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Ordovician of the World PUBLICACIONES DEL INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA Serie: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO, Nº 14 ORDOVICIAN OF THE WORLD ORDOVICIAN ORDOVICIAN OF THE WORLD Editors: Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco Isabel Rábano Diego García-Bellido MINISTERIO MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN E INNOVACIÓN ORDOVICIAN OF THE WORLD Edited by Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco, Isabel Rábano and Diego García-Bellido Instituto Geológico y Minero de España Madrid, 2011 Series: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO, NO. 14 International Symposium on the Ordovician System (11. 2011. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid) Ordovician of the World: 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Alcalá de Henares, Spain, May 9-13, 2011 / J.C. Gutiérrez-Marco, I. Rábano, D. García-Bellido, eds.- Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 2011. 682 pgs; ils; 24cm .- (Cuadernos del Museo Geominero; 14) ISBN 978-84-7840-857-3 1. Ordovícico 2. Mundo 3. Congreso. I. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, ed. II. Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., ed. III. Rábano, I., ed. IV. García-Bellido, D., ed. 551.733(100) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher. References to this volume It is suggested that either of the following alternatives should be used for future bibliographic references to the whole or part of this volume: Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Rábano, I. and García-Bellido, D. (eds.) 2011. Ordovician of the World. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, xvi+682 pp. Harper, D.A.T. 2011. A sixth decade of the Ordovician Period: status of the research infrastructure of a geological sys- tem. In: Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Rábano, I. and García-Bellido, D. (eds.), Ordovician of the World. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, 3-9. Cover images (photos by J.C. Gutiérrez-Marco except lower middle –L. Carcavilla– and lower right –N. Sennikov–) Upper left: outcrops of the Late Ordovician glaciomarine Melaz Shuqran Fm, overlying Cambrian sandstones (Tihemboka Arch, Sahara desert, SW Libya). Upper right: giant traces (> 11 m long) of marine worms in Early Ordovician quartzites from the Cabañeros National Park (central Spain), which serve as logo for the symposium. Middle left: outcrops of the Late Ordovician Calapuja Fm (foreground mountains) in the Peruvian Altiplano, more than 4,500 m high. Middle right: Global Stratotype Section at Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician series and of Dapingian stage, Huanghuachang section, Hubei province (South China). Lower left: Early Ordovician shales (San José Formation) at the Inambari river, Amazonian basin (Eastern Peru). Lower middle: A view of the Mount Everest (Tibet), whose summit (8,848 m) is formed by the Early-Middle Ordovician limestones of the Qomolangma Fm. Lower right: Middle Ordovician dolomitic marls and mudstones of the Middle Guragir Fm at the key Kulyumbe river section (north- western part of the Siberian Platform, Russia). © INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA C/ Ríos Rosas, 23. 28003 Madrid Tel.: +34 91 349 5700, Fax: +34 91 442 6216 www.igme.es NIPO 474-11-008-4 ISBN 978-84-7840-857-3 Depósito Legal: 17559-2011 Fotocomposición: Inforama, S.A. Príncipe de Vergara, 210. 28002 MADRID Imprime: A.G.S. c/ Bell, 3. 28960 GETAFE (Madrid) This book is dedicated to our mentors Wolfgang Hammann (Germany, 1942-2002) and Michel Robardet (France, 1939), who dedicated an important part of their lives to the Geology and Paleontology of the Ordovician of Spain Both bestowed upon us their passion for the rocks and fossils of this period, and showed us how to study them with a modern vision and an open mind 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System Organizing Committee Chairman JUAN CARLOS GUTIÉRREZ-MARCO, Spanish Research Council, Madrid, Spain Executive Secretary ISABEL RÁBANO, Geological Survey of Spain and SEDPGYM, Madrid, Spain Members AMELIA CALONGE, University of Alcalá, Spain DIEGO GARCÍA-BELLIDO, Spanish Research Council, Madrid, Spain ANDREA JIMÉNEZ-SÁNCHEZ, University of Zaragoza, Spain LUIS MANSILLA PLAZA, University of Castilla-La Mancha and SEDPGYM, Almadén, Spain JOSÉ M. PIÇARRA, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Beja, Portugal ARTUR A. SÁ, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ENRIQUE VILLAS, University of Zaragoza, Spain Scientific Committee • F. G ILBERTO ACEÑOLAZA, Institute of Geological Correlation CONICET-UNT, Tucumán, Argentina • RICARDO ARENAS MARTÍN, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain • CHEN XU, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ChAS, Nanjing, P.R. China • VICTOR S. CARLOTTO CAILLAUX, INGEMMET, Lima, Peru • ROGER A. COOPER, GNS Science, Avalon, New Zealand • ANDREY V. D RONOV, Geological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia • OLDRˇICH FATKA, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic • STANLEY C. FINNEY, University of California, Long Beach, USA • JEAN-FRANÇOIS GHIENNE, Strasbourg Institute of Physics of the Globe, Univ.-CNRS, France • MANSOUREH GHOBADI POUR, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran • GABRIEL GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, University of Salamanca, Spain • DAVID A.T. HARPER, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark • OLLE HINTS, Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia • BERTRAND LEFEBVRE, Lyon 1 University, France • STEPHEN A. LESLIE, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA • LI JUN, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ChAS, Nanjing, P.R. China • MICHAL MERGL, University of West Bohemia, Plzenˇ, Czech Republic • CHARLES E. MITCHELL, University of New York State, Buffalo, USA • ALAN W. OWEN, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK • IAN G. PERCIVAL, Geological Survey of New South Wales, Londonderry, Australia • NIKOLAY V. S ENNIKOV, Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia • THOMAS SERVAIS, Lille 1 University & UMR 8157 CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France • THIJS VANDENBROUCKE, Lille 1 University & FRE 3298 CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France • ZHANG YUANDONG, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ChAS, Nanjing, P.R. China v Institutional support • International Subcommission on Ordovician Stratigraphy (ICS-IUGS) • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) Project: CGL2010-12419-E • Instituto Geológico y Minero de España IGME (Geological Survey of Spain) • Sociedad Española para la Defensa del Patrimonio Geológico y Minero SEDPGYM (Spanish Society for the Preservation of the Geological and Mining Heritage) • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IGEO-CSIC (Spanish Research Council) • Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia LNEG (National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, formerly Portuguese Geological Survey), Portugal • Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (Spain) • Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha – EIMIA, Almadén (Spain) • Universidad de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real (Portugal) • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) • Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) • Instituto de Estudios Manchegos (Spain) • City Council of Alcalá de Henares – OMCA (Spain) • Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (Portugal) Corporate sponsors • Repsol • Cepsa • Gas Natural Fenosa • Trofagas • Star Petroleum • SP Mining PTE • Pizarras Villar del Rey • Herederos del Marqués de Riscal Support for field trips • City Council of Arouca (Portugal) • City Council of Lousã (Portugal) • City Council of Mação (Portugal) • City Council of Penacova (Portugal) • City Council of Valongo (Portugal) • Arouca European and Global Geopark (Portugal) • Centro de Interpretação Geológica de Canelas (Portugal) • Museu de Arte Pré-Histórica e do Sagrado do Vale do Tejo, Mação (Portugal) • Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales – Cabañeros National Park (Spanish Ministry of Environment) • Casa Rural Boquerón de Estena, Navas de Estena (Spain) • Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, S.A. (Spain) • Caves de Murça – Adega Cooperativa de Murça (Portugal) • Sumol+Compal (Portugal) vi PREFACE Among all the geological periods of the Earth’s history, the Ordovician displays some of the most striking peculiarities, starting with an almost unique paleogeography, warm climates, high sea levels, the largest tropical shelf area of the Phanerozoic, kilometer-sized asteroid impacts, one of the two most significant bio diversification events on the planet, and the first of the “Big Five” mass extinctions, this one linked to a dramatic sea-level fall caused by the end- Ordovician glaciation. The Iberian Peninsula comprises the most extensive outcrops of Ordovician rocks in Europe. They are mainly situated within the Iberian Massif and in its eastern extension in the Iberian Cordillera, as part of the Variscan Belt, and also in the Palaeozoic massifs of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges, the Pyrenees and the Betic Cordilleras, which have later been involved in the Alpine tectonic evolution. The celebration of an Ordovician meeting in Spain brings the opportunity to experience first hand the particular rocks and fossils representative of a special high-paleolatitudinal domain related to the southern polar margin of Gondwana, mainly represented by siliciclastic facies and with an interesting tectono- magmatic activity mostly linked with the opening of the Rheic ocean. The present book, Ordovician of the World, is the proceedings
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