Limited Liability Partnership Act Amendments to Uniform Partnership Act (1994)
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14A.3-010 Entity Name
14A.3-010 Entity name. (1) Except as authorized by subsection (24) of this section, the real name of an entity or foreign entity shall be distinguishable from any name of record with the Secretary of State. (2) The real name of a corporation or nonprofit corporation shall: (a) 1. End with the word "corporation," "company," or "limited" or the abbreviation "Corp.," "Inc.," "Co.," or "Ltd." or words or abbreviations of like import in another language, provided, however, that if a nonprofit corporation's name includes the word "company" or the abbreviation "Co.," it may not be immediately preceded by the word "and" or the abbreviation "&"; or 2. If a professional service corporation, shall end with the words "professional service corporation" or the abbreviation "P.S.C."; and (b) Shall not contain language stating or implying that the corporation is organized for a purpose other than that permitted by its organic act and its articles of incorporation. (3) The real name of a limited liability company shall end with the phrase "limited liability company" or "limited company" or the abbreviation "LLC" or "LC," provided, however, if the company is a professional limited liability company the name shall end with the phrase "professional limited liability company" or "professional limited company" or the abbreviation "PLLC" or "PLC." In the name of either a limited liability company or a professional limited liability company, the word "limited" may be abbreviated as "Ltd." and the word "Company" may be abbreviated as "Co." (4) The real name of a limited liability partnership registered pursuant to KRS 362.555 shall contain the phrase "Registered Limited Liability Partnership" or the abbreviation "LLP" as the last words or letters of its name. -
The Limited Liability Company: Lessons for Corporate Law
THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: LESSONS FOR CORPORATE LAW JONATHAN R. MACEY· INTRODUCTION Legal scholarship examining the recent emergence of the limited liability company has primarily focused on the legal treatment of these entities. l A successfully formed limited liability company is a noncorporate entity that provides its owners with protection against liability for enterprise obligations, as well as the pass-through tax treatment traditionally associated with partnerships and Subchapter S corporations. At the same time, the limited liability company form allows investors to remain actively involved in the management of the enterprise. The purpose of this Article is different. Rather than exploring whether (or how well) the limited liability companies achieve their common intended purpose of reducing the contract, tort and tax liabilities of their investors, this Article explores the implications of the emergence of the limited liability company for our understanding of corporate law. What does the modem emergence of the limited liability company tell us about the state ofAmerican corporate law? This Article argues that the emergence of the limited liability company has much to tell us about a variety of important topics in corporate law, particularly the reasons for requiring fonnal incorporation, jurisdictional competition for corporate charters, the costs and benefits oflimited liability, and the structural problems that may hamper sweeping reform ofcorporate and tort law rules affecting enterprise and investor liability. This Article begins with a brief discussion of the limited liability company. The second part of the Article discusses the features that may * J. DuPratt White Professor of Law, Cornell University, and Director, John M. -
Legislative History for Connecticut Act
Legislative History for Connecticut Act PA 16-97 HB5259 Senate 3081-3082, (3094-3096) 5 Judiciary 989-991, 1012-1020, 34 1046-1048, 1095-1113 House Transcripts have not been received. They are available 39 on CGA website, but are not the Official copy. Contact House Clerk for assistance (860) 240-0400 Transcripts from the Joint Standing Committee Public Hearing(s) and/or Senate and House of Representatives Proceedings Connecticut State Library Compiled 2017 S - 699 CONNECTICUT GENERAL ASSEMBLY SENATE PROCEEDINGS 2016 VOL. 59 PART 9 2751 – 3097 003081 /je 331 SENATE May 4, 2016 0 Thank you, Madam President. Will the Clerk now please call Calendar Page 27, Calendar 568, House Bill 5259. THE CHAIR: Mr. Clerk. THE CLERK: On page 27, Calendar 568, Substitute for House Bill Number 5259, AN ACT CONCERNING ADOPTION OF THE CONNECTICUT UNIFORM LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ACT. THE CHAIR: Senator Coleman. SENATOR COLEMAN (2ND) : 0 Thank you very much, Madam President. I move acceptance of the Joint Committee's favorable report and passage of the bill in concurrence with the House. THE CHAIR: The motion is on acceptance and passage in concurrence. Will you remark, sir? SENATOR COLEMAN (2ND) : Madam President, this is a bill which makes some changes to the laws governing limited liability companies. Its rules generally apply when an LLC operating agreement does not cover a particular matter except for certain items that the bill does not allow in an agreement or that an agreement () 003082 /je 332 SENATE May 4, 2016 0 cannot change. I urge support and passage of the bill. -
The LLC As Recombinant Entity: Revisiting Fundamental Questions Through the LLC Lens" (2009)
Mitchell Hamline School of Law Mitchell Hamline Open Access Faculty Scholarship 2009 The LC as Recombinant Entity: Revisiting Fundamental Questions Through the LLC Lens Daniel S. Kleinberger Mitchell Hamline School of Law, [email protected] Publication Information 14 Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law 473 (2009) Repository Citation Kleinberger, Daniel S., "The LLC as Recombinant Entity: Revisiting Fundamental Questions Through the LLC Lens" (2009). Faculty Scholarship. Paper 221. http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/facsch/221 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The LC as Recombinant Entity: Revisiting Fundamental Questions Through the LLC Lens Abstract Rather than being a simple hybrid, the U.S. limited liability company is better described as a recombinant entity that combines attributes of four different types of business organizations. The LLC offers an almost ineffably flexible structure, but that flexibility does not place the LLC beyond the range of traditional, formalist analysis. To the contrary, parsing the LLC in pursuit of conventional forms may allow us "to know the place for the first time." This essay uses conventional concepts to: (i) explore whether "labels matter" when LLC membership interests are described as Contract or as Property; and (ii) examine how the plight of the "bare naked assignee" relates to the LLC's status as a legal person distinct from its members. Keywords limited liability company, L.L.C., limited liability partnership, L.L.P., business organizations Disciplines Organizations Law This article is available at Mitchell Hamline Open Access: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/facsch/221 THE LLC AS RECOMBINANT ENTITY: REVISITING FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS THROUGH THE LLC LENS Daniel S. -
Nordic States Almanac 2018
Going north DENMARK FINLAND NORWAY SWEDEN Nordic States Almanac 2018 Heading up north „If investment is the driving force behind all economic development and going cross-border is now the norm on the European continent, good advisors provide both map and sounding-line for the investor.” Rödl & Partner „We also invest in the future! To ensure that our tradition is preserved, we encourage young talents and involve them directly into our repertoire. At first, they make up the top of our human towers and, with more experience, they take responsibility for the stability of our ambitious endeavours.” Castellers de Barcelona 3 Table of contents A. Introduction 6 B. Map 8 C. Countries, figures, people 9 I. Demographics 9 II. Largest cities 11 III. Country ratings 12 IV. Currencies 16 IV. Norway and the EU 16 VI. Inflation rates 17 VII. Growth 18 VIII. Major trading partners 19 IX. Transactions with Germany 22 X. Overview of public holidays in 2018 23 D. Law 27 I. Establishing a company 27 II. Working 35 III. Insolvency – obligations and risks 47 IV. Signing of contracts 50 V. Securing of receivables 54 VI. Legal disputes 57 E. Taxes 65 I. Tax rates 65 II. VAT – obligation to register for VAT 68 4 III. Personal income tax – tax liability for foreign employees 72 IV. Corporate income tax – criteria for permanent establishment (national) 74 V. Tax deadlines 75 VI. Transfer pricing 78 F. Accounting 84 I. Submission dates for annual financial statements 84 II. Contents / Structure of annual financial statements 85 III. Acceptable accounting standards 86 G. -
Uniform Partnership Act (1997) Uniform Limited Partnership Act (2001) Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (2006) Uniform Limited Cooperative Association Act (2007)
D R A F T FOR DISCUSSION ONLY Amendments to: UNIFORM PARTNERSHIP ACT (1997) UNIFORM LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ACT (2001) UNIFORM LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ACT (2006) UNIFORM LIMITED COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACT (2007) NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM STATE LAWS FOR RECORD OWNERS OF BUSINESS ACT NOVEMBER 18, 2007 DRAFTING COMMITTEE MEETING Without Prefatory Notes and With Comments Copyright 82007 By NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM STATE LAWS ____________________________________________________________________________________________ The ideas and conclusions set forth in this draft, including the proposed statutory language and any comments or reporter=s notes, have not been passed upon by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws or the Drafting Committee. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Conference and its Commissioners and the Drafting Committee and its Members and Reporter. Proposed statutory language may not be used to ascertain the intent or meaning of any promulgated final statutory proposal. November 5, 2007 DRAFTING COMMITTEE ON RECORD OWNERS OF BUSINESS ACT The Committee appointed by and representing the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in preparing this Act consists of the following individuals: HARRY J. HAYNSWORTH, IV, 2200 IDS Center, 80 S. 8th St., Minneapolis, MN 55402, Chair BRUCE A. COGGESHALL, One Monument Sq., POrtland, ME 04101 DAVID G. NIXON, 2340 Green Acres Rd., Suite 12, Fayetteville, AR 72703 STEVE WILBORN, 306 Tower Dr., Shelbyville, KY 40065 NORA WINKELMAN, Office of General Counsel, 333 Market St., 17th Flr., Harrisburg, PA 17101 WILLIAM H. CLARK, JR., One Logan Square, 18th and Cherry Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996, Reporter EX OFFICIO MARTHA LEE WALTERS, Oregon Supreme Court, 1163 State St., Salem, OR 97301-2563, President WILLIAM H. -
Uniform Partnership Act (Upa) (1997) (Last Amended 2013)
111 N. Wabash Ave. Suite 1010 Chicago, IL 60602 Uniform Law Commission (312) 450-6600 tel NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM STATE LAWS (312) 450-6601 fax www.uniformlaws.org WHY YOUR STATE SHOULD ADOPT THE UNIFORM PARTNERSHIP ACT (UPA) (1997) (LAST AMENDED 2013) The original Uniform Partnership Act was drafted in 1914 and enacted in every state except Louisiana. In 1997 it was completely revised. This revised version of the act is frequently referred to as the Revised Uniform Partnership Act. UPA (1997) was enacted in approximately three-fourths of the states. The 2011 and 2013 amendments to UPA (1997), approved as part of the Harmonization of Business Entity Acts project, expand the comprehensiveness of the act significantly, incorporate statutory and case law developments since its initial promulgation, and harmonize the language in the provisions that are similar to the other uniform and model unincorporated entity acts. It is the foundational unincorporated business entity statute. Every state should enact it. States that enacted UPA (1997) before the Harmonization project amendments should consider adopting UPA (1997), either as a stand-alone act or as Article 3 of the Uniform Business Organizations Code. The following list describes the more significant changes to UPA (1997), as amended: • Flexible Structure. UPA (1997) is a default statute for matters not covered by the partnership agreement. In general, the partnership agreement expressly controls over the statutory language in the act so that partners may tailor their management structure to meet their business needs. • Cohesive Entity. UPA (1997) defines a partnership explicitly as an entity, not an aggregate. -
Limited Partnerships
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND TRANSACTIONAL LAW CLINIC LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW A limited partnership is a business entity comprised of two or more persons, with one or more general partners and one or more limited partners. A limited partnership differs from a general partnership in the amount of control and liability each partner has. Limited partnerships are governed by the Virginia Revised Uniform Partnership Act,1 which is an adaptation of the 1976 Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, or RULPA, and its subsequent amendments. HOW A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP IS FORMED To form a limited partnership in Virginia, a certificate of limited partnership must be filed with the Virginia State Corporation Commission. This is different from general partnerships which require no formal recording with the Commonwealth. The certificate must state the name of the partnership,2 and, the name must contain the designation “limited partnership,” “a limited partnership,” “L.P.,” or “LP;” which puts third parties on notice of the limited liability of one or more partners. 3 Additionally, the certificate must name a registered agent for service of process, state the Post Office mailing address of the company, and state the name and address of every general partner. The limited partnership is formed on the date of filing of the certificate unless a later date is specified in the certificate.4 1 VA. CODE ANN. § 50, Ch. 2.2. 2 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.11(A)(1). 3 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.2. 4 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.11(C)0). GENERAL PARTNERS General partners run the company's day-to-day operations and hold management control. -
Addressing Duty of Loyalty Parameters in Partnership Agreements: the More Is More Approach
Athens Journal of Law XY Addressing Duty of Loyalty Parameters in Partnership Agreements: The More is More Approach * By Thomas P. Corbin Jr. In drafting a partnership agreement, a clause addressing duty of loyalty issues is a necessity for modern partnerships operating under limited or general partnership laws. In fact, the entire point of forming a limited partnership is the recognition of the limited involvement of one of the partners or perhaps more appropriate, the extra-curricular enterprises of each of the partners. In modern operations, it is becoming more common for individuals to be involved in multiple business entities and as such, conflict of interests and breaches of the traditional and basic rules on duty of loyalty such as those owed by one partner to another can be nuanced and situational. This may include but not be limited to affiliated or self-interested transactions. State statutes and case law reaffirm the rule that the duty of loyalty from one partner to another cannot be negotiated completely away however, the point of this construct is to elaborate on best practices of attorneys in the drafting of general and limited partnership agreements. In those agreements a complete review of partners extra-partnership endeavours need to be reviewed and then clarified for the protection of all partners. Liabilities remain enforced but the parameters of what those liabilities are would lead to better constructed partnership agreements for the operation of the partnership and the welfare of the partners. This review and documentation by counsel drafting general and limited partnership agreements are now of paramount significance. -
Limited Liability Entities (DE 231LLC)
LIMITED LIABILITY ENTITIES The purpose of this information sheet is to explain Section 675 of the CUIC, the employing unit becomes California’s payroll tax* treatment of the following types of an employer when it employs one or more employees limited liability entities: within California and pays wages in excess of $100 during any calendar quarter. Refer to Information • Limited Liability Company (LLC) Sheet: Employment (DE 231). • Limited Partnership (LP) • Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) • For California Personal Income Tax (PIT) purposes, • Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP) Section 13005(a) of the CUIC specifically includes an LLC as an employer subject to withholding PIT Each of the above business entity types is created when it and reporting PIT wages for its California employees. formally organizes and registers as required by the laws of (For residents performing services within or without the jurisdiction where the organization is formed. They are California, or nonresidents performing services within classified as either domestic or foreign entities. Domestic California, refer to Information Sheet: Multistate entities are those organized in California under the Employment [DE 231D].) California Corporations Code. Foreign entities are organized under the laws of jurisdictions other than California. Before California Payroll Taxes for LLC Members transacting business in California, the foreign entities must first register with the California Secretary of State. Generally, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) treat an LLC as a sole LLC ENTITIES proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, depending on the circumstances. However, the CUIC requires the An LLC is a hybrid entity that combines the liability Employment Development Department (EDD) to treat the protection of a corporation with the benefit of pass-through LLC as a unique entity type, instead of classifying it as a taxation of a partnership or sole proprietorship. -
Comparative Company Law
Comparative company law 26th of September 2017 – 3rd of October 2017 Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS Attorney in France and Germany Certified specialist in international and EU law Certified specialist in arbitration law ABCI ALISTER Strasbourg (France) • Kehl (Germany) Plan • General view of comparative company law (A.) • Practical aspects of setting up a subsidiary in France and Germany (B.) © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 2 A. General view of comparative company law • Classification of companies (I.) • Setting up a company with share capital (II.) • Management bodies (III.) • Transfer of shares (IV.) • Taxation (V.) • General tendencies in company law (VI.) © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 3 I. Classification of companies • General classification – Partnerships • Typically unlimited liability of the partners • Importance of the partners – The companies with share capital • Shares can be traded more or less freely • Typically restriction of the associate’s liability – Hybrid forms © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 4 I. Classification of companies • Partnerships – « Civil partnership » • France: Société civile • Netherlands: Maatschap • Germany: Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts • Austria: Gesellschaft nach bürgerlichem Recht (GesnbR) • Italy: Società simplice © Prof. Jochen BAUERREIS - Avocat & Rechtsanwalt 5 I. Classification of companies • Partnerships – « General partnership » • France: Société en nom collectif • UK: General partnership (but without legal personality!) • USA: General partnership -
Establishing and Managing a Company
ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING A COMPANY 5.1 Corporate Structures ........................................................ 59 5.2 Accounting ........................................................................ 63 5.3 Auditing ............................................................................. 63 5 5.4 Establishing A Company .................................................. 64 Image Signing a contract, studio shot Establishing a company can be done quickly and easily. 5.1 CORPORATE STRUCTURES Economic freedom, which is guaranteed under the Swiss Consti Numerous official and private organizations assist tution, allows anyone, including foreign nationals, to operate a entrepreneurs in selecting the appropriate legal form for business in Switzerland, to form a company or to hold an interest in one. No approval by the authorities, no membership of chambers of their company and can provide advice and support. commerce or professional associations, and no annual reporting of The federal government’s various websites offer a wide operating figures are required to establish a business. However, foreign nationals must have both work and residence permits in range of information on all aspects of the company order to conduct a business personally on a permanent basis. formation process – from business plan to official Swiss law distinguishes between the following types of business regis tration. entities: partnershiptype unincorporated companies (sole proprietorship, limited partnership or general partnership) and capitalbased incorporated