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Submitted : March 2 nd , 2020 – Accepted : July 15 th , 2020 – Posted online : July 22 th , 2020 To link and cite this article: doi: 10.5710/AMGH.15.07.2020.3345 1 EARLY-MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN GRAPTOLITES FROM THE ARGENTINE 2 PUNA: QUANTITATIVE PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS BASED ON 3 A SYSTEMATIC REVISION 4 1 1 5 GERARDO A. LO VALVO , NEXXYS C. HERRERA SÁNCHEZ , AND BLANCA 1 6 A. TORO 7 1 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Universidad 8 Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Consejo 9 Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez 10 Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected]; 11 [email protected]; [email protected] 12 13 58 pages; 5 figures 14 15 Running Header: LO VALVO ET AL.: ORDOVICIAN GRAPTOLITES FROM THE 16 ARGENTINE PUNA. 17 Short Description: Quantitative paleobiogeographic analysis based on the updated 18 taxonomic revision of the Early–Middle Ordovician graptolites from the eastern Puna, 19 Argentina. 20 21 Corresponding author: GERARDO A. LO VALVO [email protected] 1 22 23 Abstract. The updated taxonomic revision of the Early–Middle Ordovician 24 graptolites from the eastern Argentine Puna allows describing Sigmagraptus 25 praecursor, Baltograptus extremus, B. geometricus, B. vacillans, Cymatograptus 26 protobalticus, Expansograptus constrictus, E. pusillus, E. similis, and 27 Corymbograptus v-fractus tullbergi for the first time in this region. The analyzed 28 material was collected from the volcano-sedimentary deposits assigned to the 29 Cochinoca-Escaya Magmatic-Sedimentary Complex and exposed at the Muñayoc and 30 Santa Rosa sections, Jujuy Province. This taxonomic analysis confirms the occurrence 31 of 23 taxa in the studied region, from which S. praecursor, B. extremus, and E. 32 pusillus were not previously documented in South America. Additionally, it 33 contributes to the clarification of the faunal graptolite affinities earlier postulated for 34 Northwestern Argentina. Quantitative paleobiogeographic analyses of clusters and 35 principal coordinate were carried out, including the described species and previous 36 certain graptolite assignations for the Puna region, to quantify its faunal affinities with 37 Baltoscandia, Great Britain, North America, and Southwestern China. Finally, our 38 results are discussed and compared with those formerly obtained in 39 paleobiogeographic analyses based on different fossil groups from Northwestern 40 Argentina. 41 Keywords. Floian. Dapingian. Graptolites. Northwestern Argentina. Taxonomy. 42 Paleobiogeography. 43 Resumen. GRAPTOLITOS DEL ORDOVÍCICO TEMPRANO–MEDIO DE LA 44 PUNA ARGENTINA: ANÁLISIS PALEOBIOGEOGRÁFICO CUANTITATIVO 45 BASADO EN UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA. La revisión taxonómica actualizada 46 de los graptolitos del Ordovícico Temprano–Medio de la Puna Oriental de Argentina 2 47 permite describir por primera vez para esta región las especies: Sigmagraptus 48 praecursor, Baltograptus extremus, B. geometricus, B. vacillans, Cymatograptus 49 protobalticus, Expansograptus constrictus, E. pusillus, E. similis y Corymbograptus 50 v-fractus tullbergi. El material analizado fue coleccionado de depósitos asignados al 51 Complejo Magmático-Sedimentario Cochinoca-Escaya, expuesto en las secciones de 52 Muñayoc y Santa Rosa, en la Provincia de Jujuy. Este estudio taxonómico confirma la 53 presencia de 23 especies en la región estudiada, de las cuales S. praecursor, B. 54 extremus y E. pusillus no habían sido mencionadas previamente para América del Sur, 55 y contribuye a clarificar las afinidades faunísticas anteriormente sugeridas para los 56 graptolitos del Noroeste argentino. Se presentan además, los análisis 57 paleobiogeográficos cuantitativos de agrupamiento y de coordenadas principales, que 58 incluyen las especies descriptas en este trabajo y otras asignaciones seguras realizadas 59 previamente para la Puna, a fin de cuantificar sus afinidades faunísticas con 60 Baltoescandinavia, Gran Bretaña, América del Norte y el Suroeste de China. Por 61 último, se discuten y comparan nuestros resultados con aquellos análisis 62 paleobiogeográficos previos, obtenidos a partir de distintos grupos de fósiles del 63 Noroeste argentino. 64 Palabras clave. Floiano. Dapingiano. Muñayoc. Graptolitos. Noroeste argentino. 65 Taxonomía. Paleobiogeografía. 3 66 67 THE STUDY OF EARLY–MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN GRAPTOLITES from the Central Andean 68 Basin has been mainly focused on records from Argentina and Bolivia. It was a 69 valuable tool to develop and refine the biostratigraphic framework for the Cordillera 70 Oriental (Toro, 1997; Egenhoff et al., 2004; Toro & Vento, 2013; Toro et al., 2015; 71 Albanesi & Ortega, 2016; Toro & Herrera Sánchez, 2019; Herrera Sánchez et al., 72 2019; and references therein). Conversely, biostratigraphic analyses based on 73 graptolites from the northern part of the Central Andean Basin are scarcer. However, 74 although Gutiérrez-Marco et al. (2019) recently presented new advances regarding the 75 Early Ordovician graptolites from Peru (Fig. 1.1). 76 A new bibliometric analysis involving graptolites from Northwestern 77 Argentina (NOA) shows that 84.1% of the published papers comprise records from 78 the Cordillera Oriental. In contrast, only around 20% of them include fossils from the 79 Argentine Puna (Lo Valvo et al., 2019). The authors also observed that most of the 80 publications focused on biostratigraphy (87.5%) and taxonomy (31.8%) while other 81 aspects, such as paleoecology (1.1%), phylogeny (1.1%), and paleobiogeography 82 (6.8%) are underdeveloped. 83 Since the first findings of graptolites near of the Tafna-Toquero road, in the 84 northernmost eastern Argentine Puna (Loss, 1948), around thirty taxa have been 85 mentioned in this region by different authors. However, no significant taxonomic or 86 biostratigraphic revisions of the graptolites faunas from this area had been achieved 87 after the contributions of Toro & Brussa (2003) and Brussa et al. (2008), respectively, 88 mainly due to the high elevations, difficult access, and tectonic deformation of the 89 stratigraphic sections. 4 90 Loss (1948, 1949) assigned graptolites from the Tafna area to the Early 91 Ordovician and recognized Aulograptus climacograptoides (Bulman, 1931) in the 92 deposits located to the west of this area. Later, Gutiérrez-Marco et al. (1996) reviewed 93 several early Darriwilian taxa associated with the mentioned species, which were 94 previously assigned to an older age by Aceñolaza (1980). After that, Toro & Brussa 95 (1997) and Toro & Lo Valvo (2017) confirmed the presence of equivalent deposits 96 with Levisograptus cf. L. austrodentatus in the area, and Toro & Brussa (2000) 97 recognized Expansograptus suecicus (Tullberg, 1880), Acrograptus filiformis 98 (Tullberg, 1880), Expansograptus holmi (Törnquist, 1901), and Tetragraptus 99 reclinatus Elles & Wood, 1901 in the Tafna section, establishing that early Floian 100 deposits are also present in this area. 101 Additionally, Bahlburg et al. (1990) analyzed the graptolite associations from 102 the northern and central parts of the ‘Cordón de Escaya’ section and the south of the 103 ‘Sierra de Cochinoca/Cerro Queta’ section, and assigned them from the Early to Late 104 Ordovician ages, respectively. Later, Martínez et al. (1999) recognized eighteen taxa 105 in the Muñayoc area (Fig. 1.2), standing out the presence of Baltograptus minutus 106 (Törnquist, 1879), Didymograptellus bifidus (J. Hall, 1865), and Azygograptus 107 lapworthi Nicholson, 1875 (sensu Toro & Herrera Sánchez, 2019), and emphasizing 108 that this section constitutes the most continuous succession of the eastern Puna. 109 Farther east, in the Santa Rosa section (Fig. 1.2), the graptolite association described 110 by Toro et al. (2006) allowed correlating the bearer deposits with those from the 111 Muñayoc area. 112 From the paleobiogeographic point of view, pioneer discussions by Turner 113 (1960) suggested that an Andean Sub-province was developed in South America, as 114 part of the ‘Atlantic Graptolite Province’ during the Ordovician. This study was based 5 115 on records from the Famatina Range and NOA, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and 116 Colombia, but graptolite collections from the Argentine Precordillera (La Rioja, San 117 Juan, and Mendoza Province) were also included because its allochthonous origin was 118 unknown at that time. Different provenances of the Ordovician graptolites from the 119 Precordillera and the Central Andean Basin can explain most of the mixture affinities 120 analyzed by Turner (1960), and they were later discussed by Maletz & Ortega (1995). 121 Since Toro (1993) highlighted the occurrence of Cymatograptus balticus (Tullberg, 122 1880) and Acrograptus filiformis in the Floian deposits of the Argentine Cordillera 123 Oriental, closer paleobiogeographic relations with Baltoscandia were successively 124 documented. Toro (1994b, 1996) quantified for the first time the faunal affinities of 125 the Early Ordovician graptolites from the NOA, based on the records from the 126 Cordillera Oriental and the main results show faunal affinities with Baltoscandia and 127 SW China in the early–middle Floian interval, while the scarce paleobiogeographic 128 studies that include graptolites from the Puna region were quantitatively analyzed by 129 Vento et al. (2012, 2014) and Toro et al. (2014), based on the presence of 130 Tremadocian and Floian species. 131 This work aims to contribute to the
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