DOCSLIB.ORG

Rhetoric of Trans* Identities: Public Reactions to Private

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rhetoric of Trans* Identities: Public Reactions to Private RHETORIC OF TRANS* IDENTITIES: PUBLIC REACTIONS TO PRIVATE CONFESSIONS by KELSEY T. ABELE B.A., Gustavus Adolphus College, 2014 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Communication Studies College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Approved by: Major Professor Charles Griffin Copyright KELSEY T. ABELE 2016 Abstract The year 2015 provided a hotbed of discussion about trans* identities. Caitlyn Jenner’s public announcement of her identity as transgender shortly followed by Rachel Dolezal unveiling as a woman with Caucasian heritage. Using publically accessible interviews such as the Diane Sawyer interview with Bruce Jenner, both of Matt Lauer’s conversations with Dolezal and Jenner, Melissa Harris-Perry’s interview with Dolezal, as well as two Vanity Fair stories provide a space for a closer examination of how trans* identities are negotiated in a conversational setting. Using Hecht’s (1993) communication theory of identity to investigate how the four proposed frames (personal, enactment, relationship, and communal) operate under the lens of trans* identities in flux. This thesis aims to explore the kinds of linguist framing motifs used by both an exemplar of the transgender community and an individual treading the barrier between Caucasian and black identities, ultimately leading to a discussion about how language confines personal and socially structure identity and identification. The implications of this identity work tangles with the reliance on personal experience as an expression of identity and its persuasive power to impact discourse. The linguistic tropes that confine identity expression inherently impact a community of individuals struggling to navigate trans* identity acceptance in a larger sphere. Keywords: trans*, identity, identification, race, gender, language, communication theory of identity Table of Contents List of Figures..............................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ ix Dedication....................................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 - Rationale ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Review of Literature .................................................................................................... 5 Race Identity............................................................................................................................... 5 Sex Identity................................................................................................................................. 8 Gender Identity ......................................................................................................................... 10 Identity...................................................................................................................................... 13 Identification............................................................................................................................. 15 Complications in Identification............................................................................................. 17 Identification in Language .................................................................................................... 18 Passing ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Trans* ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3 - Communication Theory of Identity ........................................................................... 27 Personal Frame ......................................................................................................................... 28 Enactment Frame ...................................................................................................................... 29 Relationship Frame................................................................................................................... 30 Communal Frame ..................................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 4 - Analysis...................................................................................................................... 36 Justification of Texts................................................................................................................. 36 Personal Frame ......................................................................................................................... 36 Caitlyn Jenner ....................................................................................................................... 37 A move toward self-honesty. ............................................................................................ 37 Born this way. ................................................................................................................... 40 Soul. .............................................................................................................................. 41 Body.............................................................................................................................. 42 Rejection of stuck. ........................................................................................................ 44 Emergent self. ................................................................................................................... 44 iv Rachel Dolezal ...................................................................................................................... 45 Race and cultural blackness.............................................................................................. 45 Complexity.................................................................................................................... 46 Experience and connection. .............................................................................................. 47 Identity on a continuum. ................................................................................................... 49 Physical portrayal.............................................................................................................. 51 Identity impact work credibility.................................................................................... 52 Enactment ................................................................................................................................. 53 Caitlyn Jenner ....................................................................................................................... 53 Familial interactions.......................................................................................................... 53 Wives. ........................................................................................................................... 53 Kids............................................................................................................................... 57 Salvage relationships. ....................................................................................................... 60 Masculine/feminine different actions. .............................................................................. 62 Sports now and then...................................................................................................... 63 Dress or appearance. ..................................................................................................... 64 Girls’ night.................................................................................................................... 65 Rachael Dolezal .................................................................................................................... 66 Roles. ................................................................................................................................ 66 Professional................................................................................................................... 67 Familial. ........................................................................................................................ 68 Interacting with the in-group. ........................................................................................... 68 Authenticity of action. ...................................................................................................... 70 Traditional actions and conflict. ................................................................................... 71 Starting a conversation...................................................................................................... 71 Relationship .............................................................................................................................. 72 Caitlyn Jenner ....................................................................................................................... 73 Protect family from harm or emotional hurt....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dissertation Formatted
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Beyond Transition: Life Course Challenges of Trans* People A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Andrew Rene Seeber Committee in charge: Professor Verta Taylor, Committee Co-Chair Professor France Winddance Twine, Committee Co-Chair Professor Alicia Cast Professor Leila Rupp December 2015 The dissertation of Andrew Rene Seeber is approved. ____________________________________________ Alicia Cast ____________________________________________ Leila Rupp ____________________________________________ Verta Taylor, Committee Co-Chair ____________________________________________ France Winddance Twine, Committee Co-Chair December 2015 Beyond Transition: Life Course Challenges of Trans* People Copyright © 2015 by Andrew Rene Seeber iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the many people who opened their homes and life stories to me, making this project possible. Your time, good humor, and generosity are much appreciated. I would also like to thank my co-chairs, Verta Taylor and France Winddance Twine, for their hours of work, attention, and support in guiding me through the research and writing process. Thank you to my committee members, Alicia Cast and Leila Rupp, for their theoretical and editorial insights. Thank you to many colleagues and friends, especially Noa Klein and Elizabeth Rahilly, for places to sleep, challenging conversations, and continuous cheerleading. I would like to thank my family for always being there and supporting me from afar, even when I confused them with pronouns, needed a place to visit for a break, or asked them to travel completely across the country for my wedding. Finally, I would like to thank my wonderful wife, Haley Cutler, for her inspiration, support, patience for graduate student life, and most importantly, her love.
    [Show full text]
  • “My Voice Speaks for Itself”: the Experiences of Three Transgender Students in Secondary School Choral Programs
    “MY VOICE SPEAKS FOR ITSELF”: THE EXPERIENCES OF THREE TRANSGENDER STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL CHORAL PROGRAMS By Joshua Palkki A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Music Education—Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ABSTRACT “MY VOICE SPEAKS FOR ITSELF”: THE EXPERIENCES OF THREE TRANSGENDER STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL CHORAL PROGRAMS By Joshua Palkki Is choral music education in America at a “trans(gender) tipping point”? With the purpose of furthering and enhancing the sociocultural dialogue surrounding LGBTQA issues in music education and to improve vocal/choral instruction for trans students, this multiple narrative case study explored the musical lives and lived experiences of trans students in high school choral music programs. The two grand tour problems of this study were: • To describe how transgender students enrolled in secondary school choral music programs navigate their gender identity in the choral context. • To describe if/how transgender students in secondary school choral programs were supported by groups including their choral teachers, choral peers, and school administrators. The emergent research design employed narrative inquiry and ethnographic techniques in order to honor and highlight voices of the three participants: Sara, Jon, and Skyler (pseudonyms). The stories of these three students revealed the importance of context and geography in shaping the experiences of trans youth at school. Additionally, the connection or lack thereof between voice and gender identity was different for each of the participants. The policies of the students’ school districts, high schools (administrators), choral programs, and outside music organizations (e.g., state music education organizations) shaped and influenced how Sara, Jon, and Skyler navigated their trans identity within the high school choral context.
    [Show full text]
  • Nysba Spring 2020 | Vol
    NYSBA SPRING 2020 | VOL. 31 | NO. 2 Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal A publication of the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section of the New York State Bar Association In This Issue n A Case of “Creative Destruction”: Takeaways from the 5Pointz Graffiti Dispute n The American Actress, the English Duchess, and the Privacy Litigation n The Battle Against the Bots: The Legislative Fight Against Ticket Bots ....and more www.nysba.org/EASL NEW YORK STATE BAR ASSOCIATION In The Arena: A Sports Law Handbook Co-sponsored by the New York State Bar Association and the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section As the world of professional athletics has become more competitive and the issues more complex, so has the need for more reliable representation in the field of sports law. Written by dozens of sports law attorneys and medical professionals, In the Arena: A Sports Law Handbook is a reflection of the multiple issues that face athletes and the attorneys who represent them. Included in this book are chapters on representing professional athletes, NCAA enforcement, advertising, sponsorship, intellectual property rights, doping, concussion-related issues, Title IX and dozens of useful appendices. Table of Contents Intellectual Property Rights and Endorsement Agreements How Trademark Protection Intersects with the Athlete’s EDITORS Right of Publicity Elissa D. Hecker, Esq. Collective Bargaining in the Big Three David Krell, Esq. Agency Law Sports, Torts and Criminal Law PRODUCT INFO AND PRICES 2013 | 539 pages Role of Advertising and Sponsorship in the Business of Sports PN: 4002 (Print) Doping in Sport: A Historical and Current Perspective PN: 4002E (E-Book) Athlete Concussion-Related Issues Non-Members $80 Concussions—From a Neuropsychological and Medical Perspective NYSBA Members $65 In-Arena Giveaways: Sweepstakes Law Basics and Compliance Issues Order multiple titles to take advantage of our low flat Navigating the NCAA Enforcement Process rate shipping charge of $5.95 per order, regardless of the number of items shipped.
    [Show full text]
  • Passing in American Culture
    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online English Honors in the Major Theses Spring 2016 Passing in American Culture Joy E. Sandon Rollins College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors-in-the-major-english Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post- Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sandon, Joy E., "Passing in American Culture" (2016). English. 1. https://scholarship.rollins.edu/honors-in-the-major-english/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors in the Major Theses at Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in English by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Passing in American Culture: Biracial, Queer, and Disabled Bodies Joy Sandon Submitted to faculty of the Rollins College English Department in partial fulfillment of the requirement for honors in the English major in the Hamilton Holt School Rollins College May 2016 To mom and dad, Thanks for always believing in me even when I was crying at 3am because I thought I couldn’t do it. Without you, I truly couldn’t have. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One 14 Chapter Two 35 Chapter Three 55 Conclusion 76 Bibliography 80 Sandon 1 Introduction When we think of passing, race is usually the first thing that comes to mind. Whether it’s James Weldon Johnson’s The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson, or general thoughts of the Harlem Renaissance, The Civil Rights Era, and contemporary struggles that people of color face, race is typically at the center of perceptions of passing.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think and Why It Matters
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2019 Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think nda Why It Matters Amanda Daily Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Daily, Amanda, "Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think nda Why It Matters" (2019). CMC Senior Theses. 2230. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2230 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Claremont McKenna College Why Hollywood Isn’t As Liberal As We Think And Why It Matters Submitted to Professor Jon Shields by Amanda Daily for Senior Thesis Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 April 29, 2019 2 3 Abstract Hollywood has long had a reputation as a liberal institution. Especially in 2019, it is viewed as a highly polarized sector of society sometimes hostile to those on the right side of the aisle. But just because the majority of those who work in Hollywood are liberal, that doesn’t necessarily mean our entertainment follows suit. I argue in my thesis that entertainment in Hollywood is far less partisan than people think it is and moreover, that our entertainment represents plenty of conservative themes and ideas. In doing so, I look at a combination of markets and artistic demands that restrain the politics of those in the entertainment industry and even create space for more conservative productions. Although normally art and markets are thought to be in tension with one another, in this case, they conspire to make our entertainment less one-sided politically.
    [Show full text]
  • Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games - Wikipedia
    27/4/2020 Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games - Wikipedia Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games The athletics competition at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City, Mexico between 13 and 20 October. Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games Contents Medal summary Men's events Women's events Medal table Dates 13–20 October Notes Host Mexico City, Mexico city References Venue Estadio Olímpico Universitario Medal summary Level Senior Events 37 Men's events ← Cali 1971 San Juan 1979 → 1975 Pan American Games https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1975_Pan_American_Games 1/7 27/4/2020 Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games - Wikipedia Event Gold Silver Bronze Hasely Silvio Crawford Hermes 100 metres 10.15A Leonard 10.21A Ramírez 10.34A (wind: -0.4 m/s) =GR Cuba Trinidad Cuba and Tobago James Larry Brown Mike Sands 200 metres Gilkes 20.43A United 20.69A 20.98A (wind: -2.4 m/s) States Bahamas Guyana Ronnie Alberto Delmo da Ray 44.45A 400 metres Juantorena 44.80A Silva 45.53A United GR Cuba Brazil States Luis Leandro Carlos 800 metres Medina 1:47.98A Civil 1:48.75A Martínez 1:48.78A Cuba Cuba Mexico Tony Carlos Waldrop Luis Medina 1500 metres 3:45.09A Martínez 3:45.98A 3:49.84A United Cuba Mexico States Domingo Theodore Rodolfo Tibaduiza Castaneda 5000 metres 14:02.00A 14:03.20A Gómez 14:05.25A United Mexico Colombia States Luis Domingo Rodolfo Hernández Tibaduiza 10,000 metres 29:19.28A Gómez 29:21.22A 29:25.45A Mexico Mexico Colombia Charles Rigoberto "Chuck" Tom Howard Marathon Mendoza 2:25:03A Smead 2:25:32A 2:25:46A
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of the Word Baugh Wreathes Across America 2015
    The Sting VOL. 2 No. #1 OXFORD AREA HIGH SCHOOL NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2015 Wreathes Across America 2015 By Steven Yannucci individual memorials for each org and it cost $15 per wreath Class of 2018 branch of the service, and the you donate. individual gravestones of the Wreaths Across America’s Are you here? Are you deceased heroes. It begins with vision is remember, honor, and living free? Yes you are, thanks the national anthem followed teach communities nationwide to the sacrifice given by the by tributes on the bagpipes and about veterans and their sacri- men and women who have speeches from a few. fice as well as hold ceremonies served this country. This win- This tradition started at state houses. One final trib- ter, in early December, people in 1992 when the Worces- ute they do is a Veterans Parade around the nation will be laying tor Wreath company found between Maine and Virginia www.wreathesacrossamerica.org wreathes on the graves of those themselves with a surplus of where they stop along the way Wreathes laying on the graves of fallen who served. Oxford, Pennsylva- wreathes. The owner, Morrill to spread the message of impor- heroes. nia is holding its own ceremo- Worcestor, saw an opportuni- tance of these life long heroes. ny to honor those fallen at the ty to honor those who served Sacred Heart Cemetery. Every this country, so he made ar- year there is free coffee and rangements with the senator hot chocolate for everyone who of Maine to have the surplus participates. Also, attending wreathes laid on the graves at this ceremony will allow you to Arlington National Cemetery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frames and Depictions of Transgender Athletes in Sports Illustrated
    THESIS DECOLONIZING TRANSNESS IN SPORT MEDIA: THE FRAMES AND DEPICTIONS OF TRANSGENDER ATHLETES IN SPORTS ILLUSTRATED Submitted By Tammy Rae Matthews Department of Journalism and Media Communication In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2016 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Catherine Knight Steele Co-Advisor: Kris Kodrich Joseph Champ Caridad Souza Copyright by Tammy Rae Matthews 2016 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT DECOLONIZING TRANSNESS IN SPORT MEDIA: THE FRAMES AND DEPICTIONS OF TRANSGENDER ATHLETES IN SPORTS ILLUSTRATED This discourse analysis examines depictions of trans athletes in Sports Illustrated and sport culture through the lens of queer theory and the interpretive-packages model proposed by Gamson and Modigliani (1989). Four interpretive packages emerged from the print content: (1) Marginalization, (2) Labeling, (3) Fighting and Fairness and (4) Pride and Affirmation. The results illustrate that discourse has generally become more sensitive to trans issues. The author presents these results with cautious optimism. Blindingly affirming and romancing the transgender can be equally as superficial as marginalization, and representations of trans athletes secured by one person are problematic. Researchers and sport organizations should dismantle antiquated, coercive sex segregation in traditional sport and decolonize how it contributes to gender-based oppression. The author recommends that media outlets focus on presenting fair, accurate and
    [Show full text]
  • To Download The
    4 x 2” ad EXPIRES 10/31/2021. EXPIRES 8/31/2021. Your Community Voice for 50 Years Your Community Voice for 50 Years RRecorecorPONTE VEDVEDRARA dderer entertainmentEEXTRATRA! ! Featuringentertainment TV listings, streaming information, sports schedules,X puzzles and more! E dw P ar , N d S ay ecu y D nda ttne August 19 - 25, 2021 , DO ; Bri ; Jaclyn Taylor, NP We offer: INSIDE: •Intimacy Wellness New listings •Hormone Optimization and Testosterone Replacement Therapy Life for for Netlix, Hulu & •Stress Urinary Incontinence for Women Amazon Prime •Holistic Approach to Weight Loss •Hair Restoration ‘The Walking Pages 3, 17, 22 •Medical Aesthetic Injectables •IV Hydration •Laser Hair Removal Dead’ is almost •Laser Skin Rejuvenation Jeffrey Dean Morgan is among •Microneedling & PRP Facial the stars of “The Walking •Weight Management up as Season •Medical Grade Skin Care and Chemical Peels Dead,” which starts its final 11 starts season Sunday on AMC. 904-595-BLUE (2583) blueh2ohealth.com 340 Town Plaza Ave. #2401 x 5” ad Ponte Vedra, FL 32081 One of the largest injury judgements in Florida’s history: $228 million. (904) 399-1609 4 x 3” ad BY JAY BOBBIN ‘The Walking Dead’ walks What’s Available NOW On into its final AMC season It’ll be a long goodbye for “The Walking Dead,” which its many fans aren’t likely to mind. The 11th and final season of AMC’s hugely popular zombie drama starts Sunday, Aug. 22 – and it really is only the beginning of the end, since after that eight-episode arc ends, two more will wrap up the series in 2022.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian Has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn from Her
    Digital Commons @ Assumption University Honors Theses Honors Program 2020 The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her Elizabeth Paquette Assumption College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/honorstheses Part of the Marketing Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Paquette, Elizabeth, "The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her" (2020). Honors Theses. 81. https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/honorstheses/81 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Digital Commons @ Assumption University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Assumption University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her By Elizabeth Paquette Thesis Advisor: Dr. Cary LeBlanc Marketing A Thesis Submitted to Fulfill the Requirements of the Honors Program at Assumption College Spring 2020 1 Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................2 Background on Kim Kardashian ...........................................................................5 Literature Review ....................................................................................................6 ²
    [Show full text]
  • REEL ACHIEVEMENTS by STUDENT FILMMAKERS Mixed Messages on Peabody Marijuana Facility
    DEALS OF THE $DAY$ PG. 3 TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 2018 DEALS OF THE A bright idea in Swampscott: sports under the lights$DAY$ By Bella diGrazia the times. It’s probably some- Cresta said one of the biggest said. been non-stop withPG. 3people tell- ITEM STAFF thing that should have hap- factors in the town not going for- After the funding was secured, ing me how excited they are.” pened years ago.” ward with this years ago is that the town purchased the lights Generations of Swampscott SWAMPSCOTT — Swamp- At the beginning of 2016, town those kind of lights are only ben- from Musco Sports Lighting and football teams have played their scott is set to debut a new addi- tion to its football legacy as the of cials laid out a multi-phase e cial on a turf eld. by August they put the electrical games on Saturday afternoons, long-awaited lights for Block- plan for the football eld, said Cresta said the money, raised work out to bid, choosing Island said Cresta. DEALSIn the last 15 years, sidge Field near completion. Cresta. Last September, the from private funding, was se- Lighting & Power System, said most of the other football teams “It’s been such a long time rst phase was completed with cured back in May. The lights Cresta. The lights were deliv- in the NortheastOF THE Conference coming,” said Gino Cresta, di- the building of the grandstand cost $205,000 and the leftover ered on Halloween and the elec- have transitioned$ to $playing rector of Public Works.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2014–2015 Contents
    ANNUAL REPORT 2014–2015 CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE CEO & PRESIDENT 2 HIGHLIGHTS 2014–2015 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2014 2014 HIGHLIGHTS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 6 42 2015 HIGHLIGHTS FINANCIAL STATEMENT 8 43 OUR WORK INVESTORS NEWS MEDIA MILLION DOLLAR LIFETIME CLUB 10 46 ENTERTAINMENT FOUNDATIONS 14 46 TH 25 ANNUAL GLAAD MEDIA AWARDS CORPORATE PARTNERS 17 47 26TH ANNUAL GLAAD MEDIA AWARDS LEGACY CIRCLE 21 48 TRANSGENDER MEDIA SHAREHOLDERS CIRCLE 25 49 GLOBAL VOICES 29 DIRECTORY SOUTHERN STORIES 32 GLAAD STAFF SPANISH-LANGUAGE & LATINO MEDIA 54 35 GLAAD NATIONAL YOUTH BOARD OF DIRECTORS 38 55 LEADERSHIP COUNCILS 55 My first year as GLAAD’s CEO & President was an unforgettable one as it was marked by significant accomplishments for the LGBT movement. Marriage equality is now the law of the land, the Boy Scouts ended its discriminatory ban based on sexual orientation, and an LGBT group marched in New York City’s St. Patrick’s Day Parade for the very first time. And as TIME noted, our nation has reached a “transgender tipping point.” Over 20 million people watched Caitlyn Jenner come out, and ABC looked to GLAAD as a valued resource for that game-changing interview. MESSAGE FROM THE CEO & PRESIDENT But even with these significant advancements, at GLAAD, we still see a dangerous gap between historic policy advancements and the hearts and minds of Americans—in other words, a gap between equality and acceptance. To better understand this disparity, GLAAD commissioned a Harris Poll to measure how Americans really feel about LGBT people. The results, released in our recent Accelerating Acceptance report, prove that beneath legislative progress lies a dangerous layer of discomfort and discrimination.
    [Show full text]