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275 1. Medieval Bosnian State the Very First Inhabitants of the Bosnia
KURT 3EHAJI 3 Suad - State-legal vertical Bosnia and Herzegovina STATE -LEGAL VERTICAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Assistant Professor Ph. D. Suad KURT 3EHAJI 3 The University of Political Sciences in Sarajevo Summary Bosnia and Herzegovina has millennial existence. Bosnia was first mentioned in second half of the tenth century in the work of the Byzantine emperor and writer Constantin Porfirogenet „De administrando imperio“. The Charter of Kulin Ban as of 29 August 1189 is undisputed evidence that Bosnia was an independent State. During the domination of Tvrtko I Kotromanic in 1377, Bosnia was transformed into the kingdom and became the most powerful country in the Balkans. During 1463 Bosnia was ruled by the Ottoman Empire but retained certain features of political identification, first as the Bosnian province since 1580, and afterwards as the Bosnian Vilayet since 1965. After Austro-Hungarian having arrived, Bosnia became Corpus separatum. In the Kingdom of SHS, borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina complied with the internal regionalization of the country until 1929. During the Second World War, at the First Assembly of ZAVNOBiH in Mrkonjic Grad on 25th November 1943, Bosnian sovereignty within the Yugoslav Federation was renewed. After the Yugoslav crisis, which culminated in 1991 and 1992, Yugoslavia is in dissolution and peoples and citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the referendum on 29 February and 1 March 1992 voted for independence. The protagonists of greater Serbs policy could not accept such solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina and that was followed by aggression, which, after three and a half years ended by painful compromises contained in the Dayton Peace Agreement. -
Democratic Republic of Congo: Road to Political Transition
1 Democratic Republic of Congo: Road to Political Transition Dieudonné Tshiyoyo* Programme Officer Electoral and Political Processes (EPP) EISA Demographics With a total land area of 2 344 885 square kilometres that straddles the equator, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the third largest country in Africa after Sudan and Algeria. It is situated right at the heart of the African continent. It shares borders by nine countries, namely Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Its population is estimated at 60 millions inhabitants and is made up of as many as 250 ethno-linguistic groups. The whole country is drained by the Congo River and its many tributaries. The second longest river in Africa and fifth longest in the world, the Congo River is second in the world after the Amazon with regard to hydroelectric potential. Brief Historical Background Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, the DRC was initially known as the ‘Congo Free State’ when it was formally attributed to King Leopold II at the Berlin Conference of 1885. In fact, in 1879 King Leopold II of Belgium commissioned Henry Morton Stanley to establish his authority over the Congo basin in order to control strategic trade routes to the West and Central Africa along the Congo River. Stanley did so by getting over 400 local chiefs to sign “treaties” transferring land ownership to the Association Internationale du Congo (AIC), a trust company belonging to Leopold II. On 30 April 1885 the King signed a decree creating the ‘Congo Free State’, thus establishing firm control over the enormous territory. -
RE-IMAGINING YUGOSLAVIA Learning and Living with Diverse Cultural Identities
RE-IMAGINING YUGOSLAVIA Learning and Living with Diverse Cultural Identities by Radoslav Draskovic A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Department of Theory and Policy Studies in Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto ©Copyright by Radoslav Draskovic 2010. RE-IMAGINING YUGOSLAVIA Learning and Living with Diverse Cultural Identities Radoslav Draskovic Master of Arts, 2010 Department of Theory and Policy Studies in Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto Abstract of Thesis: This thesis uses the example of Yugoslavia-the land of the South Slavs (also known as the Balkans) - to study how the twists and turns of historical evolution have been reflected in communal understanding of that history. Key words: imagined communities, nation-state, historical memory, the study of history. ii Acknowledgments: The great Mahatma Gandhi once said: “Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it”. I found that this sentence appropriately describes every human endeavor including the road I have chosen for the last three years of my life. This thesis marks the conclusion of a deeply personal journey as well as a great learning experience that I had at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at University of Toronto At the end of this trip, before anyone else, I would like to thank my professors Harold Troper and David Levine who have taught me a great deal during the course of my studies, with their views, knowledge and advice. I am especially grateful to my mentor, Professor David Levine, for his intellectual guidance, patience and understanding of all the challenges that I met during the course of my study and while writing this thesis. -
Diasporas of Art: History, the Tervuren Royal Museum for Central Africa, and the Politics of Memory in Belgium, 1885–2014
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Diasporas of art: History, the Tervuren Royal Museum for Central Africa, and the politics of memory in Belgium, 1885–2014 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s25675m Journal Journal of Modern History, 87(3) ISSN 0022-2801 Author Silverman, DL Publication Date 2015 DOI 10.1086/682912 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Diasporas of Art: History, the Tervuren Royal Museum for Central Africa, and the Politics of Memory in Belgium, 1885–2014 Author(s): Debora L. Silverman Source: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 87, No. 3 (September 2015), pp. 615-667 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/682912 . Accessed: 01/10/2015 20:48 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Modern History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 164.67.16.55 on Thu, 1 Oct 2015 20:48:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Contemporary Issues in Historical Perspective Diasporas of Art: History, the Tervuren Royal Museum for Central Africa, and the Politics of Memory in Belgium, 1885–2014* Debora L. -
Society and Organizational Culture and Leadership Expectations in Bosnia
Society and organizational culture and leadership expectations in Bosnia and Herzegovina Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) an der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultat der Technischen Universitat Chemnitz vorgelegt von Danijela Bogdanić, M.Sc. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Rainhart Lang, Technische Universität Chemnitz Prof. Dr. Dieter Wagner, Universität Potsdam Chemnitz, den 19.11.2012 Available on: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-108385 Acknowledgements It has been a great privilege and honour to work with my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Rainhart Lang, over the last four years. I would like to thank him for all his encouragement, guidance and constant support. I am extremely thankful to Prof. Dr. Dieter Wagner for his supervision and guidance. I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who helped me with the proof-reading and provided technical assistance. This research was generously supported by the scholarships from the International Office of the Chemnitz University of Technology and DAAD. I will be eternally grateful to them for making it possible for me to spend four wonderful years in Chemnitz. I owe a lot to many friends I have made during my time at Chemnitz University of Technology. Their incredible belief in my capacities inspired me all these years. Lastly, and most importantly, I am indebted to my family for all their support and understanding throughout my education. I would not have reached this point without their help. i Table of Contents Acknowledgements -
Those in Between: Princely Families on the Margins of the Great Powers Jonathan Spangler (Final Version, October 2008)
Those In Between: Princely Families on the Margins of the Great Powers Jonathan Spangler (Final version, October 2008) “To a gentleman, any country is a homeland.” --Cardinal Jules Mazarin (Giulio Mazzarino)1 “We are looked upon as the last of the Gauls or as the first of the Germans. We are neither Gauls nor Germans; we belong at once to both of them.” -- from an eleventh-century necrology, Saint-Lambert de Liège2 Strasbourg, 1827—After having resided peaceably in this city since his Alsatian estates were restored to him by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Prince of Salm-Salm was required to leave France by the new Conservative Catholic Royalist government. His crime? He had declared his intention to convert to Protestantism. The issue at stake, however, was whether or not the formerly sovereign prince was to be considered an alien or a citizen and thus subject to French law. In his defense, the prince produced example after example of his ancestors’ and his own service to the French crown in the preceding centuries. His uncle was a French field marshal who had raised troops from Alsace for Louis XV at his own expense, and his younger brother had worked to keep the northeast frontier loyal to Louis XVI as bishop of Tournai.3 But examples could be provided in equal numbers of his ancestors’ service to the Empire. His own father, the French field marshal’s brother, had been an Austrian field marshal and governor of Luxembourg.4 Two brothers, two careers; one French, one Austrian. For a princely family hailing from the borderlands between France and the Empire, this scenario was entirely commonplace, a standard family practice for survival between larger powers. -
How Generations Remember Conflicting Histories and Shared Memories in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina
GLOBAL DIVERSITIES How Generations Remember Conflicting Histories and Shared Memories in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina MONIKA PALMBERGER Global Diversities Series Editors Steven Vertovec Department of Socio-Cultural Diversity Max Planck Institute Göttingen , Germany Peter van der Veer Department of Religious Diversity Max Planck Institute Göttingen , Germany Ayelet Shachar Ethics, Law, and Politics Max Planck Institute Göttingen , Germany Aims of the Series Over the past decade, the concept of ‘diversity’ has gained a leading place in academic thought, business practice, politics and public policy across the world. However, local conditions and meanings of ‘diversity’ are highly dissimilar and changing. For these reasons, deeper and more com- parative understandings of pertinent concepts, processes and phenomena are in great demand. Th is series will examine multiple forms and con- fi gurations of diversity, how these have been conceived, imagined, and represented, how they have been or could be regulated or governed, how diff erent processes of inter-ethnic or inter-religious encounter unfold, how confl icts arise and how political solutions are negotiated and prac- tised, and what truly convivial societies might actually look like. By com- paratively examining a range of conditions, processes and cases revealing the contemporary meanings and dynamics of ‘diversity’, this series will be a key resource for students and professional social scientists. It will repre- sent a landmark within a fi eld that has become, and will continue to be, one of the foremost topics of global concern throughout the twenty-fi rst century. Refl ecting this multi-disciplinary fi eld, the series will include works from Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, Law, Geography and Religious Studies. -
European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917…1957
EUROPEAN ELITES AND IDEAS OF EMPIRE, 1917–1957 Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integra- tion in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917–1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg, and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova’s book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe’s future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent’s future horizons retained the con- tours of phantom empires. This title is available as Open Access at 10.1017/9781316343050. dina gusejnova is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Sheffield. new studies in european history Edited by peter baldwin, University of California, Los Angeles christopher clark, University of Cambridge james b. collins, Georgetown University mia rodriguez-salgado, London School of Economics and Political Science lyndal roper, University of Oxford timothy snyder, Yale University The aim of this series in early modern and modern European history is to publish outstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a wide geographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia and Russia, from the time of the Renaissance to the present. As it develops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range and intellectual ambition. -
Metropolitan Regions Working Paper, Second Edition
Metropolitan Regions Working Paper, Second Edition Metropolitan Regions Working Paper, Second Edition Regiones Metropolitanas Documento de Trabajo, Segunda Edición Régions Métropolitaines Document de Travail, Seconde Édition Project Leaders Josep Roig, Montserrat Pallarès and Christine Piquemal Authors: Pere Picorelli, Gabriel Barros, Mariona Tomas, Coralie Molle Translations: Lynda Trevitt and Discobole Metropolis Ajuntament de Barcelona Calle Avinyó, 15 08002 Barcelona (España) [email protected] www.metropolis.org Edition, April 2009 Graphic designer: Dario Grossi Printed: Fotograbados IgualCiriano, Servicios Gráficos SUMMARY 15 Presentation 51 Europa 52 Moscow 16 Methodological Introduction 53 Istanbul 54 Ile-de-France Region-Paris 17 Metropolitan Regions 55 London of the World 56 Dortmund-Essen-Duisburg 57 Madrid 14 A World of Metropolises 58 Barcelona 59 St. Petersburg 17 North America 60 Frankfurt 18 New York 61 Ankara 19 Mexico City 62 Berlin 20 Los Angeles 63 Rome 21 Chicago 64 Athens 22 Miami 65 Milan 23 Philadelphia 66 Stuttgart 24 Toronto 67 Manchester 25 Dallas-Fort Worth 68 Brussels 26 Atlanta 69 Warsaw 27 Boston 70 Munich 28 Houston 71 Stockholm 29 Washington, D.C. 30 Guadalajara 73 Asia/Oceania 31 Detroit 74 Tokyo 32 Monterrey 75 Mumbai 33 Montreal 76 Delhi 34 San Francisco 77 Shanghai 35 Seattle 78 Kolkata 36 Havana 79 Dhaka 80 Karachi 37 South America 81 Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto 38 São Paulo 82 Beijing 39 Buenos Aires 83 Manila 40 Rio de Janeiro 84 Seoul 41 Lima 85 Jakarta 42 Santiago 86 Guangzhou 43 Belo Horizonte 87 Teheran 44 Porto Alegre 88 Hong Kong 89 Tianjin 45 Africa 90 Bangkok 46 Cairo 91 Ho Chi Ming City 47 Lagos 92 Singapore 48 Abidjan 93 Hanoi 49 Johannesburg 94 Sydney 95 Melbourne 97 Translations 3 PRESENTATION METROPOLIS presents, with this working document, the second edition (complete version) of its research project involv- ing the world’s major metropolitan regions. -
The Roots of Genocide: Three Distinct Histriographies……………………………...……………....11
CASE STUDIES IN POST WORLD WAR II GENOCIDE: ROOTS OR REGIMES? THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University‐San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of SCIENCE by Robert Justin Jones, B.S. San Marcos, Texas May 2010 CASE STUDIES IN POST WORLD WAR II GENOCIDE: ROOTS OR REGIMES? Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Robert F Gorman, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth L Grasso ______________________________ Arnold Leder Approved: ___________________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College For Richard E. Jones ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my wife Kristen for her support and encouragement throughout this long process. Also, I would like to give a very special thanks to my parents and grandparents for allowing me to travel down this path. You will all always be in my heart. Secondly this work would not have been possible without the generous help and time of my thesis committee, which was made up of Dr. Robert Gorman, Dr. Kenneth Grasso and Dr. Arnold Leder. It has been a pleasure to work with you from start to finish and for your patience, I am eternally grateful. Finally, I would like to extend a special thanks to Dodie Weidner in the Texas State University-San Marcos Political Science office, for helping me meet all of my deadlines during the thesis submission process. This manuscript was submitted on August 28, 2009. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………...………………………………………..……..…iv INTRODUCTION………………………………………………...……………...……....1 PART I: THE ROOTS OF GENOCIDE: THREE DISTINCT HISTRIOGRAPHIES……………………………...……………....11 CHAPTER 1: CAMBODIA…………………………………………………………....................12 From Antiquity through the Polity of Funan…………………………………….………………………….….12 The Rise and Decline of Angkor…………………………………………….......16 The French Protectorate………………………………….……………………....28 Independence, Civil War and the U.S. -
Mystifying the Monarch
omslag Monarch 31-10-2006 11:04 Pagina 1 Mystifying the Monarch The monarchy: no other political institution proved to be so durable and flexible through its age-long history. Despite the modernization, seculari- zation, and bureaucratization of power, the affective, archaic, and almost timeless relationship between sovereigns and their ‘subjects’ still prevails in several countries. Though troubled by the many recent scandals of their royals, many courts continue to perceive that the perennial maxim ‘the King can do no wrong’ has lost none of its strength. Yet the staging and sacralization of the monarchy in Western Europe have always been interwoven with practices of subversion and banalization. The different discourses aiming at the symbolic construction of royal power can not be studied without considering at the same time the popular appropriation of the official rhetoric. Hence, this collection of essays does not propose a strictly linear narrative from medieval sacralization to postmodern demystification of kingship. Choosing the perspective of the long run between the twelfth and the first half of the twentieth century, it clearly shows how the mystification and demystification of the monarch have always been two sides of the same coin. The contributors are Alain Boureau, Gita Deneckere, Jeroen Deploige, Lisa Jane Graham, Maria Grever, Marc Jacobs, Gilles Lecuppre, Elodie DENECKERE GITA JEROEN DEPLOIGE Lecuppre-Desjardin, Jürgen Pieters, Alexander Roose, Kevin Sharpe, Henk te Velde, Maarten Van Ginderachter, and Jaap van Osta. JEROEN DEPLOIGE The editors are Jeroen Deploige (Associate Professor of Medieval Cultural GITA DENECKERE [ EDS.] History, Ghent University) and Gita Deneckere (Associate Professor of Modern History, Ghent University). -
Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 1 Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors Tor Sellstrom Lennart Wohlgemuth The Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala, Sweden with contributions by Patrick Dupont Karin Andersson Schiebe Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda Contents Preface Introduction and Summary Chapter 1: Country Brief The physical setting Demographic and social features The land question The position of women The economy Chapter 2: Pre-Colonial Period Patronlclient relationships Ethnicity in pre-colonial Rwanda Chapter 3: Colonial Period and Independence The colonial era Transition to independence The events of 1959-62: reversal and confrontation The Second Republic Chapter 4: Towards Crisis in Rwanda 1990-1994 General outline: main actorslmain factors Evolution of the conflict Chapter 5: April 1994 and its Aftermath The genocide Churches The civil war The role of the international community The refugees Rwanda after the war The internal political situation Annex 1: Rwanda in the Region The Banyarwanda Rwanda and regional organizations Rwanda and Burundi in crisis: comparative and regional perspective The national dialogue in Burundi: a way towards conflict resolution? Annex 2: Arming Rwanda Rwanda government Rwandese Patriotic Front International peacekeeping Appendix 1: Tables: Economic Indicators Appendix 2: Chronology Appendix 3: Annotated Bibliography Pre-colonial period Colonial periodfindependence 1990- 1994 April 1994 and after Bibliography Appendix 4: Interviews and Meetings Appendix 5: List of Abbreviations Preface Within a period of three months in 1994, an estimated five to eight hundred thousand people were killed as a result of civil war and genocide in Rwanda. Large numbers were physically and psycho- logically afflicted for life through maiming, rape and other trauma; over two million fled to neigh- bouring countries and maybe half as many became internally displaced within Rwanda.