Online Version ISSN: 1314-412X Volume 4 , Number 3 September 2012
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2012
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, pp 288 - 290, 2012
Investigation on the effect of the environment on some new common winter wheat varieties
E. Penchev1*, K. Kostov1, I. Stoeva1, V. Dochev2
1 Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, 9520 General Toshevo, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Agricultural and Seed Science “Obraztsov Chiflik Rousse“, 1 Prof. Ivan Ivanov, 7007 Rousse, Bulgaria
Abstract. The effect of the environment on a group of new Bulgarian varieties was investigated in three different locations for a period of 5 years. AMMI models were applied. The dispersion analysis carried out proved the different genetic potentials of the investigated varieties with regard to their ecological plasticity and stability. Varieties Kristi, Antonovka, Enola and Venka demonstrated highest plasticity and stability of their productivity.
Keywords: winter wheat , ecological plasticity, stability , AMMI models
Introduction Material and methods
The changeable ecological conditions have strong effect on Eleven Bulgarian winter wheat varieties were investigated for wheat productivity and quality. Therefore the agricultural ecological plasticity and stability in a randomized balanced block investigations are directed towards to study on the genotype x design trial in four replications at three different locations (General environment interaction (Abamu et al., 1998). The estimation of the Toshevo and Obraztsov Chiflik – Ruse in north-east Bulgaria and ecological plasticity and stability of the varieties is very important not Sadovo in the southern part of the country) during 2005 – 2009. only for the breeding science but also for the practice . In this The new varieties Kristi, Antonovka, Karina, Demetra, Ana, process are different models applied as multiplicative model for Antitsa and Venka were tested together with cultivars Enola, multi-environment cultivar trials (Cornelius and Crossa, 1999) , Pryaspa and Sadovo 1, which are well established in the practice. linear regression models (Nachit et al., 1983 ) and nonreplicated The indices yield, 1000 kernel weight, number of productive experiments (Milliken and Johnson, 1989) . tillers per m2, grain weight per spike, number of days to heading from In this investigation AMMI (Sabaghni et al., 2008; Dias and 1st April, number of grains per spike and plant height were analyzed. Krzanowski, 2003) models were applied to clarify the response of a The indices were measured on 10 random plants. The regression group of new common winter wheat varieties under changeable coefficients, the mean stability and the varietal adaptability to environments. changeable environments were evaluated. Data were processed with SPSS 17.0 and Biostat 6.0 (Lee, 2004).
Table 1. Mean yields from the investigated varieties Code Name of varieties Yield (t/ha) Origin 1 Kristi 5.62 DAI – General Toshevo 2 Antonovka 5.41 DAI – General Toshevo 3 Karina 4.85 DAI – General Toshevo 4 Korona 4.73 DAI – General Toshevo 5 Demetra 4.23 DAI – General Toshevo 6 Anna 4.12 DAI – General Toshevo 7 Antitsa 4.02 DAI – General Toshevo 8 Venka – registered in 2009 5.14 Obraztsov Chiflik - Ruse 9 Enola – a cultivar of wide distribution in Bulgaria 5.02 DAI – General Toshevo 10 Pryaspa - first check 5.11 DAI – General Toshevo 11 Sadovo 1 – second check 4.98 Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo Max 5.92 Min 3.15 Mean 4.83
* e-mail: [email protected]
288 Results and discussion hypothesis the different genetic potential of the investigated group of varieties, the different climatic conditions of testing and the genotype Table 1 presents the results on the obtained yields averaged for x environment interaction proved to be significant. the period of investigation and the region. The yield from the 11 The results from Table 3 show that genotypes with codes 9 varieties grown at three different locations varied from 5.92 t/ha to (Enola), 2 (Antonovka), 1 (Kristi) and 8 (Venka) are the genotypes 3.15 t/ha (Table 1). Cultivars Kristi, Antonovka, Venka and Pryaspa with highest ecological plasticity and stability because their values demonstrated high productivity during the period of investigation. are lower than 0.3 according to the statistical criterion ASV. These Table 2 presents the results from the performed dispersion varieties also demonstrated the highest yields; therefore the analysis showing that at probability level р = 0.001 of the alternative conclusion can be made that they are highly adaptable. The regression coefficient b and the evaluation of the dispersion
Table 2. Dispersion analysis of the yield from the investigated varieties Source df SS MS Explained (%) Genotypes 11 447.6156 40.6923 *** 65.74 Environment 3 5.4654 1.8218 *** 7.59 Genotype x Environment 33 6.9794 0.2114 ** 18.32 AMMI I 13 9.6453 0.7419 ** 23.69 AMMI II 11 5.4775 0.4979 ** 14.21 Error 118 7.237 0.06 Total 165 488.7532
** statistical significance by p<0.01 ,*** statistical significance by p<0.001
Table 3. Ranks and evaluation of the investigated varieties for ecological plasticity and stability ASV stability S2 Regression coefficient Reliability index Mean yield Rank Genotype ASV Genotype S2 Genotype b Genotype I Genotype Yield 1 1 0.143 9 0.721 9 0.695* 1 2.432 1 5.62 2 9 0.195 2 0.789 2 0.698* 9 2.213 2 5.41 3 2 0.212 8 0.795 1 0.754* 2 1.945 8 5.14 4 8 0.287 1 0.829 8 0.765* 11 1.929 10 5.11 5 10 0.308 3 0.949 3 0.789 8 1.896 9 5.02 6 11 0.452 11 0.957 10 0.821 10 1.854 11 4.98 7 3 0.533 10 0.992 11 0.834 3 1.805 3 4.85 8 4 0.622 5 1.193 5 0.954 5 1.725 4 4.73 9 6 0.785 4 1.215 7 0.995 4 1.664 5 4.23 10 5 0.992 6 1.467 4 1.110 6 1.525 6 4.12 11 7 1.267 7 1.825 6 1.154 7 1.332 7 4.07
* - indicates coefficients significantly different from the overall regression coefficient which is 1.0.
Table 4. Dispersion analysis on the investigated productivity components Source of variation Genotype (G) Environment (E) G x E interaction Heterogeneity GY 625.4 *** 822.2*** 344.2 ** 218.7 ** PT 82.1 *** 42.7 ** 31.7 ** 19.6 * TKW 277.3 *** 182.1 *** 133.7 ** 95.6 ** WGS 102.6 *** 125.1 *** 88.4 ** 53.1 ** NGS 56.4*** 62.2 *** 36.1** 27.7 ** NDH 36.8 *** 30.4 *** 20.2 ** 14.4 PH 144.3 *** 101.9 *** 88.2 ** 76.7 **
* statistical significance by p<0.05 , ** statistical significance by p<0.01 ,*** statistical significance by p<0.001 GY – yield per ha; PT – number of productive tillers per m2; TKW – 1000 kernel weight; WGS – weight of grain per spike ; NGS – number of grains per spike; NDH – number of days to heading (from 1st April ) ; PH - plant height.
289 confirmed this conclusion. The above cultivars proved to be stable in rice reaction to blast disease in Africa. International Journal of Pest by the index productivity under changeable environments. Management, 239-245. Table 4 gives the results from the dispersion analysis on the Cornelius PL and Crossa J, 1999. Prediction assessment of main components of productivity. The applied F criterion proved the shrinkage estimators of multiplicative model for multi-environment differences in the genetic potential of the investigated varieties for cultivar trials. Crop Science, 39, 998-1009. these indices and the effect of the environment on them, as well as Dias CTS and Krzanowski WJ, 2003.Model selection and the genotype x environment interaction. crossvalidation in additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models. Crop Science, 43, 865-873. Conclusion Nachit MM, Nachit G, Ketata H, Gauch HG and Zobel RW, 1983 Use of AMMI and linear regression models to analyze genotype- environment interaction in durum wheat. TAG Theoretical and According to the applied AMMI models, the investigated Applied Genetics , 5, 597- 601. varieties differed by their ecological plasticity and stability for the Lee Eun-Joo, 2004. Statistical Analysis Software for Multiplicative index productivity. Highest ecological plasticity and stability was Interaction Models. Thesis for PhD, Kansas State University, demonstrated by varieties Kristi, Antonovka, Enola and Venka. Kansas, USA. Milliken GA and Johnson DE, 1989. Analysis of Messy Data, References 2.Nonreplicated Experiments (2nd ed.). New York: Chapman & Hall. Sabaghni N, Sabaghpour S and Dehghani H, 2008. The use of an Abamu FJ, Akinsola EA and Alluri K, 1998. Applying the AMMI AMMI model and its parameters to analyse yield stability in multi- models to understand genotype-by-environment (GE) interactions environment trials. Journal of Agricultural Science, 571-581.
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, 2012 CONTENTS 1 / 3
Genetics and Breeding
Genetic polymorphism of the melatonin receptor MT1 gene in four Bulgarian sheep breeds 187 D. Hristova, S. Georgieva, Ts. Yablanski, S. Tanchev, R. Slavov, G. Bonev
Biochemical investigations on sunflower lines (Helianthus annuus L.) and their hybrid combinations 193 N. Nenova, E. Penchev, M. Drumeva
Development and testing of experimental sunflower hybrids obtained by using doubled haploid lines 196 M. Drumeva
Stability of productiveness and technological qualities of diploid and triploid sugar beet varieties and 201 hybrids G. Kikindonov
Morphometric characteristic of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) related to sex dimorphism 203 I. Sirakov, Y. Staykov, E. Ivancheva, G. Nikolov, A. Atanasov
Correlations between grain yield and yield related traits in barley mutant lines 208 B. Dyulgerova
Nutrition and Physiology
Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in calves after single subcutaneous application 211 D. Dimitrova, P. Petkov, D. Tsoneva
Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in pigs after single intramuscular application 215 D. Dimitrova, V. Katsarov, D. Tsoneva
Age-related morphometric and weight parameters of third-eyelid (Harderian) gland in common bronze 220 turkeys (Meleagris meleagris gallopavo) D. Dimitrov
Effect of dried distillers' grains with solubles from corn (ddgscc) fed on fattening lambs 223 M. Yossifov, L. Kozelov, K. Dimov
Research on the stimulating effect of Tribulus terrestris on the oviparous activity of the queen bees 228 I. Hristakov
Ethological parameters as markers of sheep welfare 234 І. Varlyakov, T. Slavov
Effect of dietary supplementation of dried distillers grains with solubles (Zarnela) on some rumen 241 fermentation parameters in yearling sheep V. Radev
Production Systems
Performance of three commercial hybrid layers housed in conventional and enriched cage systems 246 H. Lukanov, D. Alexieva AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, 2012 CONTENTS 2 / 3
The evolution and current situation of sheep breeding in Romania 250 I. Răducuţă
Effect of soil compaction on nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 253 G. Milev, P. Yankov
Effect of biostimulator Aveikan on growth manifestations yield and phytosanitary status in leek 256 variety Starozagorski 72 S. Masheva, N. Valchev, V. Yankova
Influence of mineral fertilization on the harmful soil acidity and chemical composition of wine grape 260 varieties V. Valcheva, K. Trendafilov, S. Todorova
Studying the effect of irrigation furrows in maize grain 265 A. Stoyanova, M. Georgiev, L. Plescuta
Chemical composition, nutritive value, energy yield and feed units of the winter pea grain grown after 271 different predecessors using conventional and organic production M. Gerdgikova, M. Videva, D. Pavlov, A. Dobreva
Agriculture and Environment
Assessment of the physical-chemical status of surface water in lower part of Toundja river, Bulgaria 277 G. Mihaylova, G. Kostadinova, G. Petkov
Change of some chemical properties of alluvial-meadow soil (Mollic fluvisol) after long term 285 fertilization S. Todorova, N. Simeonova, K. Trendafilov, V. Valcheva
Investigation on the effect of the environment on some new common winter wheat varieties 288 E. Penchev, K. Kostov, I. Stoeva, V. Dochev
Chemometrical analyses of Zn distribution between water and soil of dams in Chirpan Municipality, 291 Bulgaria N. Georgieva, Z. Yaneva, M. Todorova, R. Ivanova, N. Nizamov, P. Neicheva
Comparative ecological analysis of the types of pasture and swards in Sakar and Strandzha region 298 V. Vateva, K. Stoeva
Product Quality and Safety
Physico-chemical quality characteristics of royal jelly from three regions of Bulgaria 302 R. Balkanska, I. Zhelyazkova, M. Ignatova
Microscopic method for qualification of the cut surface of white brined cheese 306 P. Boyanova, P. Panayotov, V. Ganchovska, A. Bosakova – Ardenska
Characterization of enzyme with carboxymethyl cellulase activity produced by Trichoderma reesei 311 NRRL 3652 B. Zhekova, G. Dobrev, V. Dobreva, M. Hadjikinova AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, 2012 CONTENTS 3 / 3
Investigations on production traits of mulard ducks with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis 315 I. Valchev, N. Grozeva, L. Lazarov, D. Kanakov, Ts. Hristov, R. Binev, Y. Nikolov
Study on levels of some heavy metals in water and liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from waterbodies 321 in Stara Zagora region, Bulgaria V. Atanasov, E. Valkova, G. Kostadinova, G. Petkov, N. Georgieva, Ts. Yablanski, G.Nikolov
Comparative electronmicroscopical study of the enterocytes of the duodenum of the Japanese quail 328 (Coturnix japonica) and the wild type (Coturnix coturnix) R. Mihaylov, R. Dimitrov, V. Yordanova
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