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CHANGING LIVES PPUBLICATIONS,UBLICATIONS, PPRESENTATIONSRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORSCOLLABORATORS 2009-102009-10

_A 1_ PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 Parsons MW, PengB, Anderson CS [Epub aheadofprint]. Auckland, NewZealand. pain followingcarcrashes:apopulation-basedstudyfrom S,ConnorJ, Tin Ameratunga S,Tin Disorders falls inpeoplewithParkinson’s disease. muscle powerisassociatedwithslowerwalkingvelocityand (INTERACT). Pressure ReductioninAcuteCerebral HaemorrhageTrial edema inacuteintracerebral hemorrhage:theIntensiveBlood treatment onthegrowth ofhematomaandperihematomal Wang JG.Effects ofearlyintensivebloodpressure lowering Tai LW, ZhangJL,XuE,ChengY, LB, Morgenstern Allen NE, Anna V trial. patients withtype2diabetesmellitus:arandomisedcontrolled glucose control onincidenceandprogression ofretinopathy in D, StolkR).Effects ofbloodpressure loweringandintensive Cruickshank J,HughesA,StantonLuThomS,Grobbee (Writing Committee:Beulens J, AdRem Project Team andADVANCE ManagementCommittee. a single-caseexperimentalstudy. Computerized tracking to train dexterity after cerebellar tumour: Ada L, Journals Peer-Reviewed D, Huxley R Asia Pacifi 2009;73:1963-8. intracerebral hemorrhage:theINTERACTtrial. Anderson CS Zhang JL,XuE,ChengY, LB, Morgenstern MW, Peng B, Arima H Stroke hemorrhage related toamyloid a perindopril-based loweringofbloodpressure onintracerebral MG, Arima H study. blood pressure levelsondifferent typesofstroke: theHisayama J Sullivan S, Outcomes SurveillanceSystem.(Writing Committee:SeppeltI, ANZIC Infl Mt SinaiJournalofMedicine smoking, with and without concurrent alcohol consumption. The risk of upper aero digestive tract cancer associated with Ansary-Moghaddam A, association. of cardiovascular diseaseforwomen:limitedevidenceofan the relationship betweenbodymass indexandcoronary Feigin V, Arima H Hypertension cerebrovascular disease:thePROGRESStrial. vascular eventsinAsianandWestern participantswith Perindopril-based bloodpressure loweringreduces major M Arima H Medical Journal and postpartumwomen:populationbasedcohortstudy. SAR). Criticalillnessdueto2009A/H1N1infl S, NguyenN,PeekMJ,PollockW, Vaughan G,Wang YA, Web McArthur C,McDonnellN,McLintockMorganTJ,Morrison , FukuharaM,MatsumuraK,IidaKiyoharaY. Impactof , MacMahonS,NealB Czernichow S Czernichow Diabetologia MacMahon S . 2010;41:394-6. Journal ofHypertension Sherrington C , Woodward M Woodward M , Wang JG, , TzourioC, , Tanizaki Y, Yonemoto K,DoiY, , . 2010;16:261-4. cCohortStudiesCollaboration. (Writing Committee, uenza Investigators and Australasian Maternity uenzaInvestigatorsandAustralasianMaternity Sherrington C , NakamuraK,LamT, Anderson C Bellomo R Womens Health Stroke . 2010,28:395-400. Li Q , . Signifi HuangY . 2010,340:c1279. . 2009;52(10):2027-36. , UeshimaH,KimWong J,FangX, , . 2010,41:307-12. Su S , AndersonC Huang Y Neal B canceofperihematomaledemainacute , EllwoodD, , CanningCG,DeanCM,ScianniA. Li Q , OmaeT, LiuL,TzourioC, , Tao QL, Huxley R ). Impactofcigarette smokingon . Frequency ofmigraineandtherisk , , CanningCG,FungVS.Reduced Internal MedicineJournal ArimaH,HeeleyE , , SuS,Tao RodgersA . 2009,76:392-403. , . 2009,5:625-8. Chalmers J . 2009;27:2437-43. , Heeley E Patel A Barzi F Brain Injury ngiopathy: the PROGRESS trial. Li YC , LamT, , Finfer S Woodward M Norton R QL, LiYC, , JiangJD,Tai LW, , , WhitlockG,Batty , Vingerling J, , Vingerling ChalmersJ Parkinsonism &Related . Effects of , Ninomiya T Woodward M Skulina C , HoweB,KnightM, Chalmers J . 2009;23:702-6. uenzainpregnant Journal of . Chronic neck , Neurology Skulina C Jiang JD, Woodward . 2009; Chalmers J , Bousser . , Parsons , , Hata . British . , , therapy incriticallyillpatients. Scheinkestel C, Lo S,McArthurC,McGuinness Lim U,Tangrea J, J, Virtamo Brock K, Graubard B, Fraser D, Weinstein S, Stolzenberg-Solomonthe DRIVEstudy. R, crashes amongyoungAsianAustraliandrivers:fi M Boufous S 2009;90:1571-7. cord injury. for measuringunsupportedsittinginpeoplewithaspinal Middleton J,Lord S.Validity andreliability ofassessmenttools D,HarveyL, Boswell-Ruys C,Sturnieks Critical CareandResuscitation saline oralbuminresuscitation onstandard coagulationtests. Uchino S,NakaT, Bellomo R Medicine Bellomo R Oncology Asia: theAsiaPacifi Ueshima H, Batty GD, Collaboration. liver cancermortalityinAsia:TheAsiaPacifi Batty G,ShipleyM,GunnellD, in AsiaCollaboration. diverse populationsoftheAsiaPacifi dyslipidaemia usinganthropometric measures inethnically Suriyawongpaisal P, J, JanusE,LearS, Barzi F Stroke attention process training:arandomizedcontrolled trial. Rodgers A Barker-Collo SL,FeiginVL,LawesCM,ParagV, SeniorH, and EnvironmentalMedicine heart failure: negativeresults intreated patients. J, SeatonA.Apanelstudyofairpollutioninsubjectswith Barclay J, Miller B, Dick S, Dennekamp M, Ford I, Cochrane DatabaseofSystematicReviews erythropoietin-resistant anaemiaindialysispatients.Protocol. Macdougall IC, Badve SV, BellerE, 2009;104:1446-51. Brock K, Huang W, Fraser D, Clinical Nutrition of middle-agedmalesmokersinFinland. Predictors ofvitaminDbiochemicalstatusinalargesample K, KimHC,FangX,LamTH, Batty GD, Economics andHumanBiology An overviewwithnewdatafrom three longitudinalstudies. Woodward M peripheral arterialdisease. fi Muntner P. Combinedrole ofreduced estimatedglomerular Baber U,MannD,Shimbo 2009;13:294. individuals intheAsiaPacifi heart disease:3264stroke and2706CHDeventsin378579 Steroid Biochemistry andMolecularBiology Steroid Biochemistry of healthymiddle-aged menandwomen. inactivity, obesity and low vitamin D intake in a large US sample Graubard B.LowvitaminDstatusisassociated with physical Peters U,AhnJ,Purdue M,MasonR,McCartyC,Ziegler ltrationrateandmicroalbuminuria ontheprevalence of , Chen HY . 2009;40:3293-8. , Woodward M . 2009;361:1627-38. . 2010;21:646-54. Barzi F Barzi F , , MorimatsuH,Presneill J,French C,ColeL,StoryD, , . Reducingattentiondefi Archives ofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation Huxley RR Ivers R Cass A , LamLT. Riskydrivingbehavior androad traffi Cancer Epidemiology , Su S Perkovic V Lee C . 2010;64(3):280-8. Traffi , , Patel A Finfer S Huxley R cCohortStudiesCollaboration. Woodward M , ColeL, , Cass A Huxley R . Intensityofcontinuousrenal-replacement Senserrick T c Injury Prevention cInjury Obesity Reviews , SmithG.Height,wealth,andhealth: . Adultheightandcancermortalityin , Czernichow S Czernichow , CatersonI,PatelJ,LamTH, , CooperDJ, Ke L American JournalofCardiology cregion. , Francis DP, Hawley C, C, DP, Hawley Francis , , JohnsonDW. Interventionsfor . 2009;66:325-34. , Chang CY, Jee SH, Jamrozik Woodward M Woodward Ke L Finfer S Woodward M . Thediscriminationof . 2009;11:250-6. New EnglandJournalof . 2009;7:137-52. , Tseng M, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Huxley R , SnyderK,AlbanesD. Myburgh J , Jamrozik K,Woo J,KimHC, , citsafterstroke using Norton R cRegion:TheObesity . 2009;33:469-72. , BMC PublicHealth . 2010;11(2):127-36. Gallagher M Sherrington C Myburgh J , . 2010;11:222-7. , KivimakiM, European Journalof Lee C c Cohort Studies . 2010;Issue1. The Journalof . Obesity and . 2010;121:462-6. , OlinJ, , , Stevenson Norton R , Kang ndingsfrom Occupational Hillis G . Effects of Annals of , , . , Ayres , . c . Broderick CR, Herbert RD, Latimer J, Curtin JA. Fitness China QUEST Investigators. (Writing Committee: Wei JW, and quality of life in children with haemophilia. Haemophilia. Arima H, Huang Y, Wang JG, Yang Q, Liu Z, Liu M, Lu C, 2010;16:118-23. Heeley EL, Anderson CS). Variation in the frequency of Brugts J, Isaacs A, Boersma E, van Duijn C, Uitterlinden A, intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in China: a Remme W, Bertrand M, Ninomiya T, Ceconi C, Chalmers J, national, multicentre, hospital register study. Cerebrovascular MacMahon S, Fox K, Ferrari R, Witteman J, Danser AH, Diseases. 2010;29:321-7. Simoons M, de Maat M. Genetic determinants of treatment Chow C, Joshi R, Gottumukkala A, Raju K, Raju R, Reddy benefi t of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor S, MacMahon S, Neal B. Rationale and design of the Rural perindopril in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Andhra Pradesh Cardiovascular Prevention Study (RAPCAPS): European Heart Journal. 2010; [Epub ahead of print]. a factorial, cluster-randomized trial of 2 practical cardiovascular Butler A, Menant J, Tiedemann A, Lord S. Age and gender disease prevention strategies developed for rural Andhra differences in seven tests of functional mobility. Journal of Pradesh, India. American Heart Journal. 2009;158:349-55. Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 2009;6:31. Chow CK, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, Fox KA, Anand SS, Yusuf Cadilhac DA, Lannin NA, Anderson CS, Levi CR, Faux S, S. Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modifi cation Price C, Middleton S, Lim J, Thrift AG, Donnan GA. Protocol with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary and pilot data for establishing the Australian Stroke Clinical syndromes. Circulation. 2010;121:750-8. Registry. International Journal of Stroke. 2010;5:217-26. Chow CK, Lock K, Teo K, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Yusuf S. Chadban S, Howell M, Twigg S, Thomas M, Jerums G, Environmental and societal infl uences acting on cardiovascular Cass A, Campbell D, Nicholls K, Tong A, Mangos G, Stack risk factors and disease at a population level: a review. A, McIsaac R, Girgis S, Colagiuri R, Colagiuri S, Craig J. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;38:1580-94. Assessment of kidney function in type 2 diabetes. Nephrology. Chow CK, Moayyedi P, Devereaux PJ. Is it safe to use a proton 2010;15(S1):S146-61. pump inhibitor with clopidogrel? Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Chadban S, Howell M, Twigg S, Thomas M, Jerums G, Cass A, Wewnetrznej. 2009;119:564-8. Campbell D, Nicholls K, Tong A, Mangos G, Stack A, McIsaac Clarke E, Martin J, Herbert R. Assumption of a ‘gravity only R, Girgis S, Colagiuri R, Colagiuri S, Craig J. Prevention and/ region’ for gravity correction of passive joint moment data may or management of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. be problematic. Journal of Biomechanics. 2010:[Epub ahead Nephrology. 2010;15(S1):S162-94. of print]. Chadban S, Howell M, Twigg S, Thomas M, Jerums G, Cass A, Clarke PM, Glasziou P, Patel A, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Campbell D, Nicholls K, Tong A, Mangos G, Stack A, McIsaac Harrap SB, Salomon JA. Event rates, hospital utilization, R, Girgis S, Colagiuri R, Colagiuri S, Craig J. Cost-effectiveness and costs associated with major complications of diabetes: and socioeconomic implications of prevention and a multicountry comparative analysis. PLoS Medicine. management of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. 2010;7:e1000236. Nephrology. 2010;15(S1):S195-205. CONTROL Group. (Writing Committee: Turnbull F, Abraira C, Chalmers J, Arima H. Importance of blood pressure lowering Anderson R, Byington R, Chalmers J, Duckworth W, Evans in type 2 diabetes: focus on ADVANCE. Journal of Cardiovascular G, Gerstein H, Holman R, Mortiz T, Neal B, Ninomiya T, Pharmacology. 2010;55:340-7. Patel A, Paul S, Travert F, Woodward M). Intensive glucose Chan R, Brooks R, Gallagher M, Erlich J, Snelling P, Chow control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. J, Suranyi M. Measuring kidney disease-related loss in the Diabetologia 2009;52:2288-98. samples of pre-dialysis and dialysis patients: validating the Cook D, Burns K, Finfer S, Kissoon N, Bhagwanjee S, Annane kidney disease loss scale. Clinical Journal of the American D, Sprung CL, Fowler R, Latronico N, Marshall J. Clinical Society of Nephrology. 2010:[Epub ahead of print]. research ethics for critically ill patients: a pandemic proposal. Chen HY, Ivers RQ, Martiniuk AL, Boufous S, Senserrick Critical Care Medicine. 2010;38:e138-42. T, Woodward M, Stevenson M, Norton R. Socioeconomic Costa L, Maher C, Latimer J, Hodges P, Herbert R, status and risk of car crash injury, independent of place of Refshauge K, McAuley J, Jennings M. Motor control exercise residence and driving exposure: results from the DRIVE Study. for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2010:[Epub trial. Physical Therapy. 2009;89:1275-86. ahead of print]. Costa LO, Maher CG, Moseley AM, Sherrington C, Chen HY, Ivers RQ, Martiniuk AL, Boufous S, Senserrick T, Herbert RD, Elkins MR. Endorsement of trial registration and Woodward M, Stevenson M, Williamson A, Norton R. Risk the CONSORT statement by the Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia. and type of crash among young drivers by rurality of residence: Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia. 2010;14:v-vi. fi ndings from the DRIVE Study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. Cuthbertson BH, Croal BL, Rae D, Gibson PH, McNeilly JD, 2009;41(4): 676-82. Jeffrey RR, Smith WC, Prescott GJ, Buchan KG, El-Shafei H, Chen HY, Senserrick T, Chang HY, Ivers RQ, Martiniuk AL, Gibson GA, Hillis GS. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide Boufous S, Norton R. Road crash trends for young drivers in levels and early outcome after cardiac surgery: a prospective New South Wales, Australia, from 1997 to 2007. Traffi c Injury cohort study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2009;103:647-53. Prevention. 2010;11:8-15. Czernichow S, Kengne AP, Huxley RR, Batty GD, de Galan Chen HY, Senserrick T, Martiniuk AL, Ivers RQ, Boufous B, Grobbee D, Pillai A, Zoungas S, Marre M, Woodward M, S, Chang HY, Norton R. Fatal crash trends for Australian Neal B, Chalmers J, on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative young drivers 1997-2007: geographic and socioeconomic Group. Comparison of waist-to-hip ratio and other obesity differentials. Journal of Safety Research. 2010;41:123-8. indices as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in people Chen J, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Flabouris A, Finfer S. Triggers for with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study from emergency team activation: a multicenter assessment. Journal of ADVANCE. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Critical Care. 2010;25:359 e1-7. Rehabilitation. 2010; [Epub ahead of print]. Chen J, Flabouris A, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Finfer S. Baseline Czernichow S, Lee C, Barzi F, Greenfi eld J, Baur L, hospital performance and the impact of medical emergency Chalmers J, Woodward M, Huxley R. Effi cacy of weight loss teams: modelling vs. conventional subgroup analysis. Trials. drugs on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese 2009;10:117. adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Obesity Reviews. 2010;11(2):150-8. _2 Czernichow S, Ninomiya T, Huxley R, Kengne AP, Elkins MR, Redfern J. Is ‘fast tracking’ to Phase IV as effective Batty GD, Grobbee DE, Woodward M, Neal B, Chalmers J. as standard cardiac rehabilitation? International Journal of Impact of blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes Cardiology. 2010; [Epub ahead of print]. in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals: the Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Bahr R, Broderick C, Dvorak Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study trial. J, Janarv P, Johnson A, Leglise M, Mamisch T, McKay D, Hypertension. 2010;55:1193-8. Micheli L, Schamasch P, Singh G, Stafford D, Steen H. The Czernichow S, Vergnaud AC, Galan P, Arnaud J, Favier International Olympic Committee consensus statement on A, Faure H, Huxley R, Hercberg S, Ahluwalia N. Effects of age determination in high-level young athletes. British Journal long-term antioxidant supplementation and association of serum of Sports Medicine. 2010;44(7):476-84. antioxidant concentrations with risk of metabolic syndrome in Eyles H, Rodgers A, Ni Mhurchu C. Use of electronic sales adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009;90:329-35. data to tailor nutrition education resources for an ethnically Czernichow S, Zanchetti A, Turnbull F, Barzi F, Ninomiya T, diverse population. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Kengne AP, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Perkovic V, 2010;23(1):38-47. Huxley R, Arima H, Patel A, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Ferreira ML, Borges BM, Rezende IL, Carvalho LP, Soares LP, MacMahon S, Neal B, on behalf of the Blood Pressure Dabes RA, Carvalho G, Drummond AS, Machado GC, Ferreira Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. The effects of PH. Are neck pain scales and questionnaires compatible with blood pressure reduction and of different blood pressure the international classifi cation of functioning, disability and lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events according health? A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation. to baseline blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. 2010;32:1539-46. Journal of Hypertension. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]. Ferreira ML, Machado G, Latimer J, Maher C, Ferreira PH, Dandona L, Raban M, Guggilla R, Bhatnagar A, Dandona Smeets RJ. Factors defi ning care-seeking in low back pain – R. Trends of public health research output from India during a meta-analysis of population based surveys. European Journal 2001-2008. BMC Medicine. 2009;7:59. of Pain. 2009;14:747 e1-7. Dandona R, Anil Kumar G, Ameratunga S, Dandona L. Road Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML, Maher CG, Refshauge K, Herbert use pattern and risk factors for non-fatal road traffi c injuries RD, Hodges PW. Changes in recruitment of transversus among children in urban India. Injury. 2009; [Epub ahead of print]. abdominis correlate with disability in people with chronic Dandona R, Kumar GA, Ivers R, Joshi R, Neal B, Dandona low back pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010;[Epub L. Characteristics of non-fatal fall injuries in rural India. Injury ahead of print]. Prevention. 2010;16:166-71. Fezeu L, Balkau B, Sobngwi E, Kengne AP, Vol S, Ducimetiere Dean C, Rissel C, Sharkey M, Sherrington C, Cumming R, P, Mbanya JC. Waist circumference and obesity-related Barker R, Lord S, O’Rourke S, Kirkham C. Exercise intervention abnormalities in French and Cameroonian adults: the role of to prevent falls and enhance mobility in community dwellers urbanization and ethnicity. International Journal of Obesity. after stroke: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC 2010;34:446-53. Neurology. 2009;22:38. Fezeu L, Kengne AP, Balkau B, Awah PK, Mbanya JC. Ten-year de Galan BE, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Anderson C, Dufouil change in blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension C, Pillai A, Cooper M, Grobbee DE, Hackett M, Hamet P, in urban and rural Cameroon. Journal of Epidemiology and Heller SR, Lisheng L, MacMahon S, Mancia G, Neal B, Pan CY, Community Health. 2010;64:360-5. Patel A, Poulter N, Travert F, Woodward M. Cognitive Finch CF, Boufous S. Sport/leisure injury hospitalisation rates function and risks of cardiovascular disease and hypoglycaemia – evidence for an excess burden in remote areas. Journal of in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Action in Diabetes Science and Medicine in Sport. 2009;12:628-32. and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modifi ed Finfer S. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: robust evaluation Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Diabetologia. and high-quality primary research is still needed. Critical Care 2009;52(11):2328-36. Medicine. 2010;38:683-4. Delahunt E, Coughlan GF, Caulfi eld B, Nightingale EJ, Lin CW, Finfer S. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: robust evaluation Hiller CE. Inclusion criteria when investigating insuffi ciencies PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 and high-quality primary research is still needed. Intensive Care in chronic ankle instability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Medicine. 2010;36:187-9. Exercise. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]. Flabouris A, Chen J, Hillman K, Bellomo R, Finfer S. Timing Delcourt C, Huang Y, Wang J, Heeley E, Lindley R, Stapf C, and interventions of emergency teams during the MERIT study. Tzourio C, Arima H, Parsons M, Sun J, Neal B, Chalmers J, Resuscitation. 2010;81:25-30. Anderson C. The second (main) phase of an open, randomised, multicentre study to investigate the effectiveness of an intensive Fredrickson J, Maruff P, Woodward M, Moore L, Fredrickson blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial A, Sach J, Darby D. Evaluation of the usability of a brief (INTERACT2). International Journal of Stroke. 2010;5:110-6. computerized cognitive screening test in older people for epidemiological studies. Neuroepidemiology. 2010;34(2):65-75. Demoulin C, Verbunt JA, Winkens B, Knottnerus JA, Smeets RJ. Usefulness of perceived level of exertion in patients Gallagher M, Oliver K, Hurwitz M. Improving the use of with chronic low back pain attending a physical training venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in an Australian teaching programme. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2010;32:216-22. hospital. Quality & Safety in Health Care. 2009;18:408-12. Du W, Finch CF, Hayen A, Bilston L, Brown J, Hatfi eld Gallagher MP, Cass A, Craig JC. Applying evidence into J. Relative benefi ts of population-level interventions routine clinical care at a unit level: the exemplar of renal targeting restraint-use in child car passengers. Pediatrics. anaemia management. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010;15:429-33. 2010;125:304-12. Gallagher MP, Kelly PJ, Jardine M, Perkovic V, Cass Edwards K, Keay L, Naduvilath T, Stapleton F. A population A, Craig JC, Eris J, Webster AC. Long-term cancer risk of survey of the penetrance of contact lens wear in Australia: immunosuppressive regimens after kidney transplantation. rationale, methodology and results. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2010;21:852-8. 2009;16:275-80. Gibson P, Cuthbertson B, Croal B, Rae D, El-Shafei H, Gibson Elkins M, Maher C, Herbert R, Moseley A, Sherrington C. G, Jeffrey R, Buchan K, Hillis G. Usefulness of neutrophil / Correlation between the Journal Impact Factor and three other lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of new-onset atrial fi brillation journal citation indices. Scientometrics. 2010;85(1):81-93. following coronary artery bypass grafting. American Journal of Cardiology. 2010;105(2):186-91. 3_ Gibson PH, Croal BL, Cuthbertson BH, Rae D, McNeilly JD, Heerspink Lambers H, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Woodward Gibson G, Jeffrey RR, Buchan KG, El-Shafei H, Hillis GS. Use M, Zoungas S, Cass A, Cooper M, Grobbee D, Mancia G, of preoperative natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic Mogensen C, Neal B, Chalmers J. The effects of a fi xed parameters in predicting new-onset atrial fi brillation after combination of perindopril and indapamide in patients with type coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective comparative 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. European Heart Journal. study. American Heart Journal. 2009;158:244-51. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]. Gillespie J, Essue B, Leeder SR, Thow AM. Grasping the Henderson K, Worth H, Aggleton P, Kippax S. Enhancing initiative in health policy research and reform. Medical Journal HIV prevention requires addressing the complex relationship of Australia. 2009;191:528-9. between prevention and treatment. Global Public Health. Gower EW, Keay LJ, Oechsler RA, Iovieno A, Alfonso EC, Jones 2009;4:117-30. DB, Colby K, Tuli SS, Patel SR, Lee SM, Irvine J, Stulting RD, Henderson WR, Finfer S. Differences in outcome between Mauger TF, Schein OD. Trends in fungal keratitis in the United the NICE-SUGAR and Leuven trials: possible methodological States, 2001 to 2007. Ophthalmology. 2010;[Epub ahead explanations. Critical Care and Resuscitation. 2009;11:175-7. of print]. Henschke N, Kuijpers T, Rubinstein S, van Middelkoop M, Griesdale D, de Souza R, van Dam R, Heyland D, Cook D, Ostelo R, Verhagen A. Injection therapy and denervation Malhotra A, Dhaliwal R, Henderson W, Talmor D, Chittock procedures for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. D, Finfer S. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among European Spine Journal. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]. critically ill patients: A meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR Henschke N, Maher C, Refshauge K, Herbert R, Cumming study data. Canadian Medical Association Journal. R, Bleasel J. Prevalence of and screening for serious spinal 2009;180:821-7. pathology in patients presenting to primary care with acute Hackett M, Anderson C, House A, Xia J. Interventions for low back pain. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2009;60:3072-80. treating depression after stroke. Stroke. 2009;40:e487-8. Henschke N, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW, Vlaeyen JW, Morley Hackett ML, Carter G, Crimmins D, Clarke T, Maddock K, S, Assendelft WJ, Main CJ. Behavioural treatment for chronic Sturm JW. Improving outcomes after stroke clinical pilot trial low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. protocol. International Journal of Stroke. 2010;5:52-6. 2010;7:CD002014. Hackett ML, Hill KM, Hewison J, Anderson CS, House AO. Herbert R. Extrapolation of the interpolated twitch-voluntary Stroke survivors who score below threshold on standard torque relationship is misleading. [Commentary on Taylor JL, depression measures may still have negative cognitions of de Haan A, Gerrits KH, de Ruiter CJ. Point: Counterpoint: The concern. Stroke. 2010;41:478-81. interpolated twitch does / does not provide a valid measure Hackett ML, Yang M, Anderson CS, Horrocks JA, House A. of the voluntary activation of muscle.]. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical interventions for emotionalism after stroke. Physiology. 2009;107(1):365. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;2:CD003690. Hillis G, Cuthbertson B, Gibson P, McNeilly J, Maclennan Hackett M, Yang M, Anderson C, Horrocks J, House A. G, Jeffrey R, Buchan K, El-Shafei H, Gibson G, Croal B. Pharmaceutical interventions for emotionalism after stroke. Uric acid levels and outcome from coronary artery bypass Stroke. 2010;41:e460-e461. grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2009;138:200-5. Hancock M, Maher C, Latimer J, McLachlan A, Day R, Davies R. Can predictors of responders to NSAIDs be identifi ed in Hollis S, Stevenson M, McIntosh A, Shores A, Collins patients with acute low back pain? Clinical Journal of Pain. M, Taylor C. Incidence, risk and protective factors of 2009;25:659-70. mild traumatic brain injury in a cohort of Australian non-professional rugby players. American Journal of Sports Haran MJ, Cameron ID, Ivers RQ, Simpson JM, Lee BB, Tanzer Medicine. 2009;37:2328-33. M, Porwal M, Kwan MM, Severino C, Lord SR. Effect on falls of providing single lens distance vision glasses to multifocal Howard K, White S, Salkeld G, McDonald S, Craig JC, glasses wearers: VISIBLE randomised controlled trial. British Chadban S, Cass A. Cost-effectiveness of screening and Medical Journal. 2010;340:c2265. optimal management for diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: a modeled analysis. Value in Health. Harvey L, Herbert RD, Stadler M. Effect of wrist position on 2010;13:196-208. thumb fl exor and adductor torques in paralysed hands of people with tetraplegia. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). Hudson H, Ma J. On asymptotic convergence of the 2010;25:194-8. block-iterative Fisher scoring algorithm. Statistics and Probability Letters. 2010;80(11-12):922-5. Harvey LA, Brosseau L, Herbert RD. Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with Hush J, Herbert R. Scientifi c fraud in physiotherapy: arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. prevention is better than cure. Editorial. Australian Journal 2010;3:CD004260. of Physiotherapy. 2009;55:77-8. Head GA, Mihailidou AS, Duggan KA, Beilin LJ, Berry N, Brown Hush J, Refshauge K, Sullivan G, De Souza L, McAuley J. MA, Bune AJ, Cowley D, Chalmers JP, Howe PR, Hodgson J, Do numerical rating scales and the Roland-Morris Disability Ludbrook J, Mangoni AA, McGrath BP, Nelson MR, Sharman JE, Questionnaire capture changes that are meaningful to Stowasser M. Defi nition of ambulatory blood pressure targets patients with persistent back pain? Clinical Rehabilitation. for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in relation to 2010;24(7):648-57. clinic blood pressure: prospective cohort study. British Medical Huxley R, Clifton P, Perkovic V, Woodward M, Neal B. How Journal. 2010;340:c1104. many Australian deaths from heart disease and stroke could be Heeley E, Anderson CS, Huang Y, Jan S, Li Y, Liu M, Sun J, avoided by a small reduction in population cholesterol levels? Xu E, Wu Y, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang J. Role of health Nutrition Dietetics. 2009;66:158-63. insurance in averting economic hardship in families after acute Huxley R, Lee C, Barzi F, Timmermeister L, Czernichow stroke in China. Stroke. 2009;40:2149-56. S, Perkovic V, Grobbee D, Batty D, Woodward M. Heeley EL, Peiris DP, Patel AA, Cass A, Weekes A, Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in Morgan C, Anderson CS, Chalmers JP. Cardiovascular risk relation to incidenttType-II diabetes mellitus: a systematic perception and evidence-practice gaps in Australian general review with meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine. practice (the AusHEART study). Medical Journal of Australia. 2009;169:2053-63. 2010;192:254-9. _4 Huxley R, Nakamura K, Woodward M. Modifi cation of Jun M, Foote C, Lv J, Neal B, Patel A, Nicholls SJ, Grobbee the effects of lipids on the risk of cardiovascular diseases DE, Cass A, Chalmers J, Perkovic V. Effects of fi brates by cigarette smoking. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and 2010;5(3):413-20. meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:1875-84. INFACT Global Collaboration. (Writing Committee: Marshall Jun M, Heerspink HJ, Ninomiya T, Gallagher M, Bellomo J, Abraham E, Adikhari N, Aikawa N, al Rahma H, Amin P, R, Myburgh J, Finfer S, Palevsky PM, Kellum JA, Perkovic V, Angus D, Annane D, Argent A, Bernard G, Bertolini G, Cass A. Intensities of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney Bhagwanjee S, Burns K, Calandra T, Ceraso D, Chan K, injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Journal of Chiche J-D, Cobb J, Cook D, Cuthbertson B, da Silva E, the American Society of Nephrology. 2010;5:956-63. de Backer D, Dellinger R, Divatia J, Fedson D, Festa M, Jun M, Zoungas S, Perkovic V, Webster AC. How to read a Ferguson N, Finfer S, Fowler R, Gomerall C, Granton J, report of a randomized controlled trial. Nephrology (Carlton). Hammer B, Hudson L, Jimenez E, Kissoon N, Koh Y, Kumar A, 2010;15:153-7. Langer M, Latronico N, Levy M, Lowry S, Mamdani M, Marsh B, McAuley D, Meduri G, Menon D, Mira J-P, Morales-Alava F, Kamper S, Maher C, Herbert R, Hancock M, Hush J, Smeets Moreno R, Morrison L, Myburgh J, Opal S, Perkins G, R. How little pain and disability do patients with low back pain Perner A, Randolph A, Reinhart K, Rello J, Rice T, Rowan K, have to experience to feel that they have recovered? European Sanchez-Nava V, Schuettler J, Shukri K, Slutsky A, Sprung C, Spine Journal. 2010:[Epub ahead of print]. Sybrecht G, Taylor B, Thompson A, Thompson B, Tomicic B, Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, Koes BW, Croft PR, Ugarte S, van der Poll T, Vernon D, Vincent J-L, Walsh T, Hay E. Treatment-based subgroups of low back pain: a guide Webb S, Welte T, Yung, M). INFACT: a global critical care to appraisal of research studies and a summary of current research response to H1N1. Lancet. 2010;375:11-3. evidence. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology. INTERACT Investigators. (Writing Committee: Arima H, 2010;24:181-91. Wang J, Huang Y, Heeley E, Skulina C, Parsons M, Peng B, Kamper SJ, Stanton TR, Williams CM, Maher CG, Hush JM. Li Q, Su S, Tao Q, Li Y, Jiang J, Tai L, Zhang J, Xu E, Cheng How is recovery from low back pain measured? A systematic Y, Morgenstern L, Chalmers J, Anderson C). Signifi cance review of the literature. European Spine Journal. 2010;[Epub of perihematomal edema in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: ahead of print]. the INTERACT trial. Neurology. 2009;73:1963-8. Keay L, Edwards K, Stapleton F. Signs, symptoms, and Ivers R, Senserrick T, Boufous S, Stevenson M, Chen comorbidities in contact lens-related microbial keratitis. T, Norton R. Novice drivers risky driving behaviours, risk Optometry and Vision Science. 2009;86:803-9. perception and crash risk: fi ndings from the DRIVE study. Keay L, Edwards K, Stapleton F. An evidence-based brochure American Journal of Public Health. 2009;99:1638-44. to educate contact lens wearers about safe contact lens wear. Jackson CA, Hutchison A, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM, Lindgren Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 2009;92:407-9. A, Norrving B, Anderson CS, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Appelros Keay L, Gandhi M, Brady C, Ali FS, Mathur U, Munoz B, P, Sudlow CL. Differing risk factor profi les of ischemic stroke Friedman DS. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate ready-made subtypes: evidence for a distinct lacunar arteriopathy? Stroke. spectacles in an adult population in India. International Journal 2010;41:624-9. of Epidemiology. 2010;39:877-88. Jagnoor J, Ivers R, Kumar R, Jha P. Fire-related deaths in India: Keay L, Jasti S, Munoz B, Turano KA, Munro CA, Duncan DD, how accurate are the estimates. Lancet. 2009;374:117. Baldwin K, Bandeen-Roche KJ, Gower EW, West SK. Urban and Jang J, Schwarcz A, Amaez D, Woodward M, Olin J, Keller rural differences in older drivers’ failure to stop at stop signs. M, Schecter A. Elevated osteoprotegerin is associated with Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2009;41:995-1000. abnormal ankle brachial indices in patients infected with Kengne A, Awah P, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E, Mbanya J. Primary health HIV: a cross-sectional study. Journal of the International AIDS care for hypertension by nurses in rural and urban sub-saharan Society. 2010;13(1):12. Africa. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2009;11:564-72. Jardine M, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Cass A, Turnbull Kengne A, Djouogo C, Dehayem M, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E, F, Gallagher M, Zoungas S, Heerspink H, Chalmers J, Lekoubou A, Mbanya J. Admission trends over 8 years for PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 Zanchetti A. Aspirin is benefi cial in hypertensive patients diabetic foot ulceration in a specialized diabetes unit in with chronic kidney disease: results from a randomized Cameroon. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds. controlled trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009;8:180-6. 2010;56(12):956-65. Kengne A, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E, Awah P, Aspray T, Unwin N, Jeon YH, Essue B, Jan S, Wells R, Whitworth JA. Economic Mbanya J. Type 2 diabetes management in nurse-led primary hardship associated with managing chronic illness: a qualitative healthcare settings in urban and rural Cameroon. Primary Care inquiry. BMC Health Services Research. 2009;9:182. Diabetes. 2009;3:181-8. Jones D, McEvoy S, Merz TM, Higgins A, Bellomo R, Kengne AP, Czernichow S, Huxley R, Grobbee D, Cooper JD, Hollis S, McArthur C, Myburgh JA, Taylor C, Woodward M, Neal B, Zoungas S, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Liu B, Norton R, Finfer S. International albumin use: 1995 Hamet P, Harrap SB, Mancia G, Poulter N, Williams B, to 2006. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2010;38:266-73. Chalmers J. Blood pressure variables and cardiovascular risk: Joshi R, de Galan B, Chalmers J, Perkovic V, Patel A. new fi ndings from ADVANCE. Hypertension. 2009;54:399-404. Routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control Kengne AP, Fezeu L, Awah PK, Sobngwi E, Mbanya JC. in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE Task shifting in the management of epilepsy in resource-poor trial. Expert Reviews in Endocrinology & Metabolism. settings. Epilepsia. 2010;51:931-2. 2009;4:111-8. Kengne AP, Nakamura K, Barzi F, Lam Th, Huxley R, Gu D, Joshi R, Kengne A, Neal B. Methodological trends in Patel A, Kim HC, Woodward M, on behalf of the Asia studies based on verbal autopsies before and after published Pacifi c Cohort Studies Collaboration. Smoking, diabetes and guidelines. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. cardiovascular disease in men in the Asia Pacifi c region. Journal 2009;87:678-82. of Diabetes. 2009; 1:173-81. Jull A, Parag V, Walker N, Rodgers A. Responsiveness of Kengne AP, Patel A, Colagiuri S, Heller S, Hamet P, Marre generic and disease-specifi c health-related quality of life M, Pan CY, Zoungas S, Grobbee DE, Neal B, Chalmers J, instruments to venous ulcer healing. Wound Repair and Woodward M. The Framingham and UK Prospective Diabetes Regeneration. 2010;18(1):26-30. 5_ Study (UKPDS) risk equations do not reliably estimate the Lin C, March L, Crosbie J, Crawford R, Graves S, Naylor J, probability of cardiovascular events in a large ethnically diverse Harmer A, Jan S, Bennell K, Harris I, Parker D, Moffet H, sample of patients with diabetes: the Action in Diabetes and Fransen M. Maximum recovery after knee replacement – the Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled MARKER study rationale and protocol. BMC Musculoskeletal Evaluation (ADVANCE) Study. Diabetologia. 2010;53:821-31. Disorders. 2009;10:69. Keyhani S, Woodward M, Federman AD. Physicians’ opinions Lin CW, Taylor D, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Maher CG. Exercise for about reforming reimbursement (IMD09-2515R). Archives of osteoarthritis of the knee. Physical Therapy. 2010;90:839-42. Internal Medicine. 2010;118(4):350-6. Liu H, Patel A, Brown A, Eades S, Hayman N, Jan S, Ring I, Kruszewski K, Scott AE, Barclay JL, Small GR, Croal BL, Moller Stewart G, Tonkin A, Weeramanthri T, Wade V, Rodgers A, JE, Oh JK, Hillis GS. Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular Usherwood T, Neal B, Peiris D, Burke H, Reid C, Cass A. fi lling pressure after acute myocardial infarction: a prospective Rationale and design of the Kanyini guidelines adherence study of the relative prognostic utility of clinical assessment, with the polypill (Kanyini-GAP) study: a randomised controlled echocardiography, and B-type natriuretic peptide. American trial of a polypill-based strategy amongst Indigenous and Heart Journal. 2010;159:47-54. non-Indigenous people at high cardiovascular risk. BMC Public Kvaavik E, Batty GD, Ursin G, Huxley R, Gale CR. Infl uence Health. 2010;10:458. of individual and combined health behaviors on total and Macedo LG, Smeets RJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, McAuley JH. cause-specifi c mortality in men and women: the United Graded activity and graded exposure for persistent nonspecifi c Kingdom health and lifestyle survey. Archives of Internal low back pain: a systematic review. Physical Therapy. Medicine. 2010;170:711-8. 2010;90:860-79. Lambers Heerspink HJ, de Zeeuw D. Debate: PRO position. Machado LA, Maher CG, Herbert RD, Clare H, McAuley JH. Should microalbuminuria ever be considered as a renal The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to fi rst- endpoint in any clinical trial? American Journal of Nephrology. line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. 2010;31:458-61. BMC Medicine. 2010;8:10. Lambers Heerspink HJ, de Zeeuw D. Dual RAS therapy MacMahon S, Yan L. Responding to China’s hypertensive not on target, but fully alive. Nephron. Clinical Practice. crisis. Lancet. 2009;374:1728-9. 2010;116:c137-42. Maher C. PRISMA: helping to deliver information that physical Lambers Heerspink HJ, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, therapists need. Editorial. Physical Therapy. 2009;89:870-2. Woodward M, Zoungas S, Cass A, Cooper M, Grobbee DE, Maher C. An internet-based computer-tailored physical Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Neal B, Chalmers J. Effects of a activity intervention has short term positive effects on physical fi xed combination of perindopril and indapamide in patients activity levels among adolescents. Journal of Physiotherapy. with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. European 2010;56:132. Heart Journal. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]. Maher C, Grotle M. Evaluation of the predictive validity of the Lambers Heerspink HJ, Perkovic V, de Zeeuw D. Renal and Orebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire. Clinical cardio-protective effects of direct renin inhibition: a systematic Journal of Pain. 2009;25:666-70. literature review. Journal of Hypertension. 2009;27:2321-31. Mann D, Woodward M, Ye F, Krousel-Wood M, Muntner Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, Yan LL, Hulley SB, P. Trends in medication use among US adults with diabetes Liu K. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between mellitus: glycemic control at the expense of controlling objectively measured sleep duration and body mass index: cardiovascular risk factors. Archives of Internal Medicine. the CARDIA Sleep Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;169:1718-20. 2009;170:805-13. Maple-Brown LJ, Lawton PD, Hughes JT, Sharma SK, Jones GR, Leaver AM, Refshauge KM, Maher CG, McAuley JH. Ellis AG, Hoy W, Cass A, Macisaac RJ, Sinha AK, Thomas MA, Conservative interventions provide short-term relief for Piers LS, Ward LC, Drabsch K, Panagiotopoulos S, McDermott R, non-specifi c neck pain: a systematic review. Journal of Warr K, Cherian S, Brown A, Jerums G, O’Dea K. Study Physiotherapy. 2010;56:73-85. Protocol-accurate assessment of kidney function in Indigenous Lee CM, Barzi F, Woodward M, Batty GD, Giles GG, Wong Australians: aims and methods of the eGFR study. BMC Public JW, Jamrozik K, Lam TH, Ueshima H, Kim HC, Gu DF, Schooling Health. 2010;10:80. M, Huxley RR. Adult height and the risks of cardiovascular Martiniuk A, Ivers R, Glozier N, Patton G, Lam L, Boufous disease and major causes of death in the Asia-Pacifi c region: S, Senserrick T, Williamson A, Stevenson M, Norton R. 21,000 deaths in 510,000 men and women. International Self-harm and risk of motor vehicle crashes in youth: the DRIVE Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;38:1060-71. prospective cohort study. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Lekoubou A, Awah P, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E, Kengne AP. 2009;181:807-12. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and task shifting in their Martiniuk A, Lee CM, Woodward M, Huxley R. Burden of management in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of lung cancer deaths due to smoking for men and women in Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010;7:353-63. the WHO Western Pacifi c and South East Asian regions. Asian Liang L, Wong N, Shi P, Zhao L, Wu L, Xie G, Wu Y. Pacifi c Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2010;11:67-72. Cross-sectional and longitudinal association of cigarette Martiniuk AL, Secco M, Speechley KN. Knowledge translation smoking with carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese adults. strategies using the Thinking About Epilepsy Program as a case Preventive Medicine. 2009;49:62-7. study. Health Promotion Practice. 2010; [Epub ahead of print]. Liang L, Wu Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Zhu J. Differences in goal Mathew TH, Corso O, Ludlow M, Boyle A, Cass A, Chadban attainment in clinical management of dyslipidemia in SJ, Joyner B, Shephard M, Usherwood T. Screening for chronic China evaluated by different guidelines. Chinese Journal kidney disease in Australia: a pilot study in the community and of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2009;37:363-8. workplace. Kidney International, Supplement. 2010:S9-16. Lin C. Proprioceptive training reduces the risk of ankle sprain Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, recurrence in athletes. Commentary. Australian Journal of Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, Gansevoort RT. Association Physiotherapy. 2009;55:283. of estimated glomerular fi ltration rate and albuminuria Lin C, Hass M. The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL). with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55:212. population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:2073-81. _6 Menezes Costa L, Maher C, McAuley J, Hancock M, Nightingale EJ, Sturnieks D, Sherrington C, Moseley AM, Herbert R, Refshauge K, Henschke N. Prognosis for patients Cameron ID, Lord SR. Impaired weight transfer persists with chronic low back pain: inception cohort study. British at least four months after hip fracture and rehabilitation. Medical Journal. 2009;339:b3829. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2010;24:565-73. Menezes Costa Lda C, Maher C, McAuley J, Costa L. Ni Mhurchu C, Blakely T, Jiang Y, Eyles HC, Rodgers A. Systematic review of cross-cultural adaptations of McGill pain Effects of price discounts and tailored nutrition education questionnaire reveals a paucity of clinimetric testing. Journal on supermarket purchases: a randomized controlled trial. of Clinical Epidemiology. 2009;62(9):934-43. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010;91:736-47. MeRGE Heart Failure Collaborators. (Writing Committee: Rossi Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, de Galan BE, Zoungas S, Pillai A, A, Temporelli P, Quintana M, Dini F, Ghio S, Hillis G, Klein A, Jardine M, Patel A, Cass A, Neal B, Poulter N, Mogensen Marsan N, Prior D, Yu C, Poppe K, Doughty R, Whalley G). CE, Cooper M, Marre M, Williams B, Hamet P, Mancia G, Independent relationship of left atrial size and mortality in Woodward M, MacMahon S, Chalmers J; ADVANCE patients with heart failure: an individual patient meta-analysis Collaborative Group. Albuminuria and kidney function of longitudinal data. European Journal of Heart Failure. independently predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in 2009;11:929-36. diabetes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Merz TM, Finfer S. Intensive insulin treatment. Minerva 2009;20(8):1813-21. Anestesiologica. 2009;75:703-9. Ninomiya T, Zoungas S, Neal B, Woodward M, Patel A, Michaleff Z, Maher C, Jull G, Latimer J, Connelly L, Perkovic V, Cass A, Cooper M, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap Lin C, Rebbeck T, Sterling M. A randomised clinical trial of a S, Liu L, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Poulter N, Rodgers A, comprehensive exercise program for chronic whiplash: trial Williams B, MacMahon S, Chalmers J. Effi cacy and safety of protocol. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;10:149. routine blood pressure lowering in older patients with diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial. Journal of Hypertension. Mitchell R, Finch C, Boufous S. Counting organised sport 2010;28:1141-9. injury cases: evidence of incomplete capture from routine hospital collections. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. ONTARGET Investigators. (Writing Committee: Cowan B, 2010;13:304-8. Young A, Anderson C, Doughty R, Krittayaphone R, Lonn E, Marwick T, Reid C, Sanderson J, Schmieder R, Teo K, Wadham Mitchell R, Finch C, Boufous S, Browne G. Examination of A, Worthley S, You C, Yusuf S, Jennings G). Left ventricular triage nurse text narratives to identify sports injury cases in mass and volume with Telmisartan, Ramipril, or with Diabetes emergency department presentations. International Journal Mellitus (from the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2009;16:153-7. combination with Rampipril Global Endpoint Trial [ONTARGET]). Morton RL, Devitt J, Howard K, Anderson K, Snelling P, Cass American Journal of Cardiology. 2009;104:1484-9. A. Patient views about treatment of stage 5 CKD: a qualitative O’Seaghdha CM, Perkovic V, Lam TH, McGinn S, Barzi F, analysis of semistructured interviews. American Journal of Gu DF, Cass A, Suh I, Muntner P, Giles GG, Ueshima H, Kidney Diseases. 2010;55:431-40. Woodward M, Huxley R. Blood pressure is a major risk factor Munro CA, Jefferys J, Gower EW, Munoz BE, Lyketsos CG, for renal death: an analysis of 560 352 participants from the Keay L, Turano KA, Bandeen-Roche K, West SK. Predictors of Asia-Pacifi c region. Hypertension. 2009;54:509-15. lane-change errors in older drivers. Journal of the American Ostermann M, Chang R, Legrand M, Payen D, du Cheyron Geriatrics Society. 2010;58:457-64. D, Parienti J, Bellomo R, Cass A, Gallagher M. Intensity of Munter P, Woodward M, Mann D, Shimbo D, Michos ED, continuous renal replacement therapy. New England Journal Blumenthal RS, Carson AP, Chen H, Arnett DK. Comparison of Medicine. 2010;362(5):466-8. of the Framingham heart study hypertension model with Palmer S, Navaneethan S, Craig J, Johnson D, Tonelli M, Garg A, blood pressure alone in the prediction of risk of hypertension. Pellegrini F, Ravani P, Jardine M, Perkovic V, Graziano G, The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Hypertension. McGee R, Nicolucci A, Tognoni G, Strippoli G. Systematic review: 2010;55(6):1339-45. erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney Myburgh J, Chittock D. Differences in outcome between disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2010;153(1):23-33.

PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 the NICE-SUGAR and Leuven trials: biological mechanisms of Patel A, Chalmers J, MacMahon S, Neal B. ADVANCE blood intensive glucose control in critically ill patients. Critical Care pressure lowering in diabetes. Letter to the Editor. Journal and Resuscitation. 2009;11:178-9. of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich). 2009;11:108. Nakamura K, Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Woodward Patel A, Neal B, Chalmers J. Event rates in trials of patients M. The hazards and benefi ts associated with smoking and with type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Medical smoking cessation in Asia: a meta-analysis of prospective Association. 2010;303:732; author reply 733. studies. Tobacco Control. 2009;18:345-53. Pavely S, Adams R, di Francesco T, Larkham S, Maher C. Navaneethan S, Perkovic V, Johnson D, Nigwekar S, Craig J, Execution and outcome differences between passes to the left Strippoli G. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for and right made by fi rst-grade rugby union players. Physical dialysis patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Therapy in Sport. 2009;10:136-41. 2009;3:CD004289. Peake SL, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Cameron PA, Cross A, Naylor JM, Adie S, Fransen M, Dietsch S, Harris I. Endorsing Delaney A, Finfer S, Higgins A, Jones DA, Myburgh JA, single-unit transfusion combined with a restrictive haemoglobin Syres GA, Webb SA, Williams P. Australasian resuscitation of transfusion threshold after knee arthroplasty. Quality & Safety in sepsis evaluation (ARISE): a multi-centre, prospective, inception Health Care. 2010;19:239-43. cohort study. Resuscitation. 2009;80:811-8. Neal B. International Workshop of Dietary Sodium and Human Peiris D, Patel A, Cass A, Howard M, Tchan M, Brady J, Health in China and the United States. Introduction. American De Vries J, Rickards B, Yarnold D, Hayman N, Brown A. Journal of Hypertension. 2009;22:924. Cardiovascular disease risk management for Aboriginal and Negin J, Wariero J, Mutuo P, Jan S, Pronyk P. Feasibility, Torres Strait Islander peoples in primary health care settings: acceptability and cost of home-based HIV testing in fi ndings from the Kanyini Audit. Medical Journal of Australia. rural Kenya. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2009;191:304-9. 2009;14:849-55.

7_ Peiris DP, Joshi R, Webster RJ, Groenestein P, community-dwelling older people? Gerontology. 2009;55:532-8. Usherwood TP, Heeley E, Turnbull FM, Lipman A, Patel AA. Shimada H, Tiedemann A, Lord S, Suzuki T. The effect of An electronic clinical decision support tool to assist primary enhanced supervision on fall rates in residential aged care. care providers in cardiovascular disease risk management: American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. development and mixed methods evaluation. Journal of 2009;88:823-8. Medical Internet Research. 2009;11(4):e51. Shiue I. Does body mass index have risk on subarachnoid Peters R, Poulter R, Beckett N, Forette F, Fagard R, Potter J, hemorrhage? Annals of Neurology. 2010;68(1):115-6. Swift C, Anderson C, Fletcher A, Bulpitt CJ. Cardiovascular Shiue I, Arima H, Anderson C, for the ACROSS group. and biochemical risk factors for incident dementia in the Cooperative research on subarachnoid hemorrhage study Hypertension in the Very Elderly trial. Journal of Hypertension. (ACROSS). Stroke. 2010; 41:1304-6. 2009;27:2055-62. Shiue I, Arima H, Anderson CS. Life events and risk of Poppitt S, Howe C, Lithander F, Silvers K, Lin R, Crof subarachnoid hemorrhage: the australasian cooperative J, Ratnasabapthy Y, Gibson R, Anderson C. Effects of research on subarachnoid hemorrhage study (ACROSS). Stroke. moderate-dose omega-3 fi sh oil on cardiovascular risk factors 2010;41:1304-6. after ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2009;40:3485-92. Smeets R. A comparison of the relationship between depression, perceived disability, and physical performance Raban M, Dandona R, Dandona L. Essential health in persons with chronic pain. Commentary. 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Current prescribing of Blood Pressure physiotherapy interventions has improved over time. Abstracts lowering and statin therapies in Australian general practice from the Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference according to risk level using new guidelines for cardiovascular Week: National Neurology Group. Sydney, Australia, October risk assessment. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientifi c 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):16. Meeting of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Peiris D, Joshi R, Webster R, Groenestein P, Usherwood T, Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Heart, Lung and Circulation. Heeley E, Turnbull F, Lipman A, Patel A. A novel electronic 2009;18(Suppl 3):S280-1. decision support system to assist general practitioners in Hush J, Michaleff Z, Maher C, Refshauge K. Incidence cardiovascular disease risk management – a pilot evaluation. and risk factors for neck pain in Australian offi ce workers: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the a one-year longitudinal study. Abstracts from the Australian Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: Musculoskeletal Australia, August 2009. Heart, Lung and Circulation. Physiotherapy Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. 2009;18(Suppl 3):S269. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):22. Ramsay E, Sherrington C, Barraclough E, O’Rourke S, Lord Hush J, Refshauge K, Sullivan G, De Souza L, Maher C, SR. Predictors of low-tech choice stepping reaction time test McAuley J. Recovery from low back pain: patients’ performance in older people. Abstracts from the Australian perspective. Abstracts from the Australian Physiotherapy Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: Gerontology Association Conference Week: Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Physiotherapy Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):16. Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):21. Scrivener KM, Schurr K, Sherrington C. An observational Ivers RQ, Martiniuk ALC, Clapham K, Boufous S, study of rehabilitation outcomes after stroke in a Senserrick T, Stevenson M, Norton R. Indigenous status and comprehensive stroke unit. Abstracts from the Australian risk of motor vehicle crash: the DRIVE study. Proceedings from Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: National the Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Neurology Group. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal Conference. Sydney, Australia, November 2009. e516-8. of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):19. Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Herbert RD, Hancock MJ, Hush Senserrick T, Foss R, Ivers R. Priorities in young and novice JM, Smeets RJ. How little pain and disability do patients with driver research in Australasia and the Asia Pacifi c Region. low back pain have to experience to feel they have recovered? Proceedings from the Australasian Road Safety Research, Abstracts from the Australian Physiotherapy Association Policing and Education Conference. Sydney, Australia, Conference Week: Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Australia. November 2009. e622-7. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. Sherrington C, Lord SR, Close JCT, Barraclough E, Taylor 2009;55(4):22. M, O’Rourke S, Kurrle S, Tiedemann A, Cumming RG, Kirkham C, Sherrington C, Dean CM, O’Rourke S, Sharkey Herbert RD. Development of the Prediction of Falls In M, Rissel C. High prevalence of mobility-related predictors of Rehabilitation Settings Tool (Predict_FIRST): a prospective falling in stroke club members. Abstracts from the Australian cohort study. Abstracts from the Australian Physiotherapy Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: National Association Conference Week: Gerontology Physiotherapy Neurology Group. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):12. Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):18. Li N, Yan L, Webster J, Dunford E, Neal B, Wu Y. Action on Stanton TR, Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Koes BW. Critical salt and health: an evidence-based advocacy approach to make appraisal of clinical prediction rules that aim to select salt reduction a national priority in China. Proceedings of the treatments for musculoskeletal conditions. Abstracts from World Hypertension Congress. Beijing, China, October 2009. the Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: International Journal of Cardiology. 2009;137(Suppl 1):S127-8. Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Australia. Sydney, Australia, Li S, Zhao X, Ba S, He F, Ke L, Yan L, Wu Y. Validation October 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):39. of electronic sphygmomanometers against mercury _12 Tiedemann A, Lord SR, Sherrington C. The development LAURENT BILLOT of a brief performance-based fall risk assessment tool Clinical Management Online: Electronic Data Capture (EDC) (QuickScreen) for community-dwelling older people. Abstracts and Management. eHealth – The Modern Age Healthcare. from the Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Sydney, Australia, November 2009. Week: Gerontology Physiotherapy Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):18. SOUFIANE BOUFOUS Ethnicity, risky driving behaviour and road traffi c crashes: Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, Lord SR. Predictors of fi ndings from the DRIVE Study. National Conference on adherence to a supervised exercise program in older Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion. Melbourne, Australia, community dwelling people. Proceedings of the 7th National July 2009. Physical Activity Conference. Brisbane, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010;12(Suppl ALAN CASS 2):e162-3. Diabetic kidney disease: epidemiology and prevention. Turnbull F, Arima H, Heeley E, Peiris D, Weekes A, Morgan Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientifi c Meeting. C, Cass A, Anderson C, Patel A, Chalmers J. Cardiovascular Wollongong, Australia, May 2010. risk management among female and male patients in Domestic and international research collaborations in chronic Australian General Practice: the AusHEART study. Proceedings kidney disease. World Congress of Internal Medicine. of the 57th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Cardiac Society Melbourne, Australia, March 2010. of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Economics of home-based dialysis therapies. 3rd Australia and Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2009;18(Suppl 3):S272. New Zealand Home Therapies Workshop. Brisbane, Australia, Williams CM, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, McAuley JH, February 2010. McLachlan AJ, Britt H, Fahridin S, Latimer J. Usual care of low Diabetes, heart and kidney disease: the health reform back pain in primary care and a comparison to evidence-based challenge we must address. Australian Diabetes Educator guideline recommendations. Abstracts from the Australian Association ACT Branch Conference. Canberra, Australia, Physiotherapy Association Conference Week: Musculoskeletal February 2010. Physiotherapy Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(4):43. Public hospitals and medical research – Where now? St George Hospital Medical Research Symposium. Sydney, Australia, November 2009. Conference Presentations Intensity of Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically ill Patients: CRAIG ANDERSON the Randomised Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level Renal Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study. Late-breaking Clinical The rewards and challenges of research in China. Sleep and Trials Plenary Session. Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the American Circadian Research Meeting (Woolcock Institute). Sydney, Society of Nephrology. San Diego, USA, October/November 2009. Australia, April 2010. The RENAL study – Randomised Evaluation of Normal versus Assessment and management of the non-physical components Augmented Levels of Renal Replacement Therapy in Severe of stroke. Stroke Clinical Network Forum. Brisbane, Australia, Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Health Australia Clinical Research April 2010. Award Session. 45th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Australia Medical treatment of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. and New Zealand Society of Nephrology. Hobart, Australia, International Stroke Conference. San Antonio, USA, September 2009. February 2010. Rationale and design of the ACTIVE Dialysis trial: a The second, main phase, of the Intensive Blood Pressure multi-centre, unblinded, randomised controlled trial of Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2): extended vs standard duration of dialysis in patients with progress update. International Stroke Conference. San end-stage kidney disease. 2nd Congress of the International Antonio, USA, February 2010. Society for Haemodialysis. Hong Kong, August 2009. Establishment of the new Australian Clinical Stroke Registry Global challenges in the provision of renal care. 2nd Congress (AuSCR) Clinical Trials in stroke. 11th Statewide Stroke Clinical PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 of the International Society for Haemodialysis. Hong Kong, Network Forum. Brisbane, Australia, October 2009. August 2009. Collaborative International Research. Royal Prince Alfred Leadership in research and medicine in Aboriginal health and Hospital Reunion Week. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. chronic disease. Sydney University Medical Society Leadership Stroke as a medical emergency. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Forum. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Reunion Week. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Participation of Indigenous Australians in cardiovascular trials: Trials and tribulations of the conduct of academic clinical trials Making it happen. Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand in China: experience in the area of stroke. 2nd Sino-Australian Annual Scientifi c Meeting. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Symposium. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. JOHN CHALMERS Disparities in secondary prevention between cardiac and Optimal hypertension management with Preterax. Satellite stroke patients. Sanofi -Aventis Neuro Event. Sydney, Australia, Symposium on Maximizing Benefi ts in Hypertension July 2009. Management with Preterax. 20th European Meeting on HISATOMI ARIMA Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Effects of blood pressure levels at presentation and those Oslo, Norway, June 2010. achieved during the fi rst 24 hours on haematoma growth in The importance of blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: acute intracerebral haemorrhage: the INTERACT trial. High focus on ADVANCE. 13th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia annual scientifi c Cardiovascular Medicine & Science. Hong Kong, December 2009. meeting 2009. Sydney, Australia, December 2009. Does blood glucose lowering reduce cardiovascular outcomes Effects of early intensive blood pressure lowering on – a perspective on the trials. Asia Pacifi c Conference on the haematoma growth in acute intracerebral haemorrhage Metabolic Syndrome. Melbourne, Australia, November 2009. according to time from onset to treatment: the INTERACT New Results from ADVANCE. Mainline Symposium on Latest study. The 32nd Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Japanese Clinical Trials. 20th World Diabetes Congress. Montreal, Society of Hypertension. Otsu, Japan, October 2009. Canada, October 2009. 13_ ADVANCE: new results of the intensive Diamicron MR-based ELIZABETH DUNFORD strategy. Satellite Symposium to the 20th World Diabetes Monitoring sodium reduction in Australian processed foods. Congress. Montreal, Canada, October 2009. 8th International Food Databank Conference. Bangkok, Cognitive function and risk of cardiovascular disease and Thailand, October 2009. hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Progress with reducing salt in the Australian food supply. ADVANCE. 19th International Association of Gerontology Emerging Health Policy Conference. Sydney, Australia, and Geriatrics World Congress. Paris, France, July 2009. August 2009. Older patients with type 2 diabetes derive substantial benefi ts NICOLA FAIRHALL from blood pressure lowering with perindopril-indapamide. Measurement of participation restriction in older people. 8th 19th International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics National Conference of Emerging Researchers in Ageing. World Congress. Paris, France, July 2009. Melbourne, Australia, October 2009. TOM CHEN Participation restriction: nature, extent and associated Socioeconomic status and risk of car crash injury: results from factors in frail, community-dwelling older people. Australian the DRIVE study. Road Safety Research, Education and Policing Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Conference. Sydney, Australia, November 2009. October 2009. LEONARDO COSTA MANUELA FERREIRA Motor control exercise for chronic low back pain: a Can we explain heterogeneity among exercise randomised randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Australian Physiotherapy clinical trials in chronic low back pain? A meta-regression Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. of randomised controlled trials. Australian Physiotherapy Prognostic factors in chronic low back pain patients: inception Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, cohort study. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference October 2009. Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Factors defi ning care-seeking in low back pain – a Reproducibility of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for the meta-analysis of population based surveys. Australian measurement of abdominal muscle activity: a systematic Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, review. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. October 2009. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Smallest worthwhile effect of interventions for low back pain. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. ZHAOHUI CUI Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Community interventions for child obesity prevention. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, Patients beliefs and experiences. Australian Physiotherapy June 2010. Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Temporal trends in overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from nine provinces in China from 1991 to 2006. SIMON FINFER 19th International Congress of Nutrition. Bangkok, Thailand, My experience with H1N1. 30th International Symposium October 2009. on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. CANDICE DELCOURT Determinants of quality of life after stroke in China. Combined Literature interpretation. 30th International Symposium on Meeting of the 6th Asia Pacifi c Conference Against Stroke and Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, the 20th Stroke Society of Australasia Annual Scientifi c Meeting. March 2010. Cairns, Australia, September 2009. Subgroup analysis: used, abused, misunderstood. 30th The second intensive blood pressure reduction in acute International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency intracerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT2) update. 6th Asia Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. Pacifi c Conference Against Stroke. Cairns, Australia, September International variation in the use of intravenous fl uids. 30th 2009. International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. JOANNA DIONG Passive mechanical properties of gastrocnemius muscles of Albumin in patients with sepsis and traumatic brain injury. 30th spinal cord injured patients with ankle contractures. Australian International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. October 2009. Hypoglycemia in the NICE-SUGAR study. 30th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. XIN DU Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. Data presentation to develop a non-laboratory-based Corticosteroids in septic shock – why I don’t use them. 30th cardiovascular risk prediction model among Chinese International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency population. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Medicine. Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. Beijing, China, June 2010. How to know what “works” in sepsis: understanding Identifying barriers toward implementing absolute strength and weakness in clinical research. 30th International cardiovascular risk assessment tools in primary care setting. Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, Brussels, Belgium, March 2010. China, June 2010. Glucose control in critical care. Canadian Critical Care Monitoring of liver function in patients using statin and its Conference. Whistler, Canada, March 2010. consequences to therapy adherence. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. Papers that changed practice in 2010. Canadian Critical Care Conference. Whistler, Canada, March 2010. Treatment of atrial fi brillation during pregnancy. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. Medicolegal issues in critical care – the expert witness view. Canadian Critical Care Conference. Whistler, Canada, March 2010.

_14 The Gillian Hanson Lecture: ICU Research – A journey through LIANG KE the looking glass. Intensive Care Society State of the Art Behavioral and clinical effectiveness of community-based Meeting. London, UK, December 2009. individualised lifestyle intervention among diabetic and The Intensive Care Ashes: why Australia won. Intensive Care hypertensive Chinese adults. World Congress of Cardiology Society State of the Art Meeting. London, UK, December 2009. Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. The NICE-SUGAR study. Intensive Care Society State of the Art LISA KEAY Meeting. London, UK, December 2009. Urban and rural differences in older drivers – failure to stop Update on clinical trials – the NICE-SUGAR study. Sepsis at stop-signs. The Eye and the Auto. Detroit, USA, September International Symposium. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2009. November 2009. A multi-site study evaluating fungal keratitis in the US 2001- JAVIER GUZMAN 2007. International Society for Contact Lens Researchers Biennial Meeting. Crete, Greece, August 2009. Global funding of innovation for neglected diseases (G-FINDER). Annual Forum of the Global Forum for Health Driving errors infl uence an older drivers’ decision to give up or Research. Havana, Cuba, November 2009. restrict driving. 9th National Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion. Melbourne, Australia, July 2009. Understanding the challenges of technology transfer from a country perspective. Annual Forum of the Global Forum for LIKHIM KWAH Health Research. Havana, Cuba, November 2009. Passive mechanical properties of gastrocnemius muscle MAREE HACKETT and tendon in stroke patients with contracture. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Single questions to screen for depression miss important October 2009. negative cognitions. Combined Meeting of the 6th Asia Pacifi c Conference Against Stroke and the 20th Stroke Society JANE LATIMER of Australasia Annual Scientifi c Meeting. Cairns, Australia, Conducting RCT’s: real world considerations. American Physical September 2009. Therapy Association Combined Sections Meeting. San Diego, ROB HERBERT USA, February 2010. A pragmatic randomised trial of stretching before and after Yajilarra. To dream: Aboriginal women leading change in physical activity to prevent injury and soreness. Australian remote Australia. Australian Physiotherapy Association Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. October 2009. Indigenous health and the Fitzroy Valley. Rotary Combined Districts Conference. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. STEPHANE HERITIER Two-stage seamless adaptive designs: the Hemangiol study. Key issues for different older populations: working with Australian Biopharmaceutical Statistics Group Meeting. Aboriginal women. Australian Physiotherapy Association Sydney, Australia, December 2009. Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Two-stage adaptive design with dose selection and non- Alcohol in Indigenous communities. University of NSW inferiority comparison to a standard treatment. International Indigenous Law Centre Open Forum. Sydney, Australia, Meeting on Recent Advances & Trends in Statistics Applied to September 2009. Clinical Trials. Paris, France, September 2009. NICOLE LI GRAHAM HILLIS Action on salt and health: an evidence-based advocacy Heart rate in heart failure. Australian Atherosclerosis Society/ approach to make salt reduction a national priority in China. International Society for Vascular Health Combined Scientifi c World Hypertension Congress. Beijing, China, October 2009. Session. Melbourne, Australia, October 2009. CHRISTINE LIN Large artery disease: biomarkers and medication. Australian Introducing PEDro: The Physiotherapy Evidence Database. 11th Atherosclerosis Society / International Society for Vascular National Congress of the Chinese Society of Physical Medicine PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 Health Combined Scientifi c Session. Melbourne, Australia, and Rehabilitation. Shenyang, China, November 2009. October 2009. Physiotherapy interventions for non-specifi c low back pain REBECCA IVERS – value for money? Australian Physiotherapy Association Indigenous status and risk of motor vehicle crash: the DRIVE Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. study. 9th National Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety 5 x 5 Session 4 – hip, knee, lower limb kinematics. Australian Promotion. Melbourne, Australia, July 2009. Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Motor vehicle crashes in Indigenous youth in New South October 2009. Wales, Australia: the DRIVE study. 9th National Conference on Treatments for back pain: are they worthwhile? University of Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion. Melbourne, Australia, Sydney Early Career Research Showcase. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. September 2009. STEPHEN JAN What do we use as our inclusion criteria when investigating The role of health insurance in addressing economic hardship insuffi ciencies and implementing interventions for subjects following stroke in China. International Health Economics with chronic ankle instability (CAI)? The 4th International Ankle Association Conference. Beijing, China, July 2009. Symposium. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. Harmonising value of information methods with decision Predicting activity limitation after ankle fracture. The 4th making in practice – organised session. International Health International Ankle Symposium. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. Economics Association Conference. Beijing, China, July 2009. New dimensions in the Clinic Session 2. The 4th International Ankle Symposium. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. STEVE KAMPER Low back pain and disability scores in ‘completely recovered’ patients. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009.

15_ MARILYN LYFORD SAFE TBI II – results. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Safety promotion capacity building in Australian Indigenous Society Clinical Trials Group Annual Meeting. Noosa, Australia, communities – a partnership program. 9th National Conference March 2010. on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion. Melbourne, What fl uid should I use for resuscitation? World Congress Australia, July 2009. of Internal Medicine. Melbourne, Australia, March 2010. LUCIANA MACEDO Development of a clinical algorithm for intracranial Graded activity and graded exposure for persistent non specifi c hypertension: the Brain Trauma Foundation consensus low back pain: a systematic review. Australian Physiotherapy process. Scottish Intensive Care Society Annual Scientifi c Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Meeting. St Andrews, UK, January 2010. Evidence for the use of vasopressors in critically ill patients. CHRIS MAHER Scottish Intensive Care Society Annual Scientifi c Meeting. Management of back pain in primary care. Pharmacy Expo St Andrews, UK, January 2010. 2010. Sydney, Australia, June 2010. Optimising glycaemic control in critically ill patients. Annual Diagnosis and prognosis of low back pain. Are current Scientifi c Meeting in Anaesthesiology. Hong Kong College guidelines too simple? American Physical Therapy Association of Anaesthesiology and Society of Anaesthesia. Hong Kong, Combined Sections Meeting. San Diego, USA, February 2010. October 2009. How to design and conduct RCTs: real-world considerations. Determining the optimal dose of renal replacement American Physical Therapy Association Combined Sections therapy in critically ill patients. Annual Scientifi c Meeting in Meeting. San Diego, USA, February 2010. Anaesthesiology. Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiology and STEPHEN MACMAHON Society of Anaesthesia. Hong Kong, October 2009. The role of academic health centres in developing global health Evidence for the use of vasopressors in critically ill patients. priorities. John P. McGovern Award Lecture. Association of Annual Scientifi c Meeting in Anaesthesiology. Hong Kong Academic Health Centers International Forum. Washington DC, College of Anaesthesiology and Society of Anaesthesia. Hong USA, March 2010. Kong, October 2009. The global burden of chronic diseases. First Annual Beijing Development of a clinical algorithm for intracranial Forum on the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease. hypertension: the Brain Trauma Foundation consensus process. Beijing, China, November 2009. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society New South Effects of existing interventions for cardiovascular disease Wales Regional Meeting. Sydney, Australia, September 2009 prevention and treatment. Global Alliance for Chronic Disease Why we need the CHEST trial on the safety and effi cacy of 6% Scientifi c Meeting. New Delhi, India, November 2009. hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4. 4th International Congress of the Cardiovascular disease crisis in the developing world. The German Sepsis Society. Weimar, Germany, September 2009. Chancellor’s Lecture Series, Duke Medical Center. Durham, Albumin in sepsis – an in depth analysis of the SAFE Study. 4th USA, September 2009. International Congress of the German Sepsis Society. Weimar, Cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Symposium: Germany, September 2009. Genetic Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Disease, the Vasoactive agents in critically ill patients. Combined Congress University of Oxford. Oxford, UK, July 2009. of the Critical Care Society of South Africa and the South African Thoracic Society. Sun City, South Africa, August 2009. ALEX MARTINIUK Coordination of health aid in the Solomon Islands. Australian Large-scale studies on intensive insulin therapy in critically ill Association for the Advancement of Pacifi c Studies (AAAPS). patients. Combined Congress of the Critical Care Society of Melbourne, Australia, April 2010. South Africa and the South African Thoracic Society. Sun City, South Africa, August 2009. Lightning talk and network walk. Annual Forum of the Global Forum for Health Research. Havana, Cuba, November 2009. Priorities in management of traumatic brain injury. Combined Congress of the Critical Care Society of South Africa and the South ALINA MCDONALD African Thoracic Society. Sun City, South Africa, August 2009. Fighting neglected diseases with innovation – the past, present and future. Cambridge International Development Course, BRUCE NEAL Cambridge, UK, May 2010 Treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in developed and developing country settings – health transition in rural ZOE MICHALEFF India. Surfer’s Medical Association Australia 17th Multi-Focused Design of a randomised clinical trial of a combined exercise Indian Ocean Medical Symposium. Exchanging Knowledge and treatment for chronic whiplash. Australian Physiotherapy Experiences. Providing Aid to Those in Need. Chaaya Island, Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Maldives, April 2010. MARY MORAN Can you do what you want to do? AstraZeneca Cardiovascular G-FINDER and implications of US Funders. Global Health Specialist Symposium. Sydney, Australia, February 2010. Technologies Coalition. Washington DC, USA, October 2009. Making and interpreting blood pressure measurements. Global funding of R&D to treat neglected diseases and Philippine Society of Hypertension (PSH) & Asian Pacifi c Society G-FINDER survey. Neglected Diseases Forum: Progress, Current of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Diseases (APSAVD). Manila, the Challenges and Promising Approaches. Washington DC, USA, Philippines, February 2010. October 2009. The strengths and weaknesses of blood pressure monitoring. Malaysian Society of Hypertension. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ANNE MOSELEY January 2010. Reported quality of randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy How should women at risk be managed? Malaysian Society of interventions has improved over time. Australian Physiotherapy Hypertension. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 2010. Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. National sodium reduction strategies and policies: experience JOHN MYBURGH from Australia. Global Cardiovascular Health Division for Heart The Crystalloid versus Hydroxyethyl Starch Trial (CHEST). Disease and Stroke Prevention. National Center for Chronic Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Meetings. Atlanta, Trials Group Annual Meeting. Noosa, Australia, March 2010. USA, December 2009. _16 Should you be eating that much s**t? (salt). Wollongong Chronic care in the primary health sector – will COAG help? Branch of the Nutrition Society of Australia dinner. Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Indigenous Wollongong, Australia, October 2009. Cardiovascular Health Conference. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Should you be eating that much s**t? (salt). Australian VLADO PERKOVIC Academy of Science Symposium. Sydney, Australia, Blood pressure management in dialysis patients. Canadian August 2009. Society of Nephrology Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada, Tight glycaemic control and cardiovascular death in diabetes. May 2010. 57th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Cardiac Society of Recent clinical trials in home and extended hours haemodialysis. Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. 3rd Australia and New Zealand Home Therapies Workshop. Why we should reduce dietary salt. The George Institute, India. Brisbane, Australia, February 2010. Hyderabad, India, August 2009. Which marker, what risk? Australasian Clinical Nephrology Salt substitution in China. Harvard Initiative for Global Health. Symposium. Melbourne, Australia, August 2009. Chronic and Cardiovascular Diseases Working Group Meeting. Boston, USA, July 2009. JULIE REDFERN A national framework for ongoing cardiovascular disease risk Setting the scene – salt and ill health. International Life reduction. 6th Health Services and Research Policy Conference. Sciences Institute, Southeast Asia Region – Australasia Brisbane, Australia, November 2009. Symposium. The Science of Salt: Industry, Innovation and Best Practice in Reducing Salt in Foods. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. Implementation science. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. BP measurement. Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries – Moving Forward. Boston, USA, July 2009. Cardiac rehabilitation – moving forward. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, ROBYN NORTON October 2009. ICMR, University of Sydney and George Institute – scope for Community care is better than hospital management – debate. collaboration. Workshop on Adolescent Obesity and Diabetes. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Welfare, Government of India, & the University of Sydney and The George Institute. Hyderabad, India, February 2010. Cardiac rehabilitation by CHOICE. Victorian Cardiac Rehabilitation Coordinators Conference. Melbourne, Australia, Road Traffi c Injuries Research Network multi-country study August 2009. on motorcycle helmets: capacity building for research. Building and Road Research Institute and Road Traffi c Injuries Research Secondary prevention and patient choices. Cardiac Society of Network. Accra, Ghana, December 2009. Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientifi c Meeting. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. Providing evidence to guide the health care reform agenda: international experience. Health Policy Roundtable. Ministry Exercise prescription for cardiac patients. Australian Cardiac of Health Bureau of Disease Control and The George Institute, Rehabilitation Association Conference. Sydney, Australia, China. Beijing, China, November 2009. August 2009. Chronic diseases and injuries: a major but neglected KATHARINE SCRIVENER component of the global health agenda. Global Health Day, An observational study of mobility outcomes for 100 stroke the University of Sydney. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. survivors. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. ANUSHKA PATEL Impact of glucose control on macrovascular and microvascular TERESA SENSERRICK disease: insights from ADVANCE. American Heart Association Driver education in the community. Road Safety Research, Policing Scientifi c Sessions. Orlando, USA, November 2009. & Education Conference. Sydney, Australia, November 2009. Cardiovascular risk in Australians and Indians: lessons from CATHIE SHERRINGTON comparative studies. 6th Indo-Australian Biotechnology

PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 Development of the Prediction of Falls In Rehabilitation Settings Conference. Hyderabad, India, September 2009. Tool (Predict_FIRST): a prospective cohort study. Australian Co-morbidities and risk factors for coronary disease in Physiotherapy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Indigenous populations. Cardiac Society of Australia and October 2009. New Zealand Indigenous Cardiovascular Health Conference. Hip fracture rehabilitation: update on the evidence and next Sydney, Australia, August 2009. steps. Enhancing Mobility after Hip Fracture Symposium. Update on polypill trials. 57th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of Vancouver, Canada, October 2009. the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, What works in exercise to prevent falls and injuries? Australian Australia, August 2009. Osteopathy Association Conference Week. Sydney, Australia, Time to ditch blinded endpoint adjudication? 57th Annual October 2009. Scientifi c Meeting of the Cardiac Society of Australia and Physical activity in people aged 40-65: implications for an ageing New Zealand. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. population. Queensland Department of Health. Talk to clinicians Blood pressure and blood glucose control in diabetes. 57th and health promotion staff. Brisbane, Australia, June 2010. Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. MARK STEVENSON Validation of the Vietnam mortality study. Statistics Dr PS Rao Annual Oration – Implementing new paradigms New Zealand and the Australasian Mortality Data Interest Group for cardiovascular disease prevention. XIV Annual Meeting of Combined Meeting. Wellington, New Zealand, December 2009. the Cardiological Society of India (Andhra Pradesh Chapter). Vijayawada, India, July 2009. Driven to distraction: road safety research for 2020. Australasian College of Road Safety National Conference. Perth, Australia, DAVID PEIRIS November 2009. Monitoring and clinical systems in primary care. Aboriginal Road safety 2020: smart solutions, sustainability, vision. Health & Medical Research Council Action for Health Australasian College of Road Safety National Conference. Conference. Sydney, Australia, September 2009. Perth, Australia, November 2009. 17_ COLMAN TAYLOR JUPITER: extra gravity or spin? 3rd East Meets West Cardiology. Research in progress – the cost and benefi t of helicopter Pattaya, Thailand, August 2009. emergency medical services. Emerging Health Policy Conference. We don’t have the tools to accurately deal with CVD in Sydney, Australia, August 2009. women. 3rd East Meets West Cardiology. Pattaya, Thailand, Helicopters – cost effective? South West Area Network XVII August 2009. Trauma Conference. Liverpool Hospital. Sydney, Australia, Where to draw the line for abdominal obesity: evidence from July 2009. international data. Joint Statistical Meeting of the American ANNE TIEDEMANN Statistical Association. Washington DC, USA, August 2009. The development of a brief performance-based fall risk Interpreting studies of predictor variables and clinical assessment tool (QuickScreen) for community-dwelling older outcomes: what does having a risk factor really mean? XXII people. Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Week. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. Haemostasis. Boston, USA, July 2009. Predictors of adherence to a supervised exercise program in YANGFENG WU older community dwelling people. 7th National Physical Activity Long term benefi t of salt substitution. World Congress of Conference. Brisbane, Australia, October 2009. Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. FIONA TURNBULL A randomized controlled trial on effect and cost-effectiveness Lowering blood pressure to protect against cardiovascular of low cost, simplifi ed, primary healthcare provider-based disease: does baseline blood pressure matter? 31st Annual cardiovascular disease prevention and management program Scientifi c Meeting of the High Blood Pressure Research Council in rural China. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c of Australia. Sydney, Australia, December 2009. Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. Hospital quality improvement initiatives in the management The rising burden of cardiovascular diseases in China. World of acute coronary syndromes: the CPACS experience. 20th Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, Great Wall International Congress of Cardiology. Beijing, China, June 2010. October 2009. Salt reduction in China. World Congress of Cardiology Cardiovascular risk management among female and male Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, China, June 2010. patients in Australian General Practice: the AusHEART study. Utility of subclinical CVD measures in stratifying CVD risk. 57th Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the Cardiac Society of World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Australia, August 2009. China, June 2010. JACQUI WEBSTER LIJING YAN Getting serious about salt in the Pacifi c. World Health Use of polypill in community for primary prevention of CVD. Organization Pacifi c Island Non-communicable Disease Forum. World Congress of Cardiology Scientifi c Sessions. Beijing, Nadi, Fiji, June 2010. China, June 2010. Salt reduction in the Western Pacifi c Region: baseline SOPHIA ZOUNGAS situational assessment. World Health Organization Western Association of glycaemic exposure with macrovascular and Pacifi c Regional Offi ce Forum on Salt Reduction in the Region. microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: ADVANCE Singapore, June 2010. prospective observational analyses. 20th World Diabetes Getting the labeling right for salt. Salt in the diet: the elephant Congress. Montreal, Canada, October 2009. in the room: why health professionals needs a shake-up. How to read a report of a randomized controlled trial. Symposium hosted by the Australian Academy of Science Australian Atherosclerosis Society. Melbourne, Australia, and the Nutrition Society of Australia. Sydney, Australia, October 2009. August 2009. The effi cacy of lowering HbA1c with a gliclazide modifi ed A novel electronic decision support system to assist GPs in release-based intensive glucose lowering regimen in the cardiovascular disease risk management. Pfi zer Cardiovascular ADVANCE trial. 20th World Diabetes Congress. Montreal, Lipid Forum. Sydney, Australia, July 2009. Canada, October 2009. JADE WEI Arterial function: metabolic infl uences and therapies. Genetics of ICH in INTERACT2. 7th International Stroke International Society for Vascular Health. Melbourne, Australia, Genetics Consortium Workshop. Edinburgh, UK, June 2010. October 2009. Comparison of recovery trajectories and prognostic indicators ADVANCE-ON: a post-trial observational study. 20th World for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in China: the ChinaQUEST Diabetes Congress. Montreal, Canada, October 2009. registry study. XVIII European Stroke Conference. Barcelona, Targeting lipid fractions other than LDL to improve Spain, May 2010. cardiovascular risk in diabetes: what does the evidence say. Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in urban China. XVIII World Congress on Oils and Fats and the 28th International European Stroke Conference. Barcelona, Spain, May 2010. Society of Fat Research Congress. Sydney, Australia, September 2009. MARK WOODWARD Cardiovascular epidemiology in Asia and Australasia. Columbia Glycaemic exposure and the risks of vascular complications and University Seminar. New York, USA, October 2009. death in patients with type 2 diabetes: ADVANCE prospective observational analyses. Annual Scientifi c Meeting of the The Asia Pacifi c Cohort Studies Collaboration and its relevance Australian Diabetes Society. Adelaide, Australia, August 2009. to public health. The Hong Kong Public Health Forum. Hong Kong, September 2009. From risk factor to prognostic factor: when association is not enough. University of Glasgow Seminar. Glasgow, UK, September 2009. Current role of hsCRP in cardiovascular risk prevention. 3rd East Meets West Cardiology. Pattaya, Thailand, August 2009.

_18 • Diabetes Australia – NSW COLLABORATORS • Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND • Domino’s Pizza • Aboriginal Medical Service Western Sydney • Double Bay Physiotherapy • Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health • Dunedin Hospital • Ambulance Service of New South Wales • Epilepsy Action Australia • Auckland City Hospital • Flinders Medical Centre • Auckland MRI Research Group • Flinders University, Department of Medicine • Austin Hospital • Florey Neurosciences Institutes • Australasian College of Road Safety • Food Media Club • Australasian Faculty of Public Health Medicine • Food Standards Australia New Zealand • Australasian Kidney Trials Network • Freedom Foods • Australasian Sleep Trials Network • Fremantle Hospital • Australian Academy of Science • Garvan Institute of Medical Research • Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and • Geelong Hospital Transplant Registry • George Weston Foods • Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University • Gold Coast Hospital • Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society • Goodman Fielder Clinical Trials Group • Gosford Hospital • Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology • HJ Heinz Co Australia Ltd • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in • Healthy Kids School Canteen Association NSW Health Care • Heart Foundation • Australian Food and Grocery Council • High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia • Australian National University • Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital • Australian Red Cross Blood Service • Hunter Medical Research Institute • Australian Stroke Trials Network • Inala Indigenous Health Service • Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute • James Cook University • Bakers Delight • John Hunter Hospital • Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital • Kellogg’s, Australia and New Zealand • Bendigo Health Care Group • Kidney Health Australia • Bendigo Hospital • Kids and Traffi c – Early Childhood Road Safety Education • Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Exercise Program, Macquarie University • Bourke Aboriginal Community Working Party • Kolling Institute of Medical Research • Brain and Mind Research Institute • Launceston General Hospital • Cairns Base Hospital • Liverpool Hospital, Australia • Canberra Hospital • Maari Ma Aboriginal Health • Canberra Institute of Technology • Macquarie University, Department of Psychology • Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre

PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 • Cancer Council NSW • CARI Guidelines • McCain • Central Australian Aboriginal Congress • McDonald's • Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research (CBMHR), • Melbourne Renal Research Group The University of Newcastle • Ménière’s Support Group of NSW Inc • Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation • Menzies Centre for Health Policy, the University of (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney Sydney • Centre of National Research on Disability and • Menzies Research Institute Tasmania Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), The University • Menzies School of Health Research of Queensland • Middlemore Hospital • CHOICE • Monash Medical Centre • Christchurch Public Hospital • Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) • Clinical Excellence Commission • Monash University, Department of Epidemiology & • Coalition for Research to Improve Aboriginal Health Preventive Medicine • Coles Supermarkets • Monster Muesli • Concord Hospital • Nambour General Hospital • Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health • National Heart Foundation of Australia • CoRE Research Group Pty Ltd • National Stroke Foundation • Corporate Nutrition Melbourne • National Stroke Research Institute • CSIRO Human Nutrition NSW • National Transport Commission • Deakin University • Nepean Hospital 19_ • Neuroscience Research Australia • The Parents Jury • New England Hunter Valley Mental Health Services • The Queen Elizabeth Hospital • New South Wales Food Authority • The Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners • New South Wales Health • The Smith's Snackfood Company • New Zealand Food Safety Authority • The Sydney University Nutrition Research Foundation • Ngaanyatjarra Health Service • The Townsville Hospital • Nganampa Health Council • The University of Adelaide • Nindilingarri Cultural Health Services • The University of Auckland • North Ryde Physiotherapy • The University of Melbourne • North Shore Heart Research Foundation • The University of New South Wales • North Shore Hypertension Service • The University of Queensland • Nutrition and Wellbeing Clinic • The University of Sydney • Oporto Australasia • The University of Western Australia • Pain Management and Research Institute, the University • The Woolcock Institute of Sydney • Unilever Australasia • Physiotherapy Research Foundation • University of Ballarat, School of Human Movement and • Pine Rivers Renal Clinic Sports Sciences • Prince of Wales Hospital • University of South Australia, Nutritional Physiology • Princess Alexandra Hospital Research Centre • Renal Research • University of Technology, Sydney • Research Australia • University of Wollongong • Roads and Traffi c Authority, NSW • Urapuntja Health Service • Rotary Sydney Cove • Waikato Hospital • Royal Adelaide Hospital • Wellington Hospital • Royal Brisbane Hospital • Western Desert Nganampa • Royal Children's Hospital, Queensland • Westmead Hospital • Royal Hobart Hospital • Wollongong Hospital • Royal Melbourne Hospital • Wuchopperen Health Service • Royal North Shore Hospital • Yum! Restaurants Australia • Royal Perth Hospital BELGIUM • Royal Prince Alfred Hospital • Erasme Hospital • Ryde Hospital, Department of Physiotherapy • Liege University Hospital • Ryde Rehabilitation Centre Sydney • University Hospital Gasthuisberg • SaltMatters • University of Leuven • Sanitarium BRAZIL • Sax Institute • Universidade Cidade de São Paulo • Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais • Specialist Magnetic Resonance Imaging CANADA • St George Hospital • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group • St Vincent’s Public Hospital, Department • Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of of Physiotherapy, Sydney British Columbia • St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne • CLARITY Research Group, McMaster University • Stroke Society of Australasia • Cochrane Back Review Group • Subway Systems Australia • Hamilton Health Sciences • Sydney Adventist Hospital • McMaster University Health Centre • Sydney Children's Hospital • MedPharmGene Inc • Sydney Health Projects Group, the University of Sydney • Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health • Sydney South West Area Health Service Sciences, McMaster University • Sydney Specialist Physiotherapy Centre • Prognomix Inc • Sydney Spine Physio • Queen’s University • Tangentyere Council • Sunnybrook Research Institute • Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation • University of Alberta • The Alfred Hospital • University of Calgary • The Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain • University of Toronto Injury and Health • Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute • The Children’s Hospital at Westmead CHILE • The Food Group • Clinica Alemana • The Heart Research Institute _20 CHINA • Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare • Baotou Central Hospital • Indian Institute of Public Health • Beijing Chinese-German Safe-Driving Technology • Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College Development Co Ltd and Hospital • Changzhi Medical College • Jehangir hospital • China Medical University • KEM Hospital, Mumbai • Chinese Society of Cardiology • KEM Hospital, Pune • Fu Wai Hospital • King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam • Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control • Lalitha Super Specialty Hospital and Prevention • Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre • Ministry of Health • Mediciti Hospital • Ningxia Medical University • Medwin Hospital • Peking University First Hospital • Narayana Hrudayala • Peking University Health Science Center • Nithra Institute of Sleep Sciences • Shanghai Institute of Hypertension • Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences • The University of Hong Kong • Osmania Medical College and Hospital • Xi’an Jiaotong University • Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh COLOMBIA • PSG Hospital • Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe • Public Health Foundation of India FRANCE • Ramana Maharishi Rangammal Hospital • Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Université Paris • Ruby Hall Clinic Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, • Seven Hills Hospital, Visakhapatnam Hôpital Cochin • Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences • INSERM • Sir Ganga Ram Hospital • Lariboisiere Hospital • Sri Chitra Institute GERMANY • Sri Ramakrishna Medical Center • Friedrich Schiller University of Jena • St. Johns’ Hospital, Bangalore • Physio-Akademie des ZVK gGmbH • St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore • University of Leipzig • St. Theresa Hospital, Hyderabad INDIA • The George Foundation, Bangalore • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi • University of Hyderabad • Apollo Hospital, Chennai • Vijaya Health Clinic • Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad • Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences • Arneja Heart Institute IRAN • Asian Heart Institute and Research Centre • Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University • Baby Memorial Hospital of Medical Sciences • Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital IRELAND • B.L.Y. Nair Hospital • University College Dublin PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS & COLLABORATORS 2009-10 • Brain Waves ITALY • Byrraju Foundation • University of Rome • CARE Foundation MALAYSIA • CARE Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad • Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health • CARE Hospital, Nampally, Hyderabad • Hospital Ipoh • CARE Hospital, Ramnagar • Hospital Kuala Lumpur • Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology • Hospital Kuala Terengganu • Centre for Chronic Disease Control • Hospital Melaka • Centre for Economic and Social Studies • Hospital Pulau Pinang • Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana • Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II • Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore • Hospital Selayang • Deccan College of Medical Sciences • Hospital Sultanah Aminah II • Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Centre • Hospital Taiping • Frontier Lifeline – Dr. K.M. Cherian Heart Foundation • Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah International Center for Thoracic and Vascular Diseases • Hospital Tuanku Ja • Gandhi Medical College Hospital • Hospital Umum Sarawak • G B Pant Hospital • University Malaya Medical Centre • GKNM Hospital • Global Hospitals, Hyderabad MEXICO • Indian Council of Medical Research • Road Traffi c Injuries Research Network 21_ NORWAY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • Oslo University Hospital, Division for Neuroscience • Coordinating Centers for Biometric Research, and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Minnesota SAUDI ARABIA • Dana Center for Preventative Ophthalmology, • King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Johns Hopkins University • Duke Global Health Institute SOUTH KOREA • Yonsai University • Duke University • Harvard University SWITZERLAND • Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, • World Health Organization University of Washington THAILAND • International Life Sciences Institute • Bhumibol Adulyadej (Royal Thai Air Force) Hospital • John Hopkins University • King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital • Johns Hopkins School of Public Health • Rajavithi Hospital • Mayo Clinic • Ramathibodi Hospital • MMRF Berman Center for Outcomes and • Siriraj Hospital Clinical Research THE NETHERLANDS • Mount Sinai Medical School • Department of Public Health and Primary Care, • The University of Minnesota Leiden University Medical Centre • University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute • EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, • University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Centre VU University Medical Centre for Sports Medicine • Erasmus University Medical Center, Department • University of South Carolina of General Practice • University of Utah • Groeningen University Medical Center VIETNAM • Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, • Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research University Medical Center Utrecht • Hanoi School of Public Health • Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO, Utrecht • Maastricht University • Utrecht University • VU University, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences UNITED KINGDOM • Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University • Cochrane Stroke Group • Consensus Action on Salt and Health • Food Standards Agency • Imperial College London • International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London • Keele University • Leeds Institute of Health Sciences • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine • Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism • Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre • University of Aberdeen, Department of Public Health • University of Central Lancashire, Department of Central Nursing • University of Oxford • World Action on Salt and Health

_22 The George Institute for Global Health POSTAL ADDRESS PO Box M201 Missenden Road NSW 2050 AUSTRALIA HEAD OFFICE Level 7, 341 George Street Sydney NSW AUSTRALIA Telephone +61 2 9657 0300 Facsimile +61 2 9657 0301 HOSPITAL Level 10, King George V Building Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Missenden Road Camperdown Sydney NSW AUSTRALIA THE GEORGE INSTITUTE, CHINA Room 1302, Tower B, Horizon Tower No. 6 Zhichun Road, Haidian District Beijing 100088 CHINA Telephone +86 10 8280 0577 Facsimile +86 10 8280 0177 THE GEORGE INSTITUTE, INDIA 839C, Road No. 44A, Jubilee Hills Hyderabad – 500033 INDIA Telephone +91 40 2355 8091 Facsimile +91 40 2354 1980 UNITED KINGDOM 14-16 Westbourne House Westbourne Grove London W2 5RH UNITED KINGDOM Telephone +44 207 313 4420 Facsimile +44 207 313 4426 www.thegeorgeinstitute.org

23_ globally

locally

CHANGING LIVES YEAR IN REVIEW 2009-10 globally locally

_1 Our research is helping people, to lead healthier lives…

George Institute research is helping people all over the world to lead healthier lives. Find out on page 16 2_ how we are doing this in China through groundbreaking research on the use of motorcycle helmets. Our research is improving the delivery of health care…

George Institute research is improving the way health care is delivered in countries around the world. Find out on page 24 how our research into just one little pill has the potential to revolutionise the way health providers treat vascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke, on a global scale. _3 4_ Our research is helping people who are ill to get better…

George Institute research is helping people who are ill to get better. Read more on page 20 about how our researchers’ analyses of 60 years of clinical trial data has provided critical evidence into the effectiveness of cholesterol lowering treatments. _5 Our research is empowering disadvantaged people to overcome barriers to good health…

George Institute research is empowering disadvantaged people to overcome barriers to good health. On page 30 you’ll fi nd out how our research has identifi ed the problem of high blood pressure in Tibet and how our research 6_ into a salt-substitute is providing a solution to this issue. Operational and academic excellence in clinical trials…

Find out on page 32 how George Clinical, our wholly-owned surplus-generating enterprise, is providing operational and academic excellence in the management and delivery of a wide range of clinical trials. _7 Contents 9 Who we are 10 What we do 10 Mission and values 12 We promised, we delivered 14 Chair and Principal Directors’ report 16 Changing lives: Globally, locally 16 Our research is helping people to lead healthier lives 16 On your bike, safely 18 Our research is helping people who are ill to get better 18 Taking aim at back pain 21 The sixty-year fi brate story 22 Our research is improving the delivery of health care 22 Charting a course through cardiovascular risk 25 Polypill – The potential of just one pill 26 Innovation across the nations 28 Our research is empowering disadvantaged people to overcome barriers to good health 28 Taking care of all the little ones 31 A life less salty 32 Operational and academic excellence in clinical trials 32 The George Clinical story 34 Philanthropy at The George Institute 36 At The George Institute 36 Our academic leaders 42 Our staff 43 Our excellence 43 Awards and achievements in 2009-10 44 Inside The George Institute 44 Role of The George Institute’s Board 48 Governance and management 50 Financial report 54 Audit report 55 Funding sources IBC Publications, presentations and collaborators (separate insert)

8_ WHO WE ARE WHO WE

Imagine an organisation where some of the world’s leading minds are working together to achieve one purpose. One purpose, driven by a desire to improve the health of millions of people worldwide. One purpose, which has transformed us from an Australian-based institute, into one with o" ces in China, India and the United Kingdom. One purpose, where our research actually bene# ts people rather than just talking about the problems they face. If you can imagine that then you’re starting to get a good idea about who we are.

Our Year in Review tells you our story in 2009-10. Through this report you’ll see how our research is helping people to lead healthier lives; how our research is helping people who are ill to get better; how we are helping to improve the delivery of health care; and how we are helping the most vulnerable communities to overcome barriers to a healthier life.

_9 10_ WHAT WE DO health research ofthehighestscientifi The George Institute for Global health has been undertaking to improve the health of millions of people worldwide. and ‘high impact’ are bywords for the work we do in our quest of people on a local level right now. ‘Innovation’, ‘creativity’ conducting research that has the power to improve the health years and years to make a difference to people. We’re all about Our research is not undertaken in laboratories. It doesn’t take globe. the around care health of delivery the and systems improve to best how on decisions evidence-based make people and organisations governments, help to research groundbreaking and innovative we’rewasn’tproducing that also If enough, world toovercome thebarrierstheyfacetobetterhealth. some ofthemostdisadvantaged populationsaround the consequences oftheirconditions. We’re alsoworking with how besttohelpthesepeoplerecover andmanagethe treat peoplewhorequire intensive care, aswell todetermine studies todeterminehow clinicianscanbestmanageand well asneurological andmentalhealthissues. We global run groundbreaking research onmusculoskeletalconditionsas and thebestapproaches toprevention. We’re out carrying researchundertake aimedatidentifyingthecausesofinjury illness, diabetes,andstroke are allinoursights. We also biggest killers.Diseases diseaseandkidney likeheart We conductresearch that’s tacklingsomeoftheworld’s c calibre for over a decade. • • • We dothisby… of millionspeopleworldwide. We seekto Health our At TheGeorgeInstituteforGlobal Mission andvalues • • • • • • affects peopleacross theglobe: Our • health issues. Targeting ourresearch atglobal them achievereal change. Talking todecisionmakershelp decisions abouthealth. Providing thebestevidencetoguide disease andinjury. those whoare mostvulnerableto our workhasreal consequencesfor Our emphasison implementation. face ofadversityorotherbarriersto timely, effective action,eveninthe Our organisations worldwide. our collaborationswithpartner our workandinteractions,including Our health problems. solutions totheworld’s leading an impetusfornewandinnovative traditional thinkingandprovide Our ethical andofthehighestquality. produce scientifi Our focuson disadvantaged peopleworldwide. issues affecting high-riskand will spurustotacklethehealth Our people throughout theglobe. Focusing onthemostdisadvantaged values ‘cando’ integrity creativity humanitarian commitment mission refl improve thehealth ecthowourresearch approach willproduce excellence willunderpinall willchallenge cevidencethatis issimple. impact willensure will

_11 12_ WE PROMISED, WE DELIVERED epoie We delivered We promised 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. RESEARCH HIGH-IMPACT HIGH-QUALITY, IN CHINA&INDIA ROBUST OPERATIONS FINANCIAL STABILITY MANAGEMENT & APPROPRIATE GOVERNANCE RELATIONSHIPS STAKEHOLDER STRONGER > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > strength, andtoprovide focusforoptimumemployee satisfactionandretainment. Completion ofaglobalstaff surveyandfocusgroups to identifyourareas of with ournewglobalstructure. Successful roll-out ofourglobalre-branding strategyto bringallouroffi is consistentacross ourglobalentities. A constitutionalreview process toensureofourorganisation thegovernance with theCentre forEntrepreneurship andInnovationattheUniversityofOxford. An international stakeholder event in the UK for medicalin ChinaconjunctionwiththeAustralianChamberofCommerce inBeijing. innovation hosted in partnership A numberofeventstobuildourglobalprofi A highlevelofglobalmediacoveragegrowing ourprofi Indigenous andruralpeoples. China and India in relation to improving foodPositive engagementandsupportfromministersoffi government policy, road safety, and the health of A strategicandspecifi Research workshopsinIndiatobuildresearch capacityandestablishnewprojects. and UnitedKingdomoffi An increase in staff in India. One-third of our staff now work in our China,management capacityandfosterfuture research. India Appointment of a Head of Research and Development in India to increase CenterforChronicSuccessful launchoftheChinaInternational DiseasePrevention. Foundation ofIndia. Establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) withChina. thein Public Healthinitiative reduction formulation of new projects, including a household health survey in Continual progressIndia onourongoingregionally specifi and a salt Signifi Initial plansforthecreation oftwomore strategicenterprises. A seven-foldincrease infundsfrom ourstrategicenterpriseGeorgeClinical. signifi Successful leveragingofphilanthropic donationstoengageandsecure philanthropic eventheldinChina. a comprehensive fundraisingstrategyforAustraliaandChina,ourfi Consistent growth ofourphilanthropic capacityandactivities,including A total of 13 awarded research fellowships, an increase of 15% on the previousA totalof14awarded peer-reviewed grants. year. to develop, implement and evaluate innovative approaches to health care delivery. The creation of The Chalmers Centre for Partnerships in Health Care Innovation populations inAustraliaandChina. Research aimedatclosingthegapinhealth care inequalitiesamongdisadvantaged comparative ineffectiveness ofcommonlyusedtreatments inintensivecare units. benefi cantfundsfrom government. cant research fi ts of drinking coffee and tea to prevent type 2 diabetes, and highlighting the ndings that received worldwide attention, such as the potential c list identifying our top stakeholders for each of our global offi ces. le, including a successful stakeholder event c research programs and the le around the world. cials in Australia, cesinline rst ces. How we’ve performed

RESEARCH OUTPUT: Academic publications and presentations ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS 2008 – 2009 To ensure maximum exposure of 2009 – 2010 research fi ndings, the Institute maintained its number of publications and presentations in 2009-10. During the year research fi ndings were published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the British Medical Journal, the Public Library of Science (PLoS) PEER-REVIEWED CONFERENCE BOOKS/ and The Lancet among others. JOURNALS PRESENTATIONS BOOK CHAPTERS This publication record is extended and supported by our stakeholder engagement program, working with government and media.

INSTITUTE FUNDING SOURCES Income 2009-10 The George Institute is an independent not-for-profi t INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS AU$25.5M PEER-REVIEWED AU$11.8M organisation. A best practice funding GOVERNMENT FUNDING AU$5.3M model underpins the Institute’s TRUSTS AND FOUNDATIONS AU$2.6M operations which makes the best use DONATIONS AND SPONSORSHIPS AU$0.6M OTHER AU$1M of donor funds, as well as producing self-generated income. Our strategic enterprise, George Clinical, generates a surplus from mission- related commercial activities which is re-invested into the main work of the Institute. See more on George Clinical (page 32) and our funding sources (page 51) later in the report. STAFF AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE FTE staff numbers at The George Institute A total of 341 (249.1 full time across the world as at 30 June 2010 equivalent) staff were employed at the Institute as at 30 June 2010. AUSTRALIA 166.2 INDIA 42 Collectively, China, India and the UK CHINA 37.9 represent one-third of the workforce. UNITED KINGDOM 3

_13 14_ CHAIR AND PRINCIPAL DIRECTORS’ REPORT diseases, wasthe developmentofan‘Electronic DecisionSupportTool’ called evidence-treatment gapsin thecare provided by GPsforpeoplewithcardiovascular By wayofexample,ourresponse totheAusHeartstudyfi increase thequalityofhealthcare whilegettingthemostvalueformoney. on identifying innovative approaches, informed by a solid evidence base,limited resources. A signifi that are likely to funders of health care; namely how best to ensure that care is safeOur and research effective, is alsoeven addressingwith the big questions being asked by both providersIMPROVING HEALTH CARE and get the most effective and targeted treatmentpotential for one ofto thetransform world’s the lives biggest of peoplekillers. at disease. Thefi risk of cardiovascular illness, ensuring that that haveexaminedthebenefi people During theyearwealsoreleased fi outcomes. health better provides basis, responsive whether taking paracetamol at set times of the day, as opposed to taking it on a pain of paracetamol – the most effective treatment for early onset back pain – to determine the management of back pain, we are now undertaking research examining the effects pharmacists inthefi were able to offer improved guidance for GPs while identifying the need to up-skill (GP) diagnoses of people seeking care for their back pain. As a result of this work, we these fi one in four Australian adults are currently living with this condition. Complementing Our research in 2009-10 has provided new evidence into the triggers for back pain; OVERCOMING ILLNESS developing programs ofresearch aimedattacklingtheseimportantissues. workshops in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research,of Understanding with a view towith the Public Health Foundation of India and conductednow on a ourseries agenda, of more than ever before. During the year, we signedof child a Memorandumand adolescent obesity and the subsequent prevention of chronicIn India, disease areopportunities to contribute new knowledge aimed while emphasisingthecontinuingneedforeffectiveat publiceducationprograms. reducing the growing burden and below. Our work has resulted in suggested improvementsChina, roadin enforcement crashes are practices, estimated to be the largest causerelating of death to thefor usethose of agedmotorcycle 45 years helmets by people inIn these China fast and developingVietnam our countries. research Inhas provided criticalproduced research fi evidence to guide improvements Over the past year The George Institute has completed a number of studies and HEALTHIER LIVES you someofourachievementsin2009-10Year inReview. the health of millions of people worldwide. Wemany are more proud countries, to share havewith contributed new evidencethe United aimed Kingdom,at improving and involving partnershipsOur activities,conductedfrom ouroffi and collaborations across organisation – an organisation that is ‘Changingthe lives:past year Globally, we have locally’.continued our growth towardsorganisation becoming and a facilitateglobal the achievement ofHowever, organisational growth goals. can Overalso provide opportunitiesGrowth to canstrengthen be challenging an in the development of any organisation. ndings on the causes of back pain, we also examined general practitioner ndingsonthecausesofbackpain,wealsoexaminedgeneralpractitioner ndings from this research – outlined in greater detail in this Review – have the ndings that will enable people across the globe to lead healthier lives. ghtagainstbackpain.Aspartoftheongoingprogram ofworkinto cant amount of our research in 2009-10 has, therefore, focused ts of cholesterol medication for people at high risk of heart ndings from a project that assessed all the known studies ces in Australia, China, India and ndingsthatidentifi ed ‘HealthTracker’ which aids doctors in the types of services and support the from the New South Wales government identifying health risks to their patients. community will need in the future. in this fi nancial year, in addition to the This tool will be rigorously assessed in the At the ‘top of the world’, staff from our infrastructural support funds provided by coming year, to determine whether it does China offi ce have been working with the Australian Federal Government. indeed lead to improvements in health communities in Tibet to determine the A WORD OF THANKS care for high-risk patients. prevalence of high blood pressure in Finally, our last word must be one of We’ve also been collaborating with the local population and how best to thanks to the members of the Board colleagues across the globe in a series of reduce its prevalence. Specifi cally, our and its committees and especially to studies examining the potential benefi ts research has shown that the use of a the staff and students of the Institute. of combining multiple medications salt substitute to reduce salt intake in This year, more than ever, the Board into a once-a-day pill. Our ‘polypill’ the diet has the potential to have a very and its committees have contributed research aims to improve the adherence major positive effect in reducing high enormously to supporting the activities to treatment by individuals who are blood pressure in this population. of the Institute. We are also very at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. EXCELLENCE IN CLINICAL TRIALS appreciative of the commitment of our If these pills prove to be successful As in previous years, the activities staff to achieving the Institute’s mission. in increasing adherence, they have of The George Institute have benefi ted They deserve our thanks for their the potential to reduce cardiovascular enormously from both the operational determination, hard work and belief disease worldwide, while slashing the support provided to our large-scale that the work that we do collectively costs associated with these illnesses. clinical trials and the fi nancial support is making a difference to the lives of In the UK, we co-hosted Medical provided by George Clinical. Throughout millions of people worldwide. Innovation 2010 – a conference involving the year we have strengthened our international and UK contributors – with management and scientifi c teams at the University of Oxford’s Saïd Business George Clinical in Sydney, China and India, School. This conference provided a useful to ensure that for the foreseeable future introduction to The George Centre for George Clinical will continue to provide Health care Innovation at the University a healthy fi nancial surplus that can be DR JOHN YU AC of Oxford which we plan to establish invested into the work of the Institute. Chair and launch in early 2011. The Centre is MAINTAINING A SOLID ORGANISATION charged with developing innovative yet pragmatic evidence-based strategies and Strengthening the Institute’s operational technologies to address the global health and support services, as well as its management and governance care challenges of the 21st century. PROFESSOR STEPHEN MACMAHON arrangements, have been major focuses Principal Director OVERCOMING HEALTH INEQUALITIES during the past year. We have been In 2009-10, the Institute also continued particularly mindful of the need to to focus on research that empowers remould each of these areas, as the disadvantaged populations to Institute transitions from being an overcome barriers to healthier lives. Australian-based Institute with overseas PROFESSOR ROBYN NORTON Our staff have been working with offi ces, to that of a global organisation, Principal Director the Aboriginal communities in Fitzroy as outlined in the Institute’s 2009-2011 Crossing in Australia’s rugged North strategic plan. West, understanding the effects of We have also been mindful of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) continuing need to rigorously manage in this community. Stage one of the our fi nancial resources and as with many two-stage ‘Marulu: The Lililwan Project’ other research institutes continue to be has involved identifying and visiting the thrilled, but challenged, by the successes region’s children born in 2002/2003 (7-8 of our research staff, in an environment years old), to assess the prevalence of where infrastructure funds to support this condition. The fi ndings from this our activities are static or declining. initial phase have been vital in informing We were, however, pleased to be the stage two of the project, which hopefully recipients of major infrastructural support will lead to recommendations about _15 16_ CHANGINGCHANGING LIVES:LIVES: GLOBALLY,GLOBALLY, LOCALLYLOCALLY Our research is helping people to lead healthier lives On your bike, safely bike, your On there’s been amoratoriumontheregistration ofnew bikes since1999. becoming partofthetourismtrail.Oneinsevencitizensownamotorcycle, but growing rapidlyoverthelastdecade,attractinghi-techbusinessandincreasingly million people.Byboatit’s justoveranhour from HongKong.Zhongsanhasbeen Chinawithapopulationofaround twoandahalf Zhongsan isacityinSouthern the mandatoryhelmetlaw. passengers are more likelytowearhelmetsaspoliceare more likelytoenforce about alackofeducationsafety. Inmore developedregions driversand years andbelow. DrYu saysthatfailure toprotect oneselfinChinaispartly that road collisionsare themaincauseofdeathinChinaforthoseaged45 70% and40%respectively. In2008,theWorld HealthOrganizationestimated crash –thefi There’s noquestionthathelmetssavelivesanddecrease headinjuriesina without helmetscanbefi to complybut,until2004,thefi scooters withanenginesizeunder50ccare exempt. There are penaltiesforfailing for motorcycle riderssince1988,althoughmopeds,electricscootersandmotor studies haveestimatedonly30-60%doso.Helmetusehasbeenmandatory Despite Chineselawstatingthatmotorcyclists mustwear helmets,previous are notsuitableformotorcyclehelmets sometimesworn use. Yu, manyChinesedonotunderstandthatthesun-protection andconstruction Good qualityhelmetscostclosertoAU$8.Inaddition,notescolleagueDrJames for AU$2-4oftencomecompletewithaforgedsafetystandard sticker,” shesays. “There’s ahugeblackmarketandthecheapsubstandard helmets,whichretail motorcycle helmetsthatmeetacceptedstandards. Theproblem istwo-fold. Chinalookingfor unsuccessfully spenthourscombingshopsinSouthern Professor Ivers,wholeadsTheGeorgeInstitute’s InjuryDivision,saysshehas that protects theriderfrom seriousheadinjury. more thanplasticbucketslackingthe shock-absorbingfoamlining safetystandards.most wouldnotmeetinternational Theyare little up onvisitstoSouthEastAsia.Oninspection,it’s obvious that a colourfulcollectionofmotorcycle helmets thatshehaspicked On topofAssociateProfessor Rebecca Ivers’offi injured inroad traffi Dr Yu saysthat toreally makeadifference intermsofreducing thosekilledor of non-standard helmets. drivers andpassengers.Evenso,there’s stillasignifi streets, itwasapparent thatcompliancewas greater intheurbansettingforboth When thehelmetusagedatawere analysedseparatelyfortheruralandurban 4,498 passengers,only940(20.9%) wore aproperly secured motorcycle helmet. worrying. Approximately oneinthree wore ahelmet(34.1%) and,ofthetotal motorcycle helmet(43.2%).Thedataforpillionpassengerswasevenmore drivers (72.6%)wore ahelmet,butlessthantwoinfourwore aproperly secured for 13,410driversand4,498passengers.Approximately three ofeveryfour rural andurbanroads,” saysDrYu. The data,gathered in2009,wasobtained “We observedmotorcyclists at20different sitesacross thecity, whichincluded correct useofmotorcycle helmetsinZhongsan. colleagues atTheGeorgeInstitute,Chinadecidedtoassesstheprevalence and Chinesecities,DrYuGiven theshortageofhelmetusedatafrom Southern and gures, produced bytheInstitute’s InjuryDivision,are approximately caccidents,visible enforcement programs whichtakeinto nedanywhere from AU$3toAU$30. newaslessthanAU$1.Now, motorcycle riders cantproblem around theuse ce bookcasesits account whether or not a helmet often purchased to avoid penalties day from unintentional injuries: more meets safety standards and is correctly rather than to protect the riders’ heads. than the number of children who die fastened, need to be implemented. Importantly, in the province where he from infectious diseases. The second “At the moment, if you are wearing a carried out his 2005 observational study, most common cause of these injury- helmet it’s ok; it doesn’t matter that it’s compliance was almost 60% on the related deaths is road traffi c accidents; not good quality or that it’s not being roads where helmet use was mandatory. the fi rst is drowning. worn properly,” says Dr Yu. However, there are other barriers to Both the children and adults who The George Institute researchers helmet use. Ms Linh, a Sydney-based survive a road traffi c crash may have suggest that changes to the City beautician, who was born and raised to spend the rest of their lives coping bureaucratic structures could help to in Ho Chi Minh City, says that because with an injury-related disability, improve the situation. “Motorcycle it gets so hot and humid the helmets perhaps needing constant care. helmet quality is the responsibility of become very smelly, which is why Given the existing demands on the the Bureau of Quality and Technical she never wore one. Indeed, other current health system and Vietnam’s Supervision and the Administration prevalence studies in low and middle- increasing motorisation, it’s perhaps for Industry and Commerce, rather income Asian countries have revealed not surprising that the government than the traffi c police. We believe joint there are seasonal changes in helmet announced a National Policy on action strategies on enforcement of use. But, as Professor Ivers’ helmet Accidents and Injury Prevention in helmet quality may help to improve collection reveals, there are models with 2001, setting a target of reducing road the prevalence of helmet use and the vents in the top that better suit the Asian traffi c deaths from 14 to 9 per 10,000 quality of helmets worn in the region,” climate and would help to circumvent vehicles by the year 2010. Whether explains Dr Yu. this problem. that target has been met is as of yet “There’s also a need for extensive According to Dr Hung, a good quality unknown, but The George Institute’s public education programs around helmet may cost up to 28% of a research has helped to defi ne measures how to choose and wear a helmet; Vietnamese person’s monthly income, to make that life-saving goal a reality. these need to target all riders and and many are reluctant to leave them passengers,” he says. on a parked bike. The alternative is to Vietnam is also struggling to boost lug around the cumbersome headgear helmet use among its motorcycle-riding while shopping. When there’s more population. However, unlike in China, than one passenger per bike, this where more than a hundred major problem is multiplied. Moreover, earlier cities have prohibited motorcycles due this year, the government introduced to traffi c chaos, Vietnam’s city streets new legislation that makes it ! e number of are overrun with motorcyclists. There’s mandatory for children over the age of rarely a break in the traffi c, so to cross six to wear a motorcycle helmet when motorcycles produced the road takes courage and some nifty riding as pillion passengers, meaning navigational skills. On the dirt roads, families will need to purchase even in China this year widespread in rural Vietnam, there more helmets for their household. exceeds the population are fewer motorists, but often there’s “Given that a motorcyclist is multiple passengers carried on the approximately 20 times more likely of Australia. bikes. Indeed, families of four seem to than a car occupant to die in a motor have no trouble precariously perching vehicle crash, and serious injuries may on a small two-wheeler! be sustained by motorcyclists even Vietnam does have helmet use when travelling at low speeds, it’s legislation, but until 2007 it only applied essential that all motorcycle riders and on certain assigned routes and national passengers regardless of age are properly roads. The George Institute’s Dr Dang protected,” says Professor Ivers. Hung, whose PhD thesis includes In a recent George Institute research the fi rst assessment of helmet use in study commissioned by Unicef, it was Vietnam, reported that overall use was found that over twenty Vietnamese as low as 29.9% and that helmets are children and adolescents die every _17 18_ CHANGING LIVES: GLOBALLY, LOCALLY Our research is helping people who are ill to get better says Professor Maher. that includeanX-ray, CTscan or MRI,” are sentfor furtherdiagnostictests people withbackpainwhovisita GP found thatapproximately oneinfour report they dofortheirpatients.“We has beendocumentingwhatGPs doctors’ surveythat,foroveradecade, data from anongoingAustralia-wide The GeorgeInstitutescientistsanalysed who seektreatment forbackpain. examined howGPsrespond topeople research team,including onethathas will linkinwithotherprojects inhis sudden onsetbackpain.Thenewstudy participants whohavejustexperienced such astudywhere theywillinterview researchers are currently planning Professor Maher’s George Institute says. he episode,” an triggers what about conclusions any drawing before need you information the is this but pain, back of beginning the to prior period a in events the all examined have that studies no currently are “There pain. back onset recent acute, an triggers what identify reliably can’t you period, longer a over doing were people what consider you unless that explains Maher. He Professor says herrings,” red be may they cause, a pinpointing to comes it day. When every out carry they that activities trivial often are these but started, pain back the before just doing were they thing last the recall often “People the paincomesonsuddenly. pain, andinabout60%ofcases Australian adultslivewithback Approximately oneinfour caused theproblem. it’s unlikelythismovement Musculoskeletal Division,says who leadstheInstitute’s pain, butProfessor ChrisMaher, started experiencingback remember doingbefore you may bethelastthingyou teeth ortwistingawkwardly Bending downtobrushyour pain Taking back at aim Maher andcolleaguesare interested guidelines were introduced. Professor of treatment bydoctorssincethe divergence inprescribed courses if anything,there hasbeengreater the research teamalsofoundthat, that came into effect in 1995. However, treatment ofrecent onsetbackpain and MedicalResearch Councilforthe from theAustralianNationalHealth There are guidelines cleargovernment explains Professor Maher. simple and cheap like paracetamol,” potential for harm, than something or opioid drugs which have a greater of non-steroidal anti-infl Often GPs are recommending a course medicines at the appropriate doses. aren’t being prescribed the appropriate “We also found that many people of medicines given out by doctors. Of perhaps more concern is the types to consider,” hesays. CT scans there’s the exposure to radiation downsides. It is costly, and for X-ray’s and lower,” he remarks. “Imaging also has rate for imaging to be substantially or infection. “We’d expect the referral serious disease, like cancer, or a fracture their back pain will be found to have a a hundred people who see their GP for pain isnon-specifi Yet Professor Maher knows 90% of back no-no,” exclaims Professor Maher. recommending bedrest, whichisabig it was20yearsoutofdate.“Itincluded Prescribing Servicetheyfoundsomeof at thematerialfrom theNational Indeed whentheresearchers looked correct information.” believe GPshaveready accesstothe Perhaps mostimportantly, wedon’t and therisksofvariousmedicines. have thetimetoexplainoptions Another isthatGPsdon’t necessarily and canfi expect tobereferred forfurthertesting possible answers.“Oneisthatpeople in whythisissoandhaveacoupleof xateonhavingadiagnosis. c and less than one in ammatory drugs information. With thetrend inhealth information. With different wayshealthprofessionals get to needchipawayatallthe Professor Mahersaysit’s essential integrate intotheGP’s practicesoftware. to develop decision support tools that Service, and working with colleagues material for the National Prescribing of General Practice, writing up-to-date workshops for the National Divisions approaches. They include holding Institute researchers are taking several To redress the current situation, George Professor Maherbetween60% and is called‘under-dosing’. According to Professor Maher. Thisphenomenon doctor togetsomethingstronger,” says are stillin pain, andthenheadforthe a coupleofparacetamols,fi until itgetsunbearable.Thenthey take people tryand‘toughout’thepain of backpain.Theproblem isthatmost extremely effective fornewepisodes paracetamol, ifusedcorrectly, is previous research hasshownthat to getbetterfrom backpain.“Our as afi This includes administering paracetamol treatments forbackpain. best deliver simple, safe and effective GP and, for the remainder, how to which of their clients should see a screen for serious disease to determine will teach pharmacists how to verbally up-skill pharmacists. The pilot study Institute is setting up a program to Concord Hospital in Sydney, The George McLachlan, Chair of Pharmacy at Together with Professor Andrew side effects anddosing.” medicines, includingpotential of theirknowledgeaboutindividual – butwecancapitaliseonthedepth do –suchasordering medicalimaging “There are thingspharmacistscan’t be awaytohelpsolvetheproblem. pathway involvingpharmacistsmay that initiatinganewhealthcare than justaprescriber, he alsobelieves care forpharmaciststobecomemore rst-linetreatment forpeople ndthey arrghhhh!

80% of people who self-medicate use the wrong dose. “We believe one of the most important steps is to get people to take simple medicines properly; this will give the medicines a fair chance to work.” Professor Maher says they are also testing the best way to get back pain under control. The George Institute is currently part-way through running a trial, which will compare the effectiveness of ‘time-contingent’ (taken at set times of the day) paracetamol with ‘as-required’ paracetamol. Incidents of back pain increase as you get older. While the direct costs of this health problem in Australia are estimated at AU$1 billion, the indirect costs from lost labour are eight times that fi gure. Hence treatment programs that aid return to work and help reduce the rates of recurrence are likely to have signifi cant cost savings. “Treatments for back pain that require one-on-one therapy are unlikely to be cost-effective solutions, given the extent of the problem in the population. We are, therefore, examining resources available at the community level, and are proposing to evaluate wellness programs such as Tai Chi, which have been shown to work for a range of conditions, including falls prevention in the elderly,” says Professor Maher.

_19 20_ CHANGING LIVES: GLOBALLY,GLOBALLY, LOCALLYLOCALLY Our research is helping people who are ill to get better body. It is the key ingredient used to make vitamin vitamin make to used ingredient key the body.is It complicated saga,cholesterol vanquished because it has an essential role in the the in role essential an has it because vanquished D and that mustbedefeatedifwe ar attack orstroke. Yet, likeevery it is a vital component of a cell’s membrane. Cholesterol isoftenpaintedasavillain steroid hormones, such as oestrogen, and can not be completely completely be not can e to avoid a heart heart a avoid to e character in a The sixty-year fi brate story

Cholesterol is a white waxy in an effort to fi nd one that would colleagues to include in their meta- fat synthesised mainly in the alter cholesterol levels in rats. It then analysis. In total, they collectively had liver. It is circulated throughout progressed through clinical trials in the information on 45,058 patients. the body via the blood. Our 1960s. Clofi brate was, however, phased “We found that fi brate therapy does genes partly dictate the out in the mid-1980s due to its side decrease the risk of cardiovascular levels of cholesterol in our effects. By then a number of clofi brate events, but the effect is more body by regulating the rates analogues that were safer and better moderate than that ascribed to of cholesterol synthesis and tolerated had been developed. Some of statins,” he says. Indeed the size of breakdown. As most of us these are still used today. the effect has meant that previous know, diet can also have a Associate Professor Vlado Perkovic, a studies, all of which were smaller, signifi cant effect on a person’s co-director of The George Institute’s came to differing conclusions over the cholesterol level. Renal and Metabolic Division, says it relative benefi ts of fi brate use as none Cholesterol levels are assessed wasn’t until the 1990s that researchers were large enough. This includes a according to the proteins in the began to piece together how fi brates recent study (the ACCORD trial), where bloodstream that transport them: exert their physiological effect. “We patients received both fi brates and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low- know now that fi brates trigger a cell- statins. “The ACCORD trial was unable density lipoprotein (LDL). HDL is the Dr signalling pathway that leads to more to show that fi brates had a clear and Jekyll to LDL’s Mr Hyde. The high and triglycerides being broken down and additional benefi t to statins, but that low-density naming refers to the size secreted, and less total cholesterol in study didn’t have the statistical power of the particles and the proportion of circulation,” he says. Notably, they to show a separate effect,” he says. protein they contain: the LDLs are larger raise the levels of good cholesterol Because of the constant uncertainty and heavier. They can travel into cells while lowering the bad, as well as as to whether fi brates protect against and stick to the inside of blood vessels, lowering overall triglyceride levels. adverse effects, they are not widely which can reduce the speed of blood Statins, which were discovered in the prescribed and, according to Professor fl ow. HDLs tend to be more compact, 1970s, also lower cholesterol levels, but Perkovic, some doctors don’t use them picking up cholesterol and returning it they do so by slowing an enzyme in the at all. However, the team hope that the to the liver for recycling or to specifi c liver involved in cholesterol synthesis. trend will change, based on the further tissues for hormone synthesis. They don’t have much affect on HDL fi ndings of their meta-analysis. Some of us manage to lead healthier levels, but substantially lower LDLs. “Despite fi brates having an overall lives by reducing the amount of LDL- There is clear evidence that statins moderate benefi t, there are two groups associated cholesterol in our blood, considerably reduce the risks of coronary of people for whom their use is likely to and thus the chance of developing heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular be particularly benefi cial when taken in cardiovascular disease, through dietary disease (CVD)-related mortality. addition to statins. This includes those modifi cation. However, reduction of Until now, the evidence that fi brates who’ve already had a heart attack and most LDLs requires specifi c medication also lead to better cardiovascular are thus at an increased risk of having of which there are several different results, has been thin on the ground. another cardiac event, and those who types, sometimes used in combination. George Institute researchers, have high levels of triglycerides,” says Levels of triglycerides, the main dietary therefore, decided to draw on their Professor Perkovic. fats, must also be kept in check. methodological expertise to assess all The conclusions of the fi brate Triglycerides come from vegetable oils the published fi brate clinical trials to meta-analysis will no doubt infl uence and animal products, and serve as an see if they could draw any conclusions current treatment practice, ensuring energy source. A high LDL cholesterol as to their overall clinical benefi t. fi brates are prescribed only to those level is often associated with a high The team had access to sixty years of who will derive benefi t. However, what triglyceride level and triglycerides are data to sift through. “Of the 1,195 could not be determined from the also components of LDLs. unique studies, most were excluded study is whether one fi brate is better The fi rst cholesterol lowering drug, because the study design wasn’t robust than another, but Professor Perkovic clofi brate, was discovered in an Imperial enough,” says Professor Perkovic. In believes those that have the largest Chemistry Industries (ICI) laboratory the end there were eighteen published effects on triglyceride levels are likely in London in the 1950s, through a fi brate trials that contained enough to be the most effective. methodical process that involved detail for Professor Perkovic and synthesising hundreds of compounds _21 22_ CHANGING LIVES: GLOBALLY, LOCALLY Our research is improving the delivery of health care measured upagainsttheAusHeartstudy. “We plantofollowupwiththese participated inthestudywere givenfeedbackonhowtheirprescribing practices the medicinesbeingprescribed,” saysDrHeeley. Allofthe300orsoGPswho gap betweentheevidencebaseandwhatisactuallyhappeningintermsof “There’s asignifi a bloodpressure loweringmedicationtogetherwithastatin. developing afi therapy. Theyalsofoundthattwo-thirds ofpeopleatthehighestrisk a bloodpressure loweringmedicine,astatinandanti-platelet(blood-thinning) cardiovascular diseaseswere notreceiving therecommended combinationof Specifi statin compounds. the best known being perhaps beta blockers and cholesterol lowering,disease. for example They include blood pressure lowering medicines of which thereThere are are many a number – of medicines used to reduce the risk of a major cardiovascular and stroke, were notbeingprescribed thebestpossiblecombinationofdrugs. risk ofcardiovascular disease,whichincludesbothheartandbloodvesseldisease Institute studycalledAusHeartthatrevealed asignifi Earlier thisyear, DrEmmaHeeleyandcolleaguespublishedfi been thesame. possible thathe’dstillhavebeenunder-treated andthattheoutcomewouldhave lowering medicinesavailabletodayweren’t around inShackleton’s time,it’s major cardiovascular event.However, althoughthebloodandcholesterol pressure now knowthathislifestylewouldhaveplacedhimatahigherriskofhaving By thetimeShackletondied,heobviouslyhadestablishedheartdisease.We also that theheartattackwhichkilledhimwaslikelynothisfi never allowingadoctortolistenhisheart,there are suggestions from boutsofsevere painsacross hisshoulderblades.And,despite apparently rundownwithconstant colds andfevers,suffered eating toomuch.Inadditiontogainingweight,Shackletonwas Reports from 1919reveal hewasdrinkingheavily, smokingand fourth voyagetoAntarctica in1922. Hewasjust47yearsold. Shackletondiedofamassiveheartattackduringhis Sir Ernest risk cardiovascular through course a Charting an individual’s absolutecardiovascular risk.“Thesheernumberofguidelines was disease, meanadoctor hashadtorefer todifferent setsofguidelinestoassess and lipid(fat)levels.Butexistinghealth problems, suchasdiabetesorkidney Cardiovascular risk is basedonage,gender, smoking,aswellblood pressure radar,” says Dr Heeley. cardiovascular diseases. Theseare peoplewhoare currently fl to severalriskfactorswhich,incombination, substantiallyincrease theirriskof blood pressure, butthere’s asubstantialnumberofpeoplewithsmallerchanges tendency toconcentrateonasingleriskfactor, such ashighcholesterol orhigh reduce thenumberofpeopleaffected bycardiovascular disease. “There’s beena early identifi Australians livewithacardiovascular-related disability. DrHeeleyexplainsthat for approximately halfamillionhospitaladmissionsperyear. Over1.4million Cardiovascular diseaseistheleadingcauseofdeathinAustraliaandaccounts says DrHeeley. GPs soontoseeifthisfeedbackhasmadeadifference totheirclinicalpractice,” cally, theresearchers foundthathalfofthepeoplewithestablished cationofthoseatrisk,togetherwithappropriate intervention,could rstcardiovascular diseaseorillness,were notbeingprescribed cantunder-treatment ofcertainsubgroups ofpeople,anda cantproportion ofpeopleat ndingsfrom aGeorge yingunderthe rst. overwhelming,” says Dr Heeley, adding such as a blood pressure and cholesterol that this was just for cardiovascular lowering medicines. diseases, just one of many health “George Institute researchers had to problems doctors have to cover. collate all the treatment guidelines, Last year, the National Vascular Disease because there’s currently no standardised Prevention Alliance (NVDPA) released a course of treatment,” says Dr Heeley. She single set of guidelines that will make adds: “However, the EDS won’t take all it easier for GPs to assess absolute the guesswork away, because GPs will cardiovascular risk in adults aged 45-74 still need to recognise those people who years (35 years and above for Aboriginal need to be assessed.” or Torres Strait Islander adults), “What is particularly rewarding is including those who are overweight or seeing how our various research projects obese, who have diabetes or chronic are coming together to make a real kidney disease, or are without known difference to people’s lives through cardiovascular diseases. the delivery of better health care. In “The National Stroke Foundation, the theory HealthTracker will address the National Heart Foundation of Australia, two main problems highlighted by our Diabetes Australia and Kidney Health AusHeart study: the need to consider Australia, who make up the NVDPA, a patient’s absolute cardiovascular previously all had their own guidelines; disease risk and the need to properly now they have a clear consistent prescribe evidence-based treatment message,” says Dr Heeley. “It’s a great options,” says Dr Heeley. Notably, step forward.” these treatment options usually include These new guidelines also underpin The several medications in combination, George Institute’s Electronic Decision which is where The George Institute’s Support (EDS) Tool, which has been polypill study fi ts in. named HealthTracker. For those who are HealthTracker has been tested by a computer-literate, it’s a bit like a widget group of doctors at several locations that sits on your desktop. The beauty of in Sydney. It’s now being tweaked the system is that it’s designed to work and a larger trial across the state of with all the main patient record keeping New South Wales, Australia will begin software programs. For example, it can in 2011. This will include measuring automatically draw in the relevant data whether using HealthTracker changes stored on the GP’s computer. the prescribing behaviour of GPs, HealthTracker uses a complex which is the ultimate goal. mathematical equation to calculate a person’s absolute risk of having a heart attack or stroke in the next fi ve years. However, HealthTracker is more than Every day, almost just a fancy risk calculator. The doctor can change one or more of a patient’s 130 Australians die cardiovascular disease risk factors and demonstrate graphically how these of cardiovascular modifi cations will reduce that person’s fi ve-year risk of a major cardiac event diseases. like stroke or heart attack. HealthTracker is also unique in that it provides the GP with tailored treatment advice. This includes suggesting lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, and therapies, _23 Y L AL OC L

, Y ALL B O L G

: S E LIV

G

IN The George Institute’s Kanyini GAP G study fi ts into a larger body of work called the Kanyini Vascular Collaboration (KVC), formally

HAN established in 2006. It is a health services project CHANGINGC LOCALLY LIVES: GLOBALLY, with an overarching goal of reducing the treatment gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for major diseases such as diabetes, Our research is improving the delivery of health care health of delivery the improving is research Our stroke, kidney and cardiovascular disease. The KVC brings together a cross-section of researchers, policy-makers, clinicians, and communities from different backgrounds.

24_ Polypill – The potential of just one pill

Several trials are being Associate Professor Anushka Patel, who always reliable, we will also measure the conducted around the world has a lead role in the trials. patient’s blood pressure and cholesterol that aim to assess whether Professor Patel explains that the current levels,” she explains. combining multiple medications goal is not to prove the treatments “At the end of the study we will into a once-a-day pill may work, nor is it to determine what to compare the proportion of usual care trial help those at high risk of include in a polypill. Rather, they are participants who say they are taking all cardiovascular diseases, such as proof of concept studies. “We are three standard medications with those heart attack and stroke, adhere testing the effectiveness of combining taking the polypill. If the availability of to their treatment plan. medicines for ease of use and for the polypill lives up to its potential, we In Australia, the polypill protocol is delivery to those most in need – these expect that the polypill group will be being used in a George Institute study are people who are often economically more adherent and that their cholesterol called the Kanyini GAP study which disadvantaged. We believe the polypill and blood pressure measurements will involves 1,000 Indigenous and non- will increase compliance due to the therefore be lower,” says Professor Patel. Indigenous Australians. In New Zealand, lower cost to the patient and the A similar fi nding is also expected for the the study is named IMPACT and in the convenience of not having to take UMPIRE and IMPACT studies, which are United Kingdom (which has trial sites in multiple pills,” she hypothesises. currently ongoing. England, Ireland, the Netherlands and Because health services vary between Heart disease kills more people India) it’s UMPIRE. The secretariat for the countries, there are some minor than cancer and about 10% of collaboration (known as SPACE: Single Pill differences in the trial protocols, but the the population fall into the high to Avert Cardiovascular Events) is housed overall focus is on participants with the cardiovascular disease risk category. at The George Institute in Sydney. highest risk of cardiovascular events. According to Professor Patel, There are countless acronyms in In Australia, this includes Aboriginal approximately 40% of all major this research arena, all of which are and Torres Strait Islander Australians cardiovascular events occur in this meaningful, but the four component who suffer excessively from premature group. “This means the other 60% polypills being trialled are simply morbidity and mortality from chronic occur in the rest of the population known as Dr Reddy’s red heart pills diseases. Indigenous communities who are at lower risk,” she says. after an Indian company working are also particularly vulnerable to the It is this 60% who are the subject of with The George Institute to support effects of medication non-adherence another polypill trial run by Professor the project. There are two versions and under-usage. Patel’s colleague Professor Anthony of the pill. Both contain low-dose Since its inception, the Kanyini GAP Rodgers. Professor Rodgers and aspirin, a statin (simvastatin) and an study has recruited more than 200 his international collaborators have ACE-inhibitor, which lowers blood patients who have been randomised just fi nished a 12-week pilot study pressure (lisinopril). Version one also to receive either a polypill or usual care in 400 people likely to be prone to contains a beta-blocker (atenolol), strategy (usually multiple medications). cardiovascular diseases to assess how a standard type of medicine given Professor Patel says that they hope they would respond to a polypill. They to people who have already had a to fi nish recruitment in Australia by are assessing side effects and the pill’s heart attack. Version two contains a April 2011. By then, the aim is to have effectiveness by measuring blood diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide), which approximately 1,000 participants, half pressure and cholesterol levels. Results is an additional type of blood pressure of whom will be Indigenous. are due to be published shortly. lowering medicine often administered “We will monitor each person until the Given the huge global health burden to those who have had a stroke. average follow-up period is eighteen from cardiovascular diseases, there’s The polypills being used in the SPACE months. So, some of our volunteers much to be gained by a targeted trials are based on what was available in will be followed for six months, others approach to reduction. This is generic (off-patent) form at the time of for 2.5 years. At each visit we ask the particularly true in developing countries’ their formulation, because they need to patients what medicines they are taking. health care delivery systems. Moreover, be cheap. The once-a-day requirement We expect those receiving usual care to if a polypill proves to be a cost-effective meant only long-lasting drugs could say they are taking some combination of health strategy, future versions could be be included. “It was a technically three medicines: aspirin, blood pressure specifi cally formulated for subgroups challenging step and it took several lowering and cholesterol lowering of a population who have differing years to produce these polypills,” says drugs. But because self-reporting is not cardiovascular disease risks. _25 26_ CHANGING LIVES: GLOBALLY, LOCALLY Our research is improving the delivery of health care scholar-city ofOxford sitson A mapoftheancient nations the across Innovation effectively and affordably. A recent how best to deliver these programs of a lack of reliable evidence about low-income countries, largely because remains limited in both high and surprisingly, access to such programs conditions are well established. Perhaps diabetes and other ‘non-communicable’ largest killers like stroke, kidney disease, for the management of the world’s The cost-effectiveness of programs outlines Professor Norton. Centre forHealthcare Innovation,” research activitieswithin TheGeorge drugs anddevices,willbethefocusof the developmentofmore affordable effective pathwaysofcare orthrough through thedevelopmentofmore providing improved access tocare, and evaluatinginnovativewaysof avoiding premature death.Identifying could result inlargenumbersofpeople change inaccesstoqualityhealthcare, tackle themeffectively, evenasmall infrastructure orresources availableto in countrieswithinsuffi and complexdiseases,particularly 21st centuryepidemicsofchronic “Given thescaleofemerging with in-country collaborators. cutting-edge research in partnership and with which the Centre will conduct University of Oxford, has in its focus, Nuffi with the Oxford Martin School and the for Healthcare Innovation,affi the countries that The George Centre Sydney. Theplanefl the 17,037 kilometre journey from There’s plentyoftimetorefl innovation inhealthcare. dedicated towards furthering Institute’s UKfl in establishingTheGeorge George Institutehastaken the PrincipalDirector ofThe a reminderthat ofthejourney Professor RobynNorton’s desk; eld Department of Medicine at the agship centre ies above many of cient ect during liated says Professor Norton. “In India, one “Several are in the pipeline for 2011,” So what will these programs look like? overarching commitment,”sheadds. commissioners ofhealthcare isan services, multilateralorganisationsand health care, health such as government with thoseorganisationsdelivering and atareasonable cost.Engagement can beimplementedwidely, quickly based strategiesandtechnologiesthat innovative yetpragmaticevidence- Centre’s majoremphasisistodevelop explains Professor Norton.“The low tomiddle-incomecountries,” populations intheUK,aswell greatest burden indisadvantaged conditions thatare causingthe care Innovationwillfocusonthe “The GeorgeCentre forHealth in low-income countries. improvements in health care delivery focus for the Centre as identifying is, therefore, an equally important citizens in high-income countries improve the health of the poorest health care delivery systems can best Identifying innovative ways in which the same as the Republic of the Congo. Glasgow, UK was as low as 54 years, male life expectancy in some areas of on health inequalities revealed that World Health Organization report says Professor Norton. the potential to be equally successful,” extension of this approach in India has in China,sothemodifi had success with this approach already these conditions are managed. We’ve improvements in the way people with guidelines thatshouldleadtosignifi the management of care based on these then we will implement improvements in evidence-practice gapsare identifi and international clinical guidelines. If chest pains), is consistent with local syndromes, such as angina (severe the management of acute coronary Indian hospitals to determine whether involves working across a number of of the projects we plan to establish cation and ed, cant health care needsare identifi innovative waysofmanagingtheir in China,soitisclearlyimportantthat signifi older Chinesewillundoubtedlyplace of thishugeincrease inthenumbersof 100 millionby2050.Theimplications in China.Thisfi currently eightmillion80-year-olds China,” shecontinues.“There are the managementofhipfracture in exciting project aimedatimproving “We are alsoplanningtodevelopan of Oxford promises todeliver. Health care InnovationattheUniversity innovation thatTheGeorgeCentre for healthier future. Thisisthetypeof barriers thatstandinthewayofa required ifweare toovercome the century did.Likethen,innovation is easily astheplagueratsof14th illnesses cross nationalborders justas plagues ofthe21stcentury. These of collaboration,tobeatthewould-be groups andresearchers, inthespirit care providers, funders, consumer Innovation aimstoworkwithhealth The GeorgeCentre forHealthcare Norton resolutely. fi colleagues inChinatominimisethese are determinedtoworkwithour the disablingcostsofstroke andwe costs are likelytobeverysimilar “The healthimpactsofhipfracture for 70% of affected families. stroke hashugefi and families in China, so much so that disability are very costly for patients that these catastrophic causes of the cost of stroke has demonstrated undertaken by The George Institute on UK or Australia. In addition, research average income compared to that in the aged population with only 8% of the rapid ageing in China has led to an in both rural and urban settings. The challenges in access to health care China isahugecountrywithsignifi she says. nancialimpacts,”saysProfessor cantpressure onhealthservices gure willincrease to nancial consequences ed,” cant _27 28_ CHANGING LIVES: GLOBALLY, LOCALLY Our research is empowering disadvantaged people to overcome barriers to good health foster son,Tristan. Member, Fitzroy Crossing, with her Carer andFASD LeadershipTeam Pictured above: Marmingee Hand, which are nowbeingused to formulatewomen’s policyrightaround theworld. containing language informedbyAboriginalwomen JuneOscarandEmilyCarter, UN meeting.Representatives from 192nationstookhome ‘agreed conclusions’ The result was ashortfi opposition andverbalabuse. courage ofthelocalwomenwhodrove thisinitiativedespitefacingconsiderable awareness ofthebenefi Professor Latimer sayssheandhersisterdiscussedwhattheycoulddotoraise by 43%and55%respectively, andthepolicereport fewerfi violence and hospital admissions for alcohol-related incidentsThe only takeaway have alcohol almost you can nowhalved, buy in Fitzroy down Crossing is light beer. Domestic groups reside in the area, more than half of whom are in Fitzroy Crossing. Three and a half thousand people who come from one of four Aboriginal language forty-nine outlying communities spread across several hundred square kilometres. Fitzroy Crossing is the main town in the rugged Fitzroy Valley region, which includes conditions caused by the toxic effect of alcoholchildren on the being brain born of anwith unborn Fetal child. Alcohol Spectrumeffort Disorders to curb alcohol-related (FASD), violencea range and fatalities,of irreversible and to reduce women the lobbied number theof liquor licensing board to restrict alcohol sales communityin their town inin an the Fitzroy Valley in North WesternThe story Australia begins several where years prior, a group when of Elizabeth Indigenous Broderick told her sister aboutwere partofthereason thewomenhadmadejourney. a sister, ElizabethBroderick, whoisAustralia’s SexDiscrimination Commissioner, outback Australiatoaconcrete jungle,”shesays.Professor Latimerandhertwin from coming been have must trip this stressful how realise fully didn’t “We them. accompanied Latimer Jane Professor Associate Institute’s George The skyscrapers. Thecontrastinsurroundings couldnothavebeenstarker. Women. They arrived in Manhattan to be greeted by snow-covered were on their way to a United Nations Forum on the Status of for New York. It was March 2009, and Emily Carter and June Oscar their remote Australian community and boarded a plane bound The temperature was over 40°C when two Aboriginal women left ones little the Taking of all care lmthatwassubsequentlyintroduced byJuneOscaratthe tsofalcoholrestrictions, aswelldemonstratingthe ghts and street drinking. While there were some immediate and The study is named Marulu: The Lililwan Once the community has the stage obvious changes that resulted from Project. Marulu means ‘precious, worth two diagnostic data, hopefully by the the alcohol restrictions, it won’t be nurturing’ in the Bunuba language, end of 2011, they will use it to lobby possible to measure the effect on future while Lililwan means ‘all the little ones’ government for services and funds to generations for several years. “To be able in Kriol, another of the languages deal with the terrible legacy of FASD. to assess whether the incidence of FASD spoken in the region. The study has The George Institute and the University is declining, we need a starting point been divided into two stages and is of Sydney team are returning to Fitzroy or baseline,” says Professor Latimer. part of an overall community strategy Crossing for one week to test that they Indeed the prevalence of FASD in an to address FASD. have all the systems in place to proceed Australian population has never been The fi rst stage, completed this with the second stage of the study: full properly measured and FASD can be year, involved identifying the entire diagnostic testing. A small number of hard to diagnose because other factors region’s children born in 2002/2003 children will undergo vision, hearing, such as poor nutrition and severe (7-8 years old). It meant visiting all the speech, motor skills and psychological infections can cause developmental parents and carers of those children, testing, and a full paediatric problems similar to those caused by taking a very detailed history about assessment. Allied health personnel alcohol. At one end of the spectrum is what happened during pregnancy, who already live and work in the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). “These and recording any problems that community will be ‘up-skilled’, so that are the children who have distinctive the children had at birth and as they can carry out these assessments. facial features such as a thin upper lip they were growing up. In 2011, the team will then assess all and small eye openings, but for every Remarkably, of the 134 children of the children in the study. child with FAS, there are probably nine identifi ed, the research team has “What we’ll end up with is the number others who have emotional, learning been able to access 134, of whom of children affected with FASD – so for and behavioural problems that are 95% agreed to participate in the some children we will have a defi nitive characteristic of FASD.” project. “This speaks to the fact that diagnosis. For others we will have a FASD is not unique to Indigenous the community is driving this research. strong indication that their problems populations; it is seen in non-Indigenous That’s what’s critically different about are caused by alcohol exposure but children as well. “It is a delicate issue this work,” she notes. will be less certain. This will help us and we suspect that the Australia-wide They chose this age group because 7-8 to develop an individual management proportion of children with FASD is year olds are easier to test than younger plan that, with the consent of parents signifi cantly under-estimated. Those children, and they are at the point in and carers, will be communicated to affected often end up unemployed or their schooling where an intervention the schools and health services,” says in jail – we’d love to be able to change program is likely to have the greatest Professor Latimer. that,” she says. success. The community hopes that the It is hoped that if this study were to Providentially, June Oscar and Emily children affected by FASD will go on to be repeated in fi ve years time, the Carter, with whom Professor Latimer develop vocational skills and fi nd ways numbers of children with FASD would had now formed a strong bond based to work within the community. Stage 2 be greatly diminished. However, June on mutual respect and trust, invited will involve comprehensive health and Oscar and Emily Carter know that her to bring a research team, including developmental checks of all children. alcohol restrictions are not a complete Professor Elizabeth Elliott, Dr James “We see diagnosis of FASD as just solution, and that the Fitzroy Valley Fitzpatrick and Dr Manuela Ferreira from a small part of the study. It’s largely communities have only just begun a The Children’s Hospital at Westmead about getting support and care for long and hard journey to change the and the University of Sydney, back to these children, so that as adults they lives of their people. Yet, the message the community to assess the prevalence are given the opportunity to be the is already spreading. “We know other of FASD among children born prior to best they can be. When we leave communities around the Fitzroy Valley the alcohol restrictions. For the fi rst this community we want to have are asking to have alcohol restrictions time, researchers would have access to changed lives,” explains Professor extended to their area and, as far away prevalence data on a whole population Latimer passionately. “That’s the as Bourke, our researchers are being that might be generalised to other central mission of The George asked about this study – that’s a great similar communities. Institute,” she concludes. feeling,” Professor Latimer says with a deserved look of pride. _29 30_ CHANGING LIVES:LIVES: GLOBALLY,GLOBALLY, LOCALLYLOCALLY Our research is empowering disadvantaged people to overcome barriers to good health which isthelowest continentintheworld, level. Tibet’s altitudeandcoolconditions inhabitants live more than4,000metres impact directly onthedietofitspeople is onaverage just330metres above sea above sealevel. In contrast,Australia, at ‘the roof oftheworld’. Most ofits Tibet isaplacethatliterally and therefore ontheirhealth. A life less salty

The Tibetan diet is based on pressure, but only one in fi ve were aware millimetres of mercury (Hg). High blood grains and stews as the region’s of their problem, and only one in twenty pressure is when the systolic reading geography makes it diffi cult were on medication. “The problem was (the peak pressure when blood is being to grow fruit and vegetables. much larger than we anticipated, and one expelled from the heart) is over 140 Yak, goat and mutton meat is that needs to be urgently addressed,” millimetres Hg. Normal systolic pressure is often preserved through salting says Professor WU. Thankfully, previous usually 90-120 mm Hg. “Salt substitutes techniques. World famous yak tea research by George Institute researchers can achieve a drop of around 8 mm is the drink of choice – made by has shown that a simple solution is likely Hg, but with diuretics you can achieve adding yak butter and salt. While to be the most effective: reducing salt close to 20 mm Hg in this population.” the British are generally thought intake through a salt substitute. explains Professor WU. At AU$0.50 to be large consumers of tea, There are several different ways to (RMB2) a month, this is a very cheap and the Tibetans arguably are much substitute salt, but a salt substitution effective treatment combination that greater consumers – consuming study in Northern China, conducted could save millions in health care costs. up to seven litres of yak tea a day. by The George Institute in 2008, The George Institute study has caught “The high dietary salt intake combined showed that a compound of 68% pure the attention of the Tibetan government with the high altitude living conditions salt (NaCl), 22% potassium chloride who have recently commissioned the has given rise to a population with high (KCl) and 10% magnesium sulfate researchers to formulate a proposal to blood pressure or hypertension,” says heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H20) was extend the project. Professor WU Yangfeng of The George palatable and acceptable to the Chinese. “We are also now thinking about how we Institute, China. Tibet is number one in “Medicating a large proportion of a can spread the salt substitution message,” the high blood pressure ratings in China. population to decrease blood pressure adds Professor WU. “At the moment Approximately 40% of adults over the age would be a diffi cult and costly exercise, there are two key obstacles: fi rstly we of 40 have high blood pressure, according but our year-long study in rural Northern need to ensure the salt substitute is to a 2002 National Health and Nutrition China conclusively showed that salt widely available throughout the province, Survey. The average prevalence across substitution leads to sustained and not just in Lhasa, and secondly we have China is just under 20%, according to the substantial blood pressure reduction,” to make sure that it doesn’t cost more same survey. “High blood pressure greatly comments Professor WU. than regular salt. One solution might increases the risk of a major cardiovascular The George Institute, China has now be for the government to subsidise the event, such as a heart attack or stroke. fi nished the fi rst phase of the Tibet study. cost difference between regular salt and It’s also one of the most modifi able risk “We have baseline fi gures with respect salt substitutes. Once these fi rst two factors,” says Professor WU. to the prevalence of high blood pressure; problems are overcome, the third thing Professor WU is overseeing the China we have calibrated our blood pressure for us to do is to develop and spread Salt Substitute Study in Tibet, which aims meters, which is essential when you are health promotional messages, via a to both confi rm the prevalence of high working at high altitudes; and we have community-based health communication blood pressure in Tibetan people and just completed a six-month trial of the salt model for example,” he says. implement a program to reduce blood substitute in combination with low-dose However, Professor WU is aware that Tibet pressure in the population. diuretics in almost 300 Tibetans,” he says. is very different to other parts of China. “We As the 2002 National Survey assessed Diuretics are well-known for their blood don’t know yet if the public engagement urban Tibetan residents – those living pressure lowering effect. They act by strategies we have used elsewhere can be in Lhasa – George Institute researchers increasing the amount of sodium excreted extended, or if we need to come up with decided to survey Tibetans living in from the kidneys into the urine. At the some innovative method that is better suited pastoral areas, postulating they would be same time, more water is removed from to the culture,” he explains. at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. the blood. The net effect is a lower blood What The George Institute team does They were right. volume, which reduces pressure on the know is that unless large-scale blood The team recruited residents of three blood vessel walls. “Salt substitute on its pressure reduction measures are villages in the Yangbajing township, own is effective but you reach a plateau undertaken, the economic and social 90 kilometres northwest of Lhasa at an after about three months – if you include impact of having a sizeable population altitude of 4,300 metres. Of the over diuretics, you will get a bigger reduction in living under threat of, or with the 700 survey participants, 68.1% of men blood pressure,” adds Professor WU. consequences of, cardiovascular disease and 50.5% of women had high blood Blood pressure is measured in terms of will be devastating to Tibetan society. _31 George Clinical: Operational The George & academic excellence in clinical trials Clinical story

George Clinical is a wholly-owned surplus-generating enterprise Every medicine on the market must of The George Institute for Global Health. Uniquely, for most fi rst have been proven to be safe not-for-profi t research organisations, The George Institute is and effective in human clinical trials. able to subsidise its infrastructure costs and fund shortfalls for Clinical trials are conducted in several research programs from revenue generated by George Clinical. stages or phases, with the latter This funding model is an incredible source of strength for phases involving potentially hundreds The George Institute and helps to create stability in the often to thousands of people. There is fi nancially unstable world of health research. variability in the ways individuals For more than ten years, George Clinical, and its predecessor organisations, respond to a medicine: it depends on the contract research arm of The George Institute has been conducting and people’s genetic makeup, their existing managing clinical trials. They include academic-initiated and large international health problems and environmental pharmaceutical company-sponsored trials. factors. Thus, larger end-stage trials help researchers to identify potential Over this period, George Clinical has shown that it has the skills and expertise side effects that may only be present in to effi ciently handle all of the logistical and operational components of a a small percentage of the population. clinical trial. George Clinical has investigator contacts in 40 countries and over Clinical trials are also conducted for 300 sites under their management. the purpose of evaluating approaches

CHANGING LOCALLY LIVES: GLOBALLY, Associate Professor Vlado Perkovic, Executive Director of George Clinical, says that and strategies to treatment and by being an extension of an academic organisation, they tend to communicate with specifi c medicines, and to identify site investigators on a peer-to-peer level. “We have a different approach to trial better and more cost-effective management. We tend to engage more deeply and collaboratively with site partners, treatment and approaches. which seems to result in better performance.” Indeed, George Clinical consistently The conduct of clinical trials requires Operational and academic excellence in clinical trials breaks expectations through rapid patient recruitment and start-up times. substantial management. There are George Clinical is currently engaged in eleven trials that are at different stages legal requirements, ethics requirements, of activity. George Clinical has been involved in the recently published SHIFT trial. and trial registration requirements. Every “The aim of the SHIFT trial was to determine whether a heart medication called trial site, which is typically an individual ivabradine could reduce the number of hospitalisations and deaths due to heart clinic or hospital, must be approved, failure when given in addition to optimal current care. People at risk of heart trained and prepared. That’s before failure often have a raised heart rate and ivabradine acts by slowing the resting the recruitment of people even begins. heart rate. Unlike other treatments, such as beta blockers, it lowers the number Then there’s monitoring those people of heart beats per minute without reducing the strength with which the heart involved in the trial, data collection and, pumps (measured as blood pressure). This is a major benefi t for people with heart fi nally, data analysis. failure as their hearts are already weakened,” explains Professor Perkovic. Of the total of about 6,500 SHIFT trial participants, George Clinical recruited and managed the Asia-Pacifi c region participants, of which there were over 1,000. The results revealed that ivabradine can reduce the risk of death or hospitalisation by 26%, and those people with a higher resting heart rate will receive a greater benefi t. This means that 26 people would need treatment for one year to prevent one cardiovascular death or one hospital admission for heart failure. “Ivabradine is the fi rst new drug of this kind designed to come onto the market for decades. However, it’s currently only used to treat angina and is not licensed for use in heart failure. This study suggests that ivabradine could prevent thousands of deaths around the world each year in people who experience heart failure,” says Professor Perkovic. “Participating in and leading clinical trials on behalf of external investigators is a natural extension of The George Institute’s raison d’être. We will continue to extend our networks so that we can further contribute to clinical research that will improve global health and change people’s lives,” he adds.

32_ _33 34_ PHILANTHROPY AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE Philanthropy to improve the health of millions of people worldwide Our achievements in 2010 project? To address this predicament, heart disease and stroke throughout told on the preceding pages philanthropic seed funding often allows the world. This is particularly true for illustrate the story of The a pilot project to get off the ground and disadvantaged populations, whose George Institute. In the broad start producing the outcomes that can consumption of fast and processed spectrum of scientifi c research, be presented to government and other foods containing high levels of salt with basic science and test funders. In effect, the philanthropic causes an increasing number of tubes at one end, and health support has been leveraged to secure preventable deaths. We’ve had success service delivery and policy much larger amounts of funding. already this year in persuading the research at the other, we A very clear example of where Australian Government to set targets operate at the latter end. In we’ve achieved this is through our for salt levels in fast foods. We’ll other words, we’re about consultation work with the community continue this in 2011. people, not test tubes. What of Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia this means is that our research (see page 28). Here, initial support by Unique funding models almost always delivers an Bellberry Limited and an anonymous The George Institute is a not-for-profi t impact within three to fi ve donor provided the funding impetus organisation that includes a years, instead of fi fteen to to begin the project. Initial results surplus-generating enterprise called twenty. This is important for were then presented to the Australian George Clinical (see page 32). Profi t people who want to live and Federal Government, who awarded the generated by George Clinical is lead healthier lives right now. project over AU$1 million. Additionally, invested back into the main work For philanthropists, this is also important. the global creative agency, M&C of The George Institute to support In a relatively short period of time, they Saatchi, has provided support to help current research projects and to can see the impact their support is having. us raise the remaining money for the pilot innovative new projects. There is a global trend in philanthropy project. This is a stunning example of Proceeds from our enterprise division known as ‘giving while living’. how giving to The George Institute cover the Institute’s fundraising costs. makes a difference to the lives of As such, all donations received by The ordinary people. Role of philanthropy George Institute go directly into our Philanthropy plays an important Industry partnerships research and training. role in medical research, often providing support for the crucial, Industry and corporate partners can Looking ahead innovative projects not supported by play a vital role in helping us secure In 2011, we will continue to build on government. That innovation informs funding for research. The Australian our successes to date. We’ll forge closer and transforms public policies to create National Health and Medical Research relationships with the philanthropic real change. Over the last year, The Council (NHMRC), through its sector, and host a variety of events to George Institute has begun to develop ‘Partnership Project Grant’ scheme, introduce new audiences to our work. its philanthropic program, building on supports partnerships between the results of our stakeholder research researchers, industry and government. We will explore creative funding from the previous year. We’ve hosted Essentially, collaborating partners models, implement our philanthropy a number of events and luncheons contribute about half the funding and approach in China, and develop specifi c aimed at introducing our research to the NHMRC will match it. strategies to support our work in Aboriginal health, ageing and disability, wider audiences. We’ve also developed The George Institute, in partnership and urban health in India. By doing so, a philanthropy strategy specifi cally to with the Australian Food and Grocery The George Institute – and our partners support our work in China. Council, New South Wales Food – will continue our contribution to the Authority and the New South Wales rich narratives that have become the Leveraging philanthropy Department of Health, was awarded story of The George Institute. To attract signifi cant, multi-source such a partnership grant to reduce funding, such as government grants, people’s consumption of salt. Through To support our mission of researchers need to provide evidence that advocacy, we have been raising transforming the lives of millions their project is viable and able to produce awareness that eating foods containing of people worldwide, contact outcomes. Yet, how does one produce too much salt increases blood pressure Chris Ostendorf on outcomes without funding to start the – one of the biggest contributors to +61 2 8238 2402 or e-mail _35 36_ AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE academic leaders academic Our United Kingdom. China, Indiaandthe offi George Institute’s are workingatThe leaders ofthefuture that manyacademic also prideourselves of today, butwe the academicleaders a basetomanyof only doweprovide and itsvalues.Not the Institute’s mission of commitmentto had astrong sense Staff havealways of healthresearch. minds inthefi some oftheleading provides abasefor The GeorgeInstitute ces inAustralia, eld George Institutein 2008. Grant on behalf of The Most Outstanding Program Achievement Award for the He accepted the NHMRC fellowships and honours. received numerous awards, cardiovascular disease, he has his workinthefi many invited lectures. For papers and delivered several hundred scientifi Trials. He has published Academic Alliance for Clinical BioBank and Chairman of the Scientifi those as Chairman of the appointments, including holds several external appointments, Stephen his University and Institute Pacifi particularly intheAsia- in resource-poor settings, and complex conditions management of chronic His special interest is the cardiovascular diseases. and treatment of common on the causes, prevention is an international authority the University of Sydney. He Cardiovascular Medicine at Health and Professor of George Institute for Global Principal Director of The Stephen MacMahon is MacMahon Professor Stephen PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR c region. In addition to c Board of the UK eld of c PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR Prince Alfred Hospital. Epidemiologist attheRoyal an HonoraryConsultant Science Center, andis at PekingUniversityHealth an HonoraryProfessorship income countries.Sheholds injuries inlowandmiddle- burden ofroad traffi the current andgrowing research capacityto address increasing research and the World Bank,aimedat Health Organizationand supported bytheWorld Network, aglobalnetwork, Traffi Chair EmeritusoftheRoad inaugural Chairandisnow injuries. Robynwasthe particularly road traffi and prevention ofinjuries, authority onthecauses She isaninternational of SydneyMedicalSchool. Health) intheUniversity and AssociateDean(Global Professor ofPublicHealth Institute forGlobalHealth, Director ofTheGeorge Robyn NortonisPrincipal Professor Robyn Norton cInjuriesResearch c c EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,THE at TheGeorgeInstitute. Critical Conditionstheme Chair oftheChronic and Fellowship. Sheiscurrently Career Development Foundation ofAustralia a fi Sydney. Anushkaalsoholds from theUniversityof and aPhDinMedicine from Harvard University, degree inEpidemiology has aMasterofScience Physicians) in1998.She Australian Collegeof Fellowship oftheRoyal in cardiology (leadingto 1989, andhertraining Queensland inDecember training atTheUniversityof undergraduate medical Anushka completedher Prince Alfred Hospital. Cardiology atRoyal in theDepartmentof and aStaff Specialist the UniversityofSydney, the FacultyofMedicineat Associate Professor with Institute forGlobalHealth, Director atTheGeorge Anushka PatelisSenior Anushka Patel ProfessorAssociate GEORGE INSTITUTE,INDIA ve-yearNationalHeart EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SENIOR DIRECTOR, RENAL GEORGE CLINICAL GEORGE INSTITUTE, CHINA NEUROLOGICAL AND AND METABOLIC Associate Professor Professor WU Yangfeng MENTAL HEALTH Professor Alan Cass Vlado Perkovic Professor Craig Anderson WU Yangfeng is the Alan Cass trained as a Vlado Perkovic is Executive Executive Associate Director Craig Anderson is Professor nephrologist at the Royal Director of George Clinical, of the Clinical Research of Stroke Medicine and Prince Alfred Hospital, in the clinical trials arm of Institute at Peking University Clinical Neuroscience public health and health The George Institute, Health Science Center and in the Sydney Medical policy. He undertakes and also plays a key role Professor of Epidemiology School at the University of multi-centre clinical trials, in the Institute’s Renal in the Department Sydney and the Institute collaborative research in and Metabolic Division. of Epidemiology and of Neurosciences of Aboriginal health, studies He is a Staff Specialist in Biostatistics at the Peking the Royal Prince Alfred of the economic burden Nephrology at the Royal University School of Public Hospital. Having led several of chronic disease, and is North Shore Hospital, and Health. Yangfeng has made major international stroke developing a program of Associate Professor at the valuable contributions studies, Craig is widely implementation research University of Sydney. His reducing the impact of acknowledged as a leader focusing on translating major research interest cardiovascular disease in in his fi eld. He was recently research evidence into is understanding both the region as a result of awarded the Royal Prince practice. Alan is Chair of the cardiovascular risk his previous work at the Alfred Research Medal for the Scientifi c Committee associated with chronic Cardiovascular Institute, Excellence in Research. of the Australasian kidney disease and the Fu Wai Hospital, and the Craig is a member of several Kidney Trials Network, impact of interventions World Health Organization specialist societies, is an and regularly consults for that might mitigate this risk Collaboration Center in Editor for the Cochrane government to develop mainly through the conduct Cardiovascular Disease Stroke Group, and is strategies for chronic kidney of clinical trials and meta- Prevention, Control currently President of the disease prevention and analyses. He is Deputy Chair and Research in China, Stroke Society of Australasia. management, and plans for of the Scientifi c Committee and his current work at He has published widely renal service provision. of the Australasian Kidney Peking University. on the clinical and Trials Network. epidemiological aspects of stroke, cardiovascular disease and aged care, and is on the steering committee for several large-scale research projects.

_37 38_ AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE Franco-Australian relations. contributions toenhancing 2010, inrecognition ofhis National Order ofMeritin an Offi most recently, wasmade Australia (AC)in1991and Companion oftheOrder of was appointeda of Hypertension.He the European Society the ZanchettiAward of of Hypertension,and Society the International the Volhard Medalof of theWellcome Medal, Science, andawarding Australian Academyof through admissiontothe work hasbeenrecognised and internationally. John’s academic roles inAustralia also servedinmanysenior high bloodpressure. Hehas causes andtreatment of leader inresearch onthe University. Heisaworld of SydneyandFlinders Medicine attheUniversity and EmeritusProfessor of at TheGeorgeInstitute, of theProfessorial Unit John ChalmersisHead Professor John Chalmers SENIOR DIRECTOR ceroftheFrench Council oftheHigh member oftheExecutive Association. Heisalsoa UK andtheAmericanHeart Royal CollegeofPhysicians, Bruce isaFellowofthe in Auckland,NewZealand. Clinical Trials Research Unit as anepidemiologistatthe Institute in1999,heworked UK andpriortojoiningthe training atBristolUniversity, Bruce completed his medical Salt andHealth(AWASH). Division ofWorld Actionon Chair oftheAustralian of GeorgeClinical,and of Sydney, Scientifi Medicine attheUniversity Bruce NealisProfessor of Professor Neal Bruce SENIOR DIRECTOR and Prevention. Disease Epidemiology Society ofCardiovascular and theInternational Council ofAustralia Blood Pressure Research cDirector SENIOR DIRECTOR of RoadSafety. the AustralasianCollege and aLifetimeFellowof Australasian Trauma Society Mark isamemberofthe Development Agency. the SwedishInternational Organization, UNICEFand advising World Health income countries,including safety inlowandmiddle- childhood injuryandroad such asdriverdistraction, regularly advisesonissues and publichealth.He experience inroad trauma has extensiveresearch leader inhisfi Science Center. Aworld Peking UniversityHealth Honorary Professor atthe Council Fellowandan and MedicalResearch Sydney, aNationalHealth School attheUniversityof in theSydneyMedical Mark StevensonisProfessor Professor Mark Stevenson eld,Mark DIRECTOR, STATISTICS clinical trials. multinational PhaseIII/IV epidemiological studiesto public healthsurveysand medical studies,from reporting ofhealthand the design,analysis,and ten yearsexperiencein is astatisticianwithover statistical methods.Laurent the developmentofnew as wellteachingand observational studies, clinical trials,meta-analyses, Institute. Thisincludes undertaken atTheGeorge to supporttheresearch of statisticalexpertise responsible fortheprovision and datamanagers statistical programmers team ofbiostatisticians, Laurent Billotmanagesa Laurent Billot AND DATA MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, INJURY DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, CRITICAL CARE CARDIOVASCULAR Associate Professor MUSCULOSKELETAL AND TRAUMA Associate Professor Rebecca Ivers Professor Chris Maher Professor John Myburgh Graham Hillis Rebecca Ivers is Associate Chris Maher is Professor John Myburgh is Professor Graham Hillis is Associate Professor at the University in the Sydney Medical of Medicine at The Professor within the of Sydney, and directs a School at the University University of New South Faculty of Medicine at the research program which of Sydney. He also holds Wales, Honorary Adjunct University of Sydney, and is centred on injury a National Health and Professor in the Department a Consultant Cardiologist prevention, with a strong Medical Research Council of Epidemiology and with clinical appointments focus on the prevention Senior Research Fellowship. Preventive Medicine at at Concord Hospital, Royal of road traffi c injury. She Chris leads a program Monash University, and Prince Alfred Hospital has published widely in the of research focusing Honorary Professor at the (honorary), Strathfi eld fi eld of road traffi c injury, on the management of University of Sydney. He is Private Hospital, and and has been awarded musculoskeletal conditions lead clinician for research Central Sydney Cardiology. a NSW Young Tall Poppy in primary care and and Senior Staff Specialist His current post is partly Award in Science and an community settings. This in the Department of funded by a Life Sciences Achievement Award from research is characterised Intensive Care Medicine Research Award from the the National Health and by innovation, an at the St George Hospital, New South Wales Offi ce Medical Research Council interdisciplinary approach Sydney. John is a for Science and Medical of Australia for her road and an emphasis on simple foundation member and Research. His clinical and safety research. She is an treatments delivered well. current Chairman of the research interests include investigator on studies in Particularly committed to Clinical Trials Group of the echocardiography, acute a diverse range of areas, knowledge translation Australian and New Zealand coronary syndromes, including novice drivers, and health literacy, Chris Intensive Care Society. He is cardiac biomarkers, Indigenous road injury, has worked with local and also President of the College and the prediction and heavy vehicle crashes, international colleagues of Intensive Care Medicine. management of peri- and motorcycle safety in to develop information operative cardiovascular Australia, as well as projects technologies that deliver complications in patients aimed at preventing injury the best research undergoing cardiac and in China, India and Vietnam. evidence to clinicians major non-cardiac surgery. and health consumers.

_39 40_ AT THE GEORGE INSTITUTE Post-Doctoral Fellowship. Foundation ofAustralia holds aNationalHeart of Sydneyandshecurrently Medicine from theUniversity MPH (Hons)andaPhDin in 2002.Fionahasan Public HealthMedicine) Australasian Facultyof to Fellowshipofthe health medicine(leading her traininginpublic of Otagoin1992and training attheUniversity undergraduate medical She completedher University of Sydney. Medical Schoolatthe Lecturer withintheSydney Fiona Turnbull isSenior FionaDr Turnbull CARDIOVASCULAR DIRECTOR, especially mental health social determinants of health, research interests include Australia. His particular a psychiatrist in India and programs, and clinically as and other mental health Geneva on Project Atlas Health Organization, worked with the World mental health. Pallab has in particular expertise in experience to the Institute, Pallab brings a wealth of Development in early 2010. the Head of Research and George Institute, India as Pallab Maulik joined The PallabDr K.Maulik GEORGE INSTITUTE,INDIA AND DEVELOPMENT, THE HEAD OFRESEARCH Doctoral level training. completed his Masters and Health in Baltimore, where he Hopkins School of Public Tropical Medicine, and Johns School of Hygiene and public health at the London Delhi, he received training in of Medical Sciences, New at the All India Institute After training as a psychiatrist and intellectual disability. international mental health, services, mental disorders, AND DEVELOPMENT, THE HEAD OFRESEARCH the Ford Foundation. Foundation of China, and the National Natural Sciences Institutes of Health, USA, funded by the National several research projects or co-investigator on also the principal investigator health management. She is health care, and integrated economic evaluations in prevention and control, the areas of chronic disease has worked extensively in University, Beijing. Lijing of Management, Peking Institute, Guanghua School Economics and Management Chicago, and the Health Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Preventive Medicine, at the Department of Adjunct Associate Professor economics. She is also demography and health background in epidemiology, epidemiologist with a YAN Lijing is a cardiovascular Professor YAN Lijing GEORGE INSTITUTE,CHINA PROFESSORIAL FELLOW and NICE-SUGARstudies. George Institute’s SAFE lead investigatorforThe intensive care andwasthe largest trialsconductedin pivotal role insomeofthe care. Simonhasplayeda controlled trialsincritical of large-scalerandomised is thedesignandconduct his majoracademicinterest Clinical Trials Group, and Intensive Care Society Australian andNewZealand He isapastChairofthe Royal NorthShore Hospital. Intensive Care Unitatthe Staff Specialistwithinthe 1993 andisaSenior He settledinSydney Sydney, Toronto andOxford. intensive care inLondon, medicine, anaesthesiaand and trainedininternal at theUniversityofSydney the SydneyMedicalSchool Simon FinferisProfessor in Professor Simon Finfer PROFESSORIAL FELLOW PROFESSORIAL FELLOW PROFESSORIAL FELLOW Professor Richard Lindley Professor Anthony Rodgers Professor Mark Woodward

Richard Lindley is Professorial Anthony Rodgers is Mark Woodward is Fellow in injury, frailty Professor of Global Professor of Biostatistics, and disability, appointed Health at the University of at the University of Sydney in February 2010. After Sydney. After graduating and Adjunct Professor of graduating in medicine in the in medicine in the United Epidemiology at Johns United Kingdom, he trained in Kingdom, he trained in Hopkins University in geriatric and general medicine epidemiology and public Baltimore. He also holds in the UK and Australia, and health in New Zealand. long-term honorary was consultant and Senior He was the principal author academic appointments Lecturer at the University of the 2002 World Health at Mahidol University, of Edinburgh (1996-2003). Report, the main annual Bangkok, and Glasgow In 2003 he was appointed publication for the World and Dundee universities. Moran Foundation for Older Health Organization. Mark is Chair of the Asia Australians Professor of Since 2003, he has led a Pacifi c Cohort Studies Geriatric Medicine at the public-private partnership Collaboration and the University of Sydney, a post he developing an affordable senior statistician for several continues to hold. Richard has four-in-one cardiovascular international collaborative collaborated with colleagues combination pill (‘polypill’), studies. He has extensive at the Institute for many with a clinical trial experience of work in years, and moved his research program in economically developing countries, base to the Institute early developed and developing including work for several in 2010. His main research countries. His current aid agencies, such as themes have been the reliable work aims to foster similar developing a training assessment of new treatments developments designed package for the Millennium for older people, especially in to be ‘fi t for purpose’ in Development Goals on stroke and vascular disease. low-income settings. behalf of the United Nations. More recently he has focused on frailty and disability. He retains a clinical hospital appointment in the Sydney West Area Health Service (Westmead Hospital and now Blacktown Hospital). His research work at the Institute will build on the global theme of Frailty and Disability. _41 42_ OUR STAFF for Global Health as of 30 June 2010 of June 30 as Health Global for Institute George of The chart Organisation Australia, China,India and (249.1 fulltimeequivalent sta! We have 341totalsta! the United Kingdom. ) basedino" ces in

OUR EXCELLENCE OUR

Awards and achievements in 2009-10 Anushka Patel ...... Awarded National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellowship Bette Liu...... Awarded NHMRC Training Fellowship Bruce Neal ...... Appointed Member of Scientifi c Advisory Board PepsiCo Bruce Neal ...... Appointed Member of China Health Policy, China Studies Centre, the University of Sydney Cathie Sherrington . . .Awarded NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship Cathie Sherrington. . . . .Awarded NHMRC Career Development Award Colman Taylor ...... Awarded Dora Lush Public Health Scholarship Craig Anderson ...... Awarded NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship Elizabeth Clarke . . . . . Awarded NHMRC Training Fellowship Jane Latimer ...... Awarded Australian Research Council Future Fellowship John Chalmers...... Appointed Offi cer of the French National Order of Merit John Myburgh...... Elected President of the College of Intensive Care Medicine John Myburgh ...... Awarded St George Clinical School Research Excellence Award Julie Redfern ...... Awarded NHMRC Training Fellowship Liz de Rome ...... Appointed Member of the US Transportation Research Board (TRB) Sub-Committee on Motorcycles and Mopeds (ANF30) Liz de Rome...... Launched her booklet, The Good Gear Guide for Motorcycle and Scooter Riders, at Parliament House, Canberra Lizzy Dunford ...... Awarded Medical Foundation Scholarship, the University of Sydney Luciana Machado . . . . Won 2008 Peter Bancroft Prize for Research Maree Hackett...... Awarded NHMRC Career Development Award Marilyn Lyford...... Awarded Australian Injury Prevention Network (AIPN) Award for Excellence in Injury Prevention & Safety Promotion Practice Nicole Li ...... Awarded NHMRC Australia-China Exchange Fellowship Rebecca Ivers...... Appointed Secretary of the AIPN Robyn Norton ...... Appointed Chair Emeritus, Road Traffi c Injuries Research Network (RTIRN) Stephen MacMahon . . Awarded 2010 John P. McGovern M.D. Award Teresa Senserrick. . . . . Awarded NHMRC Career Development Award Vlado Perkovic...... Awarded Heart Foundation Career Development Fellowship

_43 44_ INSIDE THE GEORGE INSTITUTE and range of Institute activities and makes sure that key stakeholder interests, direction, riskmanagement,themonitoringoffi The Board’s central duty is to protect and promote the objectives and interests The Board is responsible for the way the Institute is governed, our strategic of The George Institute. To achieve this,theBoard considersthenature Commonwealth The Board makessure thattheInstitute complieswiththe Australian expertise of the Board to ensure that our governance and management including ethical,socialandculturalconsiderations,are addressed. from the Institute’s charitable status. As a research and academic The George Institute isabletodrawupontheskillsand organisation, the Board values and promotes scholarship, academic freedom andscientifi Role of The George Institute’s Board Board Institute’s George of The Role Corporations Act 2001 are robust, dynamic and rigorous. rigorous. and dynamic robust, are and other obligations resulting c integrity. nances and other reporting. Dr John Yu AC – Chair Don Green – Deputy Chair Elsa Atkin

John Yu has had a distinguished Don Green is a Fellow Chartered Elsa Atkin is a company director and career in paediatric medicine and a Accountant, a Fellow CPA, and a a cultural management consultant. strong commitment to community Senior Partner of Ernst & Young Previous roles include Executive affairs. His previous positions include Australia, where he leads the Oceania Director of the National Trust of Chief Executive of the New Children’s Transaction Tax Practice. He has held Australia (NSW), Deputy Director Hospital at Westmead, staff physician Asia-Pacifi c leadership roles of his of the Evatt Foundation, and a at the Royal Alexandria Hospital for fi rm’s Financial Markets and Japanese Senior Manager at the Australian Children, Chancellor of The University Business Programs, and is currently Broadcasting Corporation. Currently of New South Wales, and Deputy Chair of the Taxation Taskforce of she sits on several boards, including Chancellor of the University of Western Infrastructure Partnerships Australia. the Library Council of NSW. She was Sydney. John has served on many Over a number of years, Don has been made an Australia Day Ambassador management boards and charitable Director or Committee Chair of the (1998–2000) and Honorary Life organisations, including chairmanship Friends of the Mater Foundation for Member of the National Trust in 2005. of both VisAsia at the Art Gallery of the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, the Elsa joined the Board in July 2007. New South Wales, and the Centre Australian Council for Infrastructure for Asian Art and Archaeology at the Development, and the Institute of University of Sydney. He was appointed Chartered Accountants in Australia. a Member of the Order of Australia in Don joined the Board in May 2003. 1989 for services to medicine. In 2001 he was awarded the Centenary Medal and made a Companion of the Order of Australia. He was named Australian of the Year in 1996. John joined the Board as Chair in September 2006.

_45 46_ INSIDE THE GEORGE INSTITUTE Joanna joined the Board in March 2007. 2002 for services to the community. the Medal of the Order of Australia in curator and writer. She was awarded historian, industrial archaeologist, of Art and Australia. Joanna is an art member of the Editorial Advisory Board Museums and Galleries NSW, and a Operation Art, a board member of Committee. She is also Chair of Care Quality Council and Governance Westmead, and the hospital’s Health Council of the Children’s Hospital at Australia-China Council, the Advisory Joanna Capon is a member of the Joanna Capon OAM joined the Board in June 2004. Indonesia’s Aksara Foundation. Peter International Associates Limited and Dawson, and Chairman of Bangkok Counsel to the Australian law fi current directorships include Special the Order of Australia in 1994. His other for which he was awarded the Medal of Asian region spans more than 35 years, between Australia and the South-East His involvement in business relations Asia oftheAustralianlawfi was the Regional Managing Partner for advisory/ investment bankingfi corporate a Group, Venture Peter Church is Group Chairman of AFG Peter Church OAM rm. Previously he rm Freehills. rm Blake to theBoard onSeptember2009. the Humanities. Stephen was appointed Council of the Australian Academy of Association, and a member of the Committee of the Australian Historical Dictionary of Biography, the Executive of the Editorial Board of the Australian soldiers. Stephen has been a member policing, masculinity, and returned crime, poverty, social policy, eugenics, American and British history, psychiatry, He hasalsopublishedinthefi research expertise is Australian history. Australian Historical Society. His area of Sciences in Australia and the Royal Humanities, the Academy of Social of the Australian Academy of the University of NSW, and is a Fellow of the University of Sydney and The University of Sydney. He is a graduate Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the Stephen Garton is the Provost and Professor Stephen Garton elds of Jason Yat-sen Li Professor Stephen MacMahon Professor Robyn Norton

Jason Yat-sen Li is Managing Stephen MacMahon is Professor of Robyn is Professor of Public Health Director of Yatsen Associates Ltd, an Cardiovascular Medicine at the University and Associate Dean (Global Health) investment banking and private equity of Sydney and Principal Director of The within the Sydney Medical School fi rm based in Beijing. Previously he was George Institute for Global Health at the University of Sydney and Head of China Strategy and Senior (see full biography on page 36). Principal Director of The George Manager, Sustainable Development for Institute for Global Health (see full Insurance Australia Group, and worked biography on page 36). as a lawyer for the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, the Netherlands. He was a recipient of the Eisenhower Fellowship in 2002, as well as the Hauser Global Fellowship to New York University Law School in 2000. He is currently a Director of The Sydney Institute and a Governor of The Smith Family. Jason has been a member of the Board since June 2007.

_47 48_ GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT of Board committeemeetingsare reported totheBoard ofDirectors followingeachcommitteemeeting. To assisttheBoard withexecutionofitsresponsibilities, anumberofBoard committeeshavebeenestablished.Theoutcomes committees Board (RADAC) has been established whose membership consists of international healthresearch(RADAC) hasbeenestablishedwhosemembershipconsistsofinternational anddevelopmentpractitioners. In order toprovide theInstitutewithadviceonfuture research directions, aResearch andDevelopmentAdvisoryCommittee Committee Advisory Development and Research Committee Research Enterprises Committee George Health ecito Membership professional appointments‘. program asevidencedbytheiracademicqualifi whom needto’demonstratetheproven abilitytodirect aresearch Committee withaminimumoffi The Institute’s Constitutionrequires theestablishmentofaResearch Description Membership Description Audit Committee Finance, Riskand Committee omte ecito Membership Description Committee (RADAC) Development Advisory Research and Committee Committee Remuneration Provides strategicdirection onphilanthropic Fundraising Committee The GeorgeInstitute. long-term issuesfacing current, mediumand advice inrelation to Committee alsoissues and strategicplan.The the Institute’s mission within thecontextof development activities Institute’s research and quality ofTheGeorge of thescope,contentand independent assessment three yearstoprovide an approximately every body whichmeets RADAC is an independent plans andactivities. Provides strategicdirection onenterprise budget, auditandriskmanagementmatters. Oversees allfi employees oftheInstitute. Reviews remuneration forsenior plans andactivities. vemembers,themajorityof nancialmatters,including cationsandtheir Bruce Robinson,theUniversityofSydney, Australia Sally Redman,TheSaxInstitute,Australia Srinath Reddy, PublicHealthFoundationofIndia Patel, LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalVikram Medicine,UK Don Nutbeam,UniversityofSouthampton, UK Terry Australia Nolan,TheUniversityofMelbourne, Michael Merson,DukeUniversity, USA KE Yang, PekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter, China Garry Jennings,BakerIDIHeartandDiabetesInstitute,Australia Wendy Hoy, TheUniversityofQueensland,Australia Paul Elliott,ImperialCollege,UK Deborah Cook,McMasterUniversity, Canada Robert Califf, DukeUniversity, USA Robert Black,JohnsHopkinsUniversity, USA Terry Dwyer(Chair),Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Australia Don Green Joanna Capon Jane Austin David Clark Robyn Norton Stephen MacMahon Don Green Stephen MacMahon Jason Yat-sen Li Don Green Peter Church Don Green John Yu John Yu Elsa Atkin (Chair) (Chair) (Chair) (Chair) (Chair) John Yu Stephen MacMahon Robyn Norton Su-Ming Wong Vlado Perkovic Bruce Neal Institute management The George Institute Principal Directors, Professor Stephen MacMahon and Professor Robyn Norton are responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Institute’s strategic plan in consultation with the Senior Management Committee and the Institute Management Group. The Senior Management Committee has an Executive Group which oversees the day-to-day operation and administration of the Institute. Management Committee Description Membership Senior Management Provides recommendations to the Stephen MacMahon Richard Fisher Committee Principal Directors on matters of (Co-Chair) Anushka Patel strategic or operational signifi cance Robyn Norton Vlado Perkovic to the Institute. (Co-Chair) WU Yangfeng Jane Austin Executive Group The Executive Group oversees the Stephen MacMahon Jane Austin day-to-day operation and administration (Co-Chair) Richard Fisher of the Institute. Robyn Norton (Co-Chair)

Institute The Institute also consults widely with Craig Anderson Mary Moran Management Group Institute Directors, who lead and manage Laurent Billot John Myburgh major Institute programs. Members Rick Brown Bruce Neal of the Senior Management Committee Alan Cass Chris Ostendorf are also members of the Institute John Chalmers (from November 2009) Management Group. Denise Clarke-Hundley Sameer Pandey (from October 2009) Vinodvenkatesh Patel Joanna Cole A Sunder Rajan (until October 2009) Anthony Rodgers Peter Dolnik Mark Stevenson Samantha Flynn Cheryl Townsend (until January 2010) (until October 2009) Javier Guzman Fiona Turnbull Graham Hillis WEI Liu Rachel Kerry Nick Wood (until August 2009) (from October 2009) Graham Lawrence Mark Woodward (until October 2009) (from January 2010) Richard Lindley Susan Xie (from February 2010) YAN Lijing Chris Maher Pallab Maulik (from April 2010)

_49 50_ FINANCIAL REPORT as wellinvestmentinnewprojects andotherinitiatives. The fi All $references are toAustralian Dollars. OCTOBER 2010 CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER Richard Fisher expansion ofglobalprograms. in research activities,furtherinvestmentinsurplusgeneratingactivitiesand The periodfollowingtheendoffi (being commitmentstoresearch andotherprojects). This was offset by $25.9M of liabilities and included $19.9M of ‘deferred income’ $6.8M ofliquidinvestmentsand$14.7Maccountsreceivable andotherassets. with netassetsof$5.3M.Total assetsof$31.2Mincluded$9.7Mcash, The fi Institute’s investmentportfolio. of $1.9Movertheprevious year, duemainlytothebetterperformanceof improvement an 2010, June 30 ended year the for recorded was $0.2M of surplus consolidated A ($1.3M). India and ($7.4M) China in subsidiaries our from contributions growing with but activity of focus main the be to continuing Australia with $48.3M, to 16.4% by year the during grew revenues Global nancialyear2009-10hasbeenaperiodofconsolidationexistingactivities nancialstrength oftheconsolidatedgroup continuestobesatisfactory, nancialyearhasseencontinuedgrowth Industry partnerships Government funding Income 2009-10 A range of funding from industry Australian Federal Government and partners supports our research New South Wales Government grants projects, providing direct and indirect support the Institute’s infrastructure support for investigator-led research and administration that identifi es new approaches to The Australian Federal, State and the prevention and treatment of Territory Governments across a range chronic disease and illness. of departments including Health, Industry partnerships also include Families, Housing and Community research programs contracted to Services, also provide support to a George Clinical for the provision of range of research projects undertaken research services and the management within the Institute. of clinical trials. Profi ts from this wholly-owned enterprise are then Trusts and foundations INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS AU$25.5M invested back in to the work of The PEER-REVIEWED AU$11.8M Funds are also sourced from Australian George Institute, and used to support GOVERNMENT FUNDING AU$5.3M foundations and research trusts, as TRUSTS AND FOUNDATIONS AU$2.6M current research projects and to pilot well as international organisations DONATIONS AND SPONSORSHIPS AU$0.6M innovative new projects. OTHER AU$1M such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Peer-reviewed funding Foundation in the USA. The Institute has been highly Donations and successful in securing both Australian sponsorships and non-Australian competitive peer-reviewed grants this year. Donations and philanthropic Applications go through a rigorous contributions have been received selection process, based on the quality from a small but important number and signifi cance of the initiative, and of individuals and companies. the track record of the researchers. The Additionally, sponsorship support process involves review by committees has been received from associations of other ‘peer’ scientists who work in such as the National Roads and the same area. Motoring Authority in Australia and for the support of activities Peer-reviewed funds are provided in such as our physiotherapy evidence Australia by the Federal Government database – PEDro – which is accessed through the National Health and Medical by practitioners globally. Profi ts Research Council (NHMRC) and Australia from our enterprise division cover Research Council (ARC). Peer-reviewed the Institute’s fundraising costs. As funds also come from health charities, such, all donations received by The such as the National Heart Foundation in George Institute go directly to research Australia, as well the National Institutes and training. of Health in the United States and the Wellcome Trust in the United Kingdom.

_51 52_ FINANCIAL REPORT Balance Sheet Balance OA QIY5,277,452 5,267,947 5,277,452 9,505 345,636 25,935,534 1,792,528 TOTAL EQUITY 345,636 Retained earnings Foreign currency translation reserve 19,933,206 EQUITY 25,589,898 3,864,164 NET ASSETS TOTAL LIABILITIES 31,212,986 TOTAL NON-CURRENTLIABILITIES 54,622 Provisions NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES TOTAL CURRENTLIABILITIES Provisions 1,805,144 6,784,351 Deferred Income 185,134 1,750,522 Trade andotherpayables CURRENT LIABILITIES 29,407,842 LIABILITIES TOTAL ASSETS 12,695,079 9,743,278 TOTAL NON-CURRENTASSETS Intangible assets Property, plantandequipment NON-CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL CURRENTASSETS Investments Other assets Trade andotherreceivables Cash andcashequivalents CURRENT ASSETS ASSETS 2010 $ Income byregion Expenses by region INDIA INDIA CHINA AUSTRALIA INDIA INDIA CHINA AUSTRALIA AU$1.2M AU$1.3M AU$7M AU$7.4M AU$40.3M AU$40.1M Income Statement

2010 $

Operating revenue 46,787,585 Other income 1,545,141 Employee benefi ts expense (18,967,691) Depreciation and amortisation expense (534,965) Other expenses (29,063,746) LOSS FOR THE YEAR (233,676) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Unrealised gain/(loss) on revaluation of fi nancial assets 1,046,408 Realised gain/(loss) on disposal of fi nancial assets (591,058)

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 221,674

Cash Flow Statement

2010 $

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Receipts of grants and contract revenue 40,967,643 Payments to suppliers and employees (45,493,172) Rental income 844,850 Dividends received 308,087 Interest received 142,278 NET CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES (3,230,314)

CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 12,000 Payment for property, plant and equipment (514,096) Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investments 5,638,827 Payment for available-for-sale investments (5,833,409) Payment for held-to-maturity investments 101,599 NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (595,079)

CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net increase in cash and cash equivalents held (3,825,393) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the fi nancial year 13,568,672

CASH AND CASH HELD EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE FINANCIAL YEAR 9,743,278

Notes for full fi nancial consolidated report are available. Contact The George Institute Director of Finance on +61 2 9657 0300 or [email protected] _53 54_ AUDIT REPORT Health (theentity),whichcomprisesthestatementoffi We haveauditedtheaccompanyingconsolidated andcompanyfi Entities Controlled and Health Global for Institute George The Of Members the to Auditor’s Report Independent K.S. Black&CoChartered Accountants PARTNER Stuart Cameron Australian AccountingInterpretations). year thenendedinaccordance withthe of TheGeorgeInstituteforGlobalHealthas30June2010,andtheir fi In ouropinion,theconsolidatedandcompanyfi AUDITOR’S OPINION date ofthisauditor’s report. the at as directors the to provided if terms same the in be would 2010, June 30 on Health Global for Institute George The confi We the of requirements independence the with complied have we audit, our conducting In INDEPENDENCE We believethattheauditevidencewehaveobtainedissuffi presentation ofthefi policies usedandthereasonableness ofaccountingestimatesmadebythedirectors, aswellevaluatingtheoverall on theeffectiveness oftheentity’s control. internal Anauditalsoincludesevaluatingtheappropriateness ofaccounting to designauditprocedures thatare appropriate inthecircumstances, butnotforthepurposeofexpressing anopinion controlconsiders internal relevant totheentity’s preparation andfairpresentation ofthefi misstatement ofthefi statements. Theprocedures selecteddependontheauditor’s judgment,includingtheassessmentofrisksmaterial An auditinvolvesperformingprocedures toobtainauditevidenceabouttheamountsanddisclosures inthefi fi requirements relating toauditengagementsandplanperformtheobtainreasonable assurancewhetherthe accordance withAustralianAuditing Standards. TheseAuditingStandards require thatwecomplywith relevant ethical Our responsibility istoexpress anopiniononthefi AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITY with AustralianAccountingStandards (includingtheAustralianAccountingInterpretations) andthe The directors ofthecompanyare responsible forthepreparation andfairpresentation ofthefi THE RESPONSIBILITYOFDIRECTORSFORFINANCIALSTATEMENTS a summaryofsignifi comprehensive income,statementofchangesinequity, andstatementofcashfl and applyingappropriate accountingpolicies;andmakingestimatesthatare reasonable inthecircumstances. presentation ofthefi This responsibility includes designing, implementing and maintaining internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair nancialstatementsare free from materialmisstatement. rm that the independence declaration required declaration independence the by that rm cantaccountingpoliciesandthedirectors’ declaration. nancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting nancialstatements. nancialstatements,whetherduetofraudorerror. Inmakingthoseriskassessments,theauditor Corporations Act2001 nancialstatementspresent atrueandfairviewofthefi nancialstatementsbasedonouraudit.We conducted ourauditin nancialpositionasat30June2010andthestatementof cientandappropriate toprovide abasisforourauditopinion. andtheAustralianAccountingStandards (including Corporations Act2001 nancialstatementsofTheGeorgeInstituteforGlobal nancialperformanceandcashfl owsfortheyearendedonthatdate, , provided to the directors of of directors the to , provided nancialstatementsinorder Corporations Act2001 nancial statements in accordance Corporations Act2001 nancialposition owsforthe nancial . . FUNDING SOURCES FUNDING

Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health Instituts de Formation en Pédicurie- Research Institute for Asia and the Pacifi c Allergan Australia Pty Ltd podologie, Ergothérapie et Masso- ResMed Australia Ltd kinésithérapie de Rennes American Physical Therapy Association Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Australia Intensive Care Foundation Amgen Australia Pty Ltd Sanofi -Aventis Australia Pty Ltd International Life Sciences Institute ANZICS Clinicals Trials Group Servier Laboratories Australia Australasia APTA Group Inc Singapore Physiotherapy Association Irish Society of Chartered Physiotherapists Arcadia University Stroke Society of Australasia Inc. James Cook University Associação Espanola de Fisioterapeutas Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Johnson & Johnson Australia Associação Portuguesa de Fisioterapeutas Suomen Fysioterapeutit-Finlands Julius Clinical Research BV Auckland Hospital New Zealand Fysioterapeuter Kidney Health Australia Australia – China Council Swedish Physiotherapy Association Koninklijk Nederlands Genootschap The Alliance of Girls Schools Australasia Australia – India Council voor Fysiotherapie The Council of Health Research Australian Commission on Safety and Laverty Pathology Quality in Health Care for Development Liverpool Hospital Australia Australian Food and Grocery Council The Endocrine Society McDonald’s Australia Australian Kidney Trial Network The F Matthias Alexander Trust Menzies School of Health Research Australian Physiotherapy Association The Heart Research Institute Merck Sharp & Dohme AUSTROADS Incorporated The Hong Kong College of Motor Accident Insurance Commission Anaesthesiologists Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation National Heart Foundation of Australia The Oxford Health Alliance Cambia National Stroke Research Institute The Royal Australian College of Cardinal Systems New Zealand Society of Physiotherapists General Practitioners Commonwealth Department of Families, Northern Territory Government, The Sax Institute Housing, Community Services & Department of Education Indigenous Affairs The University of Auckland, Auckland Northern Territory Government, Uniservices Ltd Commonwealth Department of Health Department of Lands & Planning and Ageing The University of Melbourne Northern Territory Government, Curtin University of Technology The University of New South Wales Department of Planning & Infrastructure Danske Fysioterapeuter The University of Oxford Novartis Deutscher Verband für Physiotherapie The University of Queensland NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust Diabetes Australia Research Trust The University of Sydney NSW Department of Industry & Investment Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre The Wellcome Trust NSW Food Authority Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Limited Transport Accident Commission NSW Motor Accidents Authority Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative Tufts Center for the Study of NSW Offi ce of Science and Medical Drug Development Edwards LifeSciences LLC Research UK Department of Health Eisai Global Clinical Development PeopleD Pty Ltd UNICEF Eli Lilly and Company Pfi zer Australia Pty Ltd Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht Elsevier Limited PharmaKonsulting Pty Ltd University of Cincinnati F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Physio Austria University of Oslo Foundation for High Blood Pressure Physioswiss Research Vancouver General Hospital Canada Physiotherapy Research Foundation Fresenius Medical Care Victorian Government Department Port Kembla Hospital of Transport, Vic Roads GlaxoSmithKline Australia Pty. Ltd PriceWaterhouseCoopers Wolters Kluwer Health Global Alliance for Vaccines and Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute Immunisation WorkSafe British Columbia Princess Alexandra Hospital Global Forum for Health Research World Health Organization Prognomix Inc Government of Canada Worldwide Clinical Trials UK Limited PsycBITE Guild Insurance Limited Yale School of Medicine Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Halfpennys Lawyers Rehabilitation Research Centre Hamilton Health Sciences Queensland Health Imperial College London Reed Business Information Pty Ltd Injury Prevention Network of Aotearoa

_55 The George Institute for Global Health

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