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2 Chronicles 1-9

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2 Chronicles 1-9 1 SECOND CHRONICLES How to Navigate this eBook: On the second page you will see an outline of this Commentary. Please identify the section you wish to read, and then use your reader’s Search/Find feature to navigate to it. Introduction: J. Sidlow Baxter, in EXPLORE THE BOOK, states about Second Chronicles: “As to the unifying idea or emphasis, all who have studied and written on these two book of the Chronicles are unanimous in observing the prominence given to the temple and matters connected with it.” Quoting one of his sources, Baxter writes: “While much contained in the Books of Kings is repeated or restated in the Chronicles, much is omitted because foreign to the author’s purpose. But whatever bears on the temple, its preservation and restoration, the purity of its worship, the regularity and orderliness of its services; whatever makes idolatrous rites or relics hateful, or lifts God to His true throne in the hearts of the people, is here emphasized.” The Pulpit Commentary introduces Second Chronicles with the following: “The Second Book of Chronicles is occupied with the reign, works, and career of Solomon, and with the history of the separate kingdom of Judah, omitting altogether the connected history of that of Israel. It goes down to the memorable proclamation of Cyrus, which authorized the return of the captives and sanctioned the rebuilding of the temple. This book embraces the third and fourth divisions of the whole work, once entitled in its unity Chronicles, according to the very obvious fourfold arrangement of it, observed by so many expositors of this historical portion of the Old Testament. The third division, occupied with the reign of Solomon, fills 2 Chronicles 1-9. And the fourth division, occupied with the history of the successive reigns of the separate kingdom of Judah, fills 2 Chronicles 10- 36:21.” Finally, the more modern Contemporary English Version states, by way of introduction: “Second Chronicles continues the history of Israel that was begun in 1 Chronicles. This book repeats information and many stories that are in 1 and 2 Kings, but from a slightly different viewpoint. The book of 2 Chronicles begins with the rule of King Solomon, then tells the history of the two separate kingdoms of Judah and Israel down to the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. King Solomon is honored as the ideal king of Israel. The first part of 2 Chronicles (1-9) includes events from his rule, especially the building and dedication of the temple in Jerusalem and the beginning of worship there. The second part of the book (10-36) begins with the rebellion of the northern tribes of Israel and the division of the country into two separate kingdoms, Judah in the south and Israel in the north. This part of 2 Chronicles is the history of Judah down to the time of Jerusalem’s fall and destruction. Unlike 2 Kings, the book of 2 Chronicles includes very little information about the northern kingdom. According to 2 Chronicles, the people of Israel were sinful and turned their backs on the LORD, and so their history did not deserve to be told. Second Chronicles, like 1 Chronicles, is very concerned that the LORD be worshiped in the proper way. Hezekiah and Josiah are two of the most respected kings in Judah, because they were always faithful to the LORD and did many things to see that he was properly worshiped and that his Law was obeyed. Commentary to Second Chronicles – © John Schultz 2 This book tells how Jerusalem was destroyed and the people of Judah were led away as prisoners to Babylonia. But the book concludes with hope for the Jews. King Cyrus of Persia lets them return to Judah, and he promises: The LORD God will watch over any of his people who want to go back to Judah. (36:23b).” Title of the book: In the Hebrew Bible First and Second Chronicles and were presented as a single book. The Hebrew title for both books was diverê ha-yāmîn, “the words of the days.” Characteristics of 2 Chronicles: The Pictorial Bible Dictionary writes about the Chronicles: “Chronicles contains no statement about its own authorship or date. The last event it records is the decree of Cyrus in 538 B.C., which permitted the Jews to return from their Babylonian captivity (II Chron. 36:22); and its genealogies extend to approximately 500 B.C., as far, that is, as to Pelatiah and Jeshaiah (I Chron. 3:21), two grandsons of Zerubbabel, the prince who led in the return from exile. The language, however, and the contents of Chronicles closely parallel that of the book of Ezra, which continues the history of the Jews from the decree of Cyrus down to 457 B.C. Both documents are marked by lists and genealogies, by an interest in priestly ritual, and by devotion to the law of Moses. The closing verses, moreover, of Chronicles (II 36:22-23) are repeated as the opening verses of Ezra (1:1-3a). Ancient Hebrew tradition and the modern scholarship … therefore unite in suggesting that Ezra may have been the author of both volumes. His complete work would then have been finished some time around 450 B.C.” The first nine chapters cover the life and reign of King Solomon, ending with his death, stating: “Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. Then he rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of David his father. And Rehoboam his son succeeded him as king.”1 Outline: With some adaptations, we follow the outline given by The Tyndale Bible Commentary: A. SOLOMON’S KINGDOM – 1:1 – 9:31 I. Solomon prepares for the temple (1:1 – 2:18) i. Solomon’s splendor (1:1-17) a. Solomon’s kingdom established (1:1) b. Solomon’s worship (1:2-6) c. Solomon’s wisdom (1:7-13) d. Solomon’s wealth (1:14-17) ii. Solomon’s preparations (2:1-18) a. Building instructions (2:1) b. Census of laborers (2:2) c. Solomon’s letter to Hiram (2:3-10) d. Hiram’s letter to Solomon (2:11-16) 1 II Chron. 9:30-31 Commentary to Second Chronicles – © John Schultz 3 e. Census of non-Israelite laborers (2:17-18) II. Solomon builds the temple (3:1 – 5:1) a. Beginning to build the temple (3:1-2) b. The ground-plan and porch (3:3-4a) c. The golden temple (3:4b-13) d. The veil (3:14) e. The Temple equipment (4:1-22) i. The bronze altar (4:1) ii. The Sea (4:2-6, 10) iii. The ten gold lampstands and ten tables (4:7-8) iv. The courtyards (4:9) v. Bronze work (4:11b-18) vi. Gold objects (4:19-22) a. Completion of the temple (5:1) III. Solomon dedicates the temple (5:2 – 7:22) a. The ark and the cloud (5:2-14) i. Solomon assembles all Israel (5:2-3) ii. The ark’s final journey (5:4-6) iii. The ark’s final resting-place (5:7-10) iv. God’s glory and Israel’s praise (5:11-14) b. Solomon’s praise and prayer (6:1-42) i. Solomon responds to God’s glory (6:1-2) ii. Solomon’s testimony to God’s promise (6:3-11) iii. Solomon’s dedicatory prayer (6:12-42) c. God’s answer to prayer (7:1-22) i. God’s fire and glory (7:1-3) ii. Israel’s sacrifice and praise (7:4-10) iii. God’s promises (7:11-22) IV. Solomon completes the temple (8:1-16) a. Solomon’s other building work (8:1-6) b. Foreigners in Solomon’s kingdom (8:7-11) c. Temple ceremonies and personnel (8:12-15) V. Solomon’s splendor (8:17 – 9:31) a. Solomon’s international relationships (8:17 – 9:31) i. Solomon and the king of Tyre (8:17-18; 9:10-11) ii. Solomon and the queen of Sheba (9:1-9, 12) b. Solomon’s wisdom, fame and fortune (9:13-28) i. Solomon’s gold (9:13-21) ii. Solomon’s international supremacy (9:22-28) c. Concluding formula for Solomon (9:29-31) B. THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH (10:1 – 36:23) I. Rehoboam (10:1- 12:16) a. Israel Separates from Judah (10:1-19) i. Rehoboam’s abortive coronation plans (10:1-5) ii. Advice for Rehoboam (10:6-15) iii. Division of Israel and Judah (10:16-19) Commentary to Second Chronicles – © John Schultz 4 b. Rehoboam’s strength (11:1-23) i. Peace between Israel and Judah (11:1-4) ii. Judah fortified (11:5-12) iv. True worship maintained (11:13-17) v. The royal family extended (11:18-23) c. Rehoboam’s repentance (12:1-12) i. Attack by Shishak of Egypt (12:1-4) ii. Judah’s humble repentance (12:5-12) d. Concluding formulae (12:13-16) II. Abijah and Asa (13:1-16:14) a. Abijah (13:1 – 14:1) i. Introductory formula (13:1-2a) iii. Civil war between Judah and Israel (13:2b-19) iv. Abijah’s strength (13:20-21) v. Concluding formula (13:22 – 14:1) b. Asa (14:2 – 16:14) i. Asa seeks God and is prosperous (14:2-7) ii. Asa trusts God and is victorious (14:8-15) iii. Asa obeys a prophet’s word (15:1-8) iv. Asa’s covenant with God (15:9-19) v. Asa’s covenant with Ben-Hadad (16:1-6) vi.
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