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Leophils Welt Hauptthema Fußball
Leophils Welt Die Zeitschrift für die Mitglie- der der Jungen Briefmarken- freunde Hessen Ausgabe 2 Jahrgang 4 Hauptthema Fußball www.briefmarkenjugend-hessen.de Inhalt Vorwort ............................................................................................................................. 3 Fußball Europameisterschaft der Männer 2016 in Frankreich ............................. 5 Die Geschichte des Fußballs ......................................................................................... 8 Fußball bei den Olympischen Spielen ........................................................................ 12 Entenschnabel-Dinosaurier, Teil 4 ............................................................................ 14 Neue Sondermarken in Deutschland ......................................................................... 21 Der Basilisk von Wien .................................................................................................. 30 Aus den Gruppen ........................................................................................................... 32 Muss eine Briefmarke immer auf Papier gedruckt sein? .................................... 34 Erzabtei St. Peter in Salzburg ................................................................................. 36 Dauerserien - der Reiz der Komplettierung ........................................................... 37 Rätsel .............................................................................................................................. 39 Hier stimmt -
At Carowinds
at Carowinds EDUCATOR’S GUIDE CLASSROOM LESSON PLANS & FIELD TRIP ACTIVITIES Table of Contents at Carowinds Introduction The Field Trip ................................... 2 The Educator’s Guide ....................... 3 Field Trip Activity .................................. 4 Lesson Plans Lesson 1: Form and Function ........... 6 Lesson 2: Dinosaur Detectives ....... 10 Lesson 3: Mesozoic Math .............. 14 Lesson 4: Fossil Stories.................. 22 Games & Puzzles Crossword Puzzles ......................... 29 Logic Puzzles ................................. 32 Word Searches ............................... 37 Answer Keys ...................................... 39 Additional Resources © 2012 Dinosaurs Unearthed Recommended Reading ................. 44 All rights reserved. Except for educational fair use, no portion of this guide may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any Dinosaur Data ................................ 45 means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other without Discovering Dinosaurs .................... 52 explicit prior permission from Dinosaurs Unearthed. Multiple copies may only be made by or for the teacher for class use. Glossary .............................................. 54 Content co-created by TurnKey Education, Inc. and Dinosaurs Unearthed, 2012 Standards www.turnkeyeducation.net www.dinosaursunearthed.com Curriculum Standards .................... 59 Introduction The Field Trip From the time of the first exhibition unveiled in 1854 at the Crystal -
Inferring Body Mass in Extinct Terrestrial Vertebrates and the Evolution of Body Size in a Model-Clade of Dinosaurs (Ornithopoda)
Inferring Body Mass in Extinct Terrestrial Vertebrates and the Evolution of Body Size in a Model-Clade of Dinosaurs (Ornithopoda) by Nicolás Ernesto José Campione Ruben A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Nicolás Ernesto José Campione Ruben 2013 Inferring body mass in extinct terrestrial vertebrates and the evolution of body size in a model-clade of dinosaurs (Ornithopoda) Nicolás E. J. Campione Ruben Doctor of Philosophy Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2013 Abstract Organismal body size correlates with almost all aspects of ecology and physiology. As a result, the ability to infer body size in the fossil record offers an opportunity to interpret extinct species within a biological, rather than simply a systematic, context. Various methods have been proposed by which to estimate body mass (the standard measure of body size) that center on two main approaches: volumetric reconstructions and extant scaling. The latter are particularly contentious when applied to extinct terrestrial vertebrates, particularly stem-based taxa for which living relatives are difficult to constrain, such as non-avian dinosaurs and non-therapsid synapsids, resulting in the use of volumetric models that are highly influenced by researcher bias. However, criticisms of scaling models have not been tested within a comprehensive extant dataset. Based on limb measurements of 200 mammals and 47 reptiles, linear models were generated between limb measurements (length and circumference) and body mass to test the hypotheses that phylogenetic history, limb posture, and gait drive the relationship between stylopodial circumference and body mass as critics suggest. -
Dinosaur Fossils Predict Body Temperatures
PLoS BIOLOGY Dinosaur Fossils Predict Body Temperatures James F. Gillooly1*, Andrew P. Allen2, Eric L. Charnov3,4 1 Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 2 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 3 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America, 4 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America Perhaps the greatest mystery surrounding dinosaurs concerns whether they were endotherms, ectotherms, or some unique intermediate form. Here we present a model that yields estimates of dinosaur body temperature based on ontogenetic growth trajectories obtained from fossil bones. The model predicts that dinosaur body temperatures increased with body mass from approximately 25 8C at 12 kg to approximately 41 8C at 13,000 kg. The model also successfully predicts observed increases in body temperature with body mass for extant crocodiles. These results provide direct evidence that dinosaurs were reptiles that exhibited inertial homeothermy. Citation: Gillooly JF, Allen AP, Charnov EL (2006) Dinosaur fossils predict body temperatures. PLoS Biol 4(8): e248. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040248 Introduction advances in understanding the effects of body size and temperature on growth [12,13], allow us to apply a novel Body temperature regulation in dinosaurs has long been a approach to estimate dinosaur body temperatures. Specifi- topic of interest and debate in biology because of its cally, we analyze these data using a recently published model importance to understanding the physiology and life history that predicts the combined effects of body size and temper- of these ancient, exceptionally large animals [1]. -
10 Easy Steps to Teaching Dinosaurs
Written by: Michelle Robinette, Ed.S., Donna Hearn, Ed.S., and Jennifer Brown, M.Ed Edited by: Karen Soll and Jennifer Boudart Cover design by: Holly Miller Interior design by: Bob Williams Illustrated by: Tom Kelly © 2002 Learning Resources, Inc., Vernon Hills, IL (U.S.A.) Learning Resources Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk (U.K.) All rights reserved. This book is copyrighted. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission, except for the specific permission stated below. Each blackline master is intended for reproduction in quantities sufficient for classroom use. Permis- sion is granted to the purchaser to reproduce each blackline master in quantities suitable for noncom- mercial classroom use. ISBN: 1-56911-028-X Printed in China. NOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSA NOSAURS TableDINOSAURS of ContentsDINOSAURS DINOSAUR DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSA INOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAU DINOSAURS DINOSAURS DINOSAURSDINOSAURS DINOSA 1 Using This Book .............................................................................3-4 2 Gather Great Resources ..............................................................5-8 3 Speak the Lingo ........................................................................... 9-12 4 Set the Scene ............................................................................. 13-16 5 Plan a Project .............................................................................17-20 -
Body-Size Evolution in the Dinosauria
8 Body-Size Evolution in the Dinosauria Matthew T. Carrano Introduction The evolution of body size and its influence on organismal biology have received scientific attention since the earliest decades of evolutionary study (e.g., Cope, 1887, 1896; Thompson, 1917). Both paleontologists and neontologists have attempted to determine correlations between body size and numerous aspects of life history, with the ultimate goal of docu- menting both the predictive and causal connections involved (LaBarbera, 1986, 1989). These studies have generated an appreciation for the thor- oughgoing interrelationships between body size and nearly every sig- nificant facet of organismal biology, including metabolism (Lindstedt & Calder, 1981; Schmidt-Nielsen, 1984; McNab, 1989), population ecology (Damuth, 1981; Juanes, 1986; Gittleman & Purvis, 1998), locomotion (Mc- Mahon, 1975; Biewener, 1989; Alexander, 1996), and reproduction (Alex- ander, 1996). An enduring focus of these studies has been Cope’s Rule, the notion that body size tends to increase over time within lineages (Kurtén, 1953; Stanley, 1973; Polly, 1998). Such an observation has been made regarding many different clades but has been examined specifically in only a few (MacFadden, 1986; Arnold et al., 1995; Jablonski, 1996, 1997; Trammer & Kaim, 1997, 1999; Alroy, 1998). The discordant results of such analyses have underscored two points: (1) Cope’s Rule does not apply universally to all groups; and (2) even when present, size increases in different clades may reflect very different underlying processes. Thus, the question, “does Cope’s Rule exist?” is better parsed into two questions: “to which groups does Cope’s Rule apply?” and “what process is responsible for it in each?” Several recent works (McShea, 1994, 2000; Jablonski, 1997; Alroy, 1998, 2000a, 2000b) have begun to address these more specific questions, attempting to quantify patterns of body-size evolution in a phylogenetic (rather than strictly temporal) context, as well as developing methods for interpreting the resultant patterns. -
Dinosaur (DK Eyewitness Books)
Eyewitness DINOSAUR www.ketabha.org Eyewitness DINOSAUR www.ketabha.org Magnolia flower Armored Polacanthus skin Rock fragment with iridium deposit Corythosaurus Tyrannosaurus coprolite (fossil dropping) Megalosaurus jaw www.ketabha.org Eyewitness Troodon embryo DINOSAUR Megalosaurus tooth Written by DAVID LAMBERT Kentrosaurus www.ketabha.org LONDON, NEW YORK, Ammonite mold MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI Ammonite cast Consultant Dr. David Norman Senior editor Rob Houston Editorial assistant Jessamy Wood Managing editors Julie Ferris, Jane Yorke Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Art director Martin Wilson Gila monster Associate publisher Andrew Macintyre Picture researcher Louise Thomas Production editor Melissa Latorre Production controller Charlotte Oliver Jacket designers Martin Wilson, Johanna Woolhead Jacket editor Adam Powley DK DELHI Editor Kingshuk Ghoshal Designer Govind Mittal DTP designers Dheeraj Arora, Preetam Singh Project editor Suchismita Banerjee Design manager Romi Chakraborty Troodon Iguanodon hand Production manager Pankaj Sharma Head of publishing Aparna Sharma First published in the United States in 2010 by DK Publishing 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Copyright © 2010 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London 10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 175403—12/09 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7566-5810-6 (Hardcover) ISBN 978-0-7566-5811-3 (Library Binding) Color reproduction by MDP, UK, and Colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound by Toppan Printing Co. -
A New Centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the Evolution of Parietal Ornamentation in Horned Dinosaurs
A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dinosaurs ANDREW A. FARKE, MICHAEL J. RYAN, PAUL M. BARRETT, DARREN H. TANKE, DENNIS R. BRAMAN, MARK A. LOEWEN, and MARK R. GRAHAM Farke, A.A., Ryan, M.J., Barrett, P.M., Tanke, D.H., Braman, D.R., Loewen, M.A., and Graham, M.R. 2011. A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dino− saurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 691–702. In 1916, a centrosaurine dinosaur bonebed was excavated within the Campanian−aged deposits of what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Specimens from this now−lost quarry, including two parietals, a squamosal, a skull missing the frill, and an incomplete dentary, were purchased by The Natural History Museum, London. The material was recently reprepared and identified herein as a previously unknown taxon, Spinops sternbergorum gen. et sp. nov. Based upon the available locality data and paleopalynology, the quarry lies in either the upper part of the Oldman Formation or the lower part of the Dinosaur Park Formation. The facial region of the partial skull is similar to putative mature speci− mens of Centrosaurus spp. and Styracosaurus albertensis, with short, rounded postorbital horncores and a large, erect na− sal horncore. Parietal ornamentation is consistent on both known parietals and is unique among ceratopsids. Bilateral, procurved parietal hooks occupy the P1 (medial−most) position on the dorsal surface of the parietal and are very similar to those seen in Centrosaurus apertus. -
The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis Dinosphere Dinosaurs Acknowledgments The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following people in the preparation of this unit of study: Rick Crosslin, teacher, writer Mary Fortney, educator Dinosphere Exhibit Development Team The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis is a nonprofit institution dedicated to providing extraordinary learning experiences for children and families. It is one of the largest children’s museums in the world and serves people across Indiana as well as visitors from other states and countries. In addition to special exhibits and programs, the museum provides the infoZone, a partnership between The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis and The Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library. The infoZone combines the resources of a museum with the services of a library where students can read, search for information and find the answers to their questions. Other museum services include the Teacher Resource Link that lends books, learning kits, artifacts and other materials to Indiana educators. Items may be checked out for minimal fees. For a complete catalog, call (317) 334-4001 or fax (317) 921-4019. Field trips to the museum can be arranged by calling (317) 334-4000 or (800) 820-6214. Visit Just for Teachers at The Children’s Museum Web site: www.ChildrensMuseum.org 2 Dinosphere — Now You’re in Their World! • A 3 – 5 Unit of Study Dinosphere Get ready Unit of Study to dig Enduring idea: Experiences Indiana dinosaurs Make it fossilize Focus questions Dino Diary What's ahead Dino Dinosphere Web sites museum link Dino books Science class environment Paleo-points for the teacher Dinosaur classroom Bonus: Literature connection Digging deeper! Indiana academic Introduction standards Dinosphere Family connection A 3 – 5 Table of Contents Science names Unit of Study Introduction................................ -
How to Find a Dinosaur, and the Role of Synonymy in Biodiversity Studies
Paleobiology, 34(4), 2008, pp. 516–533 How to find a dinosaur, and the role of synonymy in biodiversity studies Michael J. Benton Abstract.—Taxon discovery underlies many studies in evolutionary biology, including biodiversity and conservation biology. Synonymy has been recognized as an issue, and as many as 30–60% of named species later turn out to be invalid as a result of synonymy or other errors in taxonomic practice. This error level cannot be ignored, because users of taxon lists do not know whether their data sets are clean or riddled with erroneous taxa. A year-by-year study of a large clade, Dinosauria, comprising over 1000 taxa, reveals how systematists have worked. The group has been subject to heavy review and revision over the decades, and the error rate is about 40% at generic level and 50% at species level. The naming of new species and genera of dinosaurs is proportional to the number of people at work in the field. But the number of valid new dinosaurian taxa depends mainly on the discovery of new territory, particularly new sedimentary basins, as well as the number of paleontologists. Error rates are highest (Ͼ50%) for dinosaurs from Europe; less well studied con- tinents show lower totals of taxa, exponential discovery curves, and lower synonymy rates. The most prolific author of new dinosaur names was Othniel Marsh, who named 80 species, closely followed by Friedrich von Huene (71) and Edward Cope (64), but the ‘‘success rate’’ (proportion of dinosaurs named that are still regarded as valid) was low (0.14–0.29) for these earlier authors, and it appears to improve through time, partly a reflection of reduction in revision time, but mainly because modern workers base their new taxa on more complete specimens. -
Dinosaur Hunting in Western Canada Digitized by the Internet Archive
\. LIBRARY ItYAI QNTARIO MUSEUM f FE SCIENCES CONTRIBUTION 70 ROYAi- V3ST L. S. RUSSELL i^^ Dinosaur Hunting in Western Canada OYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM LIBRARIES Dinosaur hunting in western Canada Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/dinosaurhuntingiOOruss Contribution No. 70 LIFE SCIENCES ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM UNIVERSITYOF TORONTO LORis s. RUSSELL Dinosaw hunting in western Canada LORis s. RUSSELL is Chief Biologist of the Royal Ontario Museum and Professor of Geology, University of Toronto. price: $1.00 © The Governors of the University of Toronto, 1966 PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Contents Introduction, 1 Geological History of the Canadian Prairies Since Mid-Cretaceous Time, 3 Early Explorations, 1873 to 1901, 4 The Golden Age, 1910 to 1917, 13 The Search Continues, 1917 to 1965, 21 The Future, 35 References, 35 '^^^, '^v -^.. Introduction The fossil fields of Alberta and Saskatchewan are justly famous for the wealth of excellent specimens that they have yielded, particularly the relics of those extraordinary reptiles collectively known as dinosaurs. Mounted skeletons of dinosaurs from the Red Deer River badlands are outstanding exhibits in some of the world's great museums. Much has been written about these ancient monsters, their anatomical peculiarities and their probable appearance and life habits. But how their bones came to be preserved and discovered in the rocks of western Canada, and who it was who found and collected them, are subjects about which little has been written. The book by C. H. Sternberg, Hunting Dinosaurs in the Badlands of the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada (1917), and a few popular articles by Barnum Brown (1919) and C. -
A Chronological History of Dinosaur Paleontology
&<9/xmefe Appendix: A Chronological History of Dinosaur Paleontology This appendix is compiled from numerous sources, and summarizes some of the key personalities, events, and discoveries that have shaped our under- M. K. Brett-Surman standing of dinosaur paleontology. The appendix consists of two parts. Part 1 presents a chronological list of some of the more important historical developments in dinosaur paleontology. Part 2 synthesizes this information by organizing the history of dinosaur studies into a series of "ages," each characterized by certain defining features of the sciences at that time. Part 1: A Chronology of Dinosaur Studies 300 B.C.E. (date approximate) Chang Qu writes about dinosaur ("dragon") bones in Wucheng (Sichuan), China. 1677 The first report of a "human thigh bone of one of the giants mentioned in the Bible" by Reverend Plot of England. 1763 R. Brookes publishes a figure referred to Scrotum bumanum based on Reverend Plot's 1676 figure. This specimen, believed to be the distal end of a femur, is now referred to a megalosaurid. 1787 First dinosaur found in Gloucester County, New Jersey, by Matlack (Matelock?) and Caspar Wistar of Philadelphia. A description is read before the American Philosophical Society on October 5, 1787, but it will not be published for 75 years. It is reported at a meeting with Ben Franklin at Franklin's house. The specimen is believed to be at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. 1800 Pliny Moody (a student at Williams College) locates fossils on his farm in Connecticut. These dinosaur footprints were called "footprints of Noah's Raven" at the time by Harvard and Yale scientists, even though they were 1 foot long.