Micro Level Evaluation of Water Resources in Parts of Ysr District,Andhra Pradesh, India, Using Remote Sensing and Gis
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International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com MICRO LEVEL EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN PARTS OF YSR DISTRICT,ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA, USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS. G.Sudarsana Raju, Assistant professor,Dept. of Geology ,Yogivemana university ,Kadapa.-03 Email: [email protected]. Abstract intersection of 140 19’ 30” North latitude and 780 28’ 30” Microlevel evaluation of water resources in parts of East longitude and 140 33’ 30” North latitude and 780 42’ YSRdistrict mainly Pendlimarri area has been chosen for the 00” East longitude, situated in the Kadapa district. The study of the ground water conditions in detail as it has diverse location of the Pendlimarri mandal with reference to the lithology and drained by the river Papagni. The carbonates, Kadapa district and Andhra Pradesh is given. (Fig. 1). mainly dolomite can develop good aquifer conditions. The BASE MAP OF PENDLIMARRI MANDAL N 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilo m eter s W E VA LLU Scal e : 1 : 12 5,00 0 R S L MA A ND D AL KOTH APET A N # A LEGEND M M A cherts being brittle can have fractures that help in the R U # BIND U RAO PALLE P BASE MAP INFORMATION A L # MAC H ANU R A EGU VA PALLE M # SE TTLE ME NT A # Diguvapalle K R # # Chottapalle E Mamm adusiddapalle V # I # R # Aretipalle DISTRIC T B OUNDARY I CH ABALI KON AYAPALLE #Jangamreddipalle N # G A Rampatadu P MANDAL BOUNDARY A # MO ILLAKA LA VA L P # Rallapalle Atidenavaripalle A # VILLAGE BOUN DAR Y infiltration. The shale component though is generally D TU MM ALU R N # # Ayyavaripalle A SAN GATIPALLE Kondayapalle MAJOR ROAD # M # Goparajupalle # Gangulapalle # E # # Gandlapalle Srinivas# apuram RAMAPUR AM & MITTAM EED AP L #A.RAM AC HAN DRAPU RAM L Kottasani Kottapalle OTHE R ROAD # Enuguvandlapalle A CHEN NAMR AJU PALLE # # # # # Havaldarpeta KON DU R U # Mallayapalle P # # # Karapureddipalle Gopalpuram I MallappapalleErlapadu N # # Kondareddipalle U PAGAD ALA PALLE VELLA TU R RIVE R # # Nagayapalle # Y # Dechutulapalle # Marrimakulapalle # Shivashankarapuram A Giriyapalle # GAN GAN APALLE N # U PEND LIM ARR I considered as an aquifuge has good potentialities in respect of P # TH IPPIR EDD IPALLE L A CH EEM ALAPEN TA # Alukhanpalle R # # A Cherlopalle # # Venkataramannapalle E D E CH IN NAD ASAR I PALLE V N # Pesalavaripalle A # # Gurralachintalapalle Rasavaripalle M E # Minnayagaripalle N N Balayyagaripalle I # # Tipparajupalle D # Nallayagaripalle # A GON DI P ALLE PEDD AD ASAR I PALLE M ground water. Considering these parameters the main aim is to # # NAN D IMAN D ALAM M O K A #AMAN IVISW AN ATH APU RA M H T N I H C L evaluate the ground water potential of this mandal. Further, it A D N A M E L L A P M E has alluvial tracts by the side of the river Papangni. Some of V ANDHRA PRADESH CUDDAPAH DISTR ICT KANAM ALOP ALLI F OR EST these tracts are the old flood plain. This geomorphic unit is IND IA L DA AN M AM C UR HA P K MA R A A PENDLIMARRI also studied to understand its potential. The main idea is to Y R MANDAL A PE T LOCATION MAP MA N L D AKKI AL REDD IPALL E MA apply the modern technology, i.e., remote sensing technique NDAL Fig No : 3 and GIS in the evaluationThe geological map is prepared Fig,1. Locaton map of the study area using the spectral reflectance and image signature of various lithological units. The different rock types are recognized Individual works are present on the ground water condition of based on the drainage pattern reflected by them. The the Cuddapah basin. State Ground Water Board and the Geomorphological map is yet another one, which reflects the Central Ground Water Board and Andhra Pradesh Irrigation morphology of various landforms, carved out by the Development Corporation carried out various surveys in the geological agents. Structural map indicates the linear features, basin. Amongst the individuals, Jagadiswara Rao (1971, 1972, viz., faults and lineaments. The lineaments are marked from 1978) , Karanth (1974),Krishna Rao(1970))and the imagery and topographical map. The well locations are NagarajaRao.et.al,(1987) did commendable job. Sreenivasulu also indicated to stress on the role of lineaments, if the wells (2004) explained the geomorphic evolution of the Chandragiri are located on them. The importance of lineaments in the valley and its bearing on the ground water potential. ground water exploration is also documented. The lineaments Ramakrishna Reddy (2007) presented the micro level also act as secondary porosity in many cases. The evaluation of the ground water potential of the Pulivendla Hydrogeomorphological map documents the hydrological mandal by assigning point system to various aspects related to conditions of the various geomorphic units. Ground water the ground water and evolved a prioritization scheme of prospects map has been prepared by using most of the said villages for the development purpose.Subba Reddy (2011) data and quality of ground water has been carried out. carried out morphometric analysis of Badabandla vanka, Sudarsana Raju(2013)and Ravikumar (2012) used Remote Key words;- ,Geomorphology , Lineaments, groundwater – sensing technology in their works on ground water. ysrdistrict. GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION Pendlimarri mandal is located proximal to the Kadapa town. It The Pendlimarri Mandal, named after the village Pendlimarri reflects the units of the Papagni Group of rocks of the is located in the topographical map of 57/J11, of Survey of Cuddapah Basin and also the lithologies of the Kurnool India. It is by the side of the road leading to the place Group. The geological map is prepared from the satellite Vempalle from Kadapa. It is located within the area of product. This was verified in the field and slight ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 3, Issue 6, Nov. 2014 5 International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com modifications were incorporated. This was also compared with the geological map published by the Geological Survey of India. The map thus prepared is given as figure 2-2. METHODOLOGY The satellite hard copy of 57J011 has been used for the study and also satellite IRS 1D LISS III and path/row P-100/R-63 and also band number 2,3,4 (Blue, Green Red) was used. During the field visit, each map prepared in the pre- field stage was checked. Modifications wherever needed were Fig.2. The consequent slope of cuesta quartzite incorporated. The data collected in the field has been transferred on to the maps. The well inventory data has been The lithological units associated are dolomite, chert and incorporated in the map on Hydrogeology. The culmination of shale. In general, as the last two units are aquifuge type, the the work is the preparation of ground water prospects map that prospects are poor to limted, but the dolomite with its internal has been done in the following manner. The thematic, namely, flow occasionally forms an aquifer. When the component of Geological, Geomorphological, Structural, Hydrological and chert is more, the possibiity of forming an aquifer becomes Base maps have been scanned. The maps were verified difficult unless well developed secondary porosity is available. thoroughly to make sure that no mismatch exists in the Rarely on the fringes of cuesta occasional bore wells are quadrants of different maps. Further, vectorisation of scanned observed (Figs. 3 to 6) as in the case of the area 1.5 km south files of the said map overlays using RVCS, (Raster to Vector south west of Chinnachappalle (B1) and 0.5 km east of Conversion System) and generation of the output files in Tummaluru (A1). vector format was done. Creation of coverages in Arc/Info (GIS) for all the map overlays was also made. Basic Geomorphic units: The basic geomorphic units that are recognised are, 1. Structural land forms, 2. Denudational land forms and 3. Deposotional land forms. Fig. 3. A bore hole on the gentle slope of of cuesta Structural land forms: Cuesta: Gulcheru Quartzite (Papagni Group): This has steep obsequent slope and gentle consequent slope. Gulcheru Quartzite reflects this land form as a prominent one. The consequent slope is also the dip slope, i.e., towards north. The nature of the Fig.2 do not allow any infiltration. Hence, the prospects are poor. Fig. 4. A bore hole on the fringe cuesta Note the cuesta Occasionally it is affected by faults. In such areas springs are slope at the backdrop noticed. One . such example is near Lord Narasimha Swamy temple near Chinnadasarapalle. Vempalle Formation (Ppagni Group): This unit towards north exhibits the cuesta type of land form with the consequent slope sloping towards north. Almost all the villages located north of the Kadapa – Vempalle road exhibit the cuesta type of land forms. Fig. 5. Yet another bore hole on the gentle slope of cuesta ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 3, Issue 6, Nov. 2014 6 International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com Alluvial Plains: These are located adjacent to the river Papagni and can be considered as old flood plain (Fig.7). As the river Papagni has become misfit, the old flood plains have become the centres of Anthropogenic influence reflecting the excessive agricultural activity. Fig.6. Yet another bore hole on the fringe of cuesta Denudational land forms / hills: Vempalle Formation (Papagni Group): These are mostly seen in the areas of Kondur, Gondipalle and south of Cheemalapenta . This type of land form is observed only when the lithological unit is mostly constituted by dolomite with very less percentage of chert. The prospects of this type of land form is generally poor with occasional limited prospects, if the area has secondary porosity in the form of lineaments.