DOCSLIB.ORG

A Force for Good? Improving the Police in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Force for Good? Improving the Police in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda DISJ!3125!SFQPSU A FORCE FOR GOOD? IMPROVING THE POLICE IN KENYA, TANZANIA AND UGANDA DISJ CommonwealthCommonwealth HumanHuman RightsRights InitiativeInitiative working for the practical realisation of human rights in the Hurinet (U) countries of the Commonwealth Human Rights Network–Uganda a Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) is an independent, non-partisan, international non-governmental organisation, mandated to ensure the practical realisation of human rights in the countries of the Commonwealth. In 1987, several Commonwealth professional associations founded CHRI. They believed that while the Commonwealth provided member countries a shared set of values and legal principles from which to work and provided a forum within which to promote human rights, there was little focus on the issues of human rights within the Commonwealth. The objectives of CHRI are to promote awareness of and adherence to the Commonwealth Harare Principles, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other internationally recognised human rights instruments, as well as domestic instruments supporting human rights in Commonwealth member states. Through its reports and periodic investigations, CHRI continually draws attention to progress and setbacks to human rights in Commonwealth countries. In advocating for approaches and measures to prevent human rights abuses, CHRI addresses the Commonwealth Secretariat, member governments and civil society associations. Through its public education programmes, policy dialogues, comparative research, advocacy and networking, CHRI’s approach throughout is to act as a catalyst around its priority issues. The nature of CHRI’s sponsoring organisations allows for a national presence and an international network.* These professionals can also steer public policy by incorporating human rights norms into their own work and act as a conduit to disseminate human rights information, standards and practices. These groups also bring local knowledge, can access policy makers, highlight issues, and act in concert to promote human rights. CHRI is based in New Delhi, India, and has offi ces in London, UK, and Accra, Ghana. International Advisory Commission: Yashpal Ghai – Chairperson; Members: Alison Duxbury, Neville Linton, Vivek Maru, Edward Mortimer, Sam Okudzeto, B.J.Verghese and Maja Daruwala. Executive Committee (India): B.G. Verghese – Chairperson; Members: B.K.Chandrashekar, Nitin Desai, Wajat Habibullah, Sanjoy Hazarika, Kamal Kumar, Poonam Muttreja, Jacob Punoose, Ruma Pal, A.P. Shah and Maja Daruwala – Director. Executive Committee (Ghana): Sam Okudzeto – Chairperson; Members: Akoto Ampaw, Neville Linton, B.G. Verghese and Maja Daruwala - Director. Executive Committee (UK): Neville Linton – Chairperson; Members: Richard Bourne, Meenakshi Dhar, Derek Ingram, Rita Payne, Syed Sharfuddin, Joe Silva, Michael Stone and Sally-Ann Wilson. * Commonwealth Journalists Association, Commonwealth Lawyers Association, Commonwealth Legal Education Association, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Commonwealth Press Union and Commonwealth Broadcasting Association. ISBN: 978 93 81241 12 7 © Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, April 2014. Material from this report may be used, duly acknowledging the source. CHRI Headquarters, New Delhi CHRI United Kingdom, London CHRI Africa, Accra B-117, First Floor Institute of Commonwealth Studies House No.9, Samora Machel Sarvodaya Enclave School of Advanced Study, University of London Street Asylum Down New Delhi - 110 017 2nd Floor, South Block, Senate House Opposite Beverly Hills Hotel INDIA Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU Near Trust Towers,Accra, Ghana T: +91 (0)11 4318 0200 T: +44(0) 207 862 8857 T +233(0) 302 971170 F: +91 (0)11 2686 4688 F: +44(0) 207 862 8820 F +233(0) 302 244819 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.humanrightsinitiative.org HURINET-U Human Rights Network Uganda (HURINET- U) is a national umbrella civil society organisation, established in 1993 by a group of eight human rights organisations and formally registered as an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profi t organisation in 1994. The identity of HURINET-U lies with its diverse membership of 53 NGOs drawn from organisations that are committed to a wide range of human rights issues which are complementary in terms of areas of focus including: civil and political rights; economic, social and political rights; child rights; gender and women’s issues; peace building and confl ict resolution; prisoners’ rights. HURINET-U has remained a reputable institution and a member of regional and international campaigns. It is a hub to a number of national civil society campaigns and coalitions including: Coalition on Freedom of Information; Uganda Coalition on the International Criminal Court; Coalition on Economic, Social, Cultural Rights; Coalition on Police Accountability and Reform among others. The institutional vision is to work towards “a society free from human rights abuse” with the mission of fostering the promotion, protection and respect of human rights in Uganda through linking and strengthening the capacity of member organisations at national, regional and international levels. HURINET-U’s work is guided by the following objectives: 1. To promote and protect human rights as provided for in the regional and international instruments that Uganda is party to and as provided in the Constitution of Uganda. 2. To encourage close collaboration and networking among human rights organisations in Uganda. 3. To encourage optimum sharing of information and resources, both human and material, among human rights organisations in Uganda. 4. To continually assess a collective impact in Ugandan society, occasioned by several programmes of human rights organisations in Ugan- da, among others. A FORCE FOR GOOD? IMPROVING THE POLICE IN KENYA, TANZANIA AND UGANDA Researched Sarah Mount, CHRI and written by Edited by Rikky Minocha, CHRI; Yash Ghai for the Kenya chapter; and Caroline Kanyago, Emmanuel Mugisha and Patrick Tumwine for the Uganda chapter. Published by Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2014 i “We will not enjoy development without security, we will not enjoy security without development, and we will not enjoy either without respect for human rights.”1 Kofi Annan Former UN Secretary-General “Partly because of the waves of crime noted above which seemed out of control and the unsatisfactory state of affairs within the force the image and credibility of the police force to the public suffered. In particular, there was perception that corruption had entrenched itself within the Police Force. Without repairing that image policing would be diffi cult to carry out.”2 Tanzania Police Force Reform Programme “Efforts to monitor and reform policing so that it is carried out with respect for human rights do not mean being ‘soft’ on crime. Security policies only truly provide security if the rights of all – victims, the general public, police, and criminals – are respected. The violent police response to crime has done nothing to promote security.”3 Philip Alston Former UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions 1 Report of the UN Secretary-General, “In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All”, 2005. 2 Ministry of Home Affairs Tanzania Police Force, “Tanzania Police Force Reform Programme: Medium Term Strategy 2010/11 – 2014/15”, Draft, 4 May 2010, p. 13. 3 Philip Alston, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions: Addendum Mission To Kenya”, UN Doc A/HRC/11/2/Add.6, 26 May 2009, p. 12. ii | A FORCE FOR GOOD? – IMPROVING THE POLICE IN KENYA, TANZANIA AND UGANDA Foreword BY THE DIRECTOR OF KATIBA INSTITUTE KENYA CHAIR OF CHRI INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION Democratic police agencies are critical to the long-term security and development of Kenya and to our neighbours and partners in Tanzania and Uganda. For too long these agencies, which are vested with vast powers to protect the law and the people, have been misused by politicians and others in the pursuit of their own personal and illegitimate interests, and to subjugate the people to the will of the government in violation of the constitution. Coupled with a lack of oversight and accountability – which often results when the Executive wishes to “control” the police – the police agencies in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda suffer from signifi cant corruption, abuse of powers and poor leadership. To improve security and development, the police agencies must be reformed so that they can operate without political interference and in accordance with the law and prescribed procedures. Police agencies need to be given operational independence – the freedom to exercise professional judgement without ties to external infl uences – but within the confi nes Yashpal Ghai of the law and subject to civilian oversight and accountability. Such a Director of Katiba Institute Kenya democratic police force is necessary to provide security and safety, Chair of CHRI International Advisory which in turn provides the freedom for people to live, work, visit and Commission invest in the region. CHRI has worked since 2001 in East Africa to promote democratic policing. In 2006, CHRI published three ground-breaking reports on the status of policing in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, the fi rst of its kind in the region. CHRI also analysed the impact of the budget on police activities in Kenya and Uganda. Eight years on, this report
Load more

Recommended publications
  • POLICING REFORM in AFRICA Moving Towards a Rights-Based Approach in a Climate of Terrorism, Insurgency and Serious Violent Crime
    POLICING REFORM IN AFRICA Moving towards a rights-based approach in a climate of terrorism, insurgency and serious violent crime Edited by Etannibi E.O. Alemika, Mutuma Ruteere & Simon Howell POLICING REFORM IN AFRICA Moving towards a rights-based approach in a climate of terrorism, insurgency and serious violent crime Edited by Etannibi E.O. Alemika, University of Jos, Nigeria Mutuma Ruteere, UN Special Rapporteur, Kenya Simon Howell, APCOF, South Africa Acknowledgements This publication is funded by the Ford Foundation, the United Nations Development Programme, and the Open Societies Foundation. The findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect their positions or policies. Published by African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF) Copyright © APCOF, April 2018 ISBN 978-1-928332-33-6 African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF) Building 23b, Suite 16 The Waverley Business Park Wyecroft Road Mowbray, 7925 Cape Town, ZA Tel: +27 21 447 2415 Fax: +27 21 447 1691 Email: [email protected] Web: www.apcof.org.za Cover photo taken in Nyeri, Kenya © George Mulala/PictureNET Africa Contents Foreword iv About the editors v SECTION 1: OVERVIEW Chapter 1: Imperatives of and tensions within rights-based policing 3 Etannibi E. O. Alemika Chapter 2: The constraints of rights-based policing in Africa 14 Etannibi E.O. Alemika Chapter 3: Policing insurgency: Remembering apartheid 44 Elrena van der Spuy SECTION 2: COMMUNITY–POLICE NEXUS Chapter 4: Policing in the borderlands of Zimbabwe 63 Kudakwashe Chirambwi & Ronald Nare Chapter 5: Multiple counter-insurgency groups in north-eastern Nigeria 80 Benson Chinedu Olugbuo & Oluwole Samuel Ojewale SECTION 3: POLICING RESPONSES Chapter 6: Terrorism and rights protection in the Lake Chad basin 103 Amadou Koundy Chapter 7: Counter-terrorism and rights-based policing in East Africa 122 John Kamya Chapter 8: Boko Haram and rights-based policing in Cameroon 147 Polycarp Ngufor Forkum Chapter 9: Police organizational capacity and rights-based policing in Nigeria 163 Solomon E.
    [Show full text]
  • Mwazighe, Charles Lenjo Title Legal Responses to Terrorism: Case Study of the Republic of Kenya Publisher Monterey, Ca
    Author(s) Mwazighe, Charles Lenjo Title Legal responses to terrorism: case study of the Republic of Kenya Publisher Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School Issue Date 2012-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27876 This document was downloaded on October 10, 2013 at 15:48:27 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS LEGAL RESPONSES TO TERRORISM: CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA by Charles Lenjo Mwazighe December 2012 Thesis Co-Advisors: Thomas C. Bruneau Carolyn C. Halladay Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2012 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS LEGAL RESPONSES TO TERRORISM: CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA 6. AUTHOR(S) Charles Lenjo Mwazighe 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9.
    [Show full text]
  • National Police Service Badges of Rank and Insignia
    APPENDIX 31(gg): NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE BADGES OF RANK AND INSIGNIA S/NO RANK INSIGNIA DESCRIPTION Shoulder Badge : Crossed scimitar sword and swagger cane surrounded by a laurel wreath, surmounted by two lion badges. 1. Inspector General Gorget Patches: Red velvet, 4 cm wide and 9.5 cm long pointed at the top with one vertical row of three gold embroidered oak leaves (without acorn), small golden Service button 2 cm. from point of the patch. Cap Peak: Two rows of twisted oak leaf gold lace. Lanyard: National Police Service colours. Aiguillettes: Gold coloured aiguillettes when wearing cereminial dress. The name ‘National Police Service’ is inscribed at the base of the cloth badge. Shoulder Badge : Crossed scimitar sword and swagger cane surrounded by a laurel wreath, surmounted by a military pattern star and a lion badge. Gorget Patches:Black/maroon velvet, 4 cm wide and 9.5 cm long pointed at the top with one vertical row of three silver embroidered oak leaves 2. Deputy Inspector General (without acorn). A small silver/gold Service button 2 cm. from point of the patch. Cap Peak:Two rows of twisted oak leaf silver/golden lace. Lanyard: Respective Service colours. Aiguillettes: Silver/gold coloured aiguillettes when wearing cereminial dress. The name of the respective service is inscribed at the base of the cloth badge. 1 Shoulder Badge: A crossed scimitar sword and a swagger cane surrounded by a laurel wreath surmounted by a lion badge. Gorget Patches: Black/maroon velvet, 4cm wide and 9.5 cm long pointed 3. Senior Assistant Inspector at the top with one vertical row of three silver/golden embroided oak General leaves (without acorn).
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya 2020 OSAC Crime & Safety Report
    Kenya 2020 OSAC Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Kenya. For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s Kenya-specific page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Kenya at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution. Do Not Travel to: Kenya-Somalia border and some coastal areas due to terrorism. Areas of Turkana County due to crime. Reconsider Travel to: Nairobi neighborhoods of Eastleigh and Kibera at all times due to crime and kidnapping. Be especially careful when traveling after dark anywhere in Kenya due to crime. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. Overall Crime and Safety Situation Crime Threats The U.S. Department of State has assessed Nairobi as being a CRITICAL-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The greatest threats continue to be road safety and crime. Violent and sometimes fatal criminal attacks, including home invasions, burglaries, armed carjackings, and kidnappings can occur at any time and in any location. Criminals frequently use weapons during the commission of their crime. Most criminals rob victims of their possessions and release them unharmed, if they are completely cooperative.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Strategic Stakeholders' Engagement Influence on The
    Available at https://ajoeijournals.org/ STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT African Journal of Emerging Issues ISSN ONLINE: XXX-XXXX EFFECT OF STRATEGIC STAKEHOLDERS’ ENGAGEMENT INFLUENCE ON THE STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE ADMINISTRATION POLICE SERVICE 1*Ishaq Buya, 2Dr. Fridah Simba, 3Dr. Anwar Ahmed 1PhD Candidate, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2Lecturer, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 3Lecturer, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of strategic stakeholders engagement influence on the strategy implementation in the Administration police service in Kenya. Statement of the Problem: For organizations to achieve their goals and objectives, it is necessary for them to adjust to their environment through strategy. It is therefore imperative for the Police service to comprehend their resources and the forces that shape organizational competition. As a way of meeting these increasing demands, the police globally have embraced the issues of strategic stakeholders’ engagement. However, a significant number of strategic initiatives fail during their implementation since it has been recognized as the biggest challenge for organizations. Kenya’s Vision 2030 lays emphasis on security as crucial pillars for economic growth implying the police play a crucial role in creating the conditions in which development can take place. The Administration Police Service in trying to better its service delivery has so far drawn up three strategic plans with 2013-2017 being the current plan under implementation. 1 However, there has been little change in the structure, accountability and attitude of the police service to match these plans. Study Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive research design.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Force
    USE OF FORCE GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN BASIC PRINCIPLES ON THE USE OF FORCE AND FIREARMS BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS August 2015 Amnesty International Dutch Section Police and Human Rights Programme Amnesty International PO Box 1968 1000 BZ Amsterdam The Netherlands T (0031) (0)20-626 44 36 F (0031) (0)20-624 08 89 E [email protected] I www.amnesty.nl All rights reserved. This publication is copyright but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected]. Printed in the Netherlands ISBN 978-90-6463-368-3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS These Guidelines could not have been produced without the help of the many people who gave their time and expertisetoassistAmnestyInternationalinitspreparation. The main work was carried out by a project team of three people: Anja Bienert (drafting), Maggie Maloney and Sarah Masters (legal and equipment related input, editing and proof reading). Furthermore, Daniela Grosche carried out extensive research and established an impressive database of examples from various countries. Liana Rodrigues did an amazing amount of work in carrying out additional research, checking upon the validity of documents, and proof reading. Carline Westervelt supported the team in the most valuable manner in orga- nizationalandothermatters.
    [Show full text]
  • Toolkit on Police Integrity New Chapter 000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 2
    Toolkit_cover 2/22/12 6:30 PM Page 1 Toolkit www.dcaf.ch on Police Integrity new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 1 Toolkit on Police Integrity new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 2 DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in-country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. DCAF gratefully acknowledges the support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the production of the Toolkit. The views expressed are those of the authors alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or represented within this Toolkit. Cover pictures (top to bottom, left to right): © OSCE/Mikhail Evstafiev © 2007 Joi Ito. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license © Danish Police (politi.dk) © 2009 Beijing Patrol. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license © KEYSTONE/AP Photo/Schalk van Zuydam © UN Photo/Christopher Herwig ©DCAF, 2012 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-92-9222-190-4 Design, layout and printing: Valeur, Slovak Republic Published by DCAF (Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces) PO Box 1360 1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.dcaf.ch new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 3 Acknowledgements Pierre Aepli, Senior Police Advisor DCAF (until March 2011) initiated the project, developed the concept and coordinated the writing of the nine chapters of the toolkit.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring WASH and WRM Election Promises in Kenya
    Briefing Paper│ October 2019 About Watershed Monitoring WASH and WRM Election Promises in Kenya Watershed empowering citizens programme is a strategic partnership Executive Summary between the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, IRC, Simavi, Wetlands International and Akvo. During Election campaign periods in Kenya, aspiring leaders share manifestos to the electorate with the promises of Watershed aims at delivering what they intend to deliver once they are elected into improvements in the governance different positions. and management of water, sanitation and hygiene services as One of the major challenges has been the lack of a well as of the water resources on framework to monitor and track the progress of these which they draw. promises. For this reason, Watershed partners in Kenya led Watershed is implemented in Kenya, by KEWASNET and Akvo came together and developed a Uganda, Mali, Ghana, Bangladesh Water Resources Management (WRM) – Water Sanitation and India. The long-term objective of and Hygiene (WASH) Monitoring tool. Watershed is improved governance for WASH and IWRM so that all This was done using Akvo’s RSR (Really Simple Reporting) citizens, including the most result framework, to monitor promises made by governors marginalised, can benefit from sustainable services. in the focus counties (Laikipia and Kajiado), Nairobi, and the president of Kenya during last year's elections. This paper The immediate goal is to enhance presents the status reports. citizens’ ability to obtain information so that civil society organisations Introduction (CSOs) can advocate for change based on reliable, accurate data. On 22 February 2018, the Watershed team in Kenya comprising of KEWASNET, CESPAD, NIA and Akvo came together in Nakuru to design the result indicator framework for Kenya Watershed team to monitor WRM-WASH CONTACT: [email protected] promises made by governors and the president of Kenya during last year's elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Főnixmadár Afrika Szarván – Az As-Sabáb Tevékenysége 2015–2017
    FŐNIXMADÁR AFRIKA SZARVÁN – AZ AS-SABÁB TEVÉKENYSÉGE 2015–2017 Marsai Viktor Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Budapest FŐNIXMADÁR AFRIKA SZARVÁN – AZ AS-SABÁB TEVÉKENYSÉGE 2015–2017 Szerző: Marsai Viktor Lektorálta: Dr. Nagyné Rózsa Erzsébet A kézirat lezárásának dátuma: 2018. május 29. Kiadó: Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Közigazgatási Továbbképzési Intézet www.uni-nke.hu Felelős kiadó: Prof. Dr. Kis Norbert rektorhelyettes Címe: 1083 Budapest, Üllői út 82. A kiadvány a KÖFOP-2.1.2-VEKOP-15. „A jó kormányzást megalapozó közszolgálat-fejlesztés” című projekt keretében készült el és jelent meg. © Marsai Viktor, 2020 © Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Közigazgatási Továbbképzési Intézet, 2020 A mű szerzői jogilag védett. Minden jog, így különösen a sokszorosítás, terjesztés és fordítás joga fenntartva. A mű a kiadó írásbeli hozzájárulása nélkül részeiben sem reprodukálható, elektronikus rendszerek felhasználásával nem dolgozható fel, azokban nem tárolható, azokkal nem sokszorosítható és nem terjeszthető. TARTALOMJEGYZÉK Bevezetés 5 Főnixmadár a hamuból 7 Visszatérés a ,,bozótba” – Légo és következményei 13 2016 – az as-Sabáb dominanciájának éve 20 Befejezés 29 Bibliográfia 31 Függelék 46 „Szomáliában jelenleg három olyan szereplő van, amely működő közigazgatást tart fenn: Szomáliföld, Puntföld és az as-Sabáb.”1 BEVEZETÉS2 A szomáliai as-Sabáb3 kétségkívül napjaink egyik legadaptívabb és legpusztítóbb dzsihádista szervezete. Több mint egy évtizedes fennállásuk során – a jelenlegi szervezetet állítólag 2005 táján alapította néhány Afganisztánból hazatérő szomáliai harcos és kelet-afrikai al- Káida tag4 – a radikálisok uralták Mogadishu mellett csaknem teljes Közép- és Dél-Szomá- liát, ugyanakkor megtapasztalták a vereségeket és a pusztító amerikai dróntámadásokat is. Leszámítva a mag-al-Káidát, talán nincs olyan, a nemzetközi szereplők többsége által, terrorcsoportnak definiált szervezet, amelynek ennyi csúcs- és középvezetőjét likvidálták volna az elmúlt években.
    [Show full text]
  • Covid-19 Crackdowns Police Abuse and the Global Pandemic
    COVID-19 CRACKDOWNS POLICE ABUSE AND THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 10 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Cover photo: A police officer hangs a face mask over his gun at Toncontin Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. International Airport, in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, on March 12, 2020. © ORLANDO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode SIERRA/AFP/Getty Images For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ACT 30/3443/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 METHODOLOGY 5 2. INTRODUCTION 7 3. LAWS AND POLICIES VIOLATING INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND STANDARDS 9 4. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY THE POLICE 11 ARBITRARY ARRESTS AND DETENTION 11 CRACKDOWN ON CRITICISM OF PANDEMIC RESPONSE 13 UNLAWFUL USE OF FORCE 14 4.3.1 ENFORCING THE LOCKDOWN 14 4.3.2 POLICING OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES 16 VIOLATIONS RELATED TO SITUATIONS OF DETENTION 17 TORTURE AND OTHER ILL-TREATMENT 18 ILLEGAL EXPULSION OF REFUGEES AND MIGRANT WORKERS 19 FORCED EVICTIONS 19 5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficacy of Police Interventions Towards Resolution of Conflicts Within the Illemi Triangle
    Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.7, No.27, 2016 The Efficacy of Police Interventions towards Resolution of Conflicts within the Illemi Triangle Joseph Mele 1, Pontian Okoth 1, Edmond Were 1 and Silvia Vundi 2* 1Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, P.O. Box 190-50100 KAKAMEGA 2Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Department of Educational Foundations, P.O. Box 190 – 50100 KAKAMEGA ABSTRACT Intervention of security agencies is considered key to lasting peace. This is especially crucial to attaining peace in communities where socio-cultural beliefs advocate for revege. The study sought to examine the efficacy of police interventions towards resolution of conflicts within the Illemi Triangle. The study adopted neo-realism and conflict theories, while employing exploratory research design. The target population included all the households in Kibish sub-county (Kenyan), Narus and Mogos in South Sudan. A stratified random sample of 432 household heads and 30 key informants was selected from the three administrative units. Data collection tools used included household survey interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in depth interviews. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study established that the communities within the Illemi Triangle rarely sought police interventions during their conflicts. They instead armed themselves with varied weapons to fight each other. The study concludes that failure to entrust security agencies with ensuring peace within the Illemi Triangle has played a great part to exacerbate the current conflicts in the Triangle. The findings of this study are of great significance to the governments of the two states in addressing the complexities occasioned by the disputed territorial boundaries affecting conflict management among the communities along the borders of the two states.
    [Show full text]
  • INSULT to INJURY the 2014 Lamu and Tana River Attacks and Kenya’S Abusive Response
    INSULT TO INJURY The 2014 Lamu and Tana River Attacks and Kenya’s Abusive Response HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH hrw.org www.khrc.or.ke Insult to Injury The 2014 Lamu and Tana River Attacks and Kenya’s Abusive Response Copyright © 2015 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-32446 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2015 978-1-6231-32446 Insult to Injury The 2014 Lamu and Tana River Attacks and Kenya’s Abusive Response Map of Kenya and Coast Region ........................................................................................ i Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]