DOCSLIB.ORG

Pakistan Country Gender Assessment—Volume 1 of 2: Overall Gender Analysis About the Asian Development Bank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pakistan Country Gender Assessment—Volume 1 of 2: Overall Gender Analysis About the Asian Development Bank Pakistan Country Gender Assessment Volume 1 of 2: Overall Gender Analysis The situation of women in Pakistan has improved over the last 2 decades. Human capital investments resulted in narrowing gender disparities in health and education access, as well as economic and political participation. Still, wide gender gaps remain within the context of persistent poverty and gender-biased cultural norms. This publication gives a broad analysis of the women’s situation, describes the institutional efforts made toward closing gender gaps, and identifies enhancements to development programming assistance that could usher in gender equality. Pakistan Country Gender Assessment—Volume 1 of 2: Overall Gender Analysis Gender Analysis 2: Overall 1 of Country Gender Assessment—Volume Pakistan About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to a large share of the world’s poor. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. PAKISTAN COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT VOLUME 1 OF 2: OVERALL GENDER ANALYSIS ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK www.adb.org PAKISTAN COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT VOLUME 1 OF 2: OVERALL GENDER ANALYSIS ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-525-0 (Print), 978-92-9257-526-7 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168213-2 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Pakistan country gender assessment—Volume 1 of 2: Overall gender analysis. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Country gender assessment. 2. Pakistan. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Attribution—In acknowledging ADB as the source, please be sure to include all of the following information: Author. Year of publication. Title of the material. © Asian Development Bank [and/or Publisher]. URL. Available under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license. Translations—Any translations you create should carry the following disclaimer: Originally published by the Asian Development Bank in English under the title [title] © [Year of publication] Asian Development Bank. All rights reserved. The quality of this translation and its coherence with the original text is the sole responsibility of the [translator]. The English original of this work is the only official version. Adaptations—Any adaptations you create should carry the following disclaimer: This is an adaptation of an original Work © Asian Development Bank [Year]. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of ADB or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not endorse this work or guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Please contact [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at: http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda Printed on recycled paper Contents Tables, Figures, and Boxes v Acknowledgments vii Currency ix Abbreviations ix Glossary x Executive Summary xiii PART A: Introduction 1 I. Overview 3 A. Purpose and Objectives 3 B. Methodology 4 C. Contributions of Partners 6 D. Organization of Report 7 II. Country Background 9 A. Demographic Trends 9 B. Economic Trends 11 C. Political Developments 14 D. Opportunities and Challenges 16 PART B: Gender Indicators 19 III. Gender Indexes: A Comparative Perspective 21 A. Gender Gap Index 22 B. Other Gender Indexes 24 IV. Agency, Voice, and Participation 27 A. Introduction 28 B. Agency at the Household Level 28 C. Community Level 33 D. Civic and Political Participation 40 V. Gender Dimensions of Human Capital 42 A. Population, Health, and Nutrition 43 B. Education 46 C. Promoting Women’s Equality in Human Capital Outcomes 51 VI. Gender Dimensions of Economic Opportunity and Empowerment 53 A. Employment Statistics 54 B. Factors Associated with Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment 60 iii Contents PART C: Gender Equality Laws and Institutions 67 VII. Gender Equality Laws 69 A. International Conventions, Declarations, and Resolutions 69 B. National and Provincial Laws 70 C. Opportunities and Challenges 71 VIII. Gender Equality in Institutions 73 A. Executive Branch 74 B. Legislative Branch 76 C. Judicial Branch 79 D. Other Relevant Institutions 81 E. Emerging Opportunities and Challenges 83 PART D: Future Entry Points 85 IX. Entry Points for Development Assistance 87 A. Infrastructure 87 B. Public Services Sectors 88 C. Private Services Sectors 91 D. Knowledge Creation and Management 94 E. Development Partner Coordination 95 Appendixes 97 1 Persons Contacted 99 2 Laws Related to Family Formation and Dissolution, Pakistan 106 3 Registration and Turnout Rates for National Elections 2002, 2008, and 2013 107 4 Pakistan’s Millenium Development Goal Targets and Achievements 108 5 International Conventions, National and Domestic Laws Pertaining to Women in Pakistan 110 6 Women’s ‘Machinery’ of the Government of Pakistan 117 References 128 iv Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1 Social Institutions and Gender Index and Subindex Values, Pakistan and Select Countries, 2014 25 2 Women’s Economic Opportunity Index Score, Rank, and Subindex Rankings, Pakistan and Select Countries, 2010 26 3 Asset Ownership by Assets and Sex, 2011/12 32 4 Women Able to Leave Home by Purpose of Trip, 2011/12 33 5 Women as a Percentage of Registered Voters, 2006, 2008, and 2013 41 6 Distribution of Health Care Use by Sex and Type of Care, 2011–2012 46 7 Mass Media Use, by Media and Sex, 2011–2012 63 8 Rural and Urban Transport Ownership, 2012–2013 64 9 Women among Elected Legislators 1997, 2002, 2008, 2013 77 10 National and Provincial Legislative Committees, Women’s Rights 78 A6.1 Women in National and Provincial Legislatures, April 2014 117 A6.2 Women’s Legislative Caucuses 118 A6.3 National and Provincial Commissions on the Status of Women, Pakistan 120 A6.4 Provincial Executive Branch Institutions for Women’s Development and Empowerment Postdevolution 124 Figures 1 Structural Change of Pakistan’s Economy, 1995–2014 12 2 Poverty Headcount, Poverty Gap, and Stunting, 1986/87–2011/12 13 3 Gender Gap Index, Pakistan and Select Countries, 2007–2014 22 4 Indicators in the Gender Gap Index, Pakistan, 2008 and 2014 23 5 Gender Inequality Index, Pakistan and Select Countries, 2011 and 2014 24 6 Time Use by Sex and Location, 2007 30 7 Agreement of Ever-Married Women and Men with Justifications for Wife Beating by Rural or Urban Residence, 2012 36 8 Agreement of Ever-Married Women and Men with at Least One Reason for Wife Beating by Province, 2012 36 9 Gender-Based Violence by Type of Violence, 2008–2012 38 10 Gender-Based Violence by Type of Violence by Province and Total, 2012 39 11 Sex Ratios of Children Aged under 15 Years, Select Countries and the World, 1995–2013 43 12 Maternal Mortality Rate, 1990/91–2012/13 45 13 Female and Male Literacy Rates, 2001–2013 47 14 Gender Parity Index Trends, 1990/1–2012/13 48 15 Primary, Middle, and Secondary Gross Enrollment Rates and Net Enrollment Rates, Females and Males, 2011–2012 49 v Tables, Figures, and Boxes 16 Females as a Percentage of Total Enrollment by Educational Level by Province, 2012–2013 49 17 Language and Math Competencies,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Victim of Gender-Based Discrimination
    Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 141 Women In Pakistan: Victim Of Gender-based Discrimination Samina Saeed, Rubina Saeed & Muhammad Kamran Khan Department of Political Science University of Karachi Abstract This paper intends to discuss the gender-based discrimination faced by the women in Pakistan. It has substantially reduced their status in the society. Despite the fact that equal rights and safeguards have been assured by the Constitution, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and CEDAW, they remain insecure and marginalized. This paper also suggests measures and recommendations in order to overcome the hindrances faced by the women in achieving proper status and recognition in our society. ﺗﻠﺨيﺺ المقالہ Introduction Discrimination means inequality and injustice in the society. Unfortunately in Pakistani society, women are the victims of gender discrimination although Islam refuses to allow discrimination on the basis of sex, color, caste and creed.1 The Pakistan's Constitution Article 4 on Fundamental Rights clearly states that “There shall be no discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.”2 According to Pakistan Constitution Article 25, 27, 36 and 37, “All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law: There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex alone. No citizen otherwise qualified for appointment in the service of Pakistan shall be discriminated against in respect of any such appointment on the ground only of sex. Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation
    [Show full text]
  • Rana Riaz Saeed 1
    Socio-Economic, Political & Gender Situation of Tribal Areas’ Women in Sulaiman Mountain Range -PAKISTAN 1. INTRODUCTION Background In Pakistan, a majority of women live in a world structured around strict religious, family and tribal customs that essentially force them often to live in “C har Divari ,” 1 submission and overall fear. They are subject to discrimination and violence on a daily basis due to the cultural and tribal norms. Pakistani Islamic law (not the Islamic Law) dictates traditional family values and is enmeshed in the legal system. Men are the decision-makers, especially in family matters such as marriage and divorce. Pakistan’s government, law and society discriminate against women and condone gender- based violence. In compliance with CEDAW 2, neither Pakistan has removed discriminatory laws against women nor formulated new laws to protect them from violence and discrimination. Consequently, women rights in Pakistan are deteriorating progressively. Development Advocates and Lobbyists (DAL) 3 is a rights- based Pakistani non-governmental organisation (NGO) engaged in several activities including research oriented policy advocacy and lobbying to political awareness and women empowerment. It focuses mainly in rural but remote areas where social fabrics of the society have been damaged significantly and are yet to be enlightened with the modern concepts of development and practices. In order to realize the actual situation, i.e. socio-economic, political and gender-based issues that affect tribal women’s life, DAL commissioned a study in August 2005. The study was done in Sulaiman mountain range’s tribal areas spread over two districts namely DG Khan and Rajan Pur consisting of eight (8) Tumans in provincially administered tribal area (PATA) of the Punjab, a province of Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding and Addressing Child Marriage a Scoping Study of Available Academic and Programmatic Literature for the HER CHOICE Alliance
    Understanding and addressing child marriage A scoping study of available academic and programmatic literature for the HER CHOICE Alliance Katie Hodgkinson July 2016 Commissioned by the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research of the University of Amsterdam 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Definition of child marriage .......................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Defining the “child” in child marriage .................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 Defining marriage................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Child marriage, early marriage and forced marriage ............................................................. 8 1.3 Child marriage on the international Agenda ................................................................................ 8 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Women in Pakistan and to Present the Results in a Comprehensive Document
    DAUGHTERS OF EVE: Violenceagainst Womenin Pakistan by Muhammad Jehanzeb Noor Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of - MASSACHUSET'7S INSTIT TE Bachelor of Science OF TECHNOLOGY at the OCT 2 8 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology LIBRARIES :.0o-,IOLc, May, 2004 © 2004 Muhammad Jehanzeb Noor ARCHIVESi All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author...,...... ............... ............................ Department of Mechanical Engineering May 7,2004 CertifiedBy. ............. .............................. H/ ecca Blevins Faery Dirtor,First-Year Writing ,, a ./ ThesisSunervisor Acceptedby ...................................................................... ........... ...... Professor Ernest G. Cravalho Chairman, Undergraduate Thesis Commrnittee I To the memoryof ZubaidaHanif o Senia To Naia 2 Daughters of Eve: Violence avainst Women in Pakistan by Jehanzeb Noor Submitted to Department of Mechanical Engineering for the Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelors in Science in Mechanical Engineering Abstract The purpose of this study was to conduct extensive research on domestic violence against women in Pakistan and to present the results in a comprehensive document. Some of the issues investigated through fieldwork and covered here include the social and cultural reasons for violence against women, the ways in which the women are victimised, the extent of this violence and its implications for the victims and society at large. Emphasis was placed on the review of shortcoming of laws for protection of women. At the end, detailed recommendations were made for practical steps in which women can be given more legal protection, and society can be sensitised to the rights of women.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Information and Guidance Pakistan: Women Fearing Gender- Based Harm / Violence
    Country Information and Guidance Pakistan: Women fearing gender- based harm / violence Version 3.0 February 2016 Preface This document provides country of origin information (COI) and guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve the guidance and information we provide. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this document, please e-mail us.
    [Show full text]
  • International Men Gender Equality Survey-Pakistan
    Men and Women Ending Gender-Based Violence Results from the INTERNATIONAL MEN AND GENDER EQUALITY SURVEY-PAKISTAN (Pak-IMAGES) Disclaimer COPYRIGHT © Rutgers All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Rutgers. For information, address Rutgers Pakistan Program,Plot No 3A, Street No. 7, Ibn-e-Sina Road, Rabbani Market, G-10/2, Islamabad, Pakistan. [email protected] Results from the INTERNATIONAL MEN AND GENDER EQUALITY SURVEY- PAKISTAN (Pak-IMAGES) April 2018 he International Men and TGender Equality Survey- Pakistan (PAK-IMAGES) combines quantitative and qualitative data with a literature review on gender- based violence. The survey incorporates male and female participants, aged 18-49 from four provinces in Pakistan: Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh. This is the first formalized authenticated study which assesses men’s perception on a variety of topics pertaining to gender equality in Pakistan. About this study This countrywide study was coordinated by Rutgers, Rozan and the Federal Ministry of Human Rights, Government of Pakistan with the financial support of Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (via Prevention +) and the Norwegian Church Aid (NCA). The Population Council, Pakistan carried out the research as the technical partner on the study. Printing and dissemination of the study were done by Rutgers. About IMAGES The International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) is one of the most comprehensive household studies ever carried out on men’s and women’s attitudes and practices on a wide variety of topics related to gender equality.
    [Show full text]
  • Child, Early and Forced Marriage: a Multi- Country Study
    Child, Early and Forced Marriage: A Multi- Country Study A Submission to the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OCHCR) 15 December 2013 Women Living Under Muslim Laws December 2013 Copyright 2013 About WLUML Women Living Under Muslim Laws Women Living Under Muslim Laws Information contained in this report do not (WLUML) is an international solidarity necessarily represent the views and positions network that provides information, support of the compilers or of the network Women and a collective space for women whose Living Under Muslim Laws, unless stated. lives are shaped, conditioned or governed by Women’s groups may freely reproduce laws and customs said to derive from Islam. material, however we would appreciate acknowledgements For more than two decades WLUML has linked individual women and organisations. It now extends to more than 70 countries Acknowledgements ranging from South Africa to Uzbekistan, Senegal to Indonesia and Brazil to France. We would like to acknowledge those who have directly contributed to this initiative: Regional Coordination Offices in Senegal Rochelle Terman, as the principal researcher (Africa and Middle East) and Pakistan (Asia) and writer of this report; Rima Athar who and are responsible for coordinating network coordinated and compiled the contributions activities in their respective regions: of our key partners and wrote some of the sections; Edna Aquino, Strategic Adviser on Africa & Middle East Coordination Office Culturally-Justified Violence against Women Groupe de Recherche sur les Femmes et les and Mariem Omari, Deputy Coordinator of Lois au Senegal (GREFELS) the International Coordinating Office of WLUML for their invaluable guidance and PO BOX 5330, Dakar Fann, Dakar, Senegal comments on the various drafts; and most of Email: [email protected] and all, to the following national partners of [email protected] WLUML in its program on child/forced marriage for their country-specific Asia Coordination Office information and analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Marriage in South Asia: Realities, Responses and the Way Forward
    “Solidarity for the Children of SAARC” CHILD MARRIAGE IN SOUTH ASIA: REALITIES, RESPONSES AND THE WAY FORWARD TECHNICAL THEMATIC PAPER This paper has been prepared by the International Center for Research on Women for the UNFPA Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok by Tina Khanna, Ravi Verma and Ellen Weiss with technical guidance by Kiran Bhatia, Regional Gender Advisor UNFPA. Comments by SACG members particularly Plan Asia, The Center for Reproductive Rights and ILO are acknowledged. ************ CHILD MARRIAGE IN SOUTH ASIA: REALITIES, RESPONSES AND THE WAY FORWARD Introduction: Child marriage is a serious human rights crisis and one of the most pressing development concerns in the world today. Defined as marriage under the age of 18 (UN 2000), child marriage disproportionately and negatively affects girls who are more likely to be married as children than boys (Mathur et al 2003; UNICEF 2005; Save the Children 2004). Currently over 60 million girls and women are affected by child marriage globally (ICRW 2011). Child marriage is particularly pervasive across South Asia and Africa, where 50-70 percent of girls in some countries are married before the age of 18 (UNICEF, 2009). Child marriage, a form of early and forced alliance, is steeped in harmful traditional norms and practices passed across generations, which has a debilitating impact on the lives of girls, their families and society at large. It is a harmful practice that significantly undermines the best interests of the girl child. The occurrence of child marriage is greater in poorer families and those with lower levels of education, and is also high in fragile states hit by natural catastrophe and conflict (World Vision, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan. Country Overview — 3
    European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Country Overview August 2015 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Country Overview August 2015 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN 978-92-9243-510-3 doi:10.2847/991158 © European Asylum Support Office, 2015 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. EASO Country of Origin Information Report — Pakistan. Country Overview — 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the following national asylum and migration departments as the co-authors of this report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department Belgium, Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Cedoca (Centre for Documentation and Research) France, French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless persons (OFPRA), Information, Documentation and Research Division Hungary, Office of Immigration and Nationality, Documentation Centre UK, Home Office, Country Policy and Information Team The following departments reviewed this report: Ireland, Refugee Documentation Centre, Legal Aid Board Lithuania, Migration Department under Ministry of Internal Affairs, Asylum Affairs Division UNHCR has reviewed the report in relation to information for which UNHCR is quoted as the source, relating to persons of concern to UNHCR in Pakistan (refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons in Pakistan, as well as IDPs).
    [Show full text]
  • Jan-Jun: 2020) Practices of Domestic Violence… Practices of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: an Islamic Perspective *Zainab Sadiq **Dr
    Rahat-ul-Quloob / Vol.4, Issue.1 (Jan-Jun: 2020) Practices of Domestic Violence… Practices of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: An Islamic Perspective *Zainab Sadiq **Dr. Abu Sufyan Qazi Furqan Ahmad ABSTRACT: Violence against women is an important global phenomenon. In Pakistan like other developing countries, women particularly become target of domestic violence. Frequent media reports of violence perpetrated against Pakistani women creates an image of the country as a dangerous place for women to live in. Even though Islam is the official religion of the country, its provisions of justice and equality to protect Muslim women from the domestic tyranny remain ineffective. The prime reason behind this prevalence of violence in the country is the influence of patriarchal norms over the domestic and socio-legal structure of the Pakistani society. Consequently, patriarchal abusive power and control over the lives of women result in the prevalence of varied practices and forms of female domestic violence in the country. However, majority of these victims live in the rural areas of the country where lack of education and resources facilitates the rule of oppre-ssive patriarchal norms and values remotely distant from the teachings of Islam. Among the most popular forms of domestic violence practiced there, honour killing and Vani/ Swara are on the higher scale faced by the females. Honour killing is a form of murder which is committed in order to restore the lost dignity of the aggrieved family. Whereas, Vani/Sarawa is a kind of forced marriage where a female member of the accused family is given to the victim party in order to settle the disputes.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Decision-Making: a Family Affair
    Khaula Jamil/Oxfam Novib Jamil/Oxfam Khaula © MARRIAGE DECISION-MAKING: A FAMILY AFFAIR INSIGHT INTO MARRIAGE DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES AND SOCIAL NORMS AROUND CHILD MARRIAGE IN LARKANA AND SHIPARPUR IN SINDH AND LODHRAN AND MUZAFFARGARH IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Saskia van Veen (PhD), Impact Measurement and Knowledge Specialist, Oxfam Novib Ronald van Moorten, Researcher, Gender and Youth team, Oxfam Novib Wasim Durani, Project Manager – Marriage, No Child’s Play, Oxfam in Pakistan JUNE 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 4 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Research objective ....................................................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Vignette research .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 A participatory approach from design to analysis ..................................................... 7 2.2.1 Scan to get insights from earlier research in the programme ........................................................ 7 2.2.2 Research design workshop and enumerator training in Pakistan ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper No.5 - Pakistan: the Economic and Social Impact of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) March, 2017
    Authors: Ballantine, C., Sabir, M., Ghaus, K. and Duvvury, N. Working Paper No.5 - Pakistan: The Economic and Social Impact of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) March, 2017 1 Introduction Among the many challenges which Pakistan faces to forge a sustainable development path, Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) receives relatively little attention. While the problem is recognised as an abuse of human rights and a public health challenge, the threat that it poses to Pakistani society and economic development has not been fully described or quantified. Pakistan confronts a challenging internal and external environment, with particular threats from climate change, global financial and energy crises, and terrorism and extremism; as well as serious deficiencies in education, health, gender equity and social services (Ministry of Planning 2014: 3). This Working Paper provides the background for a project aiming to illustrate the invisible drag that VAWG places at every level of the Pakistani economy and society: on families, communities, businesses, institutions, and on the country as a whole. This paper serves as an introduction to the impacts of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) in Pakistan. What Works Component Three is a three year multi-country project that estimates the costs of VAWG, both social and economic, to individuals and households, businesses and communities, and states. It breaks new ground in understanding the impact of VAWG on community cohesion, economic stability and development, and will provide further evidence for governments and the international community to address violence against women and girls globally. While it is widely recognised that VAWG constitutes a significant human rights and public health emergency, there is less detailed understanding of the multiple ways in which violence affects and holds back social and economic development.
    [Show full text]