How to Successfully Tackle the Challenge of Range Anxiety in Electric Vehicles and Conquer the Mass Market

THE DAWN OF EPOWER How to successfully tackle the challenge of range anxiety in electric vehicles and conquer the mass market. Contents Intro. ............................................................ 3 Automotive integration... .. 13 The challenge. ��14 The range anxiety Electric vehicle range calculation. ..............14 challenge. ............................................01 Real-time data integration. ............................15 Car data..............................................................15 Range and charging anxiety – Live traffic. ........................................................15 range drop. ............................................... 02 Charging points. ...............................................15 Weather. .............................................................15 The problem. ........................................... 04 Real-time driver behaviour and style evaluation. .........................................................15 The solution. ........................................... 04 The solution. ............................................15 Driving style. ....................................................04 Electric vehicle range calculation. ..............16 Traffic. ��05 Basic prediction model. ..................................16 Road topology (elevation). ...........................05 Advanced prediction model. .........................17 Weather. ............................................................05 Real-time data integration. ............................17 Car data..............................................................17 Charging anxiety. ..................... 07 Live traffic. ........................................................17 Charging points. ...............................................17 The problem. ........................................... 07 Weather. .............................................................18 Real-time driver behaviour and style Charging modes. ............................................. 07 evaluation (driver scoring). ...........................18 Charging speed. ..............................................08 Provider registration and price. ..................08 Outro. ........................................................19 The solution. ........................................... 09 Charging service provider integration. ......10 Vehicle data integration. ................................10 Driver scoring: Detection of events and coaching. ...........................................................11 “The stone age did not end because the world ran out of stones, and the oil age will not end because we run out of oil” — Ahmed Zaki Yamani, former oil minister of Saudi Arabia 3 Petr Fuzek Vice President Intro eMobility at Sygic linkedin.com/in/petrfuzek For more than ten years, the future of different plugs from model to model, and rely electromobility seemed like a distant prospect on a network of charging stations that is still thanks to the high prices of eCars, their low developing. All these factors lead drivers range, and the near-absence of charging to doubt the range and ease of charging of infrastructure or battery research. eCars, and may be inhibiting demand. Today, we can confidently say that in Infotainment systems seem not to be part of upcoming decades this industry will change the technological revolution. the automotive world as we know it. The With some exceptions, most of today’s question is no longer if, but when and how. electric cars use the same or only slightly The public and governments alike are modified software as internal combustion campaigning to lower carbon emissions, engine cars. This includes navigation and while individual countries are addressing advanced telemetry, which is a crucial part of their dependence on fossil fuels, and the solution for tackling range and charging technological progress is resulting in anxiety. electric vehicles that offer greater range at In this white paper we will discuss a lower prices. modular, easy-to-integrate smart driving In spite of all the efforts, the global market assistant developed specifically for electric share of e cars is still just two percent. vehicles. It consists of navigation based on individual car profiles and state-of-the-art Technological progress is mostly focused eRouting, live traffic information and offline on improving batteries, charging capacity maps, charging-service providers and and speed, or on the affordability of electric payments integration, and telemetry that vehicles. But car makers are for the most provides guidance for eDrivers. part ignoring an equally important aspect – the anxiety that most drivers experience at This solution is lightweight and flexible the prospect of switching from enough to be part of each car’s built-in internal combustion engines. systems, providing drivers with confidence about their range and charging, thereby Electric vehicles and batteries behave easing their transition from internal differently in traffic jams, on highways, in cold combustion engine vehicles to electric or hot weather, cannot be instantly 4 vehicles. refuelled, have The range anxiety challenge It is 1884. One sunny afternoon, a vehicle pulls Today, more than a century later, we are at the out of a garage in London. It silently crosses beginning of a similar revolution. Except that the street and disappears into the busy (mostly fossil fuel propulsion is the technology on the horse-drawn) traffic. More than twenty verge of extinction. years before Ford’s Model T, engineer and Before that happens, however, several inventor Thomas Parker had introduced challenges need to be addressed to the first practical production electric car, encourage generations of drivers used to powered by high-capacity rechargeable internal combustion engines to switch to batteries. vehicles powered by batteries. At that time, if you saw a car, it was most likely electric. Later, electric vehicles were priced out of the market by much cheaper vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. 01 These challenges include: • Compatibility of the peak performance • The different behaviour of electric motors capability of the vehicle and the charging compared to internal combustion engines station • Calculating actual driving range All of these challenges form a complex • Real-time integration of vehicle data problem for electric vehicles that we call • Driver behaviour telemetry range and charging anxiety. • Factors negatively affecting driving range (e.g. weather, battery age, climate, air-con- ditioning usage) • An undersized network of charging points Range and charging • Variation between charging point providers anxiety – range drop and specific conditions of use • Cross-border travel using an international Despite the 64 percent growth in the number roaming solution of electric vehicles worldwide in 2018, internal • Various charging modes (AC, DC) and con- combustion engine cars still make up 97.8 nector types used in the charging points per-cent of global sales. The automotive (Chademo, Combined Charging Standard - industry is struggling to take the next step, CCS) from innovators to mass acceptance. • Variable charging speeds for each charging point, depending on the available electric voltage (230 V – 920 V) and maximum performance of the charging stations (from 2.5 kW up to 350 kW) 02 According to the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, there are five adopter categories: innova-tors, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Currently, almost all European markets are stuck in the innovator phase of 2.5 percent of total car stock. The only country which has taken the next step and achieved early adopter stage, with a share exceeding seven percent, is Norway. Europe new battery electric and hybrid vehicle registrations 2019 108,629 79,640 72,584 66,630 61,356 40,399 24,261 17,766 17,065 14,010 9,409 2,869 DEU NOR GBR NLD FRA SWE ESP BEL ITA CHE DNK HUN 03 Along with the higher price, the top reason why The solution most drivers are still sceptical is, according Navigation with predictive eRoute planning to a Frost & Sullivan survey commissioned by actively uses real-time information, taking into Nissan in Asia, the fear of running out of consideration several variables: power – i. e. range anxiety. • Weather (current, forecast) Most of this anxiety can be resolved by • Road topology (elevation) providing the driver with comprehensive and • Traffic transparent information regarding their • Driving style available driving range, the compatibility and • Historical data availability of charging points, and by tailoring • Charging speed each route to a specific electric vehicle (see Chapter 2, Charging Anxiety) while taking into account driving style, • Driver behaviour elevation and weather. (see Chapter 2, Charging Anxiety) An eDriver navigation companion app can address most of these issues. It provides Driving style users with range confidence on long trips, Internal combustion engines are most gives them an overview of compatible fuel-efficient at higher speeds – up to 90 charging stations, and actively helps their kilometres per hour (55 mph). Electric motors eDriving style by means of real-time feedback. achieve the best results at speeds lower than 70 kilometres per hour (40 mph). From the routing perspective, this means that if The problem a driver navigates from point A to point B with an higher

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