Design
Bearing Surface
Bearing Wall bedrock
Bell belled anchor belled caisson bending bending moment bentonite
berm Bevel Weld blast, to bleed
Bleeding
Bleeding Creosote blocking
Blockout blow count blow counter
Blow Out of Pile
Blowing
bog
Boiling
boiling of sand Bollard bolt Bond Bond Length bond strength
Bongossi
Bonnet boom bore, boring bored pile borehole diameter
Boring
borrow material
Bottom Brace
bottom heave boulder boulder clay
Bounce Chamber Pressure
Box Lead
Box Pile
BP brace
Brace Pile braced excavation bracing
Bracket Pile breaking stress breast wall
Brooming
Bruns Pile buckling building building code, building-by-law
Building Settlement Point - see Settlement Point building site bulb of stress bulk filing bulkhead
bulldozer
Bulls Liver buoyancy buoyant unit weight butt-end
Button-Bottom Pile
buttress, to
Butt-Welding cage
CAGI caisson
Caisson Hammer
Caisson Pile Caisson Weights calibration
Calling the Pile
Can Lead
Cant Hook cantilever cantilever sheet piles
Cap and Plumb Post
Cap Block
Cap Material
Capacity
Capacity Modification Factor
Capacity, Bearing or Geotechnical Capacity
Capacity, Geotechnical Capacity, Lateral
Capacity, Structural Capacity, Tension
Capblock capillarity
CAPWAP
case history
Case Method cased borehole casing Casing Blows
Casing Twister casing, casing pipe cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall cast-in-place pile, cast-in-situ pile Cat Head
Catamaran cathode Cathodic Protection
Caudill Drive Point Pile cavity cc cellular cofferdam
Cement Bentonite cement grout centralizer centrifuge cfm CGS chamber Champion Splicer characteristic internal anchor resistance charges (explosives) chemical grouting chemical properties
Chicago Caisson Chill Ring chisel
Chock chopping bit
Chuck Lead
Churn Drill
CIMA Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam
Circulation
Clamshell Bucket clay
Clay Cutter Cleaning bucket
Cleat clients technical representative
Closed Specification closely graded soil coarse grained Coarse-Grained Soil cobble
Cobi Mandrel coefficient of earth pressure
Coefficient of Restitution (e) cofferdam
Cohesionless Soil cohesionless, non-cohesive
Cold Joint colloid Colluvium column
Combustion Delay compact, to compactability Compacted Concrete Pile Compaction compaction grouting
compaction pile composite pile
Compound Batter Pile Compound Inclination Pile compressed air compression
Compression Leads compression pile
Compression Stroke compression wave compressor Computer Wave Equation Program concentrated load concrete (reinforced)
Concrete Batching
Concrete Cover concrete pile concrete placing concreting pipe cone penetrometer Cone Penetrometer Test confined compression test conglomerate Consecutive Panel consolidate Consolidation constant loading rate constant rate of penetration test
contact grouting contact pressure
Contact Sheeting container Contiguous bored pile walls
Continuous flight auger pile (CFA pile)
Contraction Joint contractor controlled blasting
Convertible Diesel Pile Hammer conveyor core cored pile Coring
Corner Panel coupler cover (concrete) CPM CPT CPTU crack Cradle, Hammer creep creep limit creosoted wood piles
Crew, Pile
Crib crib wall critical creep load
Cross Head
Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)
Crowd
CRP Cruciform Barrette crushed stone, crushed rock
CSL Cuneiform Pile curtain (watertight lateral)
Curtain Wall
Cushion
Cushion Blocks
Cushion, Pile cushioning cut
Cut Off
Cut-Off Elevation cut-off wall
cutting ring
Cutting Shoe
Cyclone cylinder Cylinder Lift dam Damping Factor
Dap datum load deadload deadman
decay time decomposed rock decompression Decrementation deep foundation
Deep Soil Mixing deflection deformation degree of compaction degree of saturation delay
Density
Density Index density, unit weight deposit Depth of Fixity depth of foundation depth of penetration
Desander
Desanding Plant
Desiccation desiccation design
Design Drawing
Design Engineering Firm
design load details deterioration detonation
Deviation device dewatering
DFI diaphragm
Diaphragm Wall
Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam
Diesel Hammer Diesel Hammer, Closed-End
Diesel Hammer, Open-End
Diesel I Program
Dieseling differential settlement
Differential-Acting Hammer
Dike Dip dip (geol.)
Direct Circulation
Direct Circulation Drill disintegration displacement
Displacement Amplitude (So) displacement grouting displacement pile
distributed load disturbed sample diversion DJMM - Dry Jet Mixing Method
DMM -Deep Mixing Method or DSMM -Deep Soil Mixing Method dock Dock Builder
Dog-Leg Pile
Dolly
dolphin
Doodle or Dummy Hole
Double Sheets double wall cofferdam
Double-Acting Diesel Hammer
Double-Acting Hammer
Dowel
Down Hole Hammer
Downdrag drag dragline
Dragload Drainage Chase drawdown
dredge Dredging
Drift
drift
Drift Bolt
Drift Pit drill drill hole
Drilled Pier
Drilled Pile Drilled Shaft
Drilled-In-Caisson
drilled-in-pile
Driller's Stroke
drilling Drilling Bucket drilling fliud/mud drilling fluid drilling mud drilling rig drive Drive Cap Drive Cap Insert drive shoe
drive tube
Driveability Drive-Fit Sleeve
driven pile driving
Driving Capacity(Fd)
Driving Criteria
Driving Formula Driving Frequency (ƒd)
Driving Head Driving Log
Driving Point driving record driving resistance driving test drop hammer
dry density, dry unit weight
Dry Sampling
dry weight
Drypack
Dry-processed Method
ductility
Duplex Drilling
durability Dutch Block
Dutch Cone
Dutch Leaders dyke Dynamic Compaction
Dynamic Force Dynamic Formula
dynamic load test dynamic loading
Dynamic Mass (mdyn)
Dynamic method of analysis
Dynamic Pile Monitoring
Dynamic Pile Test dynamic sounding, - driving dynamic test Earth Anchors
Earth Auger
earth pressure
eccentric loading
Eccentric Moment (Me) eccentricity effective pressure
EIC EIT Elastic Deformation
elastic strain elasticity modulus electrode electro-osmosis Elevation embankment embed, to
Embedment encapsulation
Encasement
End Bearing End Closure End Resistance
End Stop (Pipe)
End Stop Extractor end-bearing pile energy loss
Energy, Impact
Energy, Rated
Energy, Transferred engineering Engineering Geologist engineering geology
Engineering News Formula def. 1 Engineering News Formula def. 2 Enlarged Base
enlarged base entrapped air epoxy Epoxy Grout equilibrium equipment
European Lead evaporation excavated material excavation excavator excess hydrostatic pressure
Exhaust Ports
Expanded Base Expanded Pile
Expansive Soil
explosive Explosive Force
Extension, Helical
Extensometer external anchor resistance
extraction
Extractor
factor of safety
Factored Bearing Capacity (of a foundation unit)
Factored load
Factored resistance
Factored Soil-strength Parameter failure failure load
Failure of a Pile Foundation
failure surface
False Pile
false set Falsework fascine
fault, faulting Faying Surface
Fender
Fender Cap
Fender Pile
Fender System
FGS FHWA fill, filling
filler filling filter Filter Cake
Filter Press
Filtrate Loss
Final Blow Count
Final Set fines finite element method firm bottom
Fish Plates Fish Tail Bit
Fish Tails
fissure grouting fixed anchor length fixed end moment flexible foundation flexural strength
Floating Pile Driver floating pile foundation flocculent floor flotation flow flow net
Flowable Fill
Flowline
Fluid Power Fluidifier (and/or Grout Fluidifier) fly ash
Flying Hammer
foliation
Follow Block or Cap
follower
Foot of a Pile Footer footing
Foot-Pound Blow
Fore Batter
Foreman, Pile formation foundation
Foundation (Lifting) Bracket
Foundation Pile
Foundation Unit
Foundation Unit, Deep fracture frame Franki Pile free anchor length
Free-Hanging Hammer Freeze French Drain
frequency fresh water friable rock friction friction pile
Friction/End-Bearing Pile frost Frost Line
Frost Action
frost heave
Frost-susceptible Soil
G.C. gate gauge, gage
Gel Geocomb
Geofoam
geology geophysical exploration
Geotechnical Engineer geotechnique GI Gibs
Gins or Gin Pole
GIR
girder
Girts glacial deposit glacial outwash
Glacial Till
Glut G-mandrel
Go Devil
Go-For / Gopher Gow Caisson
gpm or gph or gpd
GPR Grab gradation
Grade grader grain shape grain size gravel gravity grouting gravity hammer
Greenheart
Grid Grillage grillage footing grind
Grit
Groin, Groyne Ground Freezing
ground level Ground Modification ground surface
Ground Vibration groundwater
Groundwater Table
Groundwater, Artesian group action Grout
grout curtain
Grout Factor
Grout Head Grout Return grout, to
Grouted Piles
grouting grouting pressure Grouting, Foundation
Guard Pile Guides guide-walls
Gumbo
Guy
Guy Derrick
Hairpin
Hairpin Lead hammer
Hammer Cage
Hammer Cushion
Hammer Efficiency
Hammer Energy
Hammer Grab
Hammer Line
Hammer Speed
Hammer Uplift
Hand Spike Hanging Leads
Hard-Bite hardpan hauling equipment hazard
H-Beam
H-Beam Lead
Head
Head Block headwall heat of hydration heave
Helical Anchor
Helical Anchorage
helical auger
Helical Binders
Helical Foundation
Helical Foundation System Helical Pile
Helical Pulldown™ Micropile
Helical Screw Anchor
Helical Shell
HeliCAP®
Helix
Helix Screw Pile Helmet heterogeneous
High Strain Dynamic Testing Method
Hiley Formula
Hoisting Engine
Hollow-Stem Auger
Home, Pile homogeneous horizontal earth pressure
Hospital Side
H-pile Hydraulic Collapse
Hydraulic Conductivity hydraulic fill hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture, claquage grouting)
Hydraulic Grab
Hydraulic Hammer hydrology Hydromill Excavator
Hydrostatic Pore Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
IBC ICE ice and snow Ice Segregation impact Impact Atomization
Impact Block
Impact Blow
Impact Force
Impact Velocity
Impedance
Impermeable impervious impervious blanket
Impulse Response Test
Impulse-Echo Test
Inclined Pile
Inclinometer
Incrementation
index
Indicator Pile indurated inelastic deformation infiltration
Inflecture Point Influence line
initial set Injection Atomization
Inkwell inlet
Inlet Port Inlet Pressure inorganic soil
Insert
InSitu Insitu Pile in-situ strength in-situ test inspection Inspector, Pile
Instrumentation instrumentation
Instrumented pile load test
intact rock integrity test intergranular interlocks of steel sheet piling internal friction Internal Hammer
Internal Waler
Interpile invert investigation test jack Jack Test jacked piles
Jacking
jacking equipment
Jaws jet
Jet Grouting
jetted pile
Jetting
Jetty
joint joint pattern
J-Side J-Tip karst
Kelly Bar
Kentledge
Key Kicker
Kilonewton King Pile
King Post
Kip
Koden Drilling Monitor
Lace
Lacing
Lagged Pile lagging
Lags
Laitance land landslide
Large Diameter Pile lateral forces
Lateral Load lateral pressure Lateral Pressure (load), Allowable lateral support layer leach
Lead Column
Lead Rails
Lead, Cardonic
Lead, Helical
Leaders Leading Edge
Leads
Leads, Extended
Leads, Fixed Leads, Free-Hanging
Leads, Semifixed
Leads, Swinging
Leads, Three-Way Leads, Underhung
Leads, Vertical-Travel leakage
Lean Concrete levee lever arm Lifting Sling lightweight aggregate
Lightweight Fill lime, limestone Limerock limit analysis
Line Oiler liner
Liner Wall lining
Liquefaction
liquefaction failure liquid liquid limit liquidity index live load load load bearing element load carrying capacity, - bearing capacity load factor load gauge load increment load loss limit
Load Modification Factor load test, loading test
Load, Allowable
Load, Applied Load, Service loader loading and unloading loading frame
Loading Test
Load-movement curve load-settlement curve loam lock lock off load
Lock Seam loess
Lofting
Loftsman log loose
Louver
Low Displacement Pile
Low heat concrete
Low Mobility Grouting (LMG)
Low Strain Integrity Test
LRFD lubricate
Lubricator
M L T
made ground maintained load test
Make-Up-Pile
Mandrel
Man-made Obstruction mantel, sleeve Marine Borer
marine deposit mark, bench mark marl marsh Marsh Funnel mass concrete
Mast Lead mat foundation/footing, raft
Mats
McDermid Plate
Mean Low Water measurement membrane mesh
Michigan Tests
micro pile
micropile joint
Milan Method mineral Mini-piles mixed-in-place mixer
Mixing Plant mobile equipment modulus of elasticity modulus of subgrade reaction moist moisture content moment of inertia monkey
Monkey Stick
Monotube
Montee Caisson
Montmorillonite
Moonbeam
Mooring Pile moraine mortar Motive Fluid mottled
Muck
Muck Bucket Mud Balance
Mud Line Mud Mat
Mud Wall mud, muck
Mudcake Mudding-In mudjacking
mudwave multibench blasting
Multi-Hhelix Anchor multi-row blasting multi-stage grouting multistory building
N Value, SPT Value
natural water content, moisture content Necking
Needle Beam
Needle Gauge
Needle Piles
Negative Batter
Negative Inclination negative pore water pressure
Negative shaft resistance negative skin friction
Net Settlement
Neutral Plane
New Construction Bracket nipple Nominal Axial Load nondestructive tests non-displacement grouting
Non-Displacement Piles normally consolidated
NRMCA NSGCSA NUCA observation well
Offshore Lead
Oiler
Omega Piles
One Bag Mix open caisson open cut
Orange Peel Bucket
Order Lengths organic matter
Oriented Core
oscillator Oslo Point
osmosis Osterberg cell test outcrop (geol.) outwash plain over excavation overbreak overburden
Over-cast length overconsolidated
Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)
Overdriving
Overhead Leads overload Over-pour overstress
Overtake p.s.i.g.
Pad panel
Pants, Hammer
Parallel Seismic Test
Parallelogram Brace particle size
Particle Velocity passive earth pressure
PCA PCSA PDA
PDCA pea gravel peak shear strength peat
Peavy pebble
Pedestal Pile
Peeled
Pendulum Leads penetration grouting penetration record penetration resistance penetration test
Penetration, Gross
Penetration, Minimum
Penetration, Net penetrometer Penny percentage by weight perched water table percolation
Percussion boring/drilling
Performance Factor permafrost permanent anchor permeability permeation (impregnation) grouting pH
phreatic line, - surface
Pier
pier footing piezometer
piezometric head piezometric surface Pig pile
pile (driving) frame pile bearing capacity
Pile Bent
Pile Buck Pile Bulkhead Pile Butt pile cap
Pile Clamps
Pile Cluster
Pile Cushion
Pile Cut-Off
Pile Driver
pile driving
Pile Driving Analyzer Pile Driving Cap pile driving formula pile driving resistance
Pile Encasement pile extraction
Pile Extractor
Pile Fall Pile Formula pile foundation
Pile Frame Pile Gate pile group pile hammer
Pile Hammer, Automatic
Pile Hammer, Semi-Automatic
Pile Head Pile Heave Pile Impedance
Pile Installation Recorder Pile Joint
Pile Line pile loading test
Pile Log Pile Master Pile Monkey
Pile Penetration
Pile Point Pile Refusal Pile Rig Pile Shaft Pile Shoe
Pile Splicer
Pile Sweep
Pile Take Up Pile Template
Pile Toe
Pile toe grouting Pile Top Rig Pile, Cast-In-Place Concrete Pile, Timber
Pile-raft Foundation
Piling Contractor
Pin Pile pipe Pipe Extractor Pipe Pile Pipe Sleeve pipeline piping
Piston piston sampler pit
PIT (Pile Integrity Tester)
pit run materials
Pitch Opening
Pitching the Pile plane of weakness plane strain plastic concrete plastic concrete wall plastic deformation plastic limit plastic soil plasticity plasticity index plate bearing test, plate loading test plug
Plumb Pile pneumatic caisson
Pogo Stick point bearing pile point load
Point of Fixity point resistance
Poisson's ratio polymer Polymer Slurry polymer-based slurry pond Pony Beam
Pony Leads poorly graded, - sorted
Porcupine Plate
Pore Pressure pore pressure dissipation
Pore Pressure Elevation, Phreatic Pore Pressure, Artesian
Pore Pressure, Hydrostatic pore water pressure porosity Positive Batter Post-tensioned Panel
Post-tensioning
power augers Power Pack
Practical Refusal Preaugering, Preboring or Predrilling precast concrete precast concrete diaphragm wall
Precast Pile
Precast Segmental Pile
Precast Slurry Wall precompression pre-consolidation preconsolidation pressure
Pre-Excavation prefabrication
Prefiring Preignition preliminary investigation preliminary micropile preliminary pile
pre-loading prepacked pile preservation presplitting pressure pressure at rest pressure bulb pressure gauge
Pressure Grouting Pressure Head
Pressure Injected Footing Pressure Meter
Pressure -Treated Pile
prestress
Prestressed Pile
Prestressing
Pretensioned Spun Concrete Pile
Pretensioning
primary consolidation
Primary Drive Cap
Primary Panel Probe pile Production Pile
Production, Piles project proof load prop protection protective coatings
Protector Pruyn Point psi, psf PTI puddle-clay Puddling
Pull Out Resistance pulling test pump pumped concrete
pumping test
Quake qualification test quality control quarry quartz quay quay wall quick condition quick lime Quick Test quicksand
R
Rabbit
Racking Hammer raft foundation
Rail Pile railroad Railroad Pile Driver
Raker
Raker Point Raking Pile Ram
Ram point rammer
Range Pile
Ranger rapid drawdown
Rat Hole rate indicator rate of loading
Rated Speed Raymond Step-Tapered Pile
RCD Reaction Pile reamed
Reamer
Rebar Cage Rebound
rebound curve recharge recompression recovery
Rectangular Cofferdam rectangular footing reference point
Refusal
Regrout Tube reinforced concrete pile reinforced earth reinforced slurry wall
Reinforcement relative density relaxation relief well repetitive loading
Residual Soil residual stress resin Resistance
Resistance Factor
Resistance Modification Factor
Resistance, Shaft
Resistance, Toe
Resistance, Ultimate resisting moment resonant frequency
Re-strike a Pile retaining wall
retarding agent Reverse Circulation
Reverse Circulation Drill
Reverse Head
Rider Cap Rig rigid foundation rigid wall riprap rock
rock anchor rock bolts
Rock Point
Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
Rock Shoe Rock Socket rockfill rod Rope Suspended Lead Rotary Boring
Rotary Drill
Rotary Drill Rig
rotary drilling rotary-percussive drilling rotation row of piles runoff rupture Saddle safe load
safety factor
Safety Margin
Salt Hay salts sample sampling disturbance sampling spoon sampling tube sand
Sand Brace Sand Cone
Sand Content
Sand Drains sand drains sand pile saturated soil Saximeter
SBC scale scarifier scarp Scope of Work scour, subsurface erosion scraper screen
Screw Anchor screw pile sea level sea wall
seal seasonal effect
Secant Pile Secant Pile Wall secondary compression
Secondary Panel section sedimentary rock sediments seepage seepage flow segregation seismic design
Seismic Exploration seismic velocity
Seismograph
seismometer self hardening slurry self weight Self-compacting concrete
Self-consolidating concrete
sensitive clay
Sensitivity sensor sequence of strata
Set setting (materials) settlement
settlement analysis settlement curve settlement measurement settlement plate
Settlement Point
Settlement, Gross Settlement, Net Set-up sewer
Shackle shaft shaft diameter
Shaft grouting
Shaft Resistance
Shaft Resistance, Negative
Shaft Resistance, Positive shale shallow cut shallow foundation shear force shear stress shear test shearing strength, shear
Sheave Head Assembly Sheet Pile
sheet pile bulkhead sheet pile cut-off sheet pile wall sheeting
Shell Shelling Up
Shield Shipworm
Shoe Plates
Shook Out
Shop Drawing shoring shotcrete
Shoulder Pipe shovel shrinkage
Side Batter
Side Channels side friction
Side Guides Sieve sieve analysis
Sight-Feed Lubricator
Silent Sheet Pile silica silt siltation
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer
Single-Acting Hammer site
Site Conditions
site investigation
Skew Batter Skid Rig
skin friction
Skin Friction, Negative
Skin Friction, Positive
Skirt, Hammer
slab Slaking slate
Sleeve, Pipe, Inside
Sleeve, Pipe, Outside slickenside slide
Slide Pile Slinging Hole slip Slip Layer
slip surface slope slope failure
Slope Indicator Tube slope protection slot Slow Test
SLS Sludge
Slump, Slump Test
slurry
Slurry Displacement Method
Slurry Specialist
Slurry Trench slurry trench wall
slurry wall Soak-sensitive Soil
Socket
Socketed Pier or Pile soft soil
Soil
Soil Anchor
Soil Boring
Soil Boring Log soil cement soil characteristics
Soil Damping Soil Damping Parameter
Soil Engineer soil exploration
Soil Fill Soil Investigation
Soil Mixing soil moisture
Soil Nail
Soil Nail Wall Soil Nailing soil particle
Soil Plug soil profile Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD)
Soil Resistance to Vibratory Driving (SRVD)
Soil Sampler
Soil Screw™
soil stabilization
Soldier Beam and Tremie Concrete Panel soldier beams soldier beams and lagging
Soldier Pile
Solid Density sonic coring
Sonic Driver
Sonic logging sonic test sounding
spacer spacing span specific gravity specification
specimen Spider Spile Spiral Weld Pipe
Splice
Spliced Pile split spoon
Spoil
Spoon Blows spoon sample
Spotter spread footing/foundation
Spreader Bars spring
Spring Fender
SPT Spud Spud Clip
Spud Lead
Spudding
Spun Pile
Spur Dike Spur Pile Stabbing Points, Leads stability Stabilizing Fluid stable suspension stage construction
Staking Out stanchion
Standard Penetration Test standards standpipe static load test static loading test
Static pile load test static pile test
Statnamic Testing
Staylathing steam hammer
Steam Lead steel Steel H-Pile steel pile Steel Pipe Pile
Step-Tapered Pile
Stiffeners, Web stiff-fissured clay stiffness Stinger stirrups stone Stone Columns
Stop End Joint Stope Stoppers strain strain gauge, -- gage
Strapping stratum strength stress stress concentration stress distribution
Stress, Effective Stressing Length stress-stain curve
Strike
Striker Plate String Line Stringer strip foundation
Stroke structural damage structure
Strut
strut subgrade submerged unit weight subsidence subsoil subsoil exploration subsurface
Sub-surface Setttlement Point suction suitability test sump
Sump Pump support supporting fluid surcharge
Surcharge Force (Fo) surface force
Surface Settlement Point surface wave survey
Surveyor suspension Swage Pile
Swinging Leads Swivel Leads system test T.A.M. Tack
Tangent Pile Wall tank (container) Taper Pile (steel)
TaperTube Piles
Tapette Taywood Sheet Pile Driver- Extractor
Telescope Lead Telltale temperature temporary anchor
Temporary Wall tendon tendon bond length tendon free length
Tenon tensile force tensile strength tensile stress tension Tension Capacity tension crack
Tension Pile tension pile tension steel Teredo
Termination Criterion
terrace deposits test Test Borings test load Test Loading test micropile test pile
Test Pit test procedure testing machine
Texas Quick Load Pile Test texture
Theoretical Power (Pt) theory thermal properties
Thin Wall Shell Pile thin wall tube sampler thixotropy
Thread Throttle Valve
tides tie-back
Tieback Trumpet
Tiedown tie-rod tight till
Tilt Meter tiltmeter timber pile time-settlement curve
tip of the pile
Toe Toe Elevation toe failure
Toe Grouting
Toe Resistance Tolerance
Top Block Top Head Top Man Top Plate top soil Top-down Method
Torque
Torque Correlation
torsion Total Stress Analysis
TPT Pile Training Wall
transducer
Transferred energy transition zone Tremie
tremie concrete
Tremie Pipe Tremie Plug trench Trench Cutter Trepan
Trestle
trial micropile trial pile Triangular Lead triangular load distribution triaxial apparatus triaxial cell
triaxial compression test
Tricone Trip
Truss Leads
TTI Program
Tube Pile tube-à-manchettes
two-way slab
U Lead UBC ULS ultimate bearing resistance
Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile
Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile Foundation
Ultimate Limit States Design ultimate load
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
Unbalanced Force (Fv)
Uncased Concrete Pile unconfined compression strength unconsolidated-undrained test (quick test)
Under the Roof method underdrain underground underpinning
Under-Ream underreamed pile underseepage underwater Underwater Driving undisturbed sample undrained shear strength uniaxial compression unified soil classification uniformity coefficient uniformly graded soil
unit weight
Updown Method uplift
Uplift Capacity uplift piles uplift pressure
USDOT vacuum vane apparatus
Vane Shear Test varved clay Vertical Earth Boring Machine
Vertical Travel Leads vibrating extensometers
Vibrating wire strain gauge vibration Vibratory Driver/Extractors
Vibratory Hammer vibratory pile driving
Vibro-compaction
Vibro-driveability (Vp) vibroflotation virgin compression curve viscosity visual inspection void void ratio
volcano volume volume change
Wakefield Pile wale
wall friction
Wall Thickness Wash Boring
wash water washboring water content
Water Jet
Water Table water table fluctuation
Water to Cementitious Materials Ratio water-bearing water-cement ratio waterlevel watertight
Watertight Wall wave Wave Equation
wave length
Wave Speed Wave Trace wave velocity
Ways weak soil
WEAP weathering wedge wedging weephole weight loss well well casing well point well screen wet-processed method WFEO
Wharf wharf structures
Wick Drain
Wide Flange
Wings
WMM -Wet Mixing Method or WSMM -Wet Soil Mixing Method wood wood pile wood preservates workability
working level Working Load working micropile working pile x-rays yield yield point yield stress
Young's modulus zero point zinc zone of capillary saturation zone of plastic flow of soil zone of seepage zone of swelling DEFINITION Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
American Concrete Institute. See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile
Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called filler or insert.
The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to as "frost grip."
The nearest piles to a given pile or location
The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft Contractors Water bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules.
Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction. Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is aeolian soil. ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B. Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile American General Contractors Association The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports. Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single, double, differential or compound. Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from the bottom of the excavation.
Device use to control internal pressure of Pneumatic caissons. The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as air intake and exhaust ports.
The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test. A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water. Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to supporting soil/rock
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).
A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways. Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile of cohesionless soil. An irregular response or unexpected signals detected by non-destructive testing. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in drive cap which impact block strikes. Also called Anvil Block, Penny, Striker Plate or Top Plate. See Sketches in Appendix A. American Petroleum Institute.
A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing.
A soil layer that carrries water.
The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise above the normal groundwater table or the ground surface.
Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the normal groundwater table or ground surface. American Society of Civil Engineers. American Society of Foundation Engineers. American Society for Testing and Materials.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion. A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact. The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content where the soil behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is the liquid limit and from the plastic to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit. Plasticity index is the numerical difference between liquid limit and plastic limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and a cutting head on the bottom, designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Sections of a continous flight auger "quick-coupled" together to form a continous auger. See Continous Flight Auger
The point at which auger advance ceases, or slows to a predetermined rate due to the strength of the soil or rock being drilled. A proprietary name for an augered, cast-in-place (ACIP) pile ACIP piles are constructed by rotating a continuous-flight, hollow-stem auger into the ground to the specified bearing depth, or until the refusal criteria are reached. Fluid grout is then pumped, under pressure, through the hollow stem and out of a port on the bit, as the auger is withdrawn in such a way as to exert a positive grout pressure on the soil surrounding the drilled hole. ACIP piles may be referred to by several other names, some of which are proprietary or used by specific contractors. Some common names are auger cast, Auger Pressure Grouted (APG), continuous flight auger (CFA), Augerpile, augered grout injected, augered uncased, and uncased cast-in- place.
Electronic device to automatically record augered, cast-in-place pile installation data during drilling and grouting.
American Wood Preservers' Association - Primary standards writing body for pressure treatment of wood, including pressure-treated timber piling. American Wood Preservers Institute provides technical assistance and use specifications. American Wood Preservers Bureau is concerned with quality control of pressure treated wood. American Welding Society. Soil material placed into a space that has been excavated, such as against structures and in pipe trenches, and in foundations.
Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called Chill Ring. Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while driving. Also called Strapping. Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is constructed in various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended to primarily carry vertical loads. Also called load-bearing element.
See Bottom Heave
Colloquial term for a pile installed on an incline. See Inclined Pile
The maximum load a pile can sustain by soil/rock resistance at the bottom of the pile. For shallow foundations, it is the capacity of the soil/rock to carry load without excessive deformation. A supporting pile for a structure that can be of wood, concrete or steel in any number of shapes and whose bearing is reached by toe or end bearing, friction, or friction and compaction, or a combination. See End Bearing Pile
The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions. The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or smaller than the allowable bearing pressure. The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears. A wall that supports vertical load, as floors or roof. Solid rock as distinguished from boulders or layers.
Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called Under-ream. An area enlarged around a soil anchor for added grout and resistance.
A large-diameter drilled shaft with an enlarged base. See also Caisson Sodium montmorillonite, a mineral clay. A highly compressible colloidal clay which, when introduced into certain soils, reduces their permeability. 1. Introduced in pellet form and tamped into place to restrict water seepage. 2. Suspended in water to form a slurry, Bentonite Slurry, helps to prevent earth from falling into an augered hole or excavated trench. 3. Provides viscosity to suspend cuttings and helps seal walls of borings.
Sloping surface of soil providing lateral support to wall. Butt weld where pieces to be joined have one or both edges beveled, because material is too thick for electrode to penetrate for a required weld.
One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing - Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig The creosote, as on a pile surface, that resembles fresh paint which has been poured rather than brushed. On hot days creosote will "bleed" out of the pile.
Device to form a recess or apperture in a poured concrete wall. 1. The observed blows of the pile hammer per increment of pile penetration. 2. Blows on soil sampler in standard penetration test. See also N Value, and Penetration Resistance. The person who monitors the number of the hammer blows for each increment of pile advance. A method of removal of the soil(s) from the interior of open-ended piles. See also "Airlift" Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Boiling, Piping.
Soft, wet land underlain by decayed moss and vegetable matter and covered with grass and vegetation. See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing, Piping. A post on a dock to take a ship's mooring lines.
Adhesion of concrete to reinforcing steel. Length of a tieback, tiedown or a minipile that transmits the applied load to the surrounding soil or rock.
An African hard wood utilized as a hammer cushion. Often used on offshore hammers. See Drive Cap
A deep foundation that is constructed by methods other than driving. Also known as a pile, drilled shaft, caisson, or cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile.
1. A hole in the earth produced by various methods. 2. The method of exploring subsurface conditions by drilling or otherwise advancing a cased or uncased hole into the earth. Frequently, soil or rock samples are extracted from the boring for classifica Soil or rock material obtained from off site for use as fill on a construction project. 1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads o Upward movement of soil in the base of a large excavation.
A rock with a diameter that is greater than 200 mm (International Standard) or 300 mm (ASTM D422)
The pressure in the air compressed by the upward moving piston of a closed-end double acting diesel pile hammer. Lead which is configured in the shape of a "U" with guiding rails for hammer in open portion of the "U." Also called Steam Lead, "U" Lead. See sketches, Appendix B. A pile made from two deep-arch sheet piles, channels or other structural steel shapes, welded along their contact lines. The box pile may be driven open or closed ended and filled with concrete or left empty.
Former designation for H-pile; now called HP. 1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane's rotating upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.
A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are typically used in underpinning applications.
A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap - Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion. The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for adding lengths with a tapered drive splicer.
Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their supports. See Settlement Point
A work constucted along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel of reinforced concrete sheet piling driven int the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as a
An inorganic silt of slight plasticity; quakes like jelly when subjected to vibration. Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14 in. heavy wall pipe. For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn. For an uncased pile concrete is forced out the bottom as th
Welding two adjoining corresponding surfaces by setting them in a common place in exact position to each other while assuring that their common axis is in a straight line. See also Bevel Butt Weld 1. Reinforcing bars preassembled for quick placing in a pile or excavated slurry-wall trench. 2. See Hairpin Lead - A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width.Offshore Leads - A pi Compressed Air and Gas Institute Originally a large structural chamber utilized to keep soil and water from entering into a deep excavation or construction area. Caissons may be prefabricated and installed by being sunk in place by adding weight and by systematically excaving below the A gravity hammer which is mounted on top of a caisson and which contains a cushioning system and a rudimentary lead. Also called Tapette.
See Caisson Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as reaction weights for test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge
Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count - that the pile is "home." See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the bottom for turning piles or timbers. See also Peavy. Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at good material, a cap placed across them and support built up to the structure. Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is suspended beneath a hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape p Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. See also Cap Material, Cushion Blocks, and Dolly. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit. See resistance, ultimate A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of a foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation unit, e.g., a footing, or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is the ultimate resistance of the unit itself as based on the strength of the building materials.) See capacity, bearing The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to loading perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to tension (upward) loading. Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion." Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels in soil due to capillary tension. Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program." The software utilizes a signal matching technique in which the measurements from a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical results generated by the software are
A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity) from data recorded by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"
1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving. The blows, usually of a 300 pound hammer falling 18 in. onto a soil sampler casing while making a soil boring. A device used to slightly twist the casing back and forth around its longitudinal axis as the casing is being drilled into the ground. A casing twister is occasionally used in drilled pile applications. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Insitu Pile, or Caisson. A rotating power driven spool or winch head. Used to lift a drop-hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool and for soil penetration tests. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around the continuously-rotating cat h A wooden float with sides, for carrying wood piles to a floating driver.
A means of protecting steel piles from corrosion by providing a consumable (sacrificial) anode or by applying an external electrical potential.
Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the point.
Cubic centimeter. Metric unit of volume. A structure of interlocking steel sheet piling to make a self-sustaining cofferdam with separate inside and outside walls. See also Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam and Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam.
Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with time. High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.
Devices designed to keep reinforcing steel centralized in a shaft as concrete is placed. Typically fabricated from steel bars, precast concrete blocks, or plastic mouldings. In model pile testing a device to approximate gravity-induced horizontal stresses to compensate for scale. Cubic feet per minute. Canadian Geotechnical Society.
A trade name for a structural connector for splicing H-piles. A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its load- carrying capacity or decrease its permeability.
Also called "hand dug caisson." See "Caisson" Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called a Back-Up-Ring Heavy steel tool used to soften or fracture rock or obstructions
A member, usually of timber, used as a separator between piles or timbers.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. See also Off-shore Lead A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy percussion by a star-shaped cutting bit or chisel.
Construction Industry Manufacturers Association A structure constructed of interlocking steel-sheet piling consisting of circular cells joined with connecting arcs. The arcs are installed after the cells are completed; the cells and arcs are filled with granular soils.. See Diaphragm- Type Cofferdam In the direct circulation method, drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and the cuttings are carried to the surface by the flow. In the reverse circulat Excavation bucket operated by cables or hydraulic rams.
A soil material with a cohesive strength that increases or decreases with changes in moisture. The permiability of clay is very low. It is difficult to compact when wet, and impossible to drain by ordinary means.
A percussion boring tool used in clay soils. Also called clean-out bucket. A specially designed drilling bucket to clean the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts A piece of timber nailed to each corner of a timber sheeted pit to hold the adjoining timber boards. Specification which describes the end product and how it is to be achieved. Usually used for permanent walls
Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual assistance. The coarse-grained materials include the sand and gravel (or larger) soil particles. A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering and abrasion. A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically expanded inside of a thin, round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while driving.
Nondimensional coefficient of cushion materials which accounts for the energy absorbing characteristics of the material. The value of "e" lies between 1 and 0. A structure which is built to exclude earth and water from an area in order that work may be performed there under reasonably dry conditions. A cofferdam does not have to be entirely watertight to be successful. It may be cheaper to permit some flow into The bonding or attraction between particles of fine-grained soil that enhances shear strength and is independent of effective pressure. A soil, sand, that when unconfined has little or no strength when air-dried and that has little or no cohesion when submerged.
Discontinuity in concrete caused by a disruption or delay in the placement of the concrete.
A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity.
The time between impact and combustion in an impact atomization diesel pile hammer.
A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base is placed in small batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry co The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading, rolling, tamping, vibrating, or other mechanical means. Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the injection of low-slump grout at high pressure.
A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The connection between the components is designed to transmit load and to prevent separation during and after construction. See also Spliced Pile - A pile composed of two or more segm Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile". Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of the piles. Also "Skew Inclination"
Pile hammer leads designed to withstand compressive forces from pile extraction operation (i.e., as used in pulling sand drains or mandrels). pile to resist compression forces
Distance traveled by diesel hammer ram compressing cylinder gas. Measured from bottom of air intake port to point of impact.
A computer program used to solve the wave equation as applied to pile driving and specifically to attempt to predict the optimum hammer size and pile length to acquire a desired ultimate bearing value of a pile. See also WEAP - Wave Equation Analysis of
Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control the quality of the mix. Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete See CPT
Panel cast with one end against a previously cast panel.
Densification of soil by mechanical means, involving expulsion of water.
A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a manner that the pile top (head) experiences a constant rate of displacement. The force and displacement are recorded at short intervals, so that a force/displacement curve may be pl
A proprietary means of attaching horizontal timber lagging to the face of steel soldier piles as excavation proceeds.
Walls formed by closely-spaced piles installed by augered, cast-in-place method or bored cast-in-place method. Typically used as earth-retaining walls. Also called tangent pile walls. A pneumatic, electric or hydraulic drilling machine to which is connected a string of helical augers and a cutting head, used to bore holes in the earth, into which a pile section or a tieback is set or concrete is cast-in-place.
Joint provided in concrete members to control contraction as concrete sets.
A diesel hammer which can be operated either open-end (single-acting) or closed-end (double-acting).
A pile formed by removing earth prior to pile installation. Continuation of a soil boring into rock; a core may be recovered for examination and testing. See also Dry Sampling - A method of sampling soil by boring a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object i Panel, not linear in plan, used to accomplish change in direction of wall.
Cycles per minute - A measure of frequency. Cone Penetrometer Test; see publications by P.K. Robertson. Piezocone; Cone Penetrometer Test with pore pressure measurements.
A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the hammer forward of the lead rails.
A timber pile impregnated with coal tar creosote to minimize deterioration.
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile Bucks. A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete members, laid in courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying lines holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix B. Also call Head Block, Sheave Head Assembly, or Top Head.
A down-hole quality assurance test in which the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) through the foundation material is measured at closely spaced intervals over the full depth of the foundation to assess uniformity. Requires access tubes or boreholes over the 1. The downward thrust of Kelly bar or auger caused by mechanical reaction against the weight of the boring rig. It is used when boring becomes difficult in hard soil formations. 2. Lateral thrust to hold a pile in position when it tends to drift. See Constant Rate of Penetration A barrette having a shape of a cross (Illustration in appendix B). See also Barrette. See Crosshole Sonic Logging. A tapered or step-tapered pile.
A non-load bearing wall constructed underground to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent underscour; 4. Under earth or concrete levees. May be made o Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad. Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Same as Cap Material, Dolly. The material placed on a pile head to cushion the impact of the driving hammer.
The excess portion of a pile above cut-off elevation.
The elevation of the top of the pile as shown on the contract drawing. A structure constructed, underground, to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent trickles from developing into dangerous channels; 3. Under concrete dam
Additional metal placed as an inside or outside cast steel ring or welded plate at the bottom of an open-end pile or caisson to strengthen the tip.
Centrifugal device used to remove fine soil particles suspended in bentonite slurry.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. A structure constructed to obstruct the flow or impound water. A coefficient that is determined as the ratio of a force to velocity. In dynamic testing of piles, the damping factors are the following types: (1) Smith Damping factor (presented by E.A. Smith, 1960) is defined as the ratio of a force to a velocity. (2) Incision or notch cut in timber into which the head of a pile or other timber is fitted.
1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles driven near test pile to anchor jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or Anchor Pile).
Removal of a load in steps at completion of test loading.
A foundation unit that provides support for the structure by transferring loads either by end-bearing to soil or rock at considerable depth below the structure or by side friction in the soil or rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type Ground improvement method in which a cement based slurry is injected and mixed with the weak soils to increase the strength of such soils
The weight or mass per unit of volume. In reference to soil, the term usually indicates weight per unit volume and is synonymous with unit weight
The span between the loosest void ratio and the actual void ratio divided by the span between the loosest and densest void ratios.
Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly by the soil. Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry
Equipment used to filter and/or remove suspended solids from bentonite slurry prior to its reuse. Drying of soils.
Drawing prepared to show intent of the work. Drawing is not sufficiently detailed to be used for construction. The professional organization responsible for the design, plans and specifications to fulfill the scope of work to be performed to successfully complete the design of a project. The firm may also monitor and observe the construction of the project. See The load designed for a pile; also Service load. Must be smaller than the allowable load.
Variation from the designated plan location or elevation.
1. The procedure utilized to remove water from a construction area such as pumping from an excavation or location where water covers the planned working surface. 2. The procedure used to lower the groundwater table in order to obtain a "dry" area in the Deep Foundations Institute
A watertight concrete cut-off wall or a combination concrete structural cut-off wall tremie poured in an excavated and fluid (bentonite slurry) filled trench. See also Slurry Structural Wall, and Cutoff Wall A structure made of steel sheet piles with each of the inner and outer walls consisting of a series of arc segments, which are connected at their intersections with diaphragms that extend through the cofferdam to form a series of cells. The cells are fil A pile hammer, which carries its own diesel fuel to generate power internally. A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by compressing air, above the ram to form an "air spring." Also called Double Acting Diesel Hammer. A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by gravity. Also called Single-Acting Diesel Hammer. Title of a proprietary computer program for solving wave equations for diesel hammers. Undesirable precombustion of the fuel in a diesel pile hammer (usually due to overheating or improper fuel). Also called Prefiring, Preignition.
A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is exhausted into and combined with additional fluid entering over the piston to take advantage of differential piston areas to accelerate the ram and to act in concert with gravity An impervious barrier to control movement of water.
Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See also Strike -The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to North. A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space. See also Reverse Circul Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under pressure at the head of the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.
Should actually be "Free-hanging (double) displacement amplitude". See illustration #13.
A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces an equivalent soil volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical displacement of the soil, such as timber, closed-end pipe or precast concrete piles. A Franki Pile.
A sample of soil taken without effectively minimizing disturbance of the soil mass. A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which powdered reagent is pneumatically delivered into the ground by using compressed air in order to mix it with in situ soils forming thus a soil reagent column. The chemical reaction of the soil and stabilising re A soil modification technique in which the soil can be stabilised either by forming columns of stabilised soils (soil stabilisation) or by stabilising the entire soil volume (mass stabilisation) by means of a mixture in situ with cementitious (cement, lim
The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile Crew. A pile curved or bent during driving.
Block, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Also called Cap Material, Pile Cushion. 1. A cluster of piles driven and bound together at the top to protect bridge piers and docks from heavy marine traffic. 2. A marine structure founded on piles used to moor, anchor, breast or turn a vessel. 3. A large diameter pile or casing to accompl An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she Two sheet piles, interlocked and tack welded then handled together for installation and pulling.
See Diesel Hammer.
A pile hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and additional fluid, redirected by valving, acts in concert with gravity on the down stroke.
Reinforcing steel bar projecting from the top or face of the wall intended for connection of additional reinforcement or concrete at a later time. A percussion hammer that is lowered down a cased pile hole to break up rock below the casing tip to form a rock socket. The transfer of load (dragload) to a deep foundation unit by means of negative skin friction, when soil settles in relation to the unit.
The load transferred to a deep foundation unit by negative skin friction, occurring when the soil settles in relation to the foundation unit. Space provided between wall and interior finish wall for collection of seepage from a slurry wall or structural support. The lowering of the level of the groundwater table that occurs as a work area is dewatered for construction. Also lowering water behind a dam.
Excavating underwater, usually with floating equipment; it may be an elevator ladder, hydraulic suction, grapple, grab or dipper bucket, scraper, dragline, clam shell or backhoe. A deposit of loose detrital materials, fragments of rocks, boulders, sand, gravel, clay or other soils driven together by ice, wind or water. See also Glacial Till - Materal deposited by glaciation, usuallly a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected
1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift pin" is used to align holes at connections.
A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.
A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata and filled with concrete - either cased or uncased. See Drilled Shaft Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the bottom. Suitable where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile. An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock to receive a steel core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with concrete. Core, concrete and pipe contribute to high load carrying capacity.
Height of fall of a drop hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around a powered continuously rotating spool or "cathead." The weight is raised by holding the rope taut th
A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is removed from the bucket by swinging it to one side of the bore and releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket. Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. See illustrations #1, 2, & 3. A cast or fabricated steel shoe which may be pointed and is fixed to the pile shaft at the tip for easier driving, improved penetration, protection against damage in dense material or boulders and improved bearing at the tip. Also called Driving Point, P steel tube used to displace the ground during the formation of a driven cast in place pile. Drive tube is withdrawn during concreting A steel collar used for splicing pipe piles. The "drive-fit" simply means that both pieces of pipe fit inside the collar and after the first blow of the hammer, the fit is tight due to the taper of the inside of the collar. Does not normally require wel pile which is forced into the soil by driving, the soil being displaced by the pile or drive tube method to bring the piles into the ground to the required depth, such as hammering, vibrating, pressing, screwing or by a combination of these or other methods The theoretical driving force delivered to the pile. Also known as "rated driving force". See illustration #10 1. Requirement for resistance of a pile to penetration, stated in blows per increment of depth. 2. Required tip elevation of pile. See also Refusal-The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration pe See Dynamic Formula. Driving frequency is usually given in (Hz), is the number of revolutions per second of the eccentric masses (within the vibratory Driver).See illustration #8 See Drive Cap Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Log or Pile Log. See Drive Shoe. A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive pile. Also called a Gravity Hammer.
A method of sampling soil by augering a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object is to obtain a complete undisturbed sample of the natural soil for analysis. Also call Core Borings.
A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with compressed by hand. This mixture is generally rammed between foundations and underpinning to form full bearing contact. Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction. Borehole is drilled under dry conditions without introducing slurry. Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is to be formed above the groundwater level, or impervious mat
Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are inserted simultaneously by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill cuttings / slurry return through the annulus between the rods and casing in order to minimize loss of ground.
Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable of the crane, which supports both the lead and hammer. A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer or CPT Pile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely coupled at the boom point and the base and the hammer is guided between the pipes.
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soils are densified at depth by the dropping of a heavy weight at ground surface in a planned grid pattern. Force applied to a pile by a rotating eccentric weight vibratory pile driver/extractor. A mathematical equation which calculates the static load carrying capacity of a pile from the energy per blow of the pile hammer and the observed set of the pile. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.
The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor block, hydraulic clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11.
The determination of the capacity, impact force, transferred energy, etc. of a driven pile, using analysis of measured stress waves induced by the driving of the pile. The recording of strain and acceleration induced in a pile during driving and presentation of the data in terms of stress and transferred energy in the pile, as well as of estimates of capacity, impact force, hammer rise etc.
See Dynamic Pile Monitoring
Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond zone of active pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar walled excavation. The anchors may be installed horizontally or at a slope. See Appendix C. 1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and cutting head on the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler. Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile being driven out of plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load condition. Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See Illustration #7
Engineering Institute of Canada Engineering Institute of Thailand Alteration in length of a pile, or structural member due to load (reduction for compression piles, elongation for tension piles). An important factor in evaluating apparent pile movements under test load. Also called Elastic shortening, Elongation.
The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level plus or minus x).
1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff below the ground to the tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top into the pile cap.
Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile Encasement. Support provided by the lower end or toe of a deep foundation. A plate or point attached to the toe of a pipe or shell pile. The static soil resistance at the pile end to loading. Also called Toe Resistance. Round pipe or shaped device placed at the ends of a panel excavation prior to placement of concrete and withdrawn from the excavation after the concrete has set, providing smooth surfaces at the ends of the panel.
Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set. A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or toe bearing on a firm stratum existing at some depth below the ground surface.
The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving helmet. The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the hammer ram times the weight of the ram. The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and cushions and measured in dynamic monitoring. A geologist, who may also have engineering training, specializing in the application of geology to engineering problems.
One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a driven pile. R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R = Allowable pile capacity in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6] 1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry concrete or gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form a bulb. This has the effect of increasing the bearing area of the pile and compacting the soil. 2. Pre
A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength bonding material.
A term applied to a lead in which the hammer is mounted in front of the lead. Also called Mast Lead, Monkey Stick, Truss Lead, Triangular Lead. See Appendix B
A space created by the removal of soil or rock for the purpose of construction.
1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet and exhaust ports of a diesel pile hammer. See Enlarged Base. A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase bearing capacity or resistance to uplift. This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying, capable of causing damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas. Found in large areas of Southwest and Western United States. The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is equal to the gas pressure created by the explosion times the area of the cylinder bore. Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following the helical lead section. Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length without helix plates. It is installed following the installation of the helical lead section or extensi Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil, rock, and cast-in-place bored piles.
Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done with an impact pile extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor. A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effectiv The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the allowable stress or load. The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula using factored soil strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined in a field-test loading or calculated from penetrometer data, the failure load multiplied by a performanc The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load factor (Typically greater than unity, or as specified in the relevant code). Resistance to loading, multiplied by an appropriate resistance factor (Typically less than Unity, or as specified in the appropriate local code.) Shear strength parameter modified (reduced) by resistance factors for cohesion and friction, as used in ultimate limit states design.
1. Movement of the pile foundation or any part thereof, either as vertical settlement or laterally, to such an extent that objectionable damage results to the structure supported by the foundation. 2. Failure of a pile or piles to pass a load test.
1. Temporary piles used to support falsework in construction of cast-in-place concrete bridges or for supporting superstructure units until they are bolted, riveted or welded in place or otherwise self-supporting in the permanent structure. 2. Piles us A system of temporary piles, temporary walers and bracing, or a prefabricated structure to temporarily support elements of a permanent structure during construction. 1. A long bundle of sticks of wood bound together and used for such purposes as filling ditches and making parapets. 2. Woven willow mattress used along river banks and during river pier construction to minimize scour.
A planar fracture in the otherwise continuous rock of the earth's crust. The face of a metal plate, end of timber, etc., that joins another surface so closely as to leave no space between them A protective system built to prevent marine traffic from damaging bridge piers and docks. A horizontal member resting on and framed to the top or side of fender piles.
Treated wooden pile and timbers used in a fender system. Note that untreated piles are often used for ferry slips. Also call Guard Pile Piles and/or timbers used as guides adjacent to a bridge opening or dock and along the face of a wharf seawall or other waterfront structures to absorb shock from vessel impact, and so minimize damage to both structure and vessel. Fellow of the Geological Society of London Federal Highway Administration. 1. Soil or other material placed in an excavation or other area to raise the surface elevation or to provide a more stable base. Fill materials are usually selected for low compressibility and good stability, and may include rock, rubble, slag or other d Structural fabrication or casting placed in a driving helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Insert.
A coating of natural soil or bentonite suspension which lines the walls of an excavation, particularly in permeable ground, where bentonite or soil slurry has been used as a stabilizing medium during its construction. Device used to measure the filtration and filter cake development of bentonite slurry. Water loss from bentonite slurry applied under pressure against a filter.
The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which the driving of the pile or soil sampling device was stopped. The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of blows at the end of driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count) Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also Coarse-Grained Soils. Steel plates or timbers bolted across a joint to make a splice. 1. A device shaped like a fish tail to better utilize jetting water. 2. A reaming bit used on the end of a flight auger. Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the heads of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon and in vertical alignment with the pile to permit the hammer's operation free- hanging. See also Hairpin - A gravi
A Barge-mounted pile driver.
Condition where dispersed clay particles form agglomerates or clumps
A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from such water flow. Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.
Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile. Also called Motive Flluid. An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937 A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete. 1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape pile, along with its cushion if used. The out A member interposed between a pile hammer and a pile to transmit blows when the pile head is below the reach of the hammer. Also called a Dolly.
The lower end of a driven pile, pile tip. See Footing Type of foundation typically installed at a shallow depth and constructed to provide an area of bearing on the supporting soil or rock. The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer.
Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also called Positive Batter or Forward Batter. The supervisor of a pile crew.
A system or arrangement of structual members through which the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rock A weldment bracket typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System to stabilize, and sometimes elevate, a structure that has experienced foundation settlement. The bracket is used to connect the foundation of a structure to an installed Helix Screw A relatively long, slender colulmn installed in the ground to generate support from friction along its periphery and/or end bearing on firm material.
One of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft, or pile. A unit that provides support for a structure by transferring load or stress to the soil at depth considerably larger than the width of the unit. A pile is the most common type of deep foundation. A proprietary name for a pile constructed with an expanded base of compacted concrete.
See Flying Hammer See set-up. Stones placed in a trench to form a space for surplus water while it percolates into the soil.
The number of vibrations or oscillations occurring in one second, designated Hertz (Hz).
A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction developed between the side surface of the pile and the soils through which it is driven. A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe (end) bearing.
The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze. Foundations must be carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration. The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and thawing. Freezing, because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase and /or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions, an Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost Action, and Heave.
Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures, when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist.
General Contractor A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed around the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and leads. See also Pile Gate.
Semi-rigid colloidal suspension of a solid in a liquid. The generic name for a geosynthetic product from a polymeric (plastic) material extruded into long, connected, open-ended tubes in a honeycomb arrangement. The generic name for a geosynthetic product consisting of numerous, closed cells created in an expansion or foaming process using a gas called a blowing agent. Geofoam materials may be polymeric (plastic), cementitious or glass in composition.
An engineer with specialized training and knowledge of soils and rocks, employed to do soil investigations, design of structure foundations and provide field observation.
Geo Institute branch of American Society of Civil Engineers. 1. The guides that attach a diesel hammer and its tripping device to a spud lead. 2. Parts attached to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Channel Guides, Side Guides, Angle Iro Sometimes applied to a separate mast or boom used to hoist piles or other heavy objects. Geotechnical Interpretation Report. A report presenting geotechnical information and interpretation to derive design parameters based on sub- surface investigation data. A GIR is typically prepared for very large infrastructure projects.
A stiffening member passing around the outside of a structure, or part of a structure, for the purpose of strengthening or protecting it.
Material deposited by glaciation, usually a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected to the sorting action of flowing water. A short piece of timber placed between bracing and a pile as a filler. A two-segment mandrel actuated by a hydraulic cylinder pulling on cables which pass over sheaves in a manner to force the two segments apart to hold a corrugated shell for driving. Plug-like device placed in a tremie pipe prior to placement of concrete in the pipe. Device is intended to prevent concrete from mixing with bentonite slurry or water during initial placement of concrete. Typically formed of foam rubber or polystyrene The low man or woman on the construction crew who goes for parts, supplies, or tools, as instructed. A short cylinder of steel plate large enough for a man to work inside; as excavation proceeds, smaller cylinders are set inside until bearing stratum is reached. The telescoped cylinders are withdrawn as concrete is placed.
Gallons per minute, hour or day. A unit of measurement of the flow of liquids.
Ground Penetrating Radar. See Clamshell bucket.
1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site. 2. The cut-off elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls
Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger than 1/4 in. size.
A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile, which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive the pile. Also called Drop Hammer.
A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the Amazon area. Less durable than pressure treated wood, especially in resisting marine borers. See Pile Template A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed on the tops of piles or pile caps to support a structural load.
Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form. 1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles, or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin
Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibro- compaction.
Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency. Water present in saturated soils.
The upper surface of the zone of saturation in the ground.
A confined body of water under a pressure which gives a level of hydrostatic pore pressure (phreatic elevation) higher than the ground surface or the normal groundwater table.
A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very thin for pumping under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to cement grout for economy. Cement Grout can be used to improve the tips of piles, and as an adhesive
The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the theoretical volume of the shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See also Overtake. The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile. The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground surface as the auger is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an ACIP pile.
1. Shafts constructed by pumping grout through a hollow-stem auger. Also called Augered cast-in-place (ACIP) Auger Pressure Grouted (APG) or Auger pressure grouted displacement (APGD) piles. 2. Drilled shafts that have had grout pumped in at high-pressure Grout is pressure-injected into deposits of rock containing fissures, cavities, seams, etc; to solidify and strengthen the formation; to reduce or eliminate a flow of water through the formation; to reduce the hydrostatic uplift under a structure such as See Fender Pile That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides. Shallow concrete walls placed on either side of the alignment of a slurry wall to provide vertical and horizontal alignment control for the excavation and subsequent support of the reinforcing steel cage and/or other elements to be placed in the trench. A dark-colored, very sticky, highly plastic clay, occurring abundantly in the central and southern parts of the U.S.A. A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center load A standard steel-erecting derrick, with guyed mast and a hinged boom at its base, both able to swivel on the base. A gravity hammer in the shape of an inverted "U" used without leads to start sheet piles into the ground. Sometimes called pants. A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width. Also called Pony Leads.
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually supported by a template Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad. The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by the rated energy. The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See Energy, Impact, and Energy, Rated. A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter caissons or other excavations. The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering and holding the hammer. The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per minute. 1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. See also Cylinder Lift A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads. Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads. Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles. 1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and gravel of glacial drift origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to penetrate.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. See also Steel H-Pile A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey Stick, Spud lead. 1. Shortened form of the phrase "pressure head", referring to the pressure resulting from a column of water or elevated supply of water. 2. The top of a pile. Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying both crane hosting drums lines, holding pile and hammer, over the top of leads.
1. The uplifting of earth between or near piles, caused by the displacement of soil by pile driving. 2. The uplift of a previously driven pile caused by the driving of an adjacent pile. 3. The upward movement of soil and/or foundations supported on s An anchor consisting of a bar and one or several helix rings. The anchor is augered into the ground and capacity is derived by the helix bearing against the soil. Helical tieback, helical anchor or screw anchor screwed into bearing strata, and used to transfer tensile loads to soil. Helical anchorage consists of small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates, coatings, corrosion protection, co
Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind the latter to form a cage. Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed to or into bearing strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A helical foundation consists of a small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates, A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for transferring loads from a structure to the pile. Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and successive helices. Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw pile in which gravity-fed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element above the helix plate(s). A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel plates welded to a central steel hub “lead section”. Helix anchors are installed by screwing the helix plates into the soil through the application of a rotating force on the centra Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the joint crimped or welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a mandrel. Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B. Chance which calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical anchorages/foundations in soil. Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape provides the means to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation, plus the plate transfers load to soil in end-bearing. Helix plates are available in various grades, di (See Screw Pile) Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also called Anvil Block, Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.
A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to impact the top of the shaft. The strain at impact must be at least the same order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the pile. In brief, the soil resistance must be wholly mobilized A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a pile driven from its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.
A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable) drums, mounted on a common sled base. An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger.
A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow count.
A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the most dangerous. See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam. Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a clay strata) is sufficient to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing. Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in a soil. Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.
Similar to Clamshell Grab. A grab operated by hydraulic action, used for excavation of diaphragm walls and barrettes A pile driving hammer that uses a hydraulically-powered ram
Reverse circulation drilling/grinding machine operated by hydraulic drives to rotate cutter wheels on a horizontal axis. The spoil is removed by a submersible pump within the machine. Pore water pressure varying as pressure in a non-moving free standing column of water. Water pressure in soil that results in neither upward or downward flow; having a hydraulic gradient equal to unity International Building Code. Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain.
The growth of ice in lenses, layers, and veins in the soil, commonly, but not always, oriented normal to the direction of heat loss.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion. Normally used with diesel hammer. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). Also called Anvil. 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in d The transmission of energy during a short interval of time from one moving body to another. The peak force delivered by a pile driving hammer to the pile head as measured by means of dynamic monitoring (the peak force must not be influenced by soil resistance reflections). The velocity of the ram of a gravity or single-acting steam/air hammer when it strikes the anvil. It may be computed from a formula. A constant that is equal to the pile cross-section area times Young's modulus, divided by the elastic wave velocity. Soil in which the spacing of the soil particles is so close as to prevent or allow only very slow passage of water. Also known as the Transient Dynamic Response Method, or the Sonic Mobility Method. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact from a small hammer that contains a transducer to measure force input. The r Also known as Sonic-Echo, and by several proprietary names. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact with a small hammer. The time taken for the wave to travel down the shaft and be reflected back to Preferred term for a pile installed or constructed on an incline so as to provide some horizontal support for a structure Instrument which measures inclination and slope or sweep of a cased bored hole. Can be used in pipe or other types of pile if the pile is equipped with tubing to permit travel of the device. The steps of applying a test load to a pile. Generally, the specifications will require the steps to be 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% of Design Load. Other increments may be specified, dependent on design considerations.
Piles, often prestressed concrete, driven in advance of major work to determine needed length before ordering.
The point where reversal of curvature occurs: point of contraflexure An influence line can be any line in a graph that shows the magnitude of a condition, such as shears or moments on / along a beam. The influence line graphically represents the calculated shear or moment at that point along the beam. A geotechnical exa stage after mixing concrete when it turns from liquid to solid A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The base plate under the beam swivel of a guy derrick
The inlet fluid path of fluid-powered hammers. Pressure of motive fluid at the inlet of an air/steam hammer.
1. Structural fabrication or casting placed in a helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Filler. 2. Any device intended to be permanently embedded in a wall. In original or final place. A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Cast-In-Place Pile, or Caisson.
The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract requirements. Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural system, or physical parameters such as soil pressure or water head.
Pile load test performed on a shaft in which instrumentation has been installed to measure parameters such as stress, strain, and displacement. The load transfer mechanism and stress distribution can be determined from an instrumented pile load test.
A means of assessing the integrity of a deep foundation nondestructively and non-invasively - See Impulse Echo Test and Impulse Response Test
The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent piles through a thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a continous wall. Also called a Clutch
A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing and is used to advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or penetration. Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance between points of lateral support. Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile. A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under test. See also Test Pile pile pressed into soil by means of static force
1. A means of imposing a static driving force on a pile by using hydraulic jacks. Using extensively to install piles in underpinning of structures. A jacked pile. 2. The means of precisely transferring load from another source (either dead weight or a rea
Devices that interface with and are used to clamp a vibratory driver/extractor to a pile.
A method of ground modification that mixes cement with insitu soil using high pressure air and/or water jets to form "soilcrete". Jet grouting is generally used for excavation shoring, underpinning, and as a hydraulic barrier.
The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a pile by means of hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases, a high pressure compressed air jet(s) may be used, either alone or with water. Also called Water A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble, fascine, or mattress work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal, to prevent littoral drift from forming a sand bar across a harbor entrance. See also Groin, or Groyne. Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded structural shapes.
Side or skin damping value used in wave equation analysis. Tip or toe damping value used in wave equation analysis. A geologic term for limestone bedrock in which cavities are developed by solution in flowing water. Also called Karstic Limestone. A square or splined shaft which can slide vertically through a square or splined opening in a rotary driving head to turn an auger or drill bit; for a drilling rig which drives from top the Kelly bar may be a smooth cylinder. The kelly bar may also be use Term used for reaction weights for test loading. Also called caisson weights or load-test weights. A recess in the wall intended to receive a wall or floor slab. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or se S.I. (Systeme Internationale) unit of force equal to 0.2248 kips. 1. The center pile in a dolphin or cluster of piles usually with the top higher than the adjacent piles to hold lines from a ship. 2. Added support for a precast concrete or steel sheet pile wall. Steel columns installed in soil or embedded in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts used as vertical support for temporary working platform or decking for deep excavation works A unit of force or load equal to 1,000 lbs.
Also called sonic logger in Asia. Device used to measure a continous profile of a slurry-filled borehole or excavation by the sonic caliper method - Used to monitor diameter or width and verticality of bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphra 1. To raise and slip an interlock of a pile, such as a steel sheet pile, into the interlock of an adjoining pile. Also called Thread. 2. To raise and slip a pile hammer into pile hammer leads so that its side channels properly engage to slide upon the The act of interlocking sections of sheet pile to form a wall. Also called Threading. A pile to which longitudinal pieces (lags) are fastened to provide mechanical protection to a pile or increase friction contact area. See Lags.
The horizontal members, usually of timber or concrete, spanning between soldier piles. See Lags.
1. Plates, blocks or structural sections secured to a pile to increase its bearing or friction area. Also called Lagging. 2. Thin slats on creosoted piles in marinas to reduce creosote stains on boats. A mixture of bleed water, cement and fine sand that may appear at the top of concrete after placing, especially in high lifts, such as piling. It has no structural value. Metal left, as at a bevel on the flange of an H-pile, for back-up of a weld.
A pile with a nominal diameter exceeding 24 in. (600 mm).
Horizontal component of load on a pile. Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre The maximum pressure (load) that may be safely applied in the horizontal direction to a soil or rock by a foundation unit. 1. Inclined piles or reinforcement to resist lateral forces on piles or footings. Also called Bracing, or Shoring. 2. Support provided by soil, which prevents column failure of a driven pile.
1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides.- A lead which is fixed to a crane boom point normally in an extended configuration, but has three directions of freedom about the boom point (i.e., in and out, left and right, and around) rather than just in and out, left and right movement. Also called Sw The first helical anchorage/foundation component installed into the soil, consisting of single or multiple helical plates welded to a steel shaft of finite length. See Leads. The edge of the helix that enters the soil first--may be straight, curved or sharpened or blunt. 1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp Pile hammer leads which extend above and attach to the boom point of a crane. Also called Overhead Leads. See Leads, Extended. Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads, Swinging Leads. 1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called Vertical-Travel Leads. Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads. See Leads, Cardonic. Also called Swivel Leads. Pile hammer leads which hang from the boom point pin of a crane by straps or pendant cables. 1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called semi fixed leads. Low strength concrete usually intended as backfill in situations where the material will be subsequently removed. An embankment of earth built up along the sides of a river to prevent its overflowing its banks.
Cable device used to lift reinforcing steel cages with minimal distortion.
Low density material used as backfill to reduce overburden pressure. Typically consists of lightweight rotary kiln produced aggregates with a density about half that of normal granular soil backfill.
A compact, high-calcium limestone originating from coral and other marine remains.
Oil lubricator inserted in compressed air or steam lines to lubricate air or steam powered hammers. See also Sight Feed Lubricator, or Oiler 1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the side of a hole. 2. A pipe dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving temporarily. See also Casing Interior finish wall placed in contact with or separated from the slurry wall.
Loss of strength occurring in saturated, fine-grained cohesionless soil when exposed to shock or vibrations when the soil particles momentarily lose contact due to pore pressure increase. The material then behaves as a fluid without shear strength. See The factor used to modify (usually increase) the factored load or factored force. Testing capacity and relation of load to movement by putting a static load on the bearing element before actually building upon the foundation. May be performed in axial compression, axial tension, or horizontally (lateral). ASTM Standard D1143 covers Me The maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit under expected loading and soil conditions. Determined as the capacity divided by the factor of safety. The load actually applied to a foundation unit. The load actually applied to a foundation unit, and which is not greater than the allowable load.
Applying increments of load to a pile and measuring the resulting movement of the pile. See Load Test A curve showing the relation between applied load and measured movement in a static loading test - also called load-displacement curve.
A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic material.
Longitudinal or spiral seam in corrugated or other pipe formed by overlapping or folding the adjacent edges. A soil transported and deposited by wind action, generally silt, weakly cemented. The act of raising a pile into the leads to place beneath the hammer. Also called "pitching the pile." 1. The workman who climbs the lead to position pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1. above Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Driving Log or Pile Log.
Space left between timber lagging boards. Louvers permit backpacking of voids behind the boards. Pile with minimal soil displacement, such as H, open-end pipe or sheet piles. Also called Non-Displacement Pile. Special concrete mix designed to reduce the peak temperature during hydration of the concrete mass. Use for mass or thick concrete members such as mat foundation. Flyash is commonly used as an additive in low heat concrete. Pumping of low slump grouts (0" to 3") with a limited ability to travel into the ground to fill voids or compact soil. A pile testing method by which the pile integrity is confirmed or anomalies such as necking, bulging or discontinuities are identified. One of the non- destructive methods. Unlike the High Strain Test, the soil resistance is not mobilized as the test is p Load and Resistance Factor Design.
See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment operator. Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing load in defined increments and holding each level until such time that the pile top (head) displacement stabilizes or a specified time period is attained. A force vs displacement cur
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she A core that is inserted into a closed-end thin-shell tubular pile for driving; after installation the mandrel is contracted and withdrawn; (1) Solid or semi- solid mandrel - A heavy tubular section that will transmit the hammer energy to either the casing Any below ground man-made object, such as concrete, timber, building rubble, abandoned utilities, which cannot be easily removed by clamshell bucket or drilling tool. One of several species of mollusks (Teredo - "Shipworm," Bankia, Pholad) and crustaceans (Limnoria-tripunctata, quadripunctata, Lignorum) that bore into untreated wood and concrete. Preservative pressure treatment is effective in protecting wood from the
Cone shaped funnel used to indirectly measure bentonite slurry viscosity by measuring the time of passage of a quart of slurry through a specified opening size.
See European Lead Also called Mat Foundation. A thick concrete slab used to support one or more columns. A mat footing may be placed directly on the base soil or may be supported by piles. Heavy timbers bolted together for use as support and roadway for pile driver crane. Essential over soft or wet supporting soil and to protect pavement.
A proprietary part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which receives the blow of the ram and transmits it to the pile. Normally used only with wood piles. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms, Appendix A.
The average low elevation to which the surface of a body of water falls. Mean High Water is average high. In tidal areas Mean Low (High) Tide is the average daily minimum or maximum water surface elevation.
A comprehensive field test, principally aimed at determining load bearing criteria for driven pile, conducted in 1961 by the State of Michigan Highway Department and the United States Bureau of Public Roads.
Relatively small diameter (typically 4" to 10") cast-in-place replacemnent piles utilizing drilling and grouting procedures along with high strength materials to obtain high capacity piles, typically 50T to 150T. In addition to the construction site, trad
See Top Down Method. See Micro-piles
Combination of mechanical devices used to mix, store, clean and/or distribute bentonite slurry.
Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit length in the elastic region of material behaviour. Also called Young's Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).
See Pile Monkey
A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at the tip of the crane boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a brace is not normally used, the lead base being set on the ground. T An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a mandrel and filled as a cast-in-place concrete pile. A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way through rock. Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More powerful motors and pumps, plus high quality cutting steels have brought a redevelopment of this once popular pr A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized by a crystalline structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient of bentonite clay. A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile hammer leads which allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed during the driving of side inclination piles (right angle to the crane boom).
Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to steady marine vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock in position. See also Dolphin, King Pile. Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by glaciation, usually containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also Glacial Till Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the hammer to drive the pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.
1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an excavation, especially in tunneling. Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water. Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of slurry. River bed at interface of water and soil. A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below the planned structure to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean.
1. An earth diaphragm or impervious cut-off-wall in a dam. 2. The wall above the beam seats of a bridge abutment, designed to support the approach slab and retain the earth behind the abutment.
See Filter Cake The technique of stirring in bentonite powder and /or water to facilitate the installation of temporary casing or to expedite drilling into an augered or otherwise drilled hole.
Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.
The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long, split soil sampling spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in. The count is recorded for each of three six-inch increments. The sum of the second and third i Reduction in area of cast-in-place concrete in a pile, either uncased or thin- cased, due to soil pressure or improper method of installation. A structural beam inserted through a hole in a wall to support the wall during underpinning, jacking or excavating operations beneath it. The beam transfers the wall load to a temporary or a newly installed foundation.
A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure in pressure hose, by puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem.
Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in underpinning operations. Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative Inclination Driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane.
Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit, due to an applied uplift load. 1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling soil that grips a pile by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure load. Also called Downdrag. Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See Settlement The location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting permanent load applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin friction and the sum of upward acting positive shaft resistance and mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System, to provide connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the structure’s surface level foundation components.
Eurocode term for basic estimated load, as defined by code or statistical analysis, before application of Load Factor.
Piles formed by boring or other methods of excavation. H, open-end pipe and sheet piles are considered low-displacement piles.
National Ready Mix Concrete Association. National Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Association. National Utility Contractors Association. A perforated pipe installed in the ground for monitoring groundwater level
A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported by a template. Also called Cage, Can Lead, Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead. 1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2. Either a man or woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and greasing certain pieces of construction and mining equipment.
Proprietary name for a type of augered, cast-in-place displacement pile.
A mixture of one 94 lb. bag of cement and 1 cy of sand, typically used as a self compacting backfill.
A drop-bottom bucket used for excavation. The drop-bottom is divided into a number of sections that appear to peel back as the bucket opens.
Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or contractor from the supplier
Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while in its in-situ location in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock core. Used to determine the orientation of dips and joints in the rock
A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile by slitting the shaft or cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to secure a toe hold in sloping rock. Can also be fi
Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and load cell pre-installed in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.
The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat theoretical volume. Usually expressed as a percentage. Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-pour.
The ratio between the preconsolididation pressure and the effective overburden stress. 1. Pile driving that exceeds the maximum warranted hammer blow count or damages the material comprising the pile. 2. Hitting the pile more than the optimum or required number of blows per increment of advance. 3. Continuing to drive piling(s) after penetr See Leads, Extended .
The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the theoretical volume, or above the designed cutoff level.
The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, and the theoretical volume of the shaft. See also Grout Factor Pounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air compressor, air hose, or steam hose.
See Pile Cushion. Section of a slurry wall that is concreted as a single unit. The panel may be linear, T-shaped, L-shaped, or other plan configuration Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the head of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free- hanging. Also called Fingers, Fish- A down-hole test to verify depth and to determine the most likely construction material of unknown foundations below existing structures. Requires a borehole close to the unknown foundation, and access to the structure immediately above the foundation in Propietary brace to change pile hammer leads from side to side wIthout use of a hammer
The speed at which the ground particles move or vibrate, measured in mm/s or in/s. The maximum recorded particle velocity from any one of the three axes of movement for a recorded vibration event is the Peak Particle Velocity. Portland Cement Association. Power Crane and Shovel Association. Pile Driving Analyzer - An instrument used to monitor pile installation and evaluate the pile-soil system. The working principle is: a pile is assumed as an elastic rod. An impact is applied on the pile top and the produced stress wave propagates along Pile Driving Contractors Association
A highly organic soil consisting chiefly of fragmented remains of vegetable matter which was sequentially deposited. Typically has a spongy consistency. Long handled tool similar to a cant hook but with a steel point at its end and a hinged hook for turning piles or timbers .
A cast-in-place concrete end-bearing pile, frequently patented, constructed so that concrete is placed or forced out into a bulb or pedestal at the base of the pile. See also Compacted Concrete Pile. A tree trunk from which all of the bark has been removed before treating and /or driving See Leads, Swinging
1. The resistance to penetration by driving, expressed in blows per increment of advance of the pile. 2. The N Value in the Standard Penetration Test
Term generally applied to subsurface investigation methods for determining a strength-related property of a soil by measuring the resistance to penetration of boring and/or sampling equipment. See also N Value.
The total downward movement of the pile caused by the hammer blow before rebound. Depth or length of pile specified to theoretically develop the required load bearing or uplift capacity of the soil, the required lateral strength or reach a desired bearing strata 1. The gross movement of the pile less the rebound from the hammer blow. 2. Net measured settlement after unload from a test A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of the pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer See Anvil
A means of advancing a bore using compressed air- or cable-driven impact tools, or excavating tools which are repeatedly dropped onto the face or base of the bore. A factor used to alter (usually reduce) the capacity of a foundation unit, determined by means of direct test loading, or by in-situ tests such as penetrometer testing. Permanently frozen ground; very difficult to pentrate with piling, and unstable when disturbed.
Old term; See Hydraulic conductivity
Measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a liquid using a logarithmic numerical scale of 0 to 14, set with 7.0 as neutral, less than 7.0 indicating acidity and greater than 7.0 indicating alkalinity. Based on the reciprocal of the Hydrogen ion concentrati
1. A structure built perpendicular or oblique to the shoreline of a body of water for mooring ships. 2. A plain, detached mass of masonry,usually serving as a support: i.e. the pier of a bridge. 3. A deep foundation unit with a large length to diameter ra
A perforated pipe installed in the ground to measure groundwater pressure / head in any desired stratum. It is typically sealed along its length, open to atmosphere at the top and perforated only in the desired stratum to allow water inflow from that stra Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to keep concrete separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See also Go Devil A slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or combinations thereof, which is either pre-manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-in-situ in a hole formed by driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c
Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of a structure, such as a bridge foundation, and fastened together by capping and/or bracing. Colloquial term for a member of a pile crew See Seawall Colloquial term for the top of a pile, originally referring to the widest part of of a timber pile or tree trunk, normally driven with the narrowest part, or tip, down first. See also Pile Head. A structural member constructed on the tops of piles to transmit and distribute the load of the structure down to the head of a pile, a row of piles, or a pile group. 1.Pairs of timbers bolted to the sides of the piles in a bent, or steel channels bolted or welded to H-piles, to tie the piles together and so carry and distribute loads to the piles. 2. A mechanical device with teeth for gripping piles, used with vibrato 1. A group of piles, standing free as a dolphin or as mooring piles or piles in contact, forming part of a fender system for the purpose of mooring or breasting off vessels for better control. See also Dolphin. 2. Group support for column loads Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Cushion, Pad. The length of pile extending above the cut-off elevation that must be removed. 1. A rig consisting of leads, hoisting apparatus and a pile hammer. 2. A member of the pile crew
See PDA See Drive Cap Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effective. All e See Pile Line. An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile may be estimated from the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula.
The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to transmit loads directly from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum some distance below the ground surface which is capable of supporting the load.
See Skid Rig. A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and the leads
General term for a machine which drives piling by impact or vibration. Power source may be mechanical, air,steam,diesel or hydraulic. A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is automatically thrown at both ends of the ram stroke to produce a regular cycle. A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is manually thrown at one end of the ram stroke and automatically thrown at the other end. The uppermost end of a pile. See Heave A material property of a pile. Determined as the product of the Young's modulus (E) and area (A) of the cross section divided by the wave speed (c) as Z = EA / c. See Automated Monitoring Equipment. Means for joining lengths of piles. 1. H-Pile: full penetration butt weld or close-fitting mechanical device plus welding across flanges and additions. 2. Pipe-Pile: butt weld or driving into tapered circular sleeve. A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one of the hoisting lines on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile Fall. See Load Test, Test Pile
See Driving Log See Taywood Sheet Pile Driver/Extractor 1. The workman who climbs the lead to position the pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1 Above. The depth or subsurface elevation reached by tip of the pile. 2. Embedment of the pile. 3. The set of the pile A pointed pile shoe. See refusal. See Pile driver. The portion of the pile between the pile head and the pile toe. A premanufactured separate reinforcement attached to the bottom end (toe) of a pile to facilitate driving, to protect the lower end of the pile, and/or to improve the toe resistance of the pile. A close-fitted device for quickly aligned an additional length of similar or compatible sections of a pile to increase length. See Spliced Pile, Composite Pile Bending or curving of a pile, generally as a result of encountering obstructions or hard conditions during driving. An increase in the observed resistance to penetration during driving A prefabricated structure or site-erected frame into which a pile is set and held firmly in position to permit driving with a free-hanging pile hammer. Usually rectangular in form, to space and position piles so that they will be specified position relati The lowermost end of a pile (Use of terms such as pile tip, pile point, or pile end in the same sense as pile toe is discouraged). See toe grouting. Driving rig that is clamped to the top of a caisson pile casing. See Cast-In-place Pile. A tree trunk, usually debarked, driven into the ground. It may be pressure impregnated with creosote, pentachlorophenol, or chromated copper arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenate A thick concrete slab-like foundation supported by piles. Usually used for tall buildings with high loading The contractor, frequently a subcontractor, who specializes in installing piles.
A pile used to provide vertical support to bracing members. See Micropiles.
See End Stop Extractor. See Steel Pipe Pile Insert in wall intended to permit the passage of a pipe through the wall.
See Blowing
The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with piston rings. See Ram An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an accelerometer and a strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer is placed on the top of the pile prior to testing. The top of the pile is struck axially with a hamm
The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix pile. Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting
1. Concrete consisting of cement, bentonite, aggregates, additives and water intended to provide minimal strength, a low modulus of elasticity and high strain prior to failure. 2. Concrete that has not yet set.
Term applicable to fine-grained cohesive soils ( such as clays) with the ability to flow or be remolded without raveling or breaking apart. See also Atterberg Limits
The soil inside a pipe pile that is driven open-ended
A vertical pile
See Pipe Lead Colloquial term for a pile that derives its load-bearing ability from support of the soil layer at the tip. Preferred term is "end-bearing pile"
See Depth of Fixity Synthetic additive that increases the viscosity of water. A mixture of water and polymer forming a viscous drilling fluid that is used to stabilize boreholes and to remove drill cuttings from the borehole.
See polymer slurry. Also used in parts of Asia to denote a polymer slurry with bentonite added to reduce loss in granular soils.
Short beam placed across a structural beam or panel joint intended to support two panels from one point of lateral support. Also, called a waler.
See Hairpin Lead, Telescope Lead, Spud Lead, and Beam Lead.
Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to the plate, intended to be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile capacity to a connection to the wall. Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains, minus the atmospheric pressure.
The elevation of a groundwater table corresponding to a hydrostatic pore pressure equal to the actual pore pressure. Pore pressure in a confined body of water having a level of hydrostatic pressure higher than the ground surface or above the normal groundwater table. Pore pressure distribution as in a freestanding column of water.
Colloquial term. See Fore Batter Concrete element which derives its primary strength from a longitudinal compression force provided by high strength steel strands, embedded in the wall, which are tensioned after the concrete hardens. See post-tensioning.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or bars are placed in ducts through the concrete member. When the concrete reaches a specified strength, the tendons are tensioned by jacking against the member and then anchored to it. See also p A prime mover composed of an engine and generator, hydraulic pump, or compressor to provide electricity, hydraulic power, or air to portable construction equipment, such as a vibratory driver/extractor or auger. See Refusal. 1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the planned pile type. This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory drilling to elevations below utility lines to locate and minimi
A concrete pile, either reinforced or prestressed, which is manufactured in a construction yard or at the site, and, having been properly cured, is handled and driven like a steel or timber pile. A precast pile manufactured in lengths which enable the pile to be extended on site relatively quickly with a mechanical splice. See Bruns Pile, Pile Splicer Wall constructed by insertion and positioning of precast concrete panels into a self-hardening slurry.
1. Advance excavation of a general site. 2. Removal by augering of soil that may heave. 3. Removal of soil by driving and cleaning out an open-end pipe
See Dieseling See Dieseling
pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment and/or for confirming the design, dimensions and bearing capacity Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support. Omnidirectional force per unit area (Compare stress)
See Grouting, Foundation See Head
See Enlarged Base A device that can be lowered into a bore hole and expanded to determine the lateral resistance of the soil Round or sawn timber used as a pile, which has been pressure impregnated with a chemical preservative, e.g., creosote, pentachlorophenol, or ammoniacal copper arsenate or chromated copper arsenate
See Preload.
A precast concrete pile which is prestressed or post-tensioned to reduce or eliminate cracking caused by the tensile stresses to which piles are subjected during transportation, pile driving, and in service. Compressing a concrete member with tensioned cables or bars running through it to achieve higher strength for less weight, and to counteract handling stresses. A precast, prestressed concrete pile where the form is spun as the concrete sets. Spinning results in denser concrete, reduces water cement ratio, and hence increases the concrete strength and durability of the pile.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or rods are tensioned before the concrete is poured. When the concrete member has cured to specified strength, the tendons are detached from their anchorages and relieved of their stress. Restrain
A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used only with an adapter Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends. See Indicator Pile Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary test pile. The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e. piles driven per 8 hour day
A protective end reinforcement for steel sheet piling Trade name for a protective cast-steel pile point for H-Piles Pounds per square inch (foot), the English unit of measure of pressure Post Tensioning Institute.
A technique for achieving an uncontrolled degree of compaction of granular fill by saturating the soil after it is dumped into the excavation. See Uplift Capacity
Elastic compression of soil during pile driving. A term utilized in wave equation analysis.
A wharf which is built parallel to the shore line.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between adding load increments. (reference ASTM D1143). A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil temporarily super-saturated with rising water and acting as a fluid under pressure. See Liquefaction Symbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice design capacity See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
Severe bouncing of the casing of a power pile hammer during driving operations
Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded together and the heads out, driven as a unit
A pile driver mounted on a crane with railroad undercarriage for convenient transportation on the rails and operation on track. Sloping brace, which provides lateral support by transferring forces against a footing or other structural element within the excavation. See Inclined Pile. See Inclined Pile. The moving or driving part of an air, steam, diesel or drop pile hammer which delivers an impact blow to an anvil and to the pile. Also called Piston if fitted with piston rings. The part of the ram that comes closest to the impact surface of the pile. Sometimes a separate unit of the ram
A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine surveying or dredging. See Wale
See Doodle Hole
The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft. sections of increasing diameter to form a step-tapered pile. Reverse Circulation Drilling See Anchor Pile A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the base of a drilled shaft or caisson. See Cage 1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from the hammer, by reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the soils into which it is driven. Also called Temporary Compression. 2. The upward movement of the head of
A temporary wood or steel sheet piling, braced, single-walled, rectangular- shaped enclosure installed to permit construction of a foundation below ground or water level.
The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration per blow (as when the point of the pile reaches an impenetrable bottom such as rock), or when the effective energy of the hammer blow is no longer suffic A tube with injection ports installed in a tieback, tiedown or a minipile, and used for secondary grouting.
Addition of steel to the concrete to provide tensile or bending strength.
1. See density index. 2. See compactness condition. The characteristic of a pile that shows a decreased static capacity after driving due to pore water pressure changes, soil remolding, stress redistributing in the soil, and other factors. Soil formed in situ by rock decay and left as a residue after the leaching out of more soluble products.
The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a hammer blow or a static force. The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance.
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated factored resistance of a foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized in shear along the shaft of a pile or foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized at the toe of a pile or foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit; See Capacity.
Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe increase (setting) or decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity.
A structure constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of earth behind it and its own weight imposed on the soil beneath it.
1. A counter-flow method of circulation drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and Hollow stem chisel with provision to draw bentonite slurry and drill cuttings up the stem during drilling.
A means of stabilizing a bore by maintaining a head of water in the bore above the level of the surrounding water table See Drive Cap See Pile Driver Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion
A natural aggregate of minerals that cannot readily be broken by hand. The ultimate soils material upon which to base a foundation. The compressive strength of good stone is greatly in excess of that of masonry. Limestones may be subject to caving as a re High Tensile bars or cables grouted into holes drilled into rock. See Appendix C
Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock, or to improve penetration into boulder infested soils. A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of the accumulated lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total core length. A special type of pile shoe. That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath less competent overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson
See Offshore Lead A method of boring using rotary ( as opposed to percussive) means of excavation Rotary grinding and cutting device primarily used to fracture or soften rock.
1. A drill machine powered hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, or mechanically to bore exploratory holes or for installation of piles, caissons, or insitu piles. The equipment may utilize a continuous flight auger or a rotary table and Kelly bar w
1. A channel with flanges down attached to the top of a square pile or timber to serve as a bearing plate for the pile cap and to which one or more angles may be attached for retaining the pile cap. 2. A frame that locks the hammer in the leads A load less than that which would cause objectional settlement, with a factor of safety as necessary to provide for variations in material, workmanship and loading. The safe load for a group of friction piles may be less than the sum of the safe loads for A factor modifying (reducing) overall capacity or strength as used in working stress design. (Usually having upper case symbol "F". Lower case symbols, "f", are used for factors in ultimate limit states design). The safety factor is defined as a ratio of The margin (dimensional) between mobilized resistance, applied load, or actual value, and maximum available resistance or acceptable value, e.g., the margin between the mobilized shear stress and the shear strength, or the margin between calculated settle A coarse grass growing in salt marsh areas; used for rough caulking of breast boarding and around cofferdams.
See Spoon Blows
The category of coarse-grained soil whose particles sizes range between about 0.07 mm and 5mm in diameter A horizontal member securing the piles in a bent. Calibrated device used to measure percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry. Percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry or drilling fluid. See Sand Cone. Vertical sand columns installed to speed drainage and rapid consolidation of marshy land. Also called Sand Pile and Sand Wick.
Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end diesel hammer Southern Building Code.
The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is to be accomplished to fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be compensated for said performance to complete a project. To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the circular orbits or fast flow of water
(See Helical Screw Anchor) A pile with spiral blade fixed on a shaft or a shaped precast pile, which is screwed into ground by a rotating force.
A work constructed along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel or reinforcing concrete sheet piling driven into the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as
A pile drilled so as to overlap, or cut into, an adjacent pile. A wall formed by a series of overlapping concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place, and generally reinforced with a steel core beam.
Slurry wall panel cast against previously concreted panels.
Soil particles deposited at the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts. Small quantity of water percolating through a soil deposit or soil structure such as an earth dam. The quantity of subsurface water leaking into a cofferdam or a building's underground ( basement) area.
Undesirable characteristic of concrete. Separation of the constitutents of the concrete mixture such that their distribution in the concrete is no longer uniform.
The method of determining subsurface soil and rock conditions (without excavation) by inducing a shock wave into the earth and measuring the velocity of the wave's travel through the earth material. This seismic velocity indicates the types of material it Instrument used to measure and record the motion of vibrating earth, typically consisting of three sensors on mutually perpendicular axes. Used to establish compliance and evaluate vibration impact. See also Seismometer. A device for monitoring the direction and intensity of vibration of ground or structures.
Concrete that achieves adequate compaction by its self-weight and the placement procedure without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is used for cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphragm walls where vibration of concret Concrete that achieves proper consolidation by its self-weight without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is typically used for flatwork, but is beginning to be used in deep foundations. The high fluidity of self- consolidating concrete makes the t
The ratio of a soil’s undisturbed strength to its disturbed strength.
1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of blows of a pile hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set, expressed in inches or millimeters per blow.
The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or slowly occuring compression of the soils located below the foundation unit or soil layer, when the compression is caused by an increase of effective stress due to an applied load o
Measuring points installed to monitor movement of ground, buildings, structures adjacent to deep excavations. Total downward of a pile or pile group under applied load. Settlement of a pile, measured at the top, after removal of test load The increase in resistance of a pile with time after driving.
U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable or chain lifting device to a load.
Pressurized injection of cement-based grout along portion of a pile shaft to improve condition or capacity. Mainly applied to wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts constructed under bentonite slurry The resistance mobilized on the shaft (side) of a deep foundation. Upward acting resistance is called positive shaft resistance. Downward acting is called negative shaft resistance (See also negative skin friction).
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied uplift load. Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied compressive load.
A foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads to soil or rock located close to the lowest part of the building.
The ability of a soil to resist shearing stresses developed within a soil mass as a result of loading imposed onto the soil See Head Block A pile that may form one of a continuous line or row of timber, precast concrete, or steel piles driven interlocked to provide a tight wall to exclude or resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials.
See Helical Metal Shell. Act of placing a corrugated shell on the core or mandrel before it is set for driving into the ground. See Doodle Hole. See Drive Cap See Marine Borer
Reinforcing plates added to flanges and possible web of H-section to reinforce the point to improve penetration into dense materials. See Pile Shoe. Running steel sheet piles up and down in the interlocks to insure they are free sliding before driving Detailed drawing expanding on information shown on design drawing. Work can be constructed from this drawing. 1. Support for the sides of any excavation. 2. Support for structure, especially in underpinning. See Bracing
See End Pipe.
Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction
A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways, Side Guides.
See Side Channels. Pan or tray-like equipment having a screen or mesh bottom; used in laboratory or field work to separate particles of a soil sample into their various sizes.
A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid line to supply oil to lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler.
Sheet pile installed by pressing (hydraulic action is commonly used) rather than vibration to avoid damage to adjacent structures.
A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from running or standing water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the fingers. Silt particles range in size from 0.002 to 0.074 mm. See Diesel Hammer, Open End.
A pile hammer in which motive fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and gravity alone acts on the down stroke. The metes and bounds of an area of earth designated for a project.
An overall description of the site for a project; ground cover, relative elevations, surrounding environment, the presence of surface water and the normal water table, soil borings, known history, as well as the available access and egress. See Soil Inves The appraisal of the general subsurface conditions by analysis of information gained by such methods as geological and geophysical surveys, in-situ testing, sampling, visual inspection, laboratory testing of samples of the subsurface materials, and ground Colloquial term. See Compound Inclination Pile. 1. A pile driving rig consisting of a fluid power supply, hoisting apparatus, pile hammer and leads, all mounted upon a common sled for movement on skids or rollers. Also called a Pile Frame. 2. A soil boring rig on skids for movement by pushing or drag See Shaft resistance.
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile as a result of movement of the soil along the pile and inducing compression in the pile. Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the soil that induces tension in the pile. An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of template supported timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free hanging.
Crumbling and disintegration of earth material when exposed to air and moisture.
A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve. An inside sleeve decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe O.D. A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit sleeve. An outside sleeve increases the O.D.
A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from sliding down a slope. Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling.
A viscous liquid (normally a bituminous coating) applied to the pile surface. It is expected to shear under the downward force of settling soil and minimize additional load from downdrag. See Negative Skin Friction.
Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide a slope-measuring device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground movement.
A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See MLT. Serviceablity Limit States. Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions.
A measure of workability (consistency) of fresh concrete - ASTM C143/C143M-05a Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. It is performed with a truncated cone 12 in. high, 4 in. diameter at the top and 8 in. diameter at the bottom, fill A mixture of water and clay (bentonite or mineral clay) or polymer in colloidal suspension. Used in excavated shafts or walls to suspend particles for removal while balancing soil pressure against sloughing. Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid to stabilize the excavation. Concrete is placed from the bottom up, displacing the slurry as the concrete surface rises within the excavation. Also referred to as the Wet-proce Individual trained and experienced in the mixing, cleaning and use of drilling slurries as well as all operations necessary to properly construct a slurry wall or cutoff wall. An excavation filled with bentonite slurry. Also, a trench backfilled with blended “impervious” soils or cement bentonite. Also, called a Slurry Wall.
An underground wall constructed by mechanical excavating techniques using bentonite slurry to maintain trench wall stability. Wall may be used as an underground water barrier (see Cutoff Wall) by filling with impervious materials such as concrete or mixt See Slurry Trench Wall. Soil which, when saturated, or near saturated, and subjected to a shearing force, will lose all or part of its strength. The dominant grain size fraction in this soil is usually medium and coarse silt. Soak-sensitive soil is frost- susceptible soil and, Embedment of a wall or foundation into a bearing and/or impervious strata.
See Drilled-in-Caisson.
The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some individual particles of a dried sample can be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision in soil that will resist movement and prestressed against a wall by an anchoring device. See Appendix C. A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth samples and exploring the subsurface conditions. The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration hole.
A dynamic soil resistance force that is a direct function of pile velocity. Often designated by "J" with a unit of measure of second/ft. According to Smith's definition, soil damping equals J x pile velocity x static soil resistance. See Geotechnical Engineer.
See Fill, Backfill. A study of the earth in the area of a foundation consisting of sampling, classification, preparation of logs of borings and a report setting forth conclusions and recommendations. It is basic to the design of foundations and is required by most up-to-dat
A ground improvement technique in which soil is mixed in place with augers while cement is added.
A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce and stabilize a soil mass. An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically shortcrete, to create a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical exposed face. A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails in the soil/rock face to increase its overall shear strength.
Material that rises inside an open-end pile as it is driven.
The resistance of the soil to penetration of a pile varies according to soil type and density. It is measured in terms of penetration or permanent set per number of blows, i.e. 20 blows per foot. Granular soils typically produce less resistance to a pile placed by vibrator, compared to a pile driven by hammer impact. Typically measured by rate of penetration (speed) i.e., mm/s. See Vibro-driveability.
The equipment used to extract soil samples from borings or test pits made in a subsurface investigation. Soil Screws™ are a type of helical anchorage in which the steel helix plates are attached to the central steel shaft at regular intervals along the entire length of the shaft. They are used as closely spaced linear reinforcing elements in gravity composi Treatment of soil to improve its properties; includes the mixing of additives and other means of alteration such as compaction or drainage. Also called Soil Improvement. A type of reinforced slurry wall panel with beam sections installed vertically into the wall. Also, called "SPTC" type of wall panel. A steel beam or pile section installed vertically into the wall to act as an end stop device or structural reinforcing for a panel. Also called a Soldier Pile.
A steel H or WF section driven (or placed in drilled hole) normally vertical, at intervals of several feet to hold horizontal lagging, which is installed to retain soil as excavation proceeds. Also called Soldier Beam.
The density of the solid particles in a soil.
A machine designed to drive piles using high frequency vibrations in the lower sonic range that cause the pile to resonate.
See cross-hole sonic logging A method of examining soil to 20 to 30 ft depth by driving or hydraulically pushing a cone, steel rod or small diameter pipe (gas pipe) into the ground with a hammer or maul. With experience, the movement of the rod or pipe under each hammer blow can giv Device attached to the face of a reinforcing cage to position the cage in the excavation, and provide the required concrete cover.
Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid density. Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and guidelines. Normally, Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results without detailing how to achieve them, whereas Compliance Specifications detail mandatory methods, materi
See Brace. A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile. Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral) joint welded into a tight seam. The joint of two pile segments.
A pile composed of two or more segments of equal or different sections secured end to end, to form one pile. See Composite Pile.
Earth, rock debris, etc. to be disposed of.
The blows of a 140 lb hammer falling 30 in. onto a 2 in. O.D. x 1 3/8 in. I.D. split-spoon sampler. See N Value.
See Brace. An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing stress per square foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock.
See Brace.
A fender so built that impact is taken up in part by steel springs, plates or rubber, or by elastic bending of the stucture. Standard Penetration Test. See N Value. 1. A short, strong member, driven and then removed, to break through a hard crust of material or to make a hole for inserting a pile which is too long for placing directly in the driver lead. 2. A moveable vertical pipe or H-section placed through a stron Devices bolted to a pile hammer to engage it with and permit it to slide along a spud lead. Sometimes called gib. A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called H-beam Lead, Monkey Stick, or Pony Lead. See Sketches, Appendix B. The act of opening a hole through dense material by dropping or driving a spud. Tubular precast reinforced concrete pile, hollow and open-ended. Commonly installed by driving with diesel hammer See Groin. See Inclined Pile. Fabricated steel points fastened to the very bottom of swinging box(U) leads, or H-beam leads.
Slurry used to support the sidewalls of a slurry trench excavation.
The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be driven. Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or drilled shafts to be used as support for Top-Down construction of below-grade structures. See N Value.
Testing axial compression capacity of a pile by applying load. Movement of the pile is measured during testing. ASTM D1143. See also Load Test.
Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied to the pile through a pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading occurs by controlled venting of pressure. Calibrated to provide equivalent static load-deflection plot. Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles and drawn together by bolts to pull the piles into line. See Box Lead.
A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. Also called H-Beam.
Pipe in any wall thickness or diameter; it may be driven closed end or open end. Also called Tube Pile A cast-in-place concrete pile formed by installing successively larger sections of corrugated shell or thin-wall pile; ordinarily installed with a mandrel that bears on a connector between lengths. A cuneiform pile. Plates welded between flanges of structural shapes to reinforce against concentrated loading, as for testing.
See Brace.
Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and vibro-displacement to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation.
See End Pipe. An excavation made into the ground in a series of steps or benches. Plates fastened between flanges of an H, or other steel pile at right angles to the vertical axis, for the purpose of increasing the pile's bearing area. See Lagged Pile.
See Banding.
Unindirectional force per unit area (Compare pressure).
The total stress in a particular direction minus the pore pressure. The length of a tieback or a tiedown that is not bonded to the surrounding soil or rock.
The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to the north. See also Dip. See Anvil. A cord used as a guide for straightness. A member at right angles to, and resting on or clamped to pile caps, forming a support for the superstructure.
The distance traveled up or down by the ram of a pile hammer.
1. A compression member extended horizontally form bent to bent, or pile to pile in a bent, and serving as a stiffening member. 2. A compression member extending from waler to support point which may be another waler or the ground. 3. See Brace.
See Settlement Point
Small excavation or pit provided in a low point of construction to serve as a collection basin for surface water and near surface underground water.
Usually a self-priming centrifugal type pump capable of handling water with high mud content. A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.
See illustration #6
See Settlement Point
The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the horizontal and vertical coordinates for the project, as defined by the design engineer.
A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point. Driving is done by a mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an assist from a shoulder on the exact length mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point Pile. Also called core d See Leads, Swinging. See Lead, Cardonic.
See Tube à Manchette. 1. Term used to describe small weld used for temporary purpose. 2. Phrase used to describe the act of hitting sheet piles down with haripin so they will have some penetration into the ground to stabilize the wall as used in "tack the sheets." A wall formed by a series of contiguous (tangent) concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place and generally reinforced with a steel core.
Pile with a taper.
A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides and fitted with a cast steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after installation. This pile is designed to carry heavy loads in friction in poor soils and is top dr See Caisson Hammer. A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet piles; rams are operated separately to push or pull a sheet while others furnish reaction. A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the hammer, and permits extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin, Pony Leads. Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified depth in comparison with movement of pile head at different applied loadings.
Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during construction, and not utilized in the permanent construction. Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage, corrosion protection, sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and centralizers
The head of a timber pile after being cut or shouldered to accommodate splicer or other devices.
See Uplift Capacity.
A pile designed to resist uplift.
See Marine Borer.
The criterion for when to terminate driving a pile. May be determined by depth of pile penetration, or by blow count per unit of penetration. Not to be confused with Refusal, the point at which a pile can be driven no further.
See Soil Boring.
See Load Test. 1. A pile driven to ascertain driving conditions and probable required lengths. 2. A pile on which a static or dynamic load test also may be made to determine its capacity and the carrying capacity of the soils. 3. A pile driven as a guide for efficie A method of examining soil by excavating a pit to permit direct examination of the materials in place and its degree of compaction, as well as permit test loads directly on what will be the foundation soils.
See Quick Test. See also ASTM D1143
See illustration #12.
Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel. See Swage Pile, Helical Shell.
The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to a viscous fluid when stirred or agitated. See Lace. A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow of fluid to a steam/air pile hammer.
1) A rod or cable grouted or fixed to an in-ground anchor to resist soil or other pressure on walls or structures. See Anchor Pile. 2) A system consisting of a Helical Screw Anchor, screw anchor extension shafts and a tieback plate used to resist soil o Device cast into the wall intended to permit the installation of a tieback through the wall and the transfer of the tieback load to the wall. Also, called tieback sleeve. A type of Tieback installed vertically to resist upward forces Dense heterogeneous mixture of fine-grained and coarse-grained material of glacial origin and compaction. It often contains significant quantities of boulders and cobbles. See Glacial Till and Hardpan. Instrument used to measure inclination of a structure. Typically used to monitor sensitive structures adjacent to excavation and construction sites.
A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other preservative, usually driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of pile.
See Pile Toe. See Pile Penetration.
Also called "base-grouting". Injection of cement-based grout at pile toe to improve condition or bearing capacity. Commonly applied for wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts in Europe and Asia. Soil resistance acting against the pile toe. Allowed variation from the design location of a foundation element or pile.
See Anvil. See Head Block. See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil See Anvil.
Method of constructing a structure from grade downward, constructing the roof and/or floor slabs of the structure in stages with excavation proceeding below the slabs. Typically a diaphragm wall or contiguous pile wall earth- retaining structure and stanch Rotational energy delivered by rotary type, hydraulic power driven torque motor used to screw helical anchorages/foundations into soil. The empirical relationship between rotational energy used to install a helical anchorage/foundation and its axial load capacity. The higher the installation torque, the higher the axial capacity of the installed helical anchorage/foundation.
An analysis using undrained soil parameters, and not separating the influence of pore water pressure. A proprietary precast concrete-tip pile with thin-shell shaft, driven with the aid of a mandrel. A structure constructed along a river of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, with or without a surmounting masonry wall, timber, close timber piling, wood sheet piling, steel sheet piling or reinforced concrete to direct the flow of the river into a more fav
The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over time of the product of force, velocity, and pile impedance.
1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower end of which is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water or slurry without washing out cement content. 2. The hopper and drop Concrete placed by the tremie method.
Pipe through which concrete is placed in a slurry-filled panel or shaft. Device placed in a tremie pipe, intended to minimize mixing of the concrete and slurry or water at the start of the concrete placement operation. See also Go-Devil, Rabbit
See Hydromill Excavator. A large heavy tool dropped on a line down a bore hole to advance the excavation in rock under water. 1. A temporary work bridge to provide access to work site and support equipment; frequently used in rivers for access to pier construction. 2. A timber, reinforced concrete or steel structure, which is used to support a pile rig during driving. 3. A bridg
See European Lead.
A type of drill bit that has three conical rollers equipped with rock-cutting teeth. Also called a Rock Roller bit 1. A block in the leads of a drop hammer causing the release of the weight at a predetermined height. 2. Mechanical device used in diesel hammer to both pick up the hammer and to start the hammer. Also called Trip Block or Tripping Device. Pile hammer lead fabricated with four main chords in a generally rectangular shape with the chords being connected by diagonal bracing. May have internal diagonals to form a tetrahedral design. The pile hammer is mounted in front of and rides on two of Title of computer wave equation program standing for Texas Transportation Institute, developed at Texas A & M University for the Federal Highway Administration. A steel pipe pile. Pipe with flexible rubber sleeves that cover pre-drilled holes in a pipe at specific intervals. Pressurized grouting through a packer forces grout through the holes past the flexible rubber sleeves into the ground outside for the purposes of strengthening
See Box Lead; Appendix B. Universal Building Code. Ultimate Limit States: A structural engineering design methodology that defines performance criteria (deflection, strength, settlement, etc.) that must be met when the structure is subjected to anticipated loading.
1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which unacceptable movement of the pile begins to occur. The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which the foundation will support without unacceptable movement. See Safe Load.
See ULS
The velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through concrete or grout is a function of the modulus and density of the material. UPV is therefore a useful guide to quality and uniformity, and can be used to identify anomalous zones in a deep foundation shaft. The Also called "dynamic force" and "rated driving force". See Illustration #9
A column of concrete placed and left in the ground without encasement. See Augered Pile. See Top-down Method.
Piles, piers, walls, sheet piling, or other supports added to or replacing foundations under an existing structure to preserve the integrity of the structure or increase its load capacity. Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called a Bell.
Driving a pile underwater by operating the hammer under water. Provisions must be made for hammer exhaust to the atmosphere for both steam or compressed air powered pile hammers.
A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil.
The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc. Typically expressed as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter, or kilograms per cubic meter. Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while simultaneously constructing the superstructure. The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to resist uplift and overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See Anchor Pile.
United States Department of Transportation.
A four-bladed vane is forced into undisturbed soil ahead of sampling tube and rotated so the soil shears. Peak and remolded shearing resistance is recorded.
See Continuous Flight Auger.
See Leads, Semifixed.
Geotechnical instrument used to measure strain in reinforcement or mass concrete of foundation or structural members such as cast-in-place bored piles, struts, etc.
A pile driving and extracting machine which is mechanically connected to a pile and drives or extracts the pile by oscillating it through the soil. Power source may be either electric or hydraulic. See Illustration #4 & 5.
See Vibratory Driver/Extractors
Ground improvement method in which loose granular soil at depth is densified by the vibrations generated by a vibratory probe inserted into the ground. Qualitative term to rate the predicted ease or difficulty of vibrating a pile into place, considering the soil conditions and vibrator type. Used to differentiate from "driveability". See illustration #14, Appendix B. Trade name for a means of densifying non-cohesive soils by deep vibration coupled with air or waterjetting. A Vibroflot is the instrument used, with an internal motor driving eccentric weights.
Measure of shear strength of a liquid. The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus void spaces (which in nature always exist between the particles because of their irregular shape). The void ratio is the ratio of the void space volume to the volume of soil solids
Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with the middle plank offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a corresponding groove on the other. See Sheet Pile. 1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support system to accept the load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts, shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip or fender on the face of docks.
The thickness of the metal of a pile. 1. A method of advancing a boring by means of rotary drilling utilizing water or a bentonite slurry to stabilize the sides of the opening. 2. A method of examining soil, usually in soft soil or clay, by driving a pipe into the ground and then inserting a
The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass to the weight of the soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage.
See Jetting.
The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called Groundwater.
The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements (cement and fly ash). Wall exhibiting a surface free of running water. Patches of moisture or beads of water, [like beads of sweat] may be evident, but free flowing water is not present throughout the wall surface.
A mathematical equation that describes the mechanics of force transmission along an elastic rod (pile) that has been subjected to a mass having a specific initial velocity from which the energy transmission and stress at any point along a pile being drive
The speed of propagation of a stress wave in a foundation shaft or pile. A graphic representation of a force or velocity measurement plotted against time.
See Side Channels.
Title of computer program standing for Wave Equation Analysis of Piles. Developed by GRL for the Federal Highway Administration. Also called GRLWEAP.
The perforated bottom end section of a well pipe which permits the groundwater to be drawn into the pipe for collection and disposal or use.
Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid. Prepared slurry such as Bentonite, or polymer or unprepared slurry such as water is commonly used as supporting fluid during drilling to stabilize the borehole. Also known as The World Federation of Engineering Organisations established with the support of UNESCO. It has eighty national engineering institutions as its members, who meet together every two years in the General Assembly of the supreme governing body. The generic term for a landing place or platform built at the edge or out into water for the berthing of vessels.
Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of speeding up consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a small anchor plate is installed with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The mandrel is installed by v Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than flange width, and flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile. Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to increase its bearing capacity. A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising reagent is injected to the desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a hollow auger shaft either during penetration or withdrawal. This process can form a single column or group
Flow characteristics of concrete. Important property of concrete for bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes and diaphragm walls if concrete placement is by tremie method or pumping. The slump test is most commonly used to assess workability.
See Design Load.
See Production Piles.
See Modulus of Elasticity.
FRENCH GERMAN SPANISH ITALIAN essai de réception Abnahmeprüfung test di accettazione
Bohrpfahl palo trivellato poussée des terres aktiver Erddruck empuje activo de spinta attiva del tierras terreno adaptateur Verbindungsstück adaptador adattatore, pezzo di connessione adjuvant Zusatzmittel aditivo additivo adhérence Adhäsion adhesión adesione produit d'addition, Beimischung, Zusatz material adiciónal additivazione, mélange addizione eau adsorbée adsorbiertes Wasser agua adsorbida acqua adsorbita
loess Löß loes loess
cadre triangulaire
inclinaison arrière
granulat (agrégat) Zuschlagstoff arido, agregado aggregati, inerti air Luft aire aria entraínement d'air Luftporenzusatz aire incluido, aire inglobamento d'aria atrapado manche á air, gaine Druckluftschlauch, manguera de aire tubo dell'aria Ansaugschlauch
extraction/élévateur à air comprimé
sas à air force portante limite zulässige carga admisible, valore di carico Tragfähigkeit carga de seguridad ammissibile del terreno force portante limite Pfahltragfähigkeit capacidad carico ammissibile su des pieux admisible de un palo pilote alluvions Alluvium aluvión alluvione tirant d'ancrage Anker ancoraggio tête d'ancrage Ankerkopf testa di ancoraggio poids mort Erdanker muerto ancoraggio, corpo morto rideau d'ancrage, mur Ankerwand muro de anclaje muro d'ancoraggio d'ancrage ancrage, plaque Verankerung, anclaje, placa de ancoraggio de'ancrage Verankern, anclaje Ankerplatte palplanche ancree verankerte tablestaca anclada muro di sostegno Spundwand ancorato ferrure angulaire
angle de talus naturel natürlicher ángulo de talud angolo di riposo Böschungswinkel natural anode Anode ánodo anodo anomalie enclume
longueur libre Rechnerische freie lunghezza libera équivalente Stahllänge apparente del trefolo contrainte appliquee auftretende tensión aplicada tensione applicata Spannung ecran, tablier, voile Dichtungsschürze pantalla, cortina
couche imperméable wasserundurchlässig acuicluso aquiclude e Schicht effet de voute Gewölbewirkung efecto de arco inacrcamento pression artésienne artesischer Druck presión artesiana pressione artesiana
pression au repos Erdruhedruck empuje en reposo pressione a riposo atomisation, par impact atomisation, par injection limites d'Atterberg Zustandsgrenzen límites de Atterberg limiti di Attreberg, nach Atterberg limiti di consistenza
méche, tariére Erdbohrer barrena de trivella, punta gusanillo elicoidale forage á la tariére Erdbohrung, sondeo con barrena foro trivellato Aufschlußbohrung pieu à la tarière Schneckenbohrpfahl palo trivellateo ad continue creuse (CFA) elica continua
pieu extrudé Bohrpfahl palo trivellato
Equipement de commande automatique
remblai Hinterfüllung, relleno chiudere, riempire, Verfüllung riempimento pelle rétrocaveuse ziehend arbeitender retroexcavadora escavatore a braccio Löffelbagger rovescio bague d'appui tube á sédiment, Schlammbüchse, cuchara de sondeo sessola gottazza curette Kiespumpe votazza, curetta structure de bande barrette Schlitzwandelement barrette
soulèvement Sohlenhebung, sollevamento del fondamental/de base Sohlauftrieb fondo rupture profonde Grundbruch corrimiento rottura della base profundo fondation Keller cimentación, sótano basamento pieu incliné Schrägpfahl pilote inclinado palo inclinato poultre Balken viga, vigueta trave capacité portante, Tragfähigkeit capacidad de capacità portante portance sustentación pieu porteur Tragpfahl, Druckpfahl pilote de palo portante compresión charge/pression sur Bodenpressung, presión unitaria pressione di appoggio les appuis Auflagedruck ejercida charge de sécurité, autorisée
surface de fatigue/de roulement cloison portante fond rocheux, assise Felsuntergrund roca firme roccia di base rocheuse cloche
aufgeweiteter ancoraggio a Injektionsanker campana Bohrpfahl mit cassone a campana Fußaufweiterung flexion Biegung flexión flessione moment fléchissant Biegemoment momento flector momento flettente bentonite Bentonit bentonita bentonite
berme Böschung, Berme berma berma
faire sauter sprengen volar far esplodere ressuage Absetzma segregazione ressuage/ségrégation
garnissage Aussparung, bloqueo bloccaggio, verkeilen intasamento
Rammschläge pro conto dei colpi Längeneinheit
Schlagzähler contacolpi
marais, marécage, Torf pantano palude fondriére
sable en boulance hydraulischer fenómeno de ebollizione di sabbia Grundbruch arenas vivas bollard boulon Bolzen perno vite, bullone adhérence du béton longueur engagée contrainte d'adhérence Verbundfestigkeit resistencia de resistenza per adherencia aderenza, adesione capot/abat-vent bôme, drome Ausleger, Trägergurt rimbombo braccio forage, sondage Bohrung, Bohrloch sondeo foro, sondaggio, trivellazione pieu foré Bohrpfahl pilote perforado pali trivellati diamétre de sondage Bohrlochdurchmesser diametro del foro di carotaggio 1- Forage 2- Sondage/carottage matériaux d'excavation Entnahmefüllmaterial material de materiali di prestito préstamo
Sohlenhebung, sollevamento del Sohlauftrieb fondo gros bloc Felsblock, Geröllstein, bolo trovante, blocco Findling argile de moraine á Geschiebemergel, arcilla glacial con argilla a blocchi, blocs Mergellehm bolos argilla morenica cadre, étai, entretoise, aussteifen, Steife riostra sostegno, puntello étançon
fouille étayée ausgesteifte excavación scavo contrastato Baugrube entibada (con puntelli) étayage, cadrage, Aussteifung arriostramiento puntellamento blindage
charge de rupture Bruchspannung tensión de rotura tensione di rottura parapet/mur Brüstung, Stützmauer muro di sostegno d'appui/épaulement crevage de piliers
flambement Knicken pandeo deformazione, schiacciamento bâtiment Gebäude, Bauwerk edificio costruzione, edificio réglement de Bauvorschriften código de la regolamento edilizio construction construcción chantier Baustelle ubicación de obra, terreno di costruzione tajo cantiere bulbe de constraintes Spannungskonzentrat bulbo de tensiones bulbo di distribuzione ion, "Druckzwiebel" delle tensioni injection de Hohlraumverfüllung comblement rideau de palplanches Verbau, Schott, ataguia de pared muratura di sostegno Böschungsmauer bulldozer Planiermaschine, bulldozer bulldozer, apripista Bulldozer sous-pression Auftrieb, subpresión, empuje spinta di Schwimmkraft galleggiamento poids volumique Wichte des Bodens peso específico peso di volume déjaugé unter Auftrieb sumergido immerso gros bout Pfahlkopf cabeza (de un testa pilote)
soutenir, arc-bouter Strebepfeiler, apuntalar sostenere Stützpfeiler, Bogenpfeiler, abstützen soudure bord à bord armature Bewehrungskorb armadura gabbia di armatura
caisson Senkkasten cajón cassone
calibrer, étalonner Eichung, Kalibrierung tarar calibrato
grappin encorbellement Auskragung Kragarm valadizo sbalzo rideau de palplanches unverankerte tablestacado sin palancolata a en porte à faux Spundbohlen anclar mensola, a sbalzo
Bloc de garniture
matériaux d'amortissement
Bloc de garniture capillarite Kapillarität capilaridad capillarità
analyse d'un cas Präzidenzfall, Vorbild, caso registrado casi precedenti Fallbeschreibung
trou de forage tubé verrohrtes Bohrloch sondeo entibado foro rivestito tubage Verrohrung camicia/tubolare tubage, tube de Verrohrung, tubo de entibación rivestimento, tubo di revetêment Futterrohr rivestimento paroi moulée en béton Ortbetonschlitzwand muro diaframma in calcestruzzo gettato in opera pieu moulé Ortbetonpfahl pilote "in situ" palo rivestito in opera, in sito
cathode Kathode cátodo catodo Protection cathodique
cavité Hohlraum cavidad cavità centimètre cube batardeau cellulaire Zellenfangedamm ataguia celular avandiga cellulare
coulis de ciment Zementsuspension, lechada de cemento iniezione cementizia, Zementmörtel boiacca di cemento centreur Zentrierer centralizzato centrifugeuse Zentrifuge centrifugadora centrifuga
chambre Kammer, Kaverne caverna camera résistance interne Charakteristischer resistenza interna caractéristique du tirant Innerer caratteristica di Ankerwiderstand ancoraggio charges (explosifs) Sprengstoff, cargas explosivas carica (esplosiva) Sprengladung injection chimique chemische Injektion inyección química iniezione chimica propriétés chimiques chemische propiedades proprietà chimiche Zusammensetzung químicas bague d'appui fleuret, burin Meißel cincel, puntero scalpello a percussione cale trépan à biseau Fallmeißel trépano punta tagliante
Guide de mandrin
foret à percussion/foreuse à câble
benne preneuse à Greifer cuchara bivalva benna bivalve deux coquilles argile Ton arcilla argilla
coupeuse d'argile clavette/liteau représentant technique Technischer rappresentante du client Bauherrnvertreter tecnico del cliente sol à grunulométrie gleichförmiger Boden suelo de ben gradato uniforme granulometría uniforme à grains grossiers grobkörnig de grano grueso a grana grossa à grains grossiers grobkörnig de grano grueso a grana grossa caillou/gallet Feldstein, Rollkiesel canto rodado ciottolo
coefficient de pression Erddruckbeiwert coeficiente de coefficiente di spinta du sol empuje de tierras del terreno
batardeau Fangedamm ataguia avandiga
cohésion Kohäsion cohesión coesione
non cohérent nicht bindig, no coherente, incoerente, non kohäsionslos incoherente coesivo, granulare collëides Kolloid coloides colloidi poteau Stütze, Pfeiler, Säule columna colonna, pilastro
compacter dichtgelagert; apisonar compatto verdichten compatibilité Verdichtbarkeit compactibilidad compattabilità pieu en béton compacté compactage injection solide Verdichtungsinjektion iniezione di (Kompaktionsinjektion compattazione ) pieux battus pour Verdichtungspfahl pilotes de pali di compattazione compacter le sol compactación pieux mixtes Verbundpfahl pilotes compuestos pali compositi
air comprimé Druckluft aire comprimido aria compressa compression Druck compresión compressione
pieu en compression Druckpfahl palo a compressione
onde de compression Druckwelle onda de onda di compressione compresión compresseur Kompressor compresor compressore
charge concentree konzentrierte Last, carga concentrada carico concentrato Einzellast béton (armé) Stahlbeton hormigón armado, calcestruzzo (armato) concreto armado dosage du béton revêtement en béton pieu en béton Betonpfahl pilote de hormigón palo in calcestruzzo coulage du béton Betonierung hormigonado getto di calcestruzzo tube plongeur Betonierrohr palo di calcestruzzo pénétromètre à cône Kegeldruckmeßgerät penetrómetro de penetrometro a punta cono conica essai de compression Druckversuch mit ensayo de prova di dans une enceinte verhinderter compresión compressione rigide Querdehnung confinata conglomérat Konglomerat conglomerado conglomerato consolider setzen, verdichten consolidar consolidato consolidation vitesse de charge gleichmässige progresión uniforme velocità di carico constante Laststeigerung de la carga costante essai de chargement à weggesteuerte prova penetrometrica vitesse de' Probebelastung a velocità di enforcement constante avanzamento costante injection de contact Kontaktinjecktion iniezione da contatto pression de contact Berührungsdruck, presión de contacto pressione di contatto Sohlpressung conteneur, cadre Behälter contenedor container
pieu à la tarière Schneckenbohrpfahl palo trivellateo ad continue creuse (CFA) elica continua joint de retrait entrepreneur Unternehmer contratista impresario tir contrôlé gerichtete Sprengung voladura controlada esplosione controllata
transporteur Förderband, Förderer transportador trasportatore carotte de sondage Kern, Bohrkern testigo foro, campione di trivellazione, carota pieu de sondage gekernter Pfahl palo carotato coupleur Koppelelement gancio couverture Betondeckung recubrimiento copertura
fissure, crevasse Riß fisura fessura, rottura berceau, marteau fluer, fluage, creep kriechen reptar scorrimento vitesse limite de fluage Grenzkriechmaß limite di creep pieux en bois traités à Holzpfahl mit Creosot pilotes de madera pali in legno lubrificato la créosote imprägniert creosotada (con creosoto)
équipe de montage cabane/hutte mur gabionné Krippenwand, Wand muro jaula muro a sacco (Holzsenkkasten) traction critique de Kritische Kriechkraft carico limite di creep fluage traverse/crosse
faire entrer de force
barrette cruciforme pierre broyée, roc- Schotter, piedra machacada pietre frantumate gebrochenes Material pieu en forme de coin voile d'étanchéité Dichtungsschürze pantalla cortina impermeable, - lateral mur suspendu
matelassage, abschirmen, almohadillado antivibrazione, amortissement abdämpfen ammortizzare blocs amortisseurs/de garniture
matelassage, abschirmen, almohadillado antivibrazione, amortissement abdämpfen ammortizzare tranchée, déblai Einschnitt trinchera taglio découpage/décolletag e mur parafouille, radier Dichtungswand, rastrillo diaframma Abschlußwand impermeable emporte - pièce/bague Schneidering anillo cortante anello di taglio coupante
cyclone cylindre Zylinder cilindro cilindro
barrage Talsperre, Staudamm presa diga Facteur d'amortissement
traction de référence Vorbelastung carico di riferimento poids mort Eigengewicht peso propio carico permanente poids mort Erdanker muerto ancoraggio, corpo morto temps de descente Zersetzungszeit, tiempo de atraso tempo di decadimento Abklingzeit roche décomposée zersetztes Gestein roca descompuesta roccia decomposta décompression Druckentlastung descompresión decompressione décroissement par tranches foundation profonde Tiefgründung cimentación fondazione profonda profunda
flèche/déviation Durchbiegung flecha, flessione desplazamiento déformation Verformung deformación deformazione degré de compactage Verdichtungsgrad grado de apisonado grado di compattazione degré de saturation Sättigungsgrad grado de saturación grado di saturazione retard Verzögerung atraso ritardo poids volumétrique Dichte densidad densità, peso di volume unitario
poids volumétrique Dichte densidad densità, peso di volume unitario dépôt Ablagerung depósito deposito profondeur de stabilité profondeur de la Gründungstiefe profundidad de profondità di fondation cimentación fondazione profondeur de fiche Eindringtiefe profundidad de profondità di penetración penetrazione désableur installation de désablage dessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazione dessiccation Austrocknung desecación disseccazione conception, projet Bemessung, Entwurf, diseño progetto Konstruktion
charge de projet Belastungsannahme carga de proyecto carico di progetto détails Einzelheiten, Detaile planos de detalle dettaglio détérioration Zerfall deterioro deterioramento détonation Sprengung detonación detonazione variation appareil Vorrichtung aparato attrezzatura épuisement/assèchem Wasserhaltung, agotamiento prosciugamento, ent Entwässerung aggottamento
écran/diaphragme Scheibe, diafragma, pantalla diaframma Abschlußwand, flexible Dichtung rideau souterrain
marteau diesel cognement comme un diesel tassement différentiel Setzungsdifferenz, asiento diferencial cedimento ungleichmäßiges differenziale Setzen
digue/barrage inclinaison einfallen, steichen inclinación inclinazione
désintégration Zerfall, desintegración disintegrazione Auseinanderfallen déplacement Verschiebung, corrimiento, spostamento Fördermenge desplazamiento (Pumpe) injection avec Verdrängungsinjektio iniezione dislocante/ déplacement du sol n per spostamento pieu de déplacement Verdrängungspfahl, pilote de palo infisso Mantelreibungspfahl desplazamiento charge répartie Verteilte Last carga repartida carico distribuito
échantillon remanié gestörte Probe muestra alterada campione disturbato dérivation Umleitung, Ablenkung desvio deviazione dock Dock muelle molo, bacino équipe de montage pieu avec défaut de surface tasseau/faux pieux
duc d'Albe Dalbe duque de Alba boa d'ormeggio, pilone di ormeggio
palplanches doubles batardeau Doppelwandfangeda ataguia de doble avandiga a doppio mm pared muro marteau pilon à double effet cheviller
drague Sog, Schleppe arrastrar draga pelle-dragline Schleppkübelbagger dragalina gru a cingoli saignée d'écoulement affaissement Absenkung descenso del nivel sfruttamento de agua draguer Naßbagger dragar dragare dragage dérive Strömung, Stollen, deriva, galería traiettoria Bohrlochabweichung dérive Strömung, Stollen, deriva, galería traiettoria Bohrlochabweichung boulon de serrage
forer Bohrer, Bohrgerät sondear trapano, perforatrice trou de forage Bohrloch sondeo pozzo in corso di perforazione, foro di perforazione pieu foré
pieux forés Bohrpfahl pilotes de pali trivellati perforación
forage Bohren trivellare fluid deforage/boue de Spulflussigkeit, liquido /fango di forage Bohrspülung trivellazione boue de forage Bohrflüssigkeit, fango de sondeos fluido di perforazione Bohrspülung boue de forage Dickspülung, lodo de perforación fango di perforazione Bohrschlamm outillage de sondage Bohrgerät equipo de sondeo attrezzatura di perforazione foncer rammen, abteufen hincar battere pointe de fonçage Rammschuh azuche scarpa d'infissione, scarpa di battitura tube de fonçage Vortreibrohr/Rammro camicia d'infissione hr casque d'ajustement serré pieu battu Rammpfahl pilote hincado palo infisso, palo battuto fonçage Einbringen/Eintrieben infiggere, battere
fréquence d'attaque/fréquence pilote rapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione point d'application rapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione résistance dynamique Rammwiderstand resistencia a la resistenza au battage penetración all'infissione essai de battage Rammversuch ensayo de prova d'infissione, penetración prova di battitura mouton à déclic Rammfallbär, maza maglio Freifallhammer densité sèche, poids Trockendichte densidad seca densità secca, peso di volumetrique sec volume secco
poids volumetrique sec Trockengewicht peso seco peso secco remblayage à sec méthode par voie sèche ductile Streckbarkeit, ductilidad duttilità Duktilität
durabilite Dauerfestigkeit durabilidad durabilità
digue Deich dique argine, diga compactage dynamique force dynamique essai de chargement dynamische test di carico dinamico dynamique Probeelastung charge dynamique dynamische carga dinámica carico dinamico Belastung
essai de chargement dynamischer test dinamico sul palo dynamique de pieu Pfahlversuch sondage dynamique Echoloten, ensayo dinámico de prova di penetrazione Rammsoudierung penetración dinamica essai dynamique dynamische Prüfung ensayo dinámico prova dinamica
tarière
poussée des terres Erddruck empuje de tierras spinta del terreno
charge excentrée exzentrische carga excéntrica carico eccentrico Belastung moment excentrique excentricite Exzentrizitaet excentricidad eccentricita pression effective wirksame presión efectiva pressione efficace Druckspannung deformation élastique elastische Dehnung deformación deformazione elastica elástica module d'élasticité Elastizitätsmodul módulo de modulo elastico elasticidad électrode Elektrode electrodo elettrodo électro-osmose Elektro-Osmose electroosmosis elettro-osmosi élévation remblai Aufschüttung, Damm terraplen terrapieno, rilevato enrober einbetten incluir inserire, incorporare, incastrare encastrement protection Korrosionsschutzumh incapsulare üllung emboîtement palier de bout
pieu résistant à la Spitzendruckpfahl pilote resistente por palo portante di punta pointe la punta pertes d'énergie Energieverlust pérdidas perdite di energia energéticas génie civil Ingenieurwesen ingeniería ingegneria géologie appliquée Ingenieurgeologie geología ingenieril geologia applicata
base élargie
base élargie Fußaufweitung punta allargata air inclus eingeschlossene Luft aire incluido aria inglobata résines époxy Kunstharz resinas epoxis epossidi
équilibre Gleichgewicht equilibrio equilibrio équipement Gerät, Ausrüstung equipo equipaggiamento, attrezzatura
évaporation Verdunstung evaporación evaporazione déblais Aushubmaterial material excavado materiale escavato excavation Baugrube, excavación escavazione, scavo Ausschachtung, Bodenaushub excavateur Trockenbagger excavadora escavatore surpression interstitielle hydrostatischer sobrepresión pressione idrostatica Überdruck eccedente orifices d'échappement pieu expansé
explosifs Spengstoff explosivos esplosivi force explosive extension, spirale
extenssomètre/jauge de contrainte résistance externe du Herausziehwiderstan resistenza esterna di tirant d des Ankers ancoraggio extraction, prélèvement Herausziehen extracción estrazione extracteur
coefficient de sécurité Sicherheitsfaktor coeficiente de coefficiente de seguridad sicurezza résistance pondérée de portée charge pondérée résistance pondérée
rupture Versagen, Bruch rotura rottura, avaria charge de rupture Bruchbelastung, carga de rotura carico di rottura Grenzlast
surface de rupture Bruchfläche superficie de rotura superficie di rottura faux pieu
prise incomplète "falsche" Erstarrung fraguado falsa presa des Frischbetons incompleto échafaudage de coffrage fascine Flechtwerk, Buhne fajina fascina
faille Verwerfung falla faglia, fagliamento butoirs/heurtoirs
remblayage Auffüllboden, relleno riempimento, riporto Aufschüttung filler Füller filler filler, materiale inerte di additivazione remplissage gravitaire Verfüllen riempimento filtre Filter, Filterschicht filtro filtro tourteau de filtration
perte de produit de filtrage
fines Feinsand, Feinstoffe finos fini métode des éléments Finite-Elemente método de metodo degli elementi finis Berechnungsmethode elementos finitos finiti fond solide fester Grund terreno firme base stabile, fondo fisso éclisse trépan/queue de poisson
injection de fissure Kluftinjektion longueur de scellement Krafteintragungslänge lunghezza d'incastro du tirant di ancoraggio
Einspannmoment momento de incastro perfetto empotramiento perfecto fondation flexible elastiche Gründung cimentación flexible fondazione flessibile résistance à la flexion Biegefestigkeit resistencia a la forza di flessione, flexión resistenza a flessione fondation sur pieux schwimmende pilotaje flotante fondazione sospesa flottants Pfahlgründung su pali floculé flockenartig floculado flocculante sol Decke, Geschoß, piso, planta piano Etage flottaison Flotation flotación flottazione , galleggiamento écoulement Strömung, Abfluß, flujo flusso Durchfluß réseau de lignes de Stromliniennetz red de filtración rete di flusso courant
ligne d'écoulement/ligne de coulée énergie hydraulique cendres volantes Flugasche ceniza volante ceneri volanti marteau mobile
foliation Schieferung foliación fogliazione
faux pieu (Ramm) jungfer, seguidor prolungi di battitura Schlagjungfer
semelle/embase Fundament zapata base d'appoggio, fondazione, plinto coup selon système pied-livre chef d'équipe formation Formung, Aufbau, formación formazione Schichtung fondation Gründung, cimentación, fondazione Fundament cimiento
fracture Bruch fractura frattura treillis Rahmen pórtico telaio longueur libre du tirant Freie Ankerlänge lunghezza libera di ancoraggio gel, gelée fossé couvert/drain à cailloux/drainage par rigoles remplies de matières filtrantes fréquence Häufigkeit, Frequenz, frecuencia frequenza Schwingzahl eau douce Süßwasser agua dulce acqua dolce roche friable bröckliges Gestein roca friable roccia friabile frottement Reibung rozamiento, fricción attrito pieu flottant Reibungspfahl pilote flotante palo portante per attrito
gel, gelée Frost helada gelo limite de gel/de givrage action du gel
gonflement dû au gel Frosthebung entumecimiento por sollevamento per gelo la helada
vanne Tor compuerta saracinesca jauge Messuhr aparato de medida indicatore, misuratore géologie Geologie geología geologia exploration geophysikalische prospección indagine geofisica géophysique Untersuchung geofísica géologue géotechnique Geotechnik geotecnia geotecnica réglette de guidage/clavette de calage traverse d'échafaudage
poutre Träger viga trave portante, trave maestra dépôt glaciaire Eiszeitablagerung depósito glacial deposito glaciale dépôt des riviéres eiszeitliche aluvión glacial dilavamento glaciale, glaciaires Flußablagerung deposito morenico argile à moraines
furet/scraper grappin gradation Abstufung, granulometría gradazione Kornverteilung
niveleuse Strassenhobel niveladora classificatore, maicchina spianatrice forme des grains Kornform forma de las forma dei grani partículas diamétre des grains Korngröße diámetro de los granulometria granos gravier Geröll, Schotter grava ghiaia injection gravitaire drucklose Verfüllung iniezione a gravità mouton sec Freifallhammer maza de gravedad martello a gravità, maglio a caduta libera
treillis de poutres poutres croisées
Fundament mit emparrillado piattaforma di Profileisenraster fondazione reticolo di fondazione broyer/triturer/ moudre zermahlen moler macinare sable grossier en épi niveau du sol Geländehöhe nivel del suelo livello del terreno
surface du terrain Geländeoberfläche superficie del superficie del terreno naturel terreno natural
eau souterraine/nappe Grundwasser agua subterranea acqua di falda souterraine surface de le nappe souterraine
effet de groupe Gruppeneffekt efecto de grupo effetto di gruppo lait de ciment / coulis Verpreßmörtel / lechada (para cemento liquido/ Zementmörtel inyección) iniezione voile d'injection Dichtungsschleier pantalla de cortina d'iniezione inyección
injecter Zementmörtel inyectar iniettare injezieren
injection sous pression Verpressen iniettare pression d'injection Injektionsdruck pressione di iniezione butoirs/heurtoirs
murettes-guides Leitwände muro guida
hauban derrick maintenu par des tirants
mouton/marteau Hammer, Ramme, martillo, martinete martello Rammbär
trépan benne
pince levier à riper sol dur impénétrable fester Boden costra cementada, hardpan, livello molto oberhalb von "hardpan" cementato, crosta gewachsenem Fels dura installation de Transportgeräte material de attrezzatura transporte transporte d'avanzamento risque Gerfahr riesgo pericolo, rischio poutre en double T/poutre en I
coin de serrage couronnement d'un Stirnwand muro di testa mur chaleur d'hydratation Hydrationswäme calor de hidratación calore d'idratazione se soulever Hebung levantarse sollevamento, innalzamento extracteur de carotte hélicoïdal point d'ancrage hélicoïdal tarière, mèche Schneckenbohrer barrena salomónica trivella ad elica faux pieu/casque de battage hétérogène verschiedenartig, heterogeneo eterogeneo heterogen
machine d'extraction
homogène gleichartig, homogen homogeneo omogeneo pression horizontale horizontaler Erddruck empuje de tierras spinta orizzontale del (poussée) horizontal terreno pieux à section en H-Profilpfahl pilotes en H palo con putrella a forme d'H doppio T Affaissement
Conductivité remblai hydraulique aufgespülter Boden relleno hidráulico riempimento idraulico fracturation Hydraulische fratturazione idraulica hydraulique (injection Rissbildung de claquage) (Claquage) grappin
Marteau hydraulique hydrologie Hydrologie hidrología idrologia
pression du liquide/chute d'eau glace et neige Eis und Schnee hielo y nieve ghiaccio e neve impact Aufprall, Stoß impacto impatto
impédance imperméable undurchlässig impermeable impenetrabile imperméable undurchlässig impermeable impenetrabile tapis imperméable Dichtungsschicht manto impermeable copertura impenetrabile
pieu incliné boussole d'inclinaison/inclinomèt re
index Inhaltsverzeichnis, índice indice Index durci verhärtet endurecido indurito déformation non nicht-elastische deformación deformazione non élastique Verformung inelástica elastica infilration Einsickerung, infiltración infiltrazione Versickerung ligne d'influence
prise iniciale Abbindebeginn fraguado inicial inizio di presa
entrée, accès Eingang, Zugang, entrada immissione, entrata Bucht ouverture/orifice d'entrée pression d'alimentation sol inorganique anorganischer Boden suelo inorgánico terreno inorganico
sur le terrain/in situ pieu coulé sur place résistance en place Festigkeit an Ort und resistencia in situ resistenza in sito Stelle essai in situ Prüfung an Ortund ensayo in situ test in sito, prova in Stelle sito inspection Banüberwachung inspección ispezione inspecteur instruments de mesure Meßgerätausrüstung instrumentación strumentazione instruments de mesure Meßgerätausrüstung instrumentación strumentazione
matrice rocheuse ungestörtes Gestein roca sana roccia intatta essai d'intégrité Integritätsprüfung test d'integrità intergranulaire zwischen den intergranular intergranulare Bodenkörnern crochets des joints des Spundbohlenschloß enclavamiento de collegamento tra palplanches las tablestacas palancole métalliques frottement interne innere Reibung rozamiento interno attrito interno
radier Sohle invert arco rovescio essai préalable Untersuchungsprüfun test d'indagine g cric, vérin Winde, Presse gato, gata martinetto pieux vérinés hydraulisch pilotes hincados a pali precompressi eingepresster presión Fertigpfahl vérinage
appareil de levage hydraulische aparato de attrezzatura di Pressgeräte elevación precompressione mâchoires jet, réacteur Düse chorro getto
pieux lancés eingespülter Pfahl pilotes hincados pali iniettati con lanza de agua
jetée/brise-lames/môle
joint Fuge junta giunto réseau de fractures Fugenanordung patrón de diaclasi diaclasamiento karst Karst karst carsico tige
contre-poids clavette kilonewton pieu central poinçon de faîte kilopound/1000 livres
brêler
brêlage pieu enrobé retard, déphasage Holzbohlen entrablonado, parete di tavole tablones de revestimiento
bouillie de ciment terre Land tierra terra glissement de terrain Erdrutschung corrimiento de frana, scivolamento di tierras terreno forces latérales seitliche Belastung fuerzas laterales forze laterali charge latérale pression latérale Seitendruck presión lateral pressione laterale, spinta laterale support latéral seitliche Abstützung sostén lateral supporto laterale, sostegno laterale couche Schicht capa strato délaver auslaugen, lixiviar lisciva durchsickern
arête avant/bord d'attaque perte par Leckstelle, perdida por perdita, percolato infiltration/fuite/défaut Undichtigkeit filtración d'étanchéité béton faiblement dosé en ciment levée Schutzdamm malecón argine, diga bras de levier Hebelarm brazo de palanca braccio di leva élingue de levage aggrégats légers Leichtgewichtzuschla agregados ligeros aggregati leggeri gstoff
chaux, pierre calcaire Kalk, Kalkstein cal calce, calcare calcul limite Grenzlastverfahren análisis del estado analisi limite límite graisseur/lubrificateur gaine, chemise Hülse, Mantelrohr rivestimento, incamiciatura
tubage Auskleidung entibación rivestire, incamiciare fluidification
rupture par liquéfaction Versagen durch corrimiento por rottura per Bodenverflüssigung liquefacción liquefazione liquide flüssig, Flüssigkeit líquido liquido limite de liquidité Fließgrenze límite líquido limite di liquidità indice de liquidité Fließkennzahl índice de fluidez indice di liquidità surcharge Verkehrslast sobrecarga carico accidentale, sovraccarico charge Last, Ladung carga carico élément porteur Tragglied elemento di capacità portante capacité portante Bodenpressungstragf capacidad de carga capacità portante ähigkeit facteur de chargement Belastungsfaktor, factor de carga fattore di carico Sicherheitsfaktor appareil mesurant les Belastungsanzeiger testigo de cargas indicatore di carico charges accroissement de Laststufe incremento de incremento di carico charge carga perte de tension Grenzkraftabfall perdita di carico limite admissible essai de charge, Belastungsversuch ensayo de carga prova di carico épreuve de charge
chargeur Ladegerät máquina cargadora caricatore, draga di caricamento chargement et Lastwechsel, Be-und carga y descarga carico e scarico déchargement Entladen poutre d'essai Belastungsrahmen aparato de carga attrezzatura di carico déchargement essai statique courbe de charge Lastsetzungskurve curva de cargas- curva carico- asientos cedimento courbe de charge Lastsetzungskurve curva de cargas- curva carico- asientos cedimento terre glaise Lehm tierra arcillosa ligera terriccio, argilla da mattoni écluse Schleuse, Schloß esclusa serratura , chiusura traction de blocage Festlegekraft bloccaggio/ carico di blocco loess Löß loes loess bûches Tagebuch, Kantholz, troncos, leños registrazione dei dati Holzklotz di perforazione meuble locker flojo sciolto
ciment à faible chaleur Zement mit niedriger cemento de bajo cemento a basso d'hydratation Abbindewärme calor de hidratación calore d'idratazione
graisser schmieren, ölen, engrasar, lubricar lubrificare, ingrassare einfetten graisseur/lubrificateur
remblai aufgeschütteter terreno de relleno terreno di riporto Boden essai de chargement lastgesteuerte carico di prova par palier Probebelastung costante
mandrin/burin
manchon, chemise Mantel, Hülle, manguito manicotto del Verbindungsmuffe mandrino taret/tarrède/ver de bateaux/xylophage marin dépôt marin Meeresablagerung depósito marino deposito marino repère Festpunkt, Spur referencia fija, traccia, caposaldo di marca de referencia livellazione marne Mergel marga marna marais Sumpf, Marsch pantano palude, pantano
gros béton Massenbeton hormigón en masa, calcetruzzo massivo concreto en masa fondation sur radier Fundamentplatte cimentación flotante fondazione a piastra (a platea)
mesure Aufmaß medición, medida misura membrane Membrane membrana membrana maille Masche malla apertura della maglia, rete
micropieu Mikropfahl pali radice, micro pali
assemblage, Verbindung giunto del micro palo connexion de micropieu minéraux Mineral, Gestein minerales minerali mélangé sur place an Ort und Stelle mezclado "in situ" mescolato in posto, gemischt miscelato insito mélangeur Mischer mesclador, agitador miscelatore, mescolatore installation de mélange matériel mobile bewegliches Gerät, equipo móvil attrezzatura mobile transportable Ausrüstung module d'élasticité Elastizitätsmodul módulo de modulo di elasticità elasticidad module de réaction Erdwiderstandsmodul coeficiente de modulo di sottofondo , Bettungszahl balasto humide feucht húmedo umido teneur en eau Feuchtigkeitsgehalt humedad umidità moment d'inertie Trägheitsmoment momento de inercia momento d'inerzia mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
montmorillonite
pieu d'amarrage moraine Moräne morrena morena mortier Mörtel mortero malta marbré geadert veteado screziato, variegato, varicolore boue, vase Schlamm barro fango, fango organico
boue, vase Schlamm barro fango, fango organico tourteau de filtration
injection d'argile Hohlrauminjektion inyección de arcilla iniezione di miscele a base di argilla vague de boue Schlammwelle ola de fango onda di fango abattage à banquettes Stufensprengung voladura de brillamento su più multiples banqueo por etapas banchi
abattage à files Reihensprengung voladura de brillamento su più file multiples banqueo por lineas injection sous pression Nachverpressen iniezione a più stadi, repetée riprese bâtiment mehrstöckiges edificio alto edificio alto, edificio Gebäude multipiano
teneur en eau naturelle natürlicher humedad natural umidità naturale , Wassergehalt, contenuto d'acqua Feuchtigkeitsgehalt naturale étranglement poutre à aiguille
espacement des aiguilles
sous-pression de l'eau negativer presión intersticial pressione dei pori interstitielle Porenwasserdruck negativa negativa frottement latéral negative resistenza all'attrito négatif Mantelreibung negativa
ligne de limite d'écoulement
mamelon Nippel nipplo essais non destructifs zerstörungsfreie ensayos no prove non distruttive Prüfung destructivos injection sans Verdrängungsfreie iniezione non déplacement du sol injektion (Injektion dislocante ohne Baugrundverdrängun g) consolidé normalement normalkonsolidiert consolidado normalmente normalmente consolidato puits d'observation Beobachtungsbrunne pozo de pozzo d'osservazione, n observación pozzo spia
graisseur/lubrificateur
pieu oméga
caisson ouvert offener Senkkasten cajon abierto cassone aperto tranchée ouverte nichtausgesteifte excavación abierta scavo aperto, trincea Baugrube benne polype
matèria organica organische Stoffe materia orgánica materiale organico
oscillateur Oszillator oscilador oscillatore
osmose Osmose osmosis osmosi
affleurement (géol.) zutageliegend afloramiento (geol.) affioramento plaine d'alluvions Kiesfeld, Sandfeld llanura aluvial superficie di dilavamento, piana fluvioglaciale surexcavation Mehraushub sobreexcavación sovrascavo surabattage Mehrausbruch sobreexcavación sovrascavo surcharge Überlagerung, montera, terreno di copertura Deckschicht sobrecarga de tierra
surconsolidé überkonsolidiert apisonado en sovraconsolidato exceso enfonçage trop avant
surcharge Überlastung sobrecarga sovraccarico excédent de contrainte Überschreiten der exceso de tensión sovrasollecitazione zulässigen Spannungen pression manométrique en psi coussin/patin panneau Schlitzwandelement pannello
dimension des grains Teilchengröße dimensión de los granulometria, granos dimensione delle particelle vitesse des grains pression de butée Erdwiderstand, empuje pasivo de spinta passiva del passiver Erddruck tierras terreno
graviers roulés erbsengroßer Kies pinoncillo tondo pisello (ghiaino) résistance maximale Spitzenscherkraftfesti resistencia máxima resistenza al taglio di au cisaillement gkeit al corte picco tourbe Torf turba torba croc à levier/grappin caillou/pierraille Kieselstein morrillos ciottolo socle, pédestal Sockel pedestal piedestallo
écorcé/déroulé injection de pénétration Eindringinjektion iniezione a penetrazione protocole de Rammprotokoll parte de hinca registrazione pénétration dell'avanzamento résistance à la Eindringungswidersta resistencia a la resistenza pénétration nd penetración all'avanzamento essai de pénétration Rammsondenversuch ensayo de prova di penetrazione penetración
appareil pénétromètre Eindringungsmesser penetrómetro penetrometro pourcentage en poids Gewichtsprozente tanto por ciento en percentuale in peso peso, porcentage en peso nappe d'eau gespannter nivel de aguas falda idrica sospesa suspendue Grundwasserspiegel colgadas filtration Versickerung, fibración percolazione Porenwasserströmun g sondage à percussion Schlagbohrung sondeo de trépano perforazione a percussione rendement mécanique gel permanent Dauerfrost terreno helado permafrost, gelo permanentemente perenne tirant d'ancrage Daueranker ancoraggio permanent permanente perméabilité Durchlässigkeit, permeabilidad permeabilità Permeabilität injection Poreninjektion iniezione di d'imprégnation (Imprägntion durch permeazione Porenverfüllung) (impregnante) pH (potentiel Hydrogène) ligne phréatique, Sickerlinie, - linea freática superficie freatica niveau -- oberfläche pilier/jetée/môle/quai
fondation ou base Pfeilergründung arranque de un fondazione di pile, d'une jetée ou d'un espigón fondazione a pozzo puits piézomètre Pegel piezometro piezometro
hauteur, charge Pegelhöhe altura piezométrica altezza piezometrica piézométrique surface piézométrique Pegelniveau nivel piezométrico superficie piezometrica furet/râcleur pieu Pfahl palo
sonnette Rammgerüst machina attrezzatura per l'infissione dei pali pouvoir portant des Pfahltragfähigkeit carga de capacità portante del pieux hundimiento de un palo pilote
casque (pieux) Pfahlkopfplatte encepado piastra di collegamento di pali, pulvino
engin de battage/membre du personnel de l'équipe de battage battage de pieux Pfahlrammen hinca de pilotes infissione di pali, battitura di pali formule de battage Rammformel fórmula de hinca formula dinamica per pali infissi resistance d'un pieu au Rammwiderstand resistencia resistenza battage dinámica de un all'infissione dei pali pilote
extraction d'un pieu Pfahlziehen extracción de estrazione dei pali pilotes extracteur de pieux/engin d'arrachage
foundation sur pieux Pfahlgründung cimentación por fondazione su pali pilotaje grillage sur pilotis groupe de pieux Pfahlgruppe grupo de pilotes gruppo di pali mouton Pfahlrammhammer, maza de hinca de martello battipalo, Rammbär pilotes maglio da battipalo
arrache-pieux
essai de chargement Pfahlbelastungsversu ensayo de carga prova di carico su pali de pieu ch sobre pilotes mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
tuyau Rohr tubo canale, tubazione
pipeline/canalisation Rohrleitung oleoducto condotto, tubazione renard (érosion Rohrnetz, Verrohrung sifonamiento sifonamento interne) piston sonde à piston Hohlkolbenprobeentn tomamuestras de campionatore a ehmer pistón pistone fosse, puits Grube, Baugrube préstamo, foso buca, cava, scavo, pozzetto
déblais Boden aus der Grube todo uno materiale escavato
surface de moindre schwache plano de debilidad piano di debolezza résistance Schnittebene déformation plane ebener deformación plana deformazione piana Verformungszustand béton plastique Tonbeton calcestruzzo plastico paroi moulée en béton Tonbetonschlitzwand muro di calcestruzzo plastique plastico déformation plastique plastische deformación deformazione plastica Verformung plástica limite de plasticité Plastizitätsgrenze, límite plástico limite di plasticità Ausrollgrenze sol plastique plastischer Boden suelo plástico terreno plastico plasticité Plastizität plasticidad plasticità indice de plasticité Plastizitätszahl índice de indice di plasticità plasticidad essai de charge sur Plattendruckversuch ensayo de carga prova di carico su plaque con placa piastra bouchon, tampon, Verschluß, Dübel tapón tappo cheville pieu à l'aplomb caisson pneumatique Druckluftsenkkasten cajon de aire cassone pneumatico comprimido pieu-colonne Fußpressungspfahl, pilote resistente por palo portante di punta Spitzendruckpfahl su punta effort de pointe Punktlast fuerza concentrada carico di punta en la punta résistance à la pointe Spitzenwiderstand resistencia por la resistenza di punta punta coefficient de Poisson Poissonsche Zahl módulo de Poisson rapporto di Poisson polymère Polymer polimero polimero
former une mare Teich embalsar stagno
mal calibré, -- trié schlecht abgestuft, mal graduado mal gradato, assortito schlecht gekörnt
disparition de la Porenwasserdruckauf disipación de las dissipazione della pression interstitielle lösung presiónes pressione dei pori intersticiales
pression de l'eau Porenwasserdruck presión intersticial pressione dell'acqua interstitielle del agua dei pori porosité Porosität porosidad porositá
Panneau à précontrainte postérieure précontrainte postérieure/post- tension tarières mécaniques Kraftlöffelbohrer barrenas de motor trivelle meccaniche groupe/centrale hydraulique présondage Vorbohrung sondeo previo preforo
bèton préfabriqué Betonfertigteil hormigón calcestruzzo prefabricado preconfezionato, prefabricato paroi préfabriquée en Fertigteilschiltzwand muro diaframma di bèton calcestruzzo prefabbricato pieu préfabriqué Betonfertigpfahl pilotes de hormigón pali in calcestruzo prefabricado preconfezionato
précompression Vorbelastungdruck precompresión precompressione préconsolidation Vorkonsolidierung preconsolidación preconsolidazione pression de Vorkonsolidierungsdr presión de pressione di préconsolidation uck preconsolidación preconsolidazione
préfabrication Fertigbauweise, prefabricación prefabbricazione Vorfertigung pré-allumage/auto- allumage étude préliminaire Voruntersuchung estudio preliminar indagine preliminare micropieu préliminaire Vorversuchs- micropalo preliminari Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 1) pieu préliminaire Probepfahl palo preliminare
chargement Vorbelastung carga previa precarico préliminaire pieu ballasté injecté Prepacked-Pfahl palo prefabbricato conservation Konservierung conservación preservazione prédécoupage Vorspaltung precorte prerottura, conservazione, pretaglio pression Druck, Pressung presión, empuje pressione pression statique au Ruheerddruck empuje en reposo pressione a riposo repos bulbe de pression Druckzwiebel bulbo de presiónes bulbo di pressione jauge de contrainte Druckanzeiger, piezómetro indicatore di Manometer pressione, manometro hauteur de la chute d'eau/charge d'eau
précontraindre Vorspannung pretensar presollecitazione, precompresso pieu précontraint précontrainte pieu béton filé précontraint précontrainte
consolidation primaire Primärkonsolidierung consolidación consolidazione primaria primaria projet Projekt proyecto progetto traction d'épreuve Prüfkraft carico di prova support, appui Stütze, Steife puntal puntello, sbadacchio, puntone protection Schutz protección protezione couches protectrices Schutzbeschichtung capas protectoras rivestimento protettivo, pittura protettiva
corroi d'argile Lehmschlag arcilla de tejar argilla compattata
essai de traction Zugversuch, ensayo de arranque prova di estrazione Ausziehversuch pompe Pumpe bomba pompa béton pompé Pumpbeton hormigón calcestruzzo pompato bombeado, concreto bombeado essai de pompage Pumpversuch ensayo de prova di pompaggio agotamiento essai, prealable Eignungsprüfung ensayo previo test di idoneità contrôle de qualité Qualitätsüberwachun control de calidad controllo di qualità g carriere Steinbruch cantera caua, petraia quartz Quarz quarzo quarzo quai Kai muelle molo mur de quai Kaiwand muro de muelle banchina boulance Fließerscheinung sifonamiento liquefazione chaux vive ungelöschter Kalk cal viva limi sciolti mobili sable boulant Fließsand arena movediza sabbie mobili
mouton Rammbär, Fallbär maza maglio (di battipalo)
foundation sur radier Plattengründung cimentación flotante fondazione a platea
voie ferrée Eisenbahn ferrocarril ferrovia
étançon oblique pieu incliné pilon, dame Ramme pisón battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello pilon, dame Ramme pisón battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello
vidange rapide/vitesse Schnellabsenkung descenso rápido o abbassamento rapido de baisse du niveau repentino d'eau tachymètre, compteur Registrierapparat velocímetro indicatore di velocità de vitesse vitesse de chargement Belastungsgeschwind velocidad de carga velocità di carico igkeit alésé ausgebohrt, escariado alesato Locherweitern
rebond
courbe de gonflement Entlastungskurve curva de curva di rimbalzo, entumecimiento curva di scarico recharger Wiederbelasten cargar ricarico reiteradamente recompression Druckwiederholung, recompresión ricompressione Wiederverdichtung pourcentage de carotte Wiedergewinnung recuperación recupero refus semelle rectangulaire rechteckiges zapata rectangular base di fondazione Fundament rettangolare point de référence Bezugspunkt punto de referencia punto di riferimento
pieu en béton armé Stahlbetonpfahl pilote de hormigón palo in calcestruzzo o concreto armado armato terre armée bewehrte Erde tierra armada terra armata paroi moulée en coulis Bewehrte muro bentonitico armé Einphasenschlitzwan rinforzato d armature/renforcement densité relative relative Dichte densidad relativa densità relativa relaxation Entspannung relajación rilassamento puits de décharge ou Entlastungsbrunnen pozo de descarga pozzo di de décompression alleggerimento, pozzo ausiliario charge répétée wiederholte Belastung carga repetida carichi ripetuti
contrainte résiduelle Restspannung tensión remanente sforzo residuo résine Harz restina resina résistance
moment resistant widerstehendes momento resistente momento de Moment resistenza fréquence de Resonanzfrequenz frecuencia de frequenza di résonnance resonancia risonanza re-battre un pieu mur de soutènement Stützmauer muro de muro di sostegno, sostenimiento, muro paratia de contención retardateur Verzögerungsmittel agente retardante additivo ritardante injection d'eau en sens inverse forage avec injection d'eau en sens inverse
sondeuse radier de fondation starre solera rígida, fondazione rigida rigide Gründungsplatte cimentación rígida mur rigide starre Wand muro rígido muro rigido, paratia rigida enrochement Steinschüttung, escollera fondazione Steinwurf subacquea in pietrame alla rinfusa roche, roc Fels roca roccia
ancrage Felsanker anclaje en roca ancoraggio per roccia boulons d'ancrage Felsanker, Felsnagel perno para roca bullone per roccia
remblai rocheux Steinaufschüttung pedraplen inerte gradato per dighe in terra tige, tringle, barre Stange, Stab barra asta forage par rotation fleuret en losange torsadé
forage à rotary Rotationsbohrung sondeo rotativo sin perforazione a testigo rotazione perforation par rotation- Drehschlagbohrung perforación por perforazione a percussion percusión y rotación rotopercussione rotation Drehung, Rotation rotación rotazione rangée de pieux Pfahlreihe fila de pilotes linea di pali, fila di pali
écoulement Oberflächenabfluß escorrentia deflusso rupture Bruch, Platzen rotura rottura patte de fixation/sabot d'appui charge admissible zulässige Last carga admisible carico ammissibile
coefficient de sécurité Sicherheitsfaktor coeficiente de fattore di sicurezza seguridad marge de sécurité
sels Salze sales sali échantillon Probe, Muster muestra campione remaniement lors de la Entnahmestörung alteración de las disturbo del prise d'echantillon muestras durante la campionamento toma cuiller pour prise Entnahmelöffel, cucharilla para toma cucchiaia d'echantillon Rohrsonde de muestras campionatrice carottier Entnahmerohr tubo de testigo tubo campionatore, fustella sable Sand arena sabbia
drains de sable Sandabflußrinne, drenes de arena dreni in sabbia Sanddrän pieu de sable Sandpfahl pilote de arena palo in sabbia sol saturé gesättigter Boden suelo saturado terreno saturo
echelle Maßtab escala bilancia scarificateur Aufreißpflug, escarificador scarificatore Aufreißer escarpé Steilhang escarpe scarpata domaine de travail affouillement auspülen, socavación erosione superficiale, unterspülen scalzamento décapeuse, scraper Erdlader, robadera, scraper ruspa Erdeschürfgerät tamis Sieb pantalla crivello, retino, vaglio pieu à vis Schraubpfahl pilote de rosca pali ad elica niveau de la mer Meeresspiegel nivel del mar livello del mare digue Mole muro costero muro a mare, parete a mare sceller abdichten sellar sigillatura, sbarramento effet saisonnier jahreszeitlicher efecto estacional effetto stagionale Einfluß pieu transversal compression Sekundärdruckbelast consolidación compressione secondaire ung secundaria secondaria, cedimento secondario panneau secondaire coupe Schnitt sección sezione roche sédimentaire Sedimentgestein roca sedimentaria roccia sedimentaria matière en suspension percolation Durchsickerung, filtración filtrazione Versickerung courant de filtration Sickerwasserströmun corriente de flusso di filtrazione g filtración séparation
étude sismique Seismologische diseño sísmico progetto sismico Berechnung recherche par méthode séismique célérité sismique seismische velocidad de ondas velocità sismica Geschwindigkeit sísmicas sismographe
sismométre Seismometer sismómetro sismometro coulis autodurcissant Selbsterhärtende bentonite auto Suspension indurenete poids propre Eigengewicht peso propio peso proprio
argile sensible au strukturempfindlicher arcilla susceptible argilla sensitiva remaniement Ton sensibilité capteur Empfangsapparat, captor sensore Meßfühler suite de couches ou de Aufeinanderfolge der sucesión de los successione di strati, bancs Schichten estratos sequenza di strati
prise (matériaux) Abbindung fraguado messa a punto (materiales) tassement Setzung asiento cedimento
calcul du tassement Setzungsanalyse cálculo de los analisi del cedimento asientos courbe de tassement Setzungskurve curva de asiento curva di cedimento mesure de tassement Setzungsmessung medida del asiento misura del cedimento plaque repère de Setzungsplatte placas testigos de piano di tassement asientos assestamento point de dilatation stabilisation égout Abwasserleitung colector, desagüe fogna manille puits Schacht pozo albero, asta, pozzo diamètre du fût Pfahldurchmesser diametro del pozzo
schiste Tonschiefer pizarra arcillosa schisto argilloso tranchée peu profonde flacher Aushub trinchera somera taglio superficiale, scavo superficiale fondation en surface Flachgründung cimentación somera fondazione superficiale effort de cisaillement Scherkraft corte forza di taglio contrainte de Schubspannung, esfuerzo cortante sollecitazione altaglio cisaillement Scherspannung essai de cisaillement Abscherversuch prova di taglio resistance au Scherfestigkeit resistencia al resistenza al taglio, cisaillement esfuerzo cortante taglio palplanche
rideau de palplanches Spundwand pared tablestacada paratia con palancole, palancolata parafouille étanche en Spundwandsporn tablestacado diaframma di palplanches cortaguas palancole rideau de palplanches Spundwand pared tablestacada muro di palancole, palancolata palplanche Verbau tablestacado palificata, revistimento con palancolata bouclier taret/terrède/ver de bateaux
plan/dessin d'exécution étayage Abstützung apuntalamiento puntellamento béton projeté Spritzbeton hormigón lanzado calcestruzzo proiettato, calcestruzzo spruzzato pelle Schaufel pala, lampa pala, badile, draga retrait Schwinden retracción ritiro
raynures/réglettes latérales frottement latéral Seitenreibung fricción lateral attrito laterale tamis analyse Siebanalyse análisis analisi granulometrica granulométrique granulométrico por per vagliatura tamizado graisseur compte- gouttes à débit visible palplanche vérinée silice Kieselsäure, Silika sílice silice silt Schluff limo silt, limo dépôt de silt Verschlammung rellenarse de fango insabbiamento, deposito di limo
emplacement du Baustelle ubicación de la obra sito, luogo cantiere chantier
recherche sur place Untersuchung der reconocimientos en indagine in sito Baustelle obra
frottement superficiel Mantelreibung rozamiento resistenza all'attrito superficial, fricción superficial
Jupe
plaque/mèche Platte, Decke losa, aligerado soletta ardoise Schiefer pizarra argilloscisto, ardesia
miroir de surface Gleitschicht espejo de falla specchio di faglia glissement Rutschung, Abgleiten corrimiento scivolo, piano inclinato, frana orifice pour élinguer glissement Erddrutsch corrimiento scorrimento
surface de glissement Erddrutschfläche, superficie de superficie di Gleitfläche corrimiento scorrimento pente, talus, inclinaison Böschung talud, inclinación scarpata, pendenza rupture de talus Böschungsbruch caida de un talud rottura del pendio, franamento di pendio
protection des talus Böschungssicherung protección de protezione del pendio taludes rainure Schlitz ranura fessura apertura
vase/fange affaissement Ausbreitmaß asiento, cedimento, hundimiento scivolamento, frana, abbassamento boue Bentonitmischung pasta fango, miscela
parois moules Schlitzwand muro calado slurry trench wall
paroi moulée en coulis Einphasenschlitzwan muro bentonitico d sol sensible au détrempage
sol tendre weicher Boden suelo blando terreno molle, terreno tenero sol
ancrage/scellement sondage de sol carotte de sondage sol-ciment Erdbodenzement, suelo-cemento cemento del terreno Bodenvermörtelung caractéristiques du sol Bodenklassifizierung, características del caratteristiche del Bodenmerkmale suelo terreno
géologue investigation Bodenaufschluß reconocimiento del esplorazione del terreno terreno
mécanique des sols Bodenmechanik mecánica de suelos meccanica del terreno
humidité du sol Bodenfeuchtigkeit humedad del suelo umidità del terreno particule de sol Bodenteilchen partícula del suelo grani del terreno, particele profil stratigraphique Bodenprofil perfil del suelo profilo stratigrafico
appareil de sondage de sol
stabilisation du sol Bodenstabilisierung estabilización del stabilizzazione del suelo terreno
couchis, semelles Stahlträger peones, estemples trave d'armatura verticales
Stahlträgerbohlenverb berlinaise au, Berliner Bauweise
essai d'ausculatation Ultraschallversuch im carotaggio sonico sonique par Pfahl transparence Fonçage par vibrations acoustiques essai d'ausculatation Ultraschallversuch prova sonica sonique par réflexion sondage Sondierung sondage scandaglio
écarteur Abstandhalter distanziatore séparation, intervalle Abstand separación interasse, distanza portee Spannweite luz, tramo portata, arco poids spécifique spezifisches Gewicht peso específico peso specifico spécification Leistungsbeschreibun especificación specifica g spécimen Probe muestra provino, campione mandrin pieu bois point de jonction/jointure cuiller à fente geteilte aufklappbare tomamuestras divisore di campioni Entnahmesonde partido (per quartatura), fustella matériau d'excavation
échantillon pris à la Löffelprobe, muestra tomada campione (ottenuto cuiller Sondenprobe con cucharilla per quartatura) fondation superficielle flache Gründung cimentación por fondazioni estese, (radier, semelle) superficie fondazione superficiale source Quelle, Feder fuente molla, sorgente
perforateur à percussion/trépan perforation
stabilité Stabilität estabilidad stabilità suspension stable stabile Suspension sospensione stabile construction par étapes Bauablauf in construcción por costruzione a fasi Bauabschnitten etapas jalonnement/bornage
étançon/contre- fiche/soutien normes Niveau, Richtlinien, normas norme Norm tube vertical Standrohr, Steigrohr tubo piezométrico collo d'oca, piezometro, pozzo di misura essai de chargement statische prova di carico statico statique Probebelastung essai statique de mise statischer ensayo de carga prova di carico statico en charge Belastungsversuch estático essai statique de mise statischer ensayo de carga prova di carico statico en charge Belastungsversuch estático essai de chargement statische prova statica sul palo statique de pieu Probebelastung mouton à vapeur Dampframmbär maza de vapor battipalo, maglio a vapore acier Stahl acero acciaio pieu en acier Stahlpfahl pilote de acero palo in acciaio
pièces de renforcement/raidisseu rs argile raide fissurée steifer geklüfteter Ton arcilla firme fisurada argilla rigida fessurata raideur Steifigkeit rigidez rigidezza etrier Bügel estribos staffe pierre, roche Stein piedra pietra, sasso
déformation Deformation pro deformación deformazione Längeneinheit, Anstrengung comparateur, Dehnungsmesser testigo de indicatore di extensomètre, jauge deformación deformazione de déformation clouage de liteaux strate, couche Schicht estrato strato force, résistance, Festigkeit resistencia forza, resistenza solidité contrainte, tension Spannung tensión sforzo, sollecitazione concentration des Spannungskonzentrat concentración de concentrazione dello contraintes ion tensiones sforzo distribution des Spannungsverteilung distribución de las distribuzione degli contraintes tensiones sforzi courbe contrainte- Spannungs- curva de tensiónes curva sforzo- déformation Dehnungs-Kurve y deformaciones deformazione direction/orientation fil à plomb traverse fondation sur semelle Streifenfundament cimentación por fondazione a strisce filante zapata corrida (nastriforme) course fissuration (de bauliche Schäden averias de una danno strutturale bâtiment) estructura structure, ouvrage Bauwerk estructura struttura
étai, contre-fiche Steife, Strebe puntal diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido
étai, contre-fiche Steife, Strebe puntal diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido soubassement Untergrund, Unterbau subsuelo sottosuolo, sottofondo densité immergée, Raumgewicht unter densidad sumergida peso di volume dejaugée Wasser sommerso affaissement, Senkung, Nachlassen subsidencia subsidenza effondrement sous-sol Untergrund subsuelo sottosuolo reconnaissance du baugrundtechnische reconocimiento del esplorazione del sous-sol, investigation --Untersuchung subsuelo sottosuolo sous-sol unter der Oberfläche subsuelo sotterraneo, sotto la superficie succion Ansaugen succión aspirazione essai de contrôle Eignungsprüfung test d'idoneità puisard Senkgrube, foso, colector de pozzo collettore Pumpensumpf aguas pompe de puisard appui Stütze apoyo supporto fluide d'excavation Stützende Flüssigkeit fluido di supporto surcharge Auflast sobrecarga sovraccarico force de surface Oberflächenkraft fuerza de superficie forza superficiale onde de surface Oberflächenwelle onda superficial onda superficiale relevés Vermessung levantamientos perizia arpenteur/ingénieur géomètre suspension Suspension suspensión sospensione pieu à estamper
essai de système Systemprüfung test di sistema brocher
réservoir Behälter, Tank depósito cisterna pieu en pointe/conique température Temperatur temperatura temperatura tirant d'ancrage Kurzzeitanker ancoraggio provisoire temporaneo mur temporaire armature Zugglied trefolo longueur de scellement Verankerungslänge lunghezza di de l'armature de Zuggliedes fondazione del trefolo longueur libre de Freie Stahllänge lunghezza libera del l'armature trefolo contrainte de traction Zugkraft fuerza de tensión forza di trazione résistance à la traction Zugfestigkeit resistencia a la resistenza a trazione tracción contrainte de traction Zugspannung tensión negativa, sforzo di trazione tracción tension Zug tensión, tracción tensione fissure de tension Zugriss, Zugzone grieta de tensión tensione di spaccatura, zona di frattura pieu en traction Zugpfahl palo a trazione Zugstahl acero en tracción accino in tensione taret/terrède/ver de bateaux
terrasses Terrassenablagerung depósitos de depositi terrazzati terraza faire un essai Versuch ensayar, ensayo prova charge d'essai Versuchslast carga de prueba carico di prova charge d'essai Versuchslast carga de prueba carico di prova micropieu d'essai Abnahmeversuchs- test sul micropalo Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 3) pieu d'essai Probepfahl test sul palo
procédure d'essai Versuchsverfahren procedimiento de procedura della prova ensayo machine d'essai Prüfgerät máquina de ensayo macchina di prova texture Gefüge, textura tessitura Bodenstruktur, Textur théorie Theorie teoría teoria propriétés thermiques thermale propiedades proprietà termali Eigenschaften, térmicas Wärmeverhalten carottier à paroi mince dünnwandiges tomamuestras de campionatore a pareti Probeentnahmegerät pared delgada sottili thixotropie Thixotropie tixotropía tissotropia clapet de réglage/vanne régulatrice à papillon marées Tide, Gezeiten mareas marea tirant Verankerung, tensor anclado tiranti Bodenanker
tirant Zugstange tirante de anclaje tirante (di collegamento) sous-abattage festverbunden, dicht hermético chiuso, a tenuta moraine glacaire umgelagerter Boden till till, detrito glaciale, und Geröll, Mergel morena glaciale
inclinomètre Neigungsmeßgerät inclinómetro inclinometro pilotis de bois Holzpfahl pilotes de madera palo in legno courbe ou diagramme Zeit-Setzungs-Kurve curva de tiempos- curva tempo- de tassement en asientos assestamento fonction du temps pointe du pieu, sabot Pfahlspitze azuche de un pilote, punta del palo punta de un pilote
rupture de base Basisbruch fallo de pie rottura al piede
tolérance
plaque porte-nez terre végétale Mutterboden tierra vegetal terreno superficiale méthode hiérarchisée
couple
torsion Torsion torsión torsione déflecteur
manomètre/capteur Vermittler, transductor trasduttore Energiewandler zone de transition Übergangzone zona de transición zona di transizione
béton coulé sous l'eau Kontraktorbeton, hormigón colocado calcestruzzo gettato Unterwasserbeton con tubo-tolva contubo getto
tranchée Graben, Schlitz trinchera trincea trépan/foret à couronne 1. pont monté sur échafaudage micropieu defaisabilité Eignungsversuchs- microplai prova Mikropfahl (Probepfahl 2) pieu a faisabilité Probepfahl pali prova distrubtion triangulaire dreieckige carga repartida distribuzione Lastverteilung triangularmente triangolare dei carichi appareil triaxial Triaxialgerät aparato triaxial apparecchiatura triassiale cellule triaxiale Probe für cédula triaxil, triaxial cella triassiale dreiachsigen Druckversuch essai triaxial dreiachsiger ensayo de prova di Druckversuch compresión triaxial compressione triassiale tricône 2. appareil déclencheur
tube-à-manchettes Manschettenrohr tubo valvolato
dalle armée selon deux zweiachsig gespannte losa armada en dos soletta armata in due directions Platte direcciones direzione
charge limite de Grenzpressungsbelas resistencia límite de resistenza al carico di rupture, charge tung rotura rottura, capacita portante limite portante limite
charge limite de Bruchlast, Grenzlast carga límite de carico di rottura, rupture rotura carico limite
pieu foré résistance à la Druckfestigkeit mit resistancia a la resistenza alla compression sans Querdehnung compresión sin compressione contrainte latérale constricción lateral semplice essai de compression unverfestigter direkter ensayo sin prova non consolidata triaxiale rapide Scherversuch, consolidación ni - non drenata Schnellversuch drenaje drains sous chaussée Sickerdrainage subdren dreno, sottofondo drenante souterrain Untergrund, subterráneo sottosuolo unterirdisch reprise en sous oeuvre Fundamentunterstütz recalce sottomurazione ung, Unterfangung
puits à base élargie mit Kleinem pilote de base palo alesato Durchmeßer ensanchada vorgebohrte Pfahl infiltration Untersickergung filtración através de sottofiltrazione, la cimentación filtrazione dal fondo subaquatique Unterwasser subacuático subacqueo
échantillon intact ungestörte muestra inalterada campione indisturbato Bodenprobe résistance au undrainierte resistencia al resistenza al taglio cisaillement à teneur Scherfestigkeit esfuerzo cortante, non drenata en eau constante sin consolidación compression uniaxial einachsiger Druck compresión compressione unidimensional monoassiale (uniassiale) système de vereinheitlichte clasificación classificazione dei classification USCS Bodenklazifizierung unificada de suelos terreni unificata coefficient d'uniformité Ungleichförmigkeitsgr coeficiente de coefficiente di (de Hazen) ad uniformidad uniformità sol à granulométrie Boden mit suelo terreno uniforme gleichmäßiger uniformemente uniformemente Korngrößenverteilung graduado gradato poids unitaire Raumgewicht densidad peso unitario sous-pression Hebung, subpresión sollevamento Sohlwasserdruck
pieux d'ancrage Zugpfahl pilotes de tracción pali a trazione sous-pressions Sog, Hebedruck, subpresiones pressione di Auftrieb sollevamento vide Unterdruck, Vakuum vacío vuoto appareil à palettes Flügelapparat, sonda de molinete apparecchiatura vane, Flügelsonde scissometro
argile stratifée Bänderton arcilla listada agille a varve
extensomètres à corde Schwingungsspannun testigo de cuerda estensimetro a corda vibrante gsmeßgerät vibrante vibrante
vibration Schwingung vibración vibrazione appareil de fonçage/d'extraction par vibrations vibrofonceur fonçage des pieux par Pfhleinrütteln hinca de pilotes por infissione a vibrazione vibration vibración compactage par vibrations
vibroflottation Rütteldruckverfahren vibroflotación vibroflottazione branche de première Erstdrucklastkurve curva de curva di compression du compresión noval compressione vergine diagramme viscosité Viskosität viscosidad viscosità examen à vue visuelle Untersuchung exámen a simple ispezione visiva vista vide Hohlraum, Pore poro vuoto, poro indice des vides Porenzahl índice de poros rapporto (indici) dei vuoti volcan Vulkan volcán vulcano volume Volumen, Inhalt volúmen volume changement de volume Volumenänderung variación de cambiamento volúmen (variazione) di volume
madrier Gurt carrera, durmiente trave orizzontale
frottement contre un Wandreibung rozamiento de attrito terra-muro mur tierras con fábrica épaisseur de mur sondage par injection Spülbohrung sondeo por foro di lavaggio , inyección de agua sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua eau de lavage Spülwasser agua de inyección acqua di lavaggio sondage par injection Spülbohrung sondeo por foro di lavaggio , inyección de agua sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua teneur en eau Wassergehalt humedad contenuto d'acqua jet d'eau/forage au jet surface de la nappe souterraine fluctuation de la nappe Schwankung des oscilación del nivel fluttuazioni della aquifère, phréatique Grundwasserspiegels freático superficie di falda rapport eau-ciment Wasser-Zement- relación agua- rapporto acqua- Faktor cemento cemento aquifère wasserführend con agua acquifero rapport eau-ciment Wasser-Zement- relación agua- rapporto acqua- Faktor cemento cemento niveau d'eau Wasserstand, nivel del agua livello dell'acqua Pegelstand imperméable wasserdicht impermeable a tenuta d'acqua, impermeabile mur étanche à l'eau/mur d'étanchéité onde, vague Welle onda, ola onda équation d'onde
longueau d'onde Wellenlänge longitud de onda lunghezza d'onda
célérité des ondes Wellengeschwindigke velocidad de onda velocità d'onda it sols sans consistance Boden mit geringer suelo blando terreno poco Tragfähigkeit resistente
altération Verwitterung meteorización alterazione (alle intemperie) coin, cale Keil cuña cuneo coinçage, coincement, Verkeilung acuñado incuneamento calage barbacanes Entwässerungsloch mechinal foro di sfogo perte en poids Gewichtsverlust périda de peso perdita di peso puits Brunnen pozo pozzo blindage de puits Brunnenverrohrung, entibación de un pozzo rivestito Futterrohr pozo puits filtrant Brunnen mit tubo filtrante well point Pumpenbetrieb filtre de puits Brunnenfilter tubería perforada porzione finestrata del para pozo pozzo procédé par voie humide môle/brise-lames structures de quai Kaikonstruktionen, obras portuarias banchina, pontile Kaianlagen
à larges ailes ou semelles
bois Holz madera legno pieu en bois Holzpfahl pilote de madera palo in legno agents protecteurs du Holzschutzmittel preservadores de la conservanti per legno bois madera facilité de mise en Verarbeitbarkeit docilidad lavorabilità oeuvre niveau de travail Arbeitsebene piano di lavoro micropieu de fondation Bauwerksmikropfahl micropalo di lavoro pieu de fondation Bauwerkspfahl palo di lavoro rayons x Röntgenstrahlen rayos-x raggi-x limite élastique Ergiebigkeit fluencia resa, rendimento, snervamento limite apparente Streckgrenze, límite aparente de limite di snervamento d'élasticité Fließgrenze elastidad limite d'élasticité Elastizitätsgrenze tensión límite de tensione snervamento fluencia module d'Young Schubmodul, módulo de Young modulo di Young Youngscher Modul zero Nullpunkt punto zero sinc Zink zinc zinco zone de saturatation Bereich kapillarer zona di saturazione capillaire Sättigung capillare zone d'ecoulement plastischer zona di saturazione plastique du sol Fließbereich des capillare Bodens zone d'ecoulement Durchströmungsberei zona di filtrazione ch zone de gonflement Schwellbereich zona di rigonfiamento manchon Koppelelement/Muffe
Injektiongut Verpressmörtal/Feink ornbeton PORTUGESE DUTCH RUSSIAN teste de recepção controleproef estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contínuo impulso activo das active gronddruk terras ajustador, adaptador verloopstuk aditivo toeslagstof adesão, adesividade adhesie aditivo, adição bijmengsel, toevoeging agua adsorvida geadsorbeerd water
loess, limo argilo- loss calcáreo
inerte, agregado granulaat ar lucht ar incorporado lucht bijmenging tubo de ar, mangueira luchtslang de ar
capacidade de carga toelaatbare draagkracht carga admissivel de toelaatbare estacas paaldraagkracht aluvião Alluvium/Holoceen ancoragem anker cabeça de ancoragem ankerkop bloco de ancoragem ballastanker
cortina de ancoragem ankerwand ancoragem, ancorar, verankering, placa de ancorajem verankeren, ankerplaat pranchada ancorada verankerde damwand
ângulo natural hoek van natuurlijk talud anodo anode
comprimento livre schijnbare (fictieve) equivalente vrije ankerlengte carga aplicada, tensão aangebrachte aplicada spanning cortina
aquicluso ondoorlatende laag efeito de arco gewelfwerking pressao artesiana artesische druk (spanningswater)
pressao em repouso neutrale (grond)druk limites de Atterberg Atterbergse grenzen
trado avegaar
furo de trado avegaar boring estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contínuo (CFA)
estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contínuo
aterro aanvulling retroscavadora getrokken laadschop limpadeira puls
barreta diepwand element
deslocamento pela zwel van de base (bouwput)bodem rotura pela base bezwijken ondergrond beneden de voet (van de paal) fundaçao kelder estaca inclinada schoorpaal viga balk capacidade de carga draagvermogen estaca de suporte paal op druk belast
carga funderingsdruk
firme, sào (diepe, draagkrachtige) rotslaag ancoragem em forma injectieanker met de sino verbreed uiteinde caixão em forma de boorpaal met sino verbrede voet flexão buiging momento flector buigend moment bentonite Bentoniet
berma, banqueta berm
desmontar a fogo doen springen, opblazen ressurgência bleeding (van beton)
blocos de verstopping (van encunhamento, calços verticale drains) contagem de kalender (bij heien) pancadas contador de pancadas klappen teller
turfeira moeras, drassig land
passagem a movediça opbarsten van zandbodem (bijvoorbeeld door piping) parafuso bout
resistencia de aanhechtingssterkte aderencia
flutuantes de proteção giek sondagem boren, boring, boorgat estaca executada à boorpaal rotação diametro do furo de diameter van het sondagem boorgat
material de escavação uitkomende grond
deslocamento pela zwel van de base (bouwput)bodem godo grosso steen conglomerado kleileem, klei met stenen escora stempelen
escavação entivada gestempelde ontgraving entivação stempel
tensão de rotura breukspanning muro de suporte keermuur
flambagem, knikken encurvadura edificio, construção gebouw, bouwwerk regulamento de bouwvoorschrift construção estaleiro bouwplaats bolbo de tensões spanningsconcentra tie aterro no tardoz duma opvullen van holle cortina ruimte cortina de estacas, kistdam cortina tractor de lamina bulldozer impulsão opdrijven peso especifico onderwater gewicht, submerso effectief gewicht topo, cabeca paalkop
sustentar com ondersteunen contrafortes
gaiola (de armaduras) wapeningskorf
caixão caisson
aferir, calibrar calibratie
consola uitkragende ligger estacas-pranchas em onverankerde consola damwand
capilaridade capilairiteit
historico de casos, voorbeeld van een exemplos tipicos uitgevoerd project
furo de sondagem met casing entubado ondersteund boorgat encamisamento casing tubo de revestimento casing buis parede de betão diepwand armado moldada no solo estaca moldada no boorpaal solo
catodo kathode
cavidade holte ensecadeira celular kistdam opgebouwd uit celvormige elementen
calda de cimento grout centralizador zoeker, centreer hulpmiddel centrifugadora centrifuge
camara, caverna kamer resistência interna karakteristieke característica duma sterkte van het ancoragem verankeringseleme nt cargas de explosivos springlading injecção de produtos chemische injectie quimicos propridades quimicas chemische samenstelling
cinzel beitel
trepano snijtand (graafwerktuig)
escavadora de schelpvormige mandibulas grijper argila klei representante técnico opzichter do cliente solo de granulometria grond met uniforme uniforme korrelverdeling grosseiro grofkorrelig grosseiro grofkorrelig calhau rolado (burgau, kei, steen godo)
coeficiente de impulso gronddruk de terras coefficient
ensecadeira kistdam
coesão cohesie
incoerente niet-cohesief
coloides colloïd coluna kolom, pijler
compactar verdichten compatibilidade verdichtbaarheid injecção de compaction compactação grouting estacas de verdichtingspaal compactação (zoals een stone column) estacas mistas combinatiepaal
ar comprimido lucht onder overdruk compressão samendrukking, druk estaca comprimida op druk belaste paal onda de compressão drukgolf compressor compressor
carga concentrada puntlast, punt belasting betão (armado) [gewapend] beton
estaca de betão betonpaal betonagem beton storten tubo de betonagem transportbuis voor betonmortel penetrómetro em cone sondeer apparaat ensaio edometrico uni-axiale drukproef conglomerado conglomeraat consolidar consolideren carregamento constante belasting constante snelheid variação constante verplaatsingsgestuu dum ensaio de rde proefbelasting penetração injecção de contacto grouten van interfaces tensão de contacto contactdruk
contentor container
estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contínuo (CFA)
empreiteiro aannemer explosão controlada gecontroleerd springen (opblazen met explosieven)
transportador lopende band carote (nucleo) boorkern estaca revestida paal waarin een kernboring is gemaakt acoplador koppeling recobrimento (betão) betondekking
fissura scheur fluir kruip limite de fluência kruipmaat estacas de madeira met creosoot creosotada geimpregneerde houten paal
muros de suporte ?? (zoals een celulares berlinerwand) carga crítica de kritische fluência kruipbelasting brita gebroken steen
cortina de waterkerend estanquidade scherm
almofada
almofada dempen trincheira verticale ontgraving
muro corta-aguas waterkerend scherm anel cortante snijring
cilindro cylinder
barragem dam carga de referência initiële belasting (nullast) peso próprio eigen gewicht bloco de ancoragem ballastanker
tempo de queda de pulsação rocha alterada verweerd gesteente descompressão drukafname fundação profunda paalfundering
flecha, deflecção doorbuiging, horizontale verplaatsing deformação vervorming, verplaatsing grau de compactação verdichtingsgraad grau de saturação verzadigingsgraad diferenca de tempo de vertraging detonações baridade, densidade
baridade, densidade dichtheid, volumiek gewicht depósito depot profundidade da aanlegdiepte fundação profundidade de indringingsdiepte penetração
exsicaça, secagem exsicação, secagem uitdroging projecto ontwerp(berekening )
carga de cálculo ontwerpbelasting pormenores details deterioração uiteenvallen detonação opblazen, doen springen aparelho apparaat por a sêco o cabouco, ontwatering, drenagem bemaling
diafragma membraan (diepwand) assentamento verschilzetting diferencial
declive depressie (geologie)
desintegração uiteenvallen deslocamento verplaatsing
injecção provocando verdringend grouten deslocamento do solo estaca de paal met deslocamento grondverdringing carga distribuida verdeelde belasting amostra remexida verstoord monster derivação, desvio omleiding doca, cais, molhe haven, kade
duque d'Alba dukdalf
ensecadeira de kistdam parede
arrastar ww.: sleuren, hangen; zn.: dreg colher de arrasto dragline abaixamento neerwaarts richting van een kracht (zoals in negatieve kleef) dragar baggeren
deriva
deriva afwijking van de verticaal
furar boren furo de sondagem boorgat
estaca perfurada boopaal
furação boren fluido de furação boorspoeling lama de sondagem boorspoeling lama de perfuração dikke boorspoeling equipamento de boor equipment sondagem cravar heien ponteira driving shoe
tubo de cravação heibuis, heicasing
estaca cravada heipaal cravação heien
registro de cravaçao
registo de cravação kalender (bij heien) resistência à cravação heiweerstand ensaio de penetração heiproef pilão valblok
baridade seca droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht
peso seco droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht
ductilidade vervormbaarheid
durabilidade duurzaamheid
dique dijk ensaio de carga dynamische dinâmico proefbelasting carga dinâmica dynamische belasting
ensaio dinâmico duma dynamische estaca belastingsproef op palen sondagem dinâmica dynamische sondering, rammsondering ensaio dinâmico dynamische proef
impulso de terras gronddruk
carga excêntrica excentrische belasting
excentricidade excentriciteit pressão efectiva effectieve spanning, korrelspanning deformação elástica elastische rek módulo de elasticiteitsmodulus elasticidade electrodo electrode electro-osmose electro-osmose aterro ophoging, dam envolver inbedden
entubamento coating (corrosiebeschermi ng)
estaca trabalhando de stuitpaal ponta (puntdragende paal) perda de energia energie verlies engenharia ontwerpen engenharia geológica ingenieursgeologie
base alargada vergrote voet, verbrede voet ar ocluso ingesloten lucht resinas epóxidicas kunsthars equilibrio evenwicht equipamento equipment
evaporação verdamping material escavado ontgraven grond escavação ontgraving escavadora graafmachine sobrepressão water overspanning hidrostática
explosivos explosief resistência externa houdkracht van het duma ancoragem anker (grondmechanisch) extracção uittrekken
coeficiente de veiligheidsfactor segurança
rotura bezwijken carga de rotura bezwijkbelasting
superficie de rotura bezwijk oppervlak
falsa presa schijnverharding (van beton) faxina takkenbos
falha geologische breuk
aterro aanvul materiaal
filler, enchimento vulmiddel enchimento aanvullen filtro, dreno filter
finos fijn zand, fijn materiaal metodo dos elementos eindige elementen finitos methode base firme vaste grondslag
injecção de fissura injectie van scheuren comprimento de weerstandselement selagem duma (van een ancoragem grondanker) encastramento na inklemmingsmomen base t ?? fundação flexivel slappe fundering resistência à flexão buigsterkte
fundação sobre kleefpaalfundering estacas flutuantes floculado flucculent pavimento vloer, etage flutuação flotation fluxo, escoamento stroming, debiet rede de percolação grondwater net cinza volante vliegas
foliação foliatie (bij gesteente)
adicional de cravação follower de estaca
sapata fundament
formação formatie, laag fundação fundering
fractura breuk, scheur pórtico frame comprimento livre dum vrije ankerlengte tirante
frequencia frequentie agua doce zoetwater rocha friavel brossige rots atrito wrijving estaca flutuante wrijvingspaal (estaca por atrito lateral) gelo vorst
empolamento devido opvriezen ao gelo
comporta, portão poort instrumento de opnemer medida, bitola, calibrador geologia geologie exploração geofisica geofysische exploratie
geotecnico geotechniek
viga ligger, stalen balk
depósito glaciar ijstijd afzetting, gaciale afzetting depósito glaciar glacial uitspoeling graduação gradatie
niveladora shovel forma dos grãos korrelvorm dimensão dos grãos korrelafmetingen godo, burgau grind injecção por gravidade grouten zonder overdruk martelo de queda livre valhamer
fundação em grelha fundament van kruiselings gestapelde balken moer slijpen nivel do solo maaiveld,
superficie do terreno maaiveld, natural
água subterrânea, grondwater aquífero, nivel freático
efeito de grupo groepsaktie calda / calda de grout cimento cortina de injecção gegroute wand
injectar grouten
injecção sob pressão het grouten pressão de injecção groutdruk muretes-guia geleide wanden
martelo, pilão hamer rocha alterada dichte tussenlaag grond equipamento de diepladers transporte risco levensgevaarlijke situatie
coroamento do muro kopwand calor de hidratação hydratatie warmte empolar zwellen, rijzen, opheien
trado helicoidal avegaar heterogeneo heterogeen
homogeneo homogeen pressao horizontal de horizontale terras gronddruk estacas de perfil H H-profiel paal aterro hidraulico opgespoten grond fracturação hidráulica hydrraulisch breken
hidrologia hydrologie
gelo e neve ijs en sneeuw impacto stoot, botsing
impermeavel impermeavel ondoordringbaar, ondoorlatend tapete impermeavel ondoorlatende laag
indice index
endurecido, verhard concrecionado deformação não linear inelastische vervorming/deforma tie infiltração infiltratie
presa inicial initiele zetting
entrada, admissão inlet solo inorganico anorganisch
resistência "in situ" sterkte ter plaatse, in situ sterkte ensaio "in situ" test ter plaatse, in situ test, inspecção inspectie instrumentaçao instrumentação instrumentatie
rocha sã intacte rots ensaio de integridade integriteits meting, sonisch doormeten intergranular intergranulaire encaixes de estacas- damwand slot pranchas metálicas atrito interno inwendige wrijving
base de uma conduta omkeren teste de ensaio onderzoek test macaco vijzel estacas instaladas sob gevijzelde palen pressão
equipamento de vijzel appartuur elevação jacto mondstuk, straal, spuiten
estacas cravadas com gespoten palen jacto de água
junta verbinding padrão de juntas scheur patroon
karst, carst karst atraso, desfasagem keerwand
terra land escorregamento aardverschuiving forças laterais laterale, zijdelingse krachten pressão lateral laterale, zijdelingse druk suporte lateral laterale, zijdelingse ondersteuning camada laag deslavar loog perda por infiltração lekkage
levada, açude rivierdijk braço de alavanca hefboom arm agregados leves lichtgewicht toeslag
cal, calcáreo kalk, kalksteen analise limite bezwijkanalyse
manga bekleding
encamisamento stortkoker, stortpijp
rotura por liquefação bezwijken door vloeien liquido vloeistof limite de liquidez vloeigrens indice de liquidez vloeiindex sobrecarga veranderlijke belasting carga belasting elemento resistente dragend element capacidade de carga draagvermogen fator de carga belastingsfactor medidor de carga drukdoos incremento de carga belastingstoename perda de tensão belastinggrens admissível ensaio de carga poefbelasting
carregadora wiellader carga e descarga belasten en ontlasten estrutura de carga belastings frame
curva de carga- assentamento curva de tensão- lastzakkingsdiagra deformação m limo leem eclusa slot força de ankerschot, bloqueamento ankerwand loess, limo argilo- loss calcáreo toro, tronco logboek, journaal brando, frouxo, solto, loss fofo
cimento de baixo calor lage warmte de hidratação cement
lubrificar smeermiddel
aterro aangebrachte grond ensaio de carga test met aangehouden belasting
camisa, involucro mantel, mouw depósito marinho marine afzetting referencia vast punt, referentie punt marga mergel pantano moeras
betão de enchimento, betonmassa betão ciclópico ensoleiramento geral balken fundering
medida, medição meting membrana membraam malha maas, netwerk
microestaca micropile
junta de microestaca micopile koppeling
minerais mineraal misturado no local in sity gemend misturador, betoneira mixer, menger
equipamento movel monbiele apparatuur modulo de elasticiteitsmodulus elasticidade coeficiente de reacção ondergrond reactie modulus humido vocht teor de humidade vochtgehalte momento de inercia traagheidsmoment martelo de bate- persoon/apparaat estacas voor positioneren paal
moreia morene argamassa mortel variegado, gevlekt heterógeneo vasa, lama
vasa, lama modder, waterige modderbrei
injecção de argila het pompen van een grondgroutmengsel onda de lama modderstroom explosão por explodere met banquetas multiplas meerdere afschuifvlakken explosão por filas exploderen in rijen multiplas injecção múltipla grouten in meerdere stappen edificio alto, edificio gebouw met com muitos andares meerdere verdiepingen
teor de humidade natuurlijk natural vochtgehalte sucção capillar negative porriendruk sucção capilar negatieve mantelwrijving
mamilo nippel ensaios nao- nietdestructief destrutivos onderzoek injecção sem deslocamento de solo
normalmente normaal adensado geconsolideerd tubo piezometrico observaite put
caixão aberto open caisson trincheira aberta open snede
materia organica organisch materiaal
oscilador oscillator, vibrator
osmose osmose
afloramento rots aan het oppervlak plano aluvionar vlakke uitspoeling sobreescavação extrauitgraving sobreescavação verspilld materiaal recobrimento overdruk
sobreconsolidado overgeconsolideerd
sobrecarga overbelasting sobretensão overspanning
painel paneel
dimensão dos grãos afmetingen deeltje impulso passivo das passieve gronddruk terras
gravilha fijn grind resistência limite ao maximale corte afschuifsterkte turfa veen
pedra, seixo, cascalho, kiezelsteen calhau soco, embasamento voetstuk
injecção de groutinjectie penetração registo de penetração indringingsregistrati e resistencia à indringweerstand penetração ensaio de penetração indringingstest
penetrómetro penetrometer percentagem em peso gewichtspercentage nivel de águas waterspiegel door penduradas capillaire werking percolação percolatie sondagem por heiend boren percussao
terreno permafrost permanentemente gelado ancoragem definitiva blijvend naker permeabilidade doorlatendheid injecção de impregnerend impregnação grouten
nivel freatico phreatisch oppervlak
pegão, fundação por paal fundament poços, tubulão piezometro waterspanningsmet er altura piezometrica waterspanningshoo gte superficie piezometrica piezemetriach oppervlak estaca paal
bate-estacas heiframe capacidade de carga paaldraagvermogen de estaca
encabecamento de paalmuts estacas
cravação de estacas heien
fórmula de cravação heiformule resistência à cravação heiweerstand
extracção de estaca het trekken van een paal
fundação por estacaria paalfundering
grupo de estacas paalgroep pilão do bate-estacas heinamer
ensaio de carga de proefbelasting estacas martelo de bate- persoon/apparaat estacas voor positioneren paal
tubo pijp
alinhamento de pijplijn condutas, tubagem erosão interna piping, sifonwerking extractor de embolo bemonsteringsbuis poço bouwput
materiais de vrijgekomen mineração materiaal
superficie de menor afglijdvlak resisténcia deformação plana vlakke spanningstoestand betão plástico plastisch beton parede em betão wand van plastisch plástico beton deformação plástica plastische deformatie limite de plasticidade plasticiteitsgrens solo plástico plastische grond plasticidade plastciteit indice de plasticidade plasticiteitsindex ensaio de carga sobre plaat test placas tampão plug caixão pneumático pneumatisch caisson estaca trabalhando de puntdragende paal ponta carga de ponta puntbelasting resistencia de ponta puntweerstand coeficiente de Poisson Poisson getal polimero polymeer
encher de água vijver
mal graduado slecht gegradeerd
dissipação de waterdruk disspatie pressões neutras
pressão de água porienwaterdruk intersticial porosidade porositeit
trados mecanizados gemotoriseerde schroefboor ante-poco; (poço- voorboring piloto), pré-sondagem, sondagem prévia, betão préfabricado prefab beton parede moldada pré- wand van prefab fabricada beton estaca préfabricada prefab betonnen palen
précompressão voordruk préconsolidação preconsolidatie pressão de pré- preconsolidatiedruk adensamento
préfabricação prefabricatie
estudo preliminar voorlopig onderzoek microestaca preliminar tijdelijke micropaal estaca preliminar voorlopige paal
pré-carga voorbelasten estaca pré-imjectada voorgeinjecteerde paal preservação bescherming pré-fissuração explosietechniek met initiele scheurvorming pressão, tensão druk impulso em repouso druk in rusttoestand bolbo de pressões druk bel manómetro drukopnemer
pré-esforçar voorspanning
consolidação primária primaire consolidatie projecto, projekt empreendimento carga de ensaio test belasting escora prop protecção bescherming revestimentos beschemende laag protectores
argila de amassar modderige klei
ensaio de trektest arrancamento bomba pomp betão bombado gepompt beton
ensaio de bombagem pomp test
ensaio de qualificação kwalificatie test controlo de qualidade kwaliteitscontrole pedreira groeve quartzo kwarts cais kade muro de cais kademuur sifonamento vloeiconditie cal viva vloeiend kalk areia movediça drijfzand
martelo de bate- persoon/apparaat estacas voor positioneren paal ensoleiramento geral balken fundering
caminho de ferro spoorweg
maço
maço heiblok
abaixamento rápido snelle inlinking (do reservatorio)
taquimetro snelheidsindicator velocidade de belastingssnelheid aplicação de carga broqueado, alargado met verlengde boor geboord
curva de ontlastingskrome empolamento, de descarga recarregar herladen recompressão hercompressie recuperação herstel
sapata retangular rechthoekige fundering marca, referencia referentiepunt
estaca de betão gewapende armado betonnen paal terra armada gewapende grond parede moldada gewapende armada
densidade relativa relatieve dichtheid relaxação relaxatie, ontspanning poço de alivio ontlastbronnen carga repetida herhaalde belasting
tensão residual restspanning, residuele spanning resina
momento resistente tegenwerkend moment frequencia de resonantiefrequenti ressonancia e
muro de suporte keerwand, keermuur agente retardador vertrager
fundação rigida stijve fundering muro rigido stijve wand enrocamento de steenaanvulling protecção rocha rots, gesteente
ancoragem em rocha rotsanker chumbadoros em rotsanker rocha
enrocamento steenaanvulling haste stang, staaf
sondagem com sonda roratyboring rotativa perfuração por rotary-slagboring percussão rotação draaiing, rotatie alinhamento de palenrij estacas escoamento afschot ruptura, rotura breuk, scheur carga de segurança toelaatbare belasting coeficiente de veiligheidsfactor segurança
sais zouten amostra monster, monstername remeximento de monsterverstoring amostra colher para colheita de monsterlepel amostras extractor monsternameboor areia zand
drenos de areia zanddrain estaca de areia zandpaal solo saturado
escala schaal escarificador escarpa verhang infra-escavação uitspoelen scraper scraper peneiro zeef estaca de rosca schroefpaal nivel do mar zeeniveau, zeespeigel molhe havendam
selar afdichten efeito sazonal seizoeneffect
compressao secundaire druk(- secundaria belasting)
sucção doorsnede rocha sedimentar sedimentgesteente
percolação fluxo de percolação
projecto sismico seismisch ontwerp velocidade sismica seismische snelheid
sismometro seismometer calda autoendurecida zelfhardende slurry peso próprio eigen gewicht
argila sensitiva gevoelige klei sensor sensor sequencia de estratos laagvolgorde ou camadas
presa (materiais) opstijving, verharding assentamento zetting
análise de zettingsanalyse assentamentos curva de zettingskromme assentamentos medição de zettingsmeting assentamentos placa para medição de zettingsplaat assentamentos tubo, conduta de riolering esgoto poço schacht diâmetro do fuste paaldoorsnede, paaldiameter
xisto schiste trincheira pouco ondiepe ontgraving profunda fundação superficial fundering op staal esforço de corte schuifkracht tensão de corte schuifspanning ensaio de corte schuifproef resistencia ao corte shuifsterkte
cortina de estacas- damwand pranchas corta-aguas em damwandscherm estacas-pranchas cortina de estacas- damwand pranchas estaca-prancha keerwand escoramento afschoring, stempeling betáo projectado spuitbeton
pá shovel contracção, retracção krimp
atrito lateral plaatselijke wrijving
peneiração, análise zeefanalyse por peneiração
silica silica silte silt decantar
local da obra bouwplaats (flemish: werf)
estudo no local bouwplaatsonderzo ek
atrito superficial schachtwrijving
laje plaat, strook ardosia
espelho de falha glijdschacht escorregamento afglijden deslizamento glijden
superficie de glijdvlak deslizamento talude helling rotura de talude bezwijken van helling
protecção de talude bescherming van helling ranhura paneel
assentamento slump
lama, pasta, calda (de slurry, perfuração) betonietspoeling
muro de lamas diepwand (bentoniticas) parede moldada de slurrywand lamas bentoníticas solo brando slappe grond
solo-cimento grond-cement caracteristicas do solo grondeigenschappe n
prospecção grondonderzoek
mecanica dos solos grondmechanica
humidade do solo grondvochtigheid particula de solo gronddeeltje perfil do solo bodemprofiel
estabilizaçao de um grondstabilisatie solo
escoras verticais stalen balk, stalen profiel elementos verticais de Berliner wand escoramento
inspecção sónica ultrasonore controle op paalschacht
ensaio sónico (ultra-)sonore, akoestische test sondagem sondering
espaçador afstandhouder espaçamento afstand vão overspanning peso especifico specifiek gewicht especificação specificatie
provete, amostra proefmonster
limpadeira de fenda pulsmonster-lepel
amostra colhida com Lepelsonde limpadeira ensoleiramento fundering-op-staal
ressurgencia, bron nascente estabilidade stabiliteit suspensão estável stabiele suspensie construção por gefaseerde bouw estágios (etapas)
normas normen, richtlijnen tubo vertical standpijp ensaio estático de statische carga proefbelasting ensaio de carga statische estático proefbelasting ensaio de carga estático ensaio estático duma statische estaca proefbelasting martelo a vapor stoomblok, stoomheiblok aço staal estaca de aço stalen paal
argila rija fissurada stijve klei rigidez stijfheid estribos, cintas beugel pedra steen
deformação rek extensometro rekmeter
estrato, camada laag resistencia sterkte tensão, esforço spanning concentração de spanningsconcentra tensoes tie distribuição de tensoes spanningsverdeling curva tensão- spannings-rek- deformação curve
fundação contínua strookfundering dano estrutural constructieve (bouw- )schade estrutura constructie, bouwwerk escora
escora stempel subleito ondergrond peso especifico imerso soortelijk gewicht onder water subsidencia bodemzakking, zetting subsolo ondergrond prospecção do grondonderzoek subsolo subsolo onder het bodemoppervlak sucção aanzuigen ensaio de controlo geschiktheidstest fossa pompput
apoio support, ondersteuning fluido de escavação steunvloeistof sobrecarga voorbelasting força de superficie oppervlaktekracht onda superficial oppervlaktegolf levantamentos uitzetten, landmeten
suspensão suspensie
sistema de ensaio systeemtest
tanque tank, container temperatura temperatuur ancoragem provisória tijdelijk anker
armadura verankering comprimento de verankeringslengte selagem duma armadura comprimento livre vrije ankerlengte duma armadura força de tracção trekkracht resistencia à tracção treksterkte tensao de tracção trekspanning tensão trek fenda de tracção trekscheur
estaca à tracção trekpaal aço traccionado trekstaal
depositos em terracos terrasafzetting ensaiar test, proef carga de ensaio proefbelasting carga de ensaio microestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal estaca de ensaio testpaal
procedimento de testprocedure ensaio maquina de ensaio testapparaat textura bodemstructuur, textuur teoria theorie propriedades termicas thermische eigenschappen
amostrador de parede dunwandig fina monsternameappar aat tioxtropia thixotropie
marés getijden tirante ancorado verankering
tirante trekstang rocha saliente sobre o dicht perfil de explosão moreia, conglomerado glaciale afzetting, argilo-arenoso keileem
inclinometro hellingsmeter estaca de madeira houten paal curva dos tijd-zakkings-curve assentamentos em função do tempo ponta de estaca paalpunt
rotura pelo pé do paalpuntbezwijken talude
terra vegetal toplaag
torsão torsie, wringing transductor, transducer manómetro zona de transição overgangszone
betonagem submersa onderwaterbeton
trincheira, vala paneel
microestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal estaca de ensaio proefpaal distribuição triangular driehoekige de carga belastingsverdeling aparelho triaxial triaxiaalapparaat camara triaxial proef voor driehoekige belastingsverdeling ensaio de compressao triaxiaalproef triaxial tubo de manchettes manchetbuis
laje armada segundo tweedimensionaal duas direcções belaste plaat
carga de rotura grensspanningsbela sting
carga de rotura grenslast (flemish: breuklast)
resistencia à compressão simples ensaio de compressão nao-adensado e nao- drenado dreno subterraneo, inferior subterraneo ondergrond reforço de fundação funderingsherstel
estaca de base alargada infiltração infiltratie subaquatico onderwater
amostra intacta ongeroerd monster resistencia ao corte ongedrianerde com teor de humidade schuifsterkte constante compressão uniaxial classificação unificada uniforme de solos bodemklassering coeficiente de ongelijkvormigheids uniformidade coefficient solo uniformemente bodem met graduado gelijkmatige korrelverdeling baridade subpressão opdrijvingsdruk
estacas de tracção trekpaal subpressões opdrijvingsdruk vacuo onderdruk, vacuüm trado-molinete vanetest-apparaat
argila estratificada
extensometro de corda trillingsmeter vibrante
vibração trillingen
cravação vibratoria de palen intrillen estaca
vibroflutuação vibroflotation curva virgem de initiele drukcurve compressão viscosidade viscociteit exame visual visuele inspectie, visueel onderzoek vazio holle ruimte, poriën indice de vazios poriëngetal
vulcão vulkaan volume volume, inhoud variação de volume volumeverandering
cinta, longarina gording
atrito lateral contra um wandwrijving muro sondagem por injecçao
água de injecção spoelwater sondagem por spoelboring injecção teor de humidade watergehalte
oscilação do nivel grondwaterfluctuati freático e relaçao agua-cimento water-cement-factor aquifero watervoerend relaçao água-cimento nivel de água waterstand impermeável waterdicht
onda, vaga golf
comprimento de onda golglengte
velocidade de onda golfsnelheid solo brando grond met geringe draagkracht
meteorização, erosão verwering por agente metereológico cunha wig travamento wiggen furo drenante, barbacã ontwateringsgat perda de peso gewichtsverlies poço bronnen revestimento (de um bronbuis poço) furo de drenagem bronnering tela filtrante para poço bronfilter estruturas portuárias, kadeconstructie de cais
madeira hout estaca de madeira houten paal preservativos para houtconservering madeira praticabilidade, verwerkbaarheid trabalhabilidade nivel de trabalho werkniveau microestaca de micropaal fundação microestaca de funderingspaal fundação raios-x röntgenstralen fluencia, escoamento, elasticiteitsgrens cedencia limite aparente de Strekgrens elasticidade tensão de cedência elasticiteitsgrens módulo de Young elasticiteitsmodulus ponto zero nulpunt zinco zink zona de saturação capilar zona de escoamento plástico do solo zona de escoamento doorstromingszone zona de empolamento zwelbereik, zwelzone mof