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Politics and Public Automobile Insurance in British Columbia, 1970–2010
Politics and Public Automobile Insurance in British Columbia, 1970–2010 Richard C. McCandless INTRODUCTION utomobile insurance encompasses many important aspects of living in a modern society. These include legal practices, medical Aservices, customer relationships, community involvement, and management theory. This review focuses on (1) the evolving political and financial relationship between the publicly owned Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (icbc) and provincial governments of various political philosophies over the four decades of its existence and (2) how icbc was often shaped by, and sometimes itself influenced, the politics of British Columbia. Today’s public auto insurance retains some of the original ideals of not allowing private corporations to profit from individual physical and financial loss resulting from automobile crashes. Yet it no longer attempts to provide low-cost auto insurance; rather, it more closely resembles a commercial operation providing profit for the government. Direct government control over rates has been replaced by indirect control through an intermediary body and cabinet orders. Despite attempts to depoliticize control over icbc, especially with regard to the setting of annual premiums, the current government has in many ways actually increased its control of icbc and has significantly altered its objective of providing low-cost insurance. THE EARLY YEARS In the late 1960s, high public dissatisfaction with the state of automobile insurance, particularly rising rates and poor service, led the Social Credit government of W.A.C. Bennett to establish a royal commission, chaired by Justice Robert Wootton of the Supreme Court of British Columbia, to review the situation. The commission’s report, completed bc studies, no. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews The 1200 Days: A Shattered Dream: Dave Barrett and the NDP in BC z972-75> by Lome J. Kavic and Garry Brian Nixon. Coquitlam: Kaen Publishers, 1978. Pp. 290. Son of Socred: Has Bill Bennett's Government Gotten B.C, Moving Again? by Stan Persky. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1979. Pp. 319. British Columbia has come of age. The much vaunted left/right two party system, which our teachers of yesterday told us was the hallmark of maturity, is now ours to savour and enjoy. An additional sign of maturity, partly a response to the general growth of interest in provincial studies in Canada, is the expanding literature dealing with B.C. politics. While our bookshelves are scarcely groaning, they now sport a respectable dis play of books and journals on British Columbia. BC Studies is now in its second decade. The number of graduate theses steadily expands and illu minates the dark spots in our past. An additional welcome indication of this healthy introspection is found in book-length journalistic and descrip tive political commentary aimed at the general public. The 1200 Days and Son of Socred fall into this latter category. Persky explicitly refers to the responsibility of privileged academics "to spend more of their time and skills addressing the general public rather than just talking to each other" (p. 8). Neither work has any pretence to be the last word on its respective subject — the NDP period in office from 1972 to 1975 for Kavic and Nixon, and the Social Credit years from 1975 to 1978 of Bennett the younger for Persky. -
HISTORY Discover Your Legislature Series
HISTORY Discover Your Legislature Series Legislative Assembly of British Columbia Victoria British Columbia V8V 1X4 CONTENTS UP TO 1858 1 1843 – Fort Victoria is Established 1 1846 – 49th Parallel Becomes International Boundary 1 1849 – Vancouver Island Becomes a Colony 1 1850 – First Aboriginal Land Treaties Signed 2 1856 – First House of Assembly Elected 2 1858 – Crown Colony of B.C. on the Mainland is Created 3 1859-1870 3 1859 – Construction of “Birdcages” Started 3 1863 – Mainland’s First Legislative Council Appointed 4 1866 – Island and Mainland Colonies United 4 1867 – Dominion of Canada Created, July 1 5 1868 – Victoria Named Capital City 5 1871-1899 6 1871 – B.C. Joins Confederation 6 1871 – First Legislative Assembly Elected 6 1872 – First Public School System Established 7 1874 – Aboriginals and Chinese Excluded from the Vote 7 1876 – Property Qualification for Voting Dropped 7 1886 – First Transcontinental Train Arrives in Vancouver 8 1888 – B.C.’s First Health Act Legislated 8 1893 – Construction of Parliament Buildings started 8 1895 – Japanese Are Disenfranchised 8 1897 – New Parliament Buildings Completed 9 1898 – A Period of Political Instability 9 1900-1917 10 1903 – First B.C Provincial Election Involving Political Parties 10 1914 – The Great War Begins in Europe 10 1915 – Parliament Building Additions Completed 10 1917 – Women Win the Right to Vote 11 1917 – Prohibition Begins by Referendum 11 CONTENTS (cont'd) 1918-1945 12 1918 – Mary Ellen Smith, B.C.’s First Woman MLA 12 1921 – B.C. Government Liquor Stores Open 12 1920 – B.C.’s First Social Assistance Legislation Passed 12 1923 – Federal Government Prohibits Chinese Immigration 13 1929 – Stock Market Crash Causes Great Depression 13 1934 – Special Powers Act Imposed 13 1934 – First Minimum Wage Enacted 14 1938 – Unemployment Leads to Unrest 14 1939 – World War II Declared, Great Depression Ends 15 1941 – B.C. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents BRITISH COLUMBIA: THE CUTS BEGIN Introduction The Campbell Plan Idiosyncratic Politics Discussion, Research, and Essay Questions BRITISH COLUMBIA: THE CUTS BEGIN Introduction On February 13, 2002, British Columbia pay for a measure they viewed as short- Premier Gordon Campbell delivered a sighted and ill-timed. Others were outraged televised address to the province, shortly that he had ordered the province’s striking after introducing his Liberal government’s teachers back to work, and that he had first budget. Clad in a sombre black business threatened to impose a salary settlement on suit, Campbell did not have much good news them that most viewed as unsatisfactory. to report to B.C. residents, the vast majority Labour groups were incensed at his decision of whom had given his party a huge majority to reopen signed contracts affecting health- in the May 2001 election. He apologized for care workers and others in the public sector, the difficult and quite likely unpopular steps in order to roll back their wages and benefits. his government believed it was necessary to Community groups servicing the needs of the take in the months to come. He claimed they homeless and other marginalized people in were necessary in order to wrestle down the Vancouver and elsewhere looked in vain for $4.4-billion deficit that he asserted had been any indication from the government that inherited by his government from its NDP funding for their activities would be in- predecessor. Acknowledging that cuts to creased. Environmentalists were deeply education, health care, and social programs, troubled by what they regarded as along with a significant reduction in the Campbell’s lack of sympathy with their public sector and a reopening of contracts concerns for preserving the province’s with civil servants would arouse resentment forests. -
Hiking Tourism Master Plan Vancouver Island and Coast Region
OUR PATH TO CREATING AN EXCEPTIONAL HIKING EXPERIENCE NETWORK Hiking Tourism Master Plan Vancouver Island and Coast Region 2016 Hiking Tourism Master Plan Vancouver Island and Coast Region B Hiking Tourism Master Plan Vancouver Island and Coast Region Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1 4. The Way Forward 63 4.1 Vision 63 Executive Summary 3 4.2 Goals 63 1. Introduction 7 4.3 Our Unique Selling Proposition 64 1.1 Destination Management Planning 8 4.4 ‘Exceptional’ Hiking Experiences 65 1.2 Project Focus & Planning Process 9 4.5 Hiking Experience Zones 68 1.3 Project Engagement 11 4.6 Creating Our Exceptional Hiking Experience Network 70 1.4 Shifting Focus – The Visitor Experience 14 1.5 Policy & Planning Framework 16 5. Monitoring Our Progress 78 2. Hiking Tourism In The Vancouver Island 6. References 79 and Coast Region Today 18 2.1 The Benefits of Hiking Tourism 18 Appendix A–Stakeholder Engagement Phase 1 A.1 2.2 Visitation & Economic Impact 21 Appendix B–Stakeholder Engagement Phase 2 B.1 3. Destination Analysis 25 3.1 Regional Character 25 3.2 Hiking Trails by Biogeoclimatic Region 27 3.3 Hiking Trails by Recreation Opportunity Setting 29 3.4 Hiking Experience Typologies 31 3.5 Tourism Suitability of Existing Trails 40 3.6 Lifecycle Analysis 45 3.7 Markets of Greatest Potential 48 3.8 Experience Market Match 52 3.9 Current Brands & Marketing 56 i Our hiking tourism master plan lays out a path to develop our network of exceptional hiking experiences Hiking Tourism Master Plan Vancouver Island and Coast Region Acknowledgements The consulting Team would like to thank Tourism Vancouver Island (TVI) for its leadership, inspiration and direction in undertaking this Master Plan to advance hiking tourism in the Vancouver Island and Coast Region. -
He Said. Tea Party on Page 9 * Multiversity May Soon Be Here. Page 5 4 Women's Centre
” * “No room”, he said. tea party on page 9 * Multiversity may soon be here. page 5 4 Women's Centre The OakBay Junction in Batik,pottery and yoga are Victoria is tion~inatedby ;I iarge taught frequently. The idea of a car sign. Directly beneath it, in streettheatre has also been a one-room former store,is the explored. Victoria Womens Centre. The Women's Centre, Started inMay on a $12,000 however, is situated in an O.F.Y. grant, the seven women inconvenient location. "A lot of involved in it's organizatioa are people drive by, but as there's a combination of working no parking they don't stop" mothers and students. They Many of rt-gularthe regardthe Centre :ts only a participants in the seminars and preliminary,start in, their workshops live in the area. attempt to help Victorla women. Afterthe Centresponsered a Over the summer a variety of workshop on"Women and the services have been consolidated Law", more peoplebegan in the building. A babysitting coming in, and now there are exchange,organized by frequent requests for advice on districts. is one of the most legal aid. heavily used. Unlike a similar Vancouver VOTERS ARE FOOLS The Centre housesa complete Centre they donot ban men from I4 reference library on all aspects the premises. They did refuse of the wmens' nlovement. A to leta Martlet photographer We know you know the isslres. tapecollection deals with takeany pictures.saying that he problems virryingfrom an had no "appointment". You'renot dumb. You are fools individual's place in society to The only real trouble.the daycare 'for children. -
2010-Year-End-Review-EN.Pdf
Your Trail.Your Journey. Trans Canada Trail YEAR-END REVIEW 2009-10 It’s the world’s longest and grandest trail! The Trans Canada Trail is the world’s longest Thanks to the network of trails. When completed, the Trail will Government of Canada stretch 22,500 kilometres from the Atlantic to Trans Canada Trail (TCT) thanks the the Pacific to the Arctic Oceans, linking 1000 Government of Canada, particularly communities and 34 million Canadians. Canadian Heritage, for its support of the Trail. Today, more than 16,500 kilometres of trail are developed. Millions of With the $15-million grant awarded Canadians and international visitors are using the Trail to hike, cycle, to the Trail in 2004, TCT has ski, horseback ride, canoe and snowmobile. contributed to local trail construction The Trans Canada Trail is made up of over 400 community trails each and engineering studies in all with diverse features and unique landscapes. Thousands of Canadians, provinces and territories. Canadian community partner organizations, corporations, local businesses and Heritage announced it will extend all levels of government are involved in developing and maintaining the Trail’s five-year grant into these trails and creating our world-renowned national Trail. 2010-11. TCT is grateful for the Government of Canada’s on-going This Year-End Review is a tribute to everyone involved commitment to the Trail. in building and supporting the Trans Canada Trail. Cover photo: Fundy Trail, NB (photo: New Brunswick Tourism & Parks) Above: Traversée de Charlevoix, QC (photo: Jean-François Bergeron/Enviro foto) 2 A message from the Chair and CEO The Olympic Torch Relay was a highlight for the Trans Canada Trail this year. -
Winter 20202021
www.vi-trail.ca WINTER, 2020/2021 CONTENTS Two More Hikers Traverse The Trail Focus on a VITA Board Member Trail Work Summer/Fall 2020 Sightings Along The Trail Want to Get Involved? A COUPLE OF EXPERIENCED LONG- mapped route. That was just part of the adventure and DISTANCE THRU HIKERS TRAVERSED THE part of the specialness of this hike, to be a part of the trail as it continues to grow and take a defined shape. TRAIL THIS PAST SUMMER Here is Their (Shortened) Documentary Coming out of Victoria, we were able to hold a steady pace, taking two days to get to Cowichan Lake. The trail The year of 2020 was an interesting hiking season for conditions were excellent. Most of the trail was gravel my partner and me. We had our plans dialed in to the bike paths, with some great views along the way. day to fit in all the thru-hikes we could do into our schedule. Then everything changed (COVID-19), and instead of being discouraged, we changed with it. My partner and I go by the trail names Constantine and Magpie, respectively. We are both long-distance thru- hikers and backpackers. In our research, we stumbled upon the Vancouver Island Trail (About 770km). We said perfect! Let’s go! We began our hike on August 9th, 2020. We quickly came to realize that despite all our hiking experience, We got our first taste of what was to come while the VIT was an adventure unto itself. The trail leaving Cowichan Lake. The maps had us taking a association had provided maps and GPX files that we remote logging road over a mountain, but luckily, we could base our route on, yet much was still a work in found out while in town that the area was privately progress. -
5 Since Great-Grandmother Died in 1976, Her Presence Can Still Be Felt
Since Great-grandmother died in 1976, her presence can still be felt — and often feared. On the Pacific Ocean Photo: Courtesy Danielle Baker 5 side of British Columbia’s Vancouver Island, Maggie Logan’s house has been known to freak out intrepid Over 120 years after after 120 years Over settled forebears her of one along the most Coast’s West unforgiving shorelines, writer returns a young long- family’s her to settlement, abandoned run deep roots where and spirits still move. hikers on the West Coast Trail, Canada’s most famous marine hiking route. Reportedly, those who stop to camp on fortable to sleep. Maybe the cat spooked her, Stanley Beach, where the remains of her or maybe it was the way my Grandma’s dog homestead are, feel unwelcome. Some have kept greeting the thin air with its unique By Danielle Baker even packed up late in the evening and howl reserved only for family. moved on. When my cousin Sarah and I The West Coast Trail follows 75 kilo- arrive at the beach, on a surprisingly warm metres (47 miles) of treacherous shoreline and bright West Coast day, we locate the from Port Renfrew north to Bamfield. Built hidden path and tread lightly towards the to maintain telegraph lines from Victoria, sand. This is our first day hiking south the trail became an established Life Saving on the trail from the Nitinat Narrows, an Road to access shipwrecks and their survi- option only recently made available to the vors after a particularly tragic loss in 1906. public, and it’s been our family’s most com- The wrecks between 1858 and 1973 became mon entry point for the last century. -
La Lecture De La Pratique Archivistique Fran~Aise Nous Porte 2
dans un avenir plus ou moins lointain. I1 croient nayvement au retour de I'Bge d'or (p. 191). L'Bge d'or, c'est sans doute les temps prtsents puisque les services d'archives n'ont jamais eu dans I'histoire autant de moyens B leur disposition pour remplir les tBches qu'ils se sont eux-mCmes tractes au fil des annCes. 11s devront sans doute souffrir quelque peu de la diminution de la taille de 1'Etat et de la rartfaction des ressources financibres consacrCes B la culture pour tviter la faillite collective. Mais, faut-il croire que nous ayons atteint un point de non retour en matikre de sensibilisation du public et des autoritts politiques B I'importance du patrimoine archivistique comme outil de mtmoire? La lecture de La pratique archivistique fran~aisenous porte 2 &re optimiste quant B la capacitC du metier de trouver des solutions aux difficultts qui ne manquent pas au tournant du nouveau sikcle, en Europe ou en Amtrique du Nord. D'aucuns prttendent que les services d'archives et les archivistes doivent adopter <<a post-custodial approach B en laissant les archives dans les mains de leurs producteurs; cela ne semble pas &treune orientation qu'envisagent pour I'instant nos collbgues fran~ais.Peut-Ctre sont-ils encore plus prtoccupCs par la conservation des documents d'archives B trbs long terme que nous le sommes. La confrontation avec les mCthodes de I'archivistique pratiqute en France que nous procure la lecture de La pratique archivistique francaise peut nous laisser B I'esprit I'interrogation existentielle suivantt: l'archiviste nord-amtricain n'a t-il jamais CtC au fond qu'un records manager? A nous de rtpondre. -
Island Bushwhacker Annual 2009
THE ALPINE CLUB OF CANADA VANCOUVER ISLAND SECTION ISLAND BUSHWHACKER ANNUAL VOLUME 37, 2009 VANCOUVER ISLAND SECTION of THE ALPINE CLUB OF CANADA SECTION EXECUTIVE – 2009 Chair Cedric Zala Secretary Rick Hudson Treasurer Geoff Bennett Banff Mountain Film Festival Lissa Zala Kari Frazer Bushwhacker Committee Sandy Briggs Lindsay Elms Rob Macdonald Russ Moir Bushwhacker Design & Layout Sandy Stewart Education Peter Rothermel Dave Campbell Equipment Mike Hubbard FMCBC Rep John Young Library/Archivist Judith Holm Membership Jain Alcock-White Members at Large Phee Hudson Russ Moir Mike Morley Dave Campbell National Rep Russ Moir Newsletter Cedric Zala Safety Selena Swets Schedule Karun Thanjavur Webmaster/Listserver Martin Hofmann ACC VI Section website: www.accvi.ca ACC National website: www.alpineclubofcanada.ca ISSN 0822 - 9473 Cover: Looking east from Springer Peak to Johnstone Strait, June 2009. PHOTO: DAVE CAMPBELL Printed on recycled paper Contents Message from the Chair Cedric Zala ..............................................................................................................................................................................................1 VANCOUVER ISLAND Colonel Foster – On a Sunny Summer’s Day Christine Fordham ............................................................................................3 Mount Phillips from Arnica Lakes Dave Campbell ....................................................................................................................4 Victoria Peak: First Winter Ascent -
HISTORY 214 BC History Winter 2009
School of Arts & Science HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT HISTORY 214 BC History Winter 2009 1. Instructor Information (a) Instructor: Clarence Bolt Office M -- 8:30-9:20, 11:30-12:20, Tu – 1:30-2:20, W -- 1:30-11:20, Th. (b) Hours: 4:30-5:20 (c) Location: Y323 (d) Phone: 370-3347 (e) Email: [email protected] 2. Intended Learning Outcomes Through reading textbooks and primary source materials, hearing faculty lectures, participating in seminars, writing papers, making presentations, and performing tests, students will: 1. Gain an appreciation of critical themes, events, and issues of this period. 2. Explore the role of geo-politics and of the fur trade companies in the European exploration and settlement of BC. 3. Understand the nature of First Nations' societies and their historical and continuing importance to BC. 4. Examine the economic bases of BC. 5. Analyze the role of race. 6. Examine the BC's relationship to Canada's history and its role in confederation. 7. Explore the political culture of BC. 8. Reassess and challenge traditional and existing perspectives on critical events and issues of this period. By the end of the course, through exposure to the above materials and ideas, the student should be able to: 1. Think critically about historical issues and writing by evaluating the arguments put forward by historians, weighing the evidence they present and making judgements about the strength of their arguments. 2. Appreciate history as a distinct academic discipline, understanding its unique outlook, scope and methods and what distinguishes it from other disciplines. 3. Use history to confront the issues of today's world, establishing a context for the present and comprehending the accomplishments, failures, tensions and issues of the present era.