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  • Too Terrible to Relate: Dynamic Trauma in the Novels of Toni Morrison
    ABSTRACT HUMANITIES STAYTON, COREY C. B.A. XAVIER UNIVERSITY, 1994 M.A. CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 1997 TOO TERRIBLE TO RELATE: DYNAMIC TRAUMA IN THE NOVELS OF TONI MORRISON Committee Chair: Daniel Black, Ph.D. Dissertation dated May 2017 This study examines fictional representations of trauma as reflected in Toni Morrison’s novels Sula, Song of Solomon, and Beloved. By utilizing the theoretical modes of new historicism and trauma theory, the veil of double consciousness is explicated. The modes also help to expose the climate of trauma in the novels which produce various forms of dysfunction in the individual and the community. The unspoken atrocities experienced as a result of slavery, Jim Crow, and physical and sexual violence in many of Morrison’s novels suggest the common thread of trauma in the lives of the characters who experience similar events in Morrison’s stories. The particular traumas depicted in Morrison’s novels, Sula, Song of Solomon, and Beloved, damage agency, leading to detachment and paralysis in the individual. The scope of this study is limited to the novels Sula, Song of Solomon, and Beloved as they best illustrate trauma in Morrison’s characters and the damage that the pathology causes to agency, leading to detachment and paralysis in general. TOO TERRIBLE TO RELATE: DYNAMIC TRAUMA IN THE NOVELS OF TONI MORRISON A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY COREY STAYTON DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES ATLANTA, GEORGIA MAY 2017 © 2017 COREY C. STAYTON All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people who have made the writing of this dissertation a reality.
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  • Book Review of the Bluest Eye Written by Toni Morrison INTRODUCTION
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  • Congressional Record—Senate S6344
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  • Foregrounding Motherhood in Toni Morrison's Sula and Beloved Lindsay Green University of South Carolina Aiken, SC
    The Oswald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English Volume 3 | Issue 1 Article 5 2001 Foregrounding Motherhood in Toni Morrison's Sula and Beloved Lindsay Green University of South Carolina Aiken, SC Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor Part of the American Literature Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Literature in English, North America, Ethnic and Cultural Minority Commons Recommended Citation Green, Lindsay (2001) "Foregrounding Motherhood in Toni Morrison's Sula and Beloved," The Oswald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor/vol3/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The sO wald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Foregrounding Motherhood in Toni Morrison's Sula and Beloved Keywords Woman Studies, Motherhood, Toni Morrison This article is available in The sO wald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor/vol3/iss1/5 Foregrounding Motherhood in Toni Morrison's Sula and Beloved Lindsay Green University of South Carolina Aiken Aiken, SC n the fiction of Toni Morrison, the Mrican American woman emerges as a strong, central figure despite I circumstance.
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  • Issn 2249-4529
    ISSN 2249-4529 Lapis Lazuli An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) Vol.4 / NO.2/Autumn 2014 Music in Toni Morrioson’s sellected works Biman Mondal Abstract In my paper I would like to show African American music in the selected works of Toni Morrison more particularly in Song of Solomon, Jazz and her short story Recitatif. She did not forget the African culture in her works. It does not mean that she rejects the American culture. She shows how the music links to our life and produces the African American self in the losing identity. Key Words:- Music, Culture, Song, Black, etc. Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) ISSN 2249-4529 Vol.4/ NO.2/Autumn 2014 URL of the Journal- http://pintersociety.com/ URL of the Issue: http://pintersociety.com/vol-4-no- 2autumn-2014/ © www.pintersociety.com 260 | P a g e Lapis Lazuli -An International Literary Journal (LLILJ) African American culture in the United States includes the various cultural traditions of African ethnic groups. It is both part of and distinct from American culture. African American culture is indigenous to the descendants in the U.S. It is rooted in Africa and is an amalgam of chiefly sub- Saharan African and Sahelean cultures. African American culture often developed separately from mainstream American culture because of African Americans' desire to practice their own traditions, as well as the persistence of racial segregation in America. Consequently African American culture has become a significant part of American. The Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s followed in the wake of the non-violent American Civil Rights Movement.
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  • Author Biography Toni Morrison Discussion Guide
    TONI MORRISON DISCUSSION GUIDE (630) 232-0780 [email protected] AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY The second of the four children of George and Ramah (Willis) Wofford, Toni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford in Lorain, Ohio, a steel town twenty-five miles west of Cleveland. During the worst years of the Great Depression, her father worked as a car washer, a welder in a local steel mill, and road-construction worker, while her mother, a feisty, determined woman, dealt with callous landlords and impertinent social workers. "When an eviction notice was put on our house, she tore it off," Morrison remembered, as quoted in People. "If there were maggots in our flour, she wrote a letter to [President] Franklin Roosevelt. My mother believed something should be done about inhuman situations." In an article for the New York Times Magazine, Morrison discussed her parents' contrasting attitudes toward white society and the effect of those conflicting views on her own perception of the quality of black life in America. Ramah Wofford believed that, in time, race relations would improve; George Wofford distrusted "every word and every gesture of every white man on Earth." Both parents were convinced, however, that "all succor and aid came from themselves and their neighborhood." Consequently, Morrison, although she attended a multiracial school, was raised in "a basically racist household" and grew up "with more than a child's contempt for white people." After graduating with honors from high school in 1949, Toni Morrison enrolled at Howard University in Washington, DC. Morrison devoted most of her free time to the Howard University Players, a campus theater company she described as "a place where hard work, thought, and talent" were praised and "merit was the only rank." She often appeared in campus productions, and in the summers she traveled throughout the South with a repertory troupe made up of faculty members and students.
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  • Motherhood and the Heritage of Slavery in Toni Morrison's Novels
    Högskolan i Skövde School of Humanities and Informatics English Motherhood and the Heritage of Slavery in Toni Morrison’s Novels Sula and Beloved Johanna Wising English C-Course Autumn 2008 Tutor: Rose Bloem Wising 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................2 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND...............................................................................3 2. MOTHERHOOD .......................................................................................................6 3. THE MOTHERS IN SULA AND BELOVED .........................................................10 3.1 Sethe...................................................................................................................10 3.2 Eva .....................................................................................................................16 4. COMPARISON OF THE MOTHERS ....................................................................26 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................30 WORKS CITED ..........................................................................................................32 Wising 2 INTRODUCTION This essay will focus on motherhood and the effects of slavery in the lives of mothers in two novels by Toni Morrison, Sula and Beloved. The emphasis of this study will be on how Morrison portrays single mothers whose lives are influenced by slavery. The essay will compare
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  • Slavery in Early America As Portrayed in Toni Morrison's a Mercy And
    Vol. 6(5), pp. 100-109, October 2018 DOI: 10.14662/IJELC2018.063 International Journal of Copy© right 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article English Literature and ISSN: 2360-7831 http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/IJELC/Index.htm Culture Research Paper Slavery in early America as Portrayed in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy and other novels Dr. Ferdinand KPOHOUE English Department/FLLAC/UAC. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 24 October 2018 Since the publication of her debut novel in 1970, Toni Morrison is interested in the black community in America characterized by community life, gossips, and solidarity. However this community is victim of slavery and segregation due to skin complexion. The publication of A Mercy in 2008 has provided a new dimension to the scope of her literary motivation. She has gone deep in the history of America at the beginning of the settlement of Europeans in the 1680’s to uncover the universal form of slavery without racism including Europeans, native Americans, and blacks. They were servants owned by the gentry that submitted them to harsh work and difficult conditions. In A Mercy there exist slaves, indentured servants, and freed blacks. The objective of this research paper is to explore the slavery system without racial pigmentation unknown or forgotten in America. As a matter of fact, Jacob Vaark’s farm is a sample selected by Morrison to portray the bondage pattern in the 1680’s. Messalina is shortened (Lina), she is an Indian native on the farm. Florens is offered by her mother to pay the debt of her master.
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  • Bird Imagery in Toni Morrison' S Novels
    Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, n ° 7 (2000), pp. 75 - 84 BROKEN WINGS OF FREEDOM: BIRD IMAGERY IN TONI MORRISON' S NOVELS SUSANA VEGA ÜONZÁLEZ Universidad de Oviedo Lingering spirit of the dead, rise up and possess your bird of passage! Haile Gerima, Sankofa Among the severa! literary concepts that could be applied to Toni Morrison's novels are those of metaphor and symbol. In her book Specifying: Black Women Writing the American Experience, Susan Willis characterizes Morrison's writing as «the most metaphorical of today's black women authors» (Willis 1987: 8). Thus critics have paid attention to her use of elements like water, fire, and earth, for instance, as well as her employment of nature, whose narrative life turns it into one more character. But little critica! attention has been paid to bird imagery in this writer, in spite of the fact that it is an impo1tant aspect in her narrative that effectively contributes to her portrayal of the most negative side of African American social reality in the United States. When dealing with metaphors in African American women writers, Jacqueline de Weever argues that «[t)he images that build the metaphors are culled from nature, from creatures of the earth in most cases, with crea tu res of the air -the bird for example- used occasionally» (De Weever 1991 : 62). However, in the case of Toni Morrison, it is frequently rather than occasionally that she uses birds -and their flight- as metaphor. It is the purpose of thi s essay to ascertain whether the image of the bird is utilized with its usual traditional symbolism of freedom or if that a<>sociation is revised.
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  • Toni Morrison's Sula: an Image of a New World Woman
    IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 26, Issue 3, Series 10 (March. 2021) 34-37 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Toni Morrison’s Sula: an Image of a New World Woman Dr. Bharati Sukalal Khairnar Associate Professor and Head, Department of English, S.P.H. Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Malegaon Camp, Dist. Nashik, MS, Savitribai Phule Pune University --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 16-03-2021 Date of Acceptance: 31-03-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Toni Morrison has been experimenting with fiction from the beginning of a literary career with The Bluest Eye. It is useful to recognise Morrison's expertize in Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner, two Masters of experimentation in the novel. Morrison's second novel Sula is set in a fictional town of Medallion, Ohio. Sula was enthusiastically received by literary critics and reviewers. Nominated for the National Book award this rich and moving novel traces the lives of two black heroines from their growing up together in a small Ohio town through their sharply divergent paths of womanhood, to their ultimate confrontation and reconciliation. The one, Nel Wright chooses to remain in the place of her birth, to marry, to raise a family and to become a pillar of the tightly knit black community. The Other, Sula Peace rejects all that Nel has accepted. She escapes to college and submerges herself in the city life. When she returns to her roots it is a rebel, a mocker and a wanton sexual seductress. Both Women must suffer the consequences of their choices, both must decide if they can afford to harbour the love they have for each other and both combine to create an unforgettable rendering of what it means and costs to exist and survive as a black woman in America.
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  • Social and Cultural Alienation in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby
    Social and Cultural Alienation in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby Lina Hsu National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences I. Introduction As one of the most important contemporary American writers, Toni Morrison has published nine novels. Tar Baby, her fourth novel, has received the least attention among her early novels. It is “the least admired, least researched, and least taught” (Pereira 72). The reason may be two-folded: First, the novel does not focus exclusively on African-American people’s experience. Unlike other works by Morrison, Tar Baby contains much description of a white family. Although the black young man and woman, Son and Jadine, are recognized as the major characters of the book, Morrison explores the experience of the retired white man, Valerian, his wife, and his son with the same deliberation. For critics seeking the purely “black style” to prove Morrison’s originality, a novel with much attention on white people’s life does not seem to be a likely choice. Secondly, Tar Baby has received little critical attention because it is called the “most problematic and unresolved novel” among Morrison’s works (Peterson 471). Morrison’s writing does not merely disclose African-American people’s suffering and struggle. Most importantly, it points out the significance of cultural identification as a way to achieve self-identity. The Bluest Eyes embodies the devastating effect of denying one’s ethnic features. Sula applauds an African-American girl’s pursuit of the self. Son of Solomon celebrates a black male’s quest of his own culture. Beloved, the most widely discussed novel, indicates the way to healing from the traumatic past in the form of traditional culture.
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