AJA Open Access www.ajaonline.org Supplementary Content: Appendix
Appendix to accompany the American Journal of Archaeology publication:
Contextualizing Mycenaean Hoards: Metal Control on the Greek Mainland at the End of the Bronze Age Nicholas G. Blackwell
Link to this article: https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.122.4.0509
Published online 26 September 2018 American Journal of Archaeology Volume 122, Number 4 DOI: 10.3764/ajaonline1224.Blackwell.suppl
This online-only published content is freely available electronically immediately upon publication and can be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). This license allows anyone to reuse, remix, and build upon the content, as long as it is for legal noncommercial purposes; the new work must credit the author, the AJA, and the Archaeological Institute of America. Summary of Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age Metal Hoards from Crete and the Greek Mainland
Part 1. Crete: 32 MBA–LBA Hoards (Arranged Chronologically)
Hoard and Date Assemblage Details Bibliography Selakanos hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 6 Deshayes 1960, (EM II–MM II) • 6 tools: 4 double axes; 2 long chisels nos. 736–37, 2018, • 0 other objects 2038, 2045; Branigan 1969, 2– 4, fig.1
Samba-Pediados Total no. of hoarded objects: 3 Deshayes 1960, hoard (EM II–MM • 3 Tools: 1 double ax, 2 chisels nos. 735, 998, II) • 0 other objects 2091; Branigan 1969, 4–5
Chamaizi hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 4 Branigan 1968, (MM I–II) • 4 tools: 2 double axes, 1 elongated single/flat 89–90; 1969, 2 adze, 1 ax-adze • 0 other objects
Mallia Quartier Mu, Total no. of hoarded objects: 6+ Poursat 1985, 120 Building A hoard • 4 tools: 1 ax-adze, 1 drill, 1 small saw, 1 knife (MM II) • 2+ other objects: 1 metal vessel fragment, ceramics
Mallia Quartier Mu, Total no. of hoarded objects: 4 Poursat 1985, 122 Building B hoard • 4 tools: 1 double ax, 1 narrow mortise chisel, 1 (MM II) small saw, 1 socketed adze • 0 other objects
Knossos northwest Total no. of hoarded objects: 18 Evans 1928, 627– hoard • 10 tools: 3 double axes, 1 broad chisel, 5 29, fig. 392 (MM III or LM IA) double adzes, 1 whetstone • 8 other objects: 1 tripod cauldron, 4 daggers, 1 sword fragment, 2 ceramic jars
Knossos southeast Total no. of hoarded objects: 5 Evans 1928, 629– hoard • 1 tool: 1 long saw 32, fig. 394 (MM III–LM IA) • 4 other objects: 2 bronze tripod cauldrons, 1 bronze basin, 1 bronze ewer
Gournia, Room F18 Total no. of hoarded objects: 6 Hawes et al. 1908, (MM III–LM I) • 6 tools: 1 narrow chisel, 2 broad chisels, 34, pl. 4 (nos. 1, 9, 1 double ax, 1 drill, 1 saw 10, 12, 15, 22) • 0 other objects
2
Gournia, House Cg Total no. of hoarded objects: 7+ Hawes et al. 1908, (MM III–LM I) • 3 tools: 1 ceremonial double ax, 1 chisel (no 24, pl. 4 (nos. 47, details on type), 1 sickle 59), pl. 11 (no. 22) • 4+ other objects: 1 fish hook, 1 bronze handle, several metal scrap pieces, 1 folded bronze sheet
Avgo hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 28 Hastings 1905; (MM I–LM II) • 4 tools: 2 razors, 1 scraper, 1 knife Branigan 1974, • 24 other objects: 3 tweezers, 4 pins, 5 finger 153 rings, 12 small stone objects
Zakros, House C Total no. of hoarded objects: 20 Hogarth 1900– hoard • 10 tools: 2 double axes, 3(?) narrow chisels, 5 1901, 134 fig. 46; (MM III–LM I) serrated scrapers or small saws Evely 1993, 11, • 10 other objects: 3 daggers, 1 tripod leg, no. 152 1 vessel handle, 5 broken or bent miscellaneous objects
Knossos south house Total no. of hoarded objects: 10 Evans 1928, 629– hoard • 10 tools: 2 double axes, 1 ax-hammer, 3 saws, 30, fig. 393 (LM I?) 2 double-edged knives, 2 hollow drill bits(?) • 0 other objects
Knossos basement Total no. of hoarded objects: 17 Evans 1928, 632, hoard • 1 tool: 1 double ax fig. 395 (LM I) • 16 other objects: 1 bronze spouted jug, 5 basins, 5 broad pans, 1 bronze single-handled bowl, 2 stone vessels, 1 carnelian bead-seal, 1 ceramic ewer
Knossos palatial Total no. of hoarded objects: 6 Evans 1928, 637– northwest house • 0 tools 42, fig. 402 hoard • 6 other objects: 4 large bronze basins, 1 bronze (LM I) ewer, 1 bronze handle
Ayia Triada, Total no. of hoarded objects: 5 Evely 1993, 44, Room 16 hoard • 5 tools: 1 double adze, 4 double axes nos. 58–63; 63, no. (LM I) • 0 other objects 5 Note: Also from the NW quarter are 2 saws and 2 chisels that may have been part of the assemblage but are not included in the count.
Mochlos, House C.3, Total no. of hoarded objects: 3 Soles and Davaras Room 1.1 • 3 tools: 2 double axes, 1 shovel 1996, 196, pl. 56b; (LM I) • 0 other objects Soles 2008, 151– 52
3 Mallia, Quarter Z, Total no. of hoarded objects: 19 Deshayes and House G, Room 15 • 11 tools: 8 double axes, 2 awls, 1 scraper or Dessenne 1959, (LM IA) leather knife 67–72, pl. 20 • 8 other objects: 7 daggers, 1 needle
Mallia, Quarter Z, Total no. of hoarded objects: 7 Deshayes and House B, Room 5 • 6 tools: 2 double axes, 1 broad chisel, 1 narrow Dessenne 1959, (LM IA) chisel, 1 saw, 1 scraper or leather knife 67–71, pls. 20, 21 • 1 other object: 1 spearhead
Mochlos, House C.3, Total no. of hoarded objects: 38+ Soles 2008, 148– Room 2.2, merchant • 30 tools: 9 double axes, 6 elongated broad 51, figs. 3–6; hoard chisels, 1 shorter broad chisel, 1 wedge-like Andreadaki- (LM IB) chisel, 1 double adze, 8 knives, 2 tongs, 2 tools Vlazaki et al. for breaking ingots 2008, 84–7, 90, 96 • 8+ other objects: 2 balance disks, 2 bronze bowls, 1 bronze sistrum, 1 half oxhide ingot, ingot fragments, numerous bronze strips
Mochlos, Seager’s Total no. of hoarded objects: 5 Soles 2008, 151 hoard, House C.6 • 0 tools (LM IB) • 5 other objects: 4 bronze basins, 1 bronze bowl
Mochlos, House C.3, Total no. of hoarded objects: 18+ Soles and Davaras northeast hoard • 9 tools: 1 ceremonial double ax fragment, 1 1996, 194–96, pl. (LM IB) elongated broad chisel, 1 shorter broad chisel, 56; Soles 2008, 2 knives, 1 broken saw, 1 rasp, 1 awl, 1 tongs 147 • 9+ other objects: 2 broken balance pans, 1 flattened vessel, 1 spear point, 1 bun ingot, numerous (12+ kg) oxhide ingot fragments, scrap metal, metal strips
Mochlos, House C.7, Total no. of hoarded objects: 9+ Soles and Davaras southwest hoard • 4 tools: 2 double axes, 2 knives 1996, 201, pl. 58b; (LM IB) • 5+ other objects: oxhide ingot fragments, Soles 2008, 147 2 bronze vases, 1 bezel of ring
Mochlos cult hoard, Total no. of hoarded objects: 2 Soles 2008, 152– Building B.2, • 0 tools 54, figs. 7, 8; foundation deposit • 2 other objects: 1 trident, 1 tin ingot Andreadaki- (LM IB) (also had a pithos with stones protecting the Vlazaki et al. hoard) 2008, 86
Mochlos, House B.2, Total no. of hoarded objects: 6 Soles 2008, 154– basin hoard • 0 tools 55; Andreadaki- (LM IB) • 6 other objects: 6 large bronze basins Vlazaki et al. 2008, 95, 97
4 Mochlos, Artisan Total no. of hoarded objects: 20 Soles 2003, 20, 23, Quarter hoard • 0 tools fig. 17, pl. 12d; (LM IB) • 20 other objects: 2 fragments of bronze Soles 2008, 146 spillage, 15 ingot fragments, 2 fragmentary bowls, 1 handle
Zakros, West Wing, Total no. of hoarded objects: 6+ Platon 1971, 113– Room X (staircase) • 3 tools: 3 long saws 14, 157; Evely hoard • 3+ other objects: 1 stirrup jar, 1 terracotta 1993, 31 entries, (LM IB) tripod pot, other vessels 31–32
Zakros West Wing, Total no. of hoarded objects: 28+ Platon 1971, 124, tentative hoard fallen • 26+ tools: 4 double axes, 1 double adze, 6 129–30, 158 into Rooms XV, saws, 4 chisels, 1 anvil, 1 hammer, 2 pick- XXIV, XXVIII adzes, 2 drills, knives, awls, punches, picks, (LM IB) cutters • 2+ other objects: needles, pins
Phaistos, palace, Total no. of hoarded objects: 9 Pernier and Banti Room 63d • 9 tools: 9 double axes 1951, 171–72 (LM IB) • 0 other objects
Chania hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 15 Andreadaki- (LM IIIA2) • 15 tools: hoard unpublished; exact tool types Vlazaki 2014. unknown
Karphi, Room K12 Total no. of hoarded objects: 15 Pendlebury et al. hoard • 3 tools: 1 sickle, 1 saw, 1 chisel 1937/1938, 78, no. (LM IIIC) • 12 other objects: 1 needle, 1 dagger, 1 nail, 12, pl. 28.2 3 bronze fragments, 1 fragmentary bronze ring, 2 lead fragments, 1 clay spindle whorl, 1 glass bead, 1 faience bead
Karphi, Room K17 Total no. of hoarded objects: 10 Pendlebury et al. hoard • 3 tools: 1 sickle, 1 awl, 1 saw fragment 1937–1938, 78–9, (LM IIIC) • 7 other objects: 1 blade fragment, 1 nail, no. 17, pls. 28.1, 1 boar’s tusk, 2 clay spindle whorls, 1 steatite 29.1 spindle whorl, 1 steatite piece
Rotasi hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 7+ Hood 1957, 20; (LM?) • 6+ tools: 3 double axes, 1 hammer, 1 saw, Evely 1993, 33, 1+ knife no. 75; 49, nos. • 1 other object: 1 spearhead 175–77; 101, no. 4
5 Part 2. Greek Mainland and Nearby Islands: 22 MBA–LBA Hoards (Arranged Chronologically)
Hoard and Date Assemblage Details Bibliography Lerna hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 3 Caskey 1957, 151, (MH I) • 1 tool: 1 broad chisel pl. 42c • 2 other objects: 2 long daggers
Malthi hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 7 Valmin 1938, (MH) • 7 tools: 1 narrow chisel, 6 knives 102–3, 368–69, • 0 other objects pls. 30.5–7, 9–12; Branigan 1974, 153 Andronianoi Total no. of hoarded objects: 10 Paschalidis 2007 (Euboea) hoard • 3 tools: 1 double ax, 1 saw, 1 razor (LH II–IIIA1) • 7 other objects: 2 swords, 2 daggers, 1 spearhead, 1 phiale, 1 metal sheet
Thebes, Arsenal Total no. of hoarded objects: 32 Currently hoard • 13 tools: 3 double axes, 2 broad chisels, unpublished. I (LH III?) 1 narrow chisel, 3 knives, 2 sickles, 1 bronze thank the Ephorate cube (anvil?), 1 bronze pestle-like object of Boeotian • 19 other objects: 1 bronze socket, 1 melted Antiquities for amalgam of fragmentary items, 17 scrap permitting me to pieces mention this hoard.
Ayios Vasileios hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 28+ Vasilogamvrou (LH IIIA2) • 1 tool: 1 knife 2010; 2012 • 27+ other objects: 21 swords with ivory and stone pommels, 1 dagger, bronze and stone arrowheads, bronze helmet, nails covered in gold leaf, remains of a boar’s tusk helmet
Mycenae, Poros Wall Total no. of hoarded objects: 80+ Wace 1953, 7, fig. hoard • 19 tools: 1 double ax, 1 broad chisel, 3 1, pl. 2; Stubbings (LH IIIB) narrow chisels, 3 bent knives, 5 fragments of 1954; Muhly 1976, knives or sickles, 3 sickles, 1 drill, 1 small 93; Knapp et al. hammer, 1 cleaver 1988, 256; • 61+ other objects: 1 dagger, 1 bent sword, 1 Stephanie hydria handle, 1 pair of tweezers, 1 nail, 1 Aulsebrook, pers. rivet, 16+ oxhide ingot fragments, 1 bronze Comm. bun ingot, fragments of matte and furnace lining, vessel fragments, 36 scrap fragments
6 Mycenae, Mylonas Total no. of hoarded objects: 20 Mylonas 1962, hoard • 13 tools: 4 double axes, 1 broad chisel, 1 406–8, pl. 121 (LH IIIB) narrow chisel, 2 knives, 3 sickles, 2 awls/engravers • 7 other objects: 3 swords, 1 spearhead, 2 vessel fragments, 1 slab ingot
Thebes, Total no. of hoarded objects: 15+ Lazarides 1965, Paulogiannopoulou • 0 tools 233, pl. 278b; hoard • 15+ other objects: 6 spearheads (different Spyropoulos 1972, (LH IIIB) types), 2 arrowheads, 1 horse bridle, 140, pl. 33 5 miscellaneous items, sheet metal
Mycenae, Tsountas Total no. of hoarded objects: 94+ Catling 1964, 294– hoard • 71 tools: 9 double axes, 14 broad chisels, 6 95; Spyropoulos (LH IIIB late) narrow chisels, 12 small knives, 1 large knife, 1972, 8–45 19 sickles, 9 awls, 1 cleaver • 23+ other objects: 6 swords, 1 spearhead, 2 ornaments, 1 ingot, 2 weights, 1 sword casting, 1 bronze horse bit, 5 tweezers, rosette disks, undecorated bronze strips, gold wire, scrap
Mycenae, Schliemann Total no. of hoarded objects: 21 Schliemann 1878, hoard • 9 tools: 4 double axes, 5 knives 111, figs. 120–25 (LH IIIB late‒IIIC) • 12 other objects: 2 spearheads, 1 cauldron, and 173; Catling 6 vases/fragments, 2 model wheels, 1 hair pin 1964, 295
Athens, Acropolis Total no. of hoarded objects: 35 Catling 1964, 296; hoard • 28 tools: 13 double axes, 7 broad chisels, 1 Spyropoulos 1972, (LH IIIB/C) narrow chisel, 1 knife, 1 sickle, 1 double 63–78, 92–7, 202– hammer/sledge hammer/anvil, 1 ax-hammer, 3 1 file, 2 plowshares • 7 other objects: 1 dirk casting, 1 dagger, 1 spearhead, 1 two-handled bowl, 3 disks
Orchomenos hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 106 Spyropoulos 1970 (LH IIIB or IIIC) • 48 tools: 7 double axes, 6 broad chisels, 3 narrow chisels, 19 knives, 6 knives or sickles, 3 sickles, 1 adze, 1 drill, 2 saw(?) fragments • 58 other objects: 15 daggers, 4 swords, 2 spearheads, 3 tweezers, 1 fibula, 13 bronze vessel fragments, cauldron legs, 18 misc.
7 Kalydon-Psorolithi Total no. of hoarded objects: 14 Mastrokostas hoard • 11 tools: 2 double axes, 2 broad chisels, 1965, 343–44, pl. (LH IIIB or IIIC) 1 knife, 4 knives/sickles, 2 sickles 410 • 3 other objects: 1 dagger, 1 arrowhead, 1 tripod leg
Katamachi (Ioannina) Total no. of hoarded objects: 7 Vocotopoulou hoard • 7 tools: 5 double axes, 1 socketed chisel, 1 1972; Kleitsas (LH III B/C) pyramidal anvil 2013, 45–9 • 0 other objects
Ithaka, Polis hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 17 Benton 1934– (LH IIIB/IIIC) • 5 tools: 1 broad chisel, 1 socketed chisel, 3 1935, 68–70, fig. knives 20; Catling 1964, • 12 other objects: 2 sword fragments, 1 small 297 javelin head, 9 spearhead fragments
Aegina, Oros hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 19 Gauss 2007, 130– (LH IIIB2–C) • 15 tools: 2 narrow chisels, 1 mortise chisel, 5 33, figs. 13–28 sickles, 1 iron knife, 2 drills, 4 razors • 4 other objects: 1 bronze arrowhead, 1 bronze blade, 1 dagger or sword fragment, 1 bronze oval disk
Tiryns Treasure Total no. of hoarded objects: 15+ Maran 2006; 2012 (LH IIIC) • 2 tools: 2 sickles • 13+ other objects: 2 swords, 3 tripod cauldron legs, 1 tripod stand, 1 bronze cauldron, 1 bronze slab ingot, 2 wheels of gold and bronze wire, bronze vessels, gold and amber jewelry, bronze fire spits
Salamis, Kanakia Total no. of hoarded objects: 4 Lolos 2003, 83– hoard • 3 tools: 1 broad chisel, 1 narrow chisel, 93, figs. 16–18 (LH IIIC early) 1 sickle • 1 other object: 1 bronze sheet
Anthedon hoard Total no. of hoarded objects: 37+ Rolfe 1890; (LH IIIC) • 24 tools: 2 double axes, 2 half double axes, 1 Catling 1964, 296– trunnion/lugged ax, 1 narrow chisel, 14 97; Spyropoulos knives, 1 sickle, 1 awl, 2 plowshares 1972 • 13+ other objects: 1 spearhead, 3 bowl handles, 2 cauldron fragments, 1 armlet, bundle of spits, 1 tripod fragment, sheet bronze, slag, bronze rod, 1 decorated metal band, other misc.
8 Kierion-Karditsa Total no. of hoarded objects: 7 Kilian 1975, 13, hoard • 3 tools: 2 double axes, 1 broad chisel 18, pl. 95b (LH IIIC) • 4 other objects: 2 fibulae fragments, 1 spearhead, 1 pointed arrowhead
Stephani (Preveza) Total no. of hoarded objects: 17 Andreou 1994, hoard • 11 tools: 10 double axes, 1 whetstone 243, fig. 31; (LH general) • 6 other objects: 3 spearheads, 2 unidentified Kleitsas 2013, 36– bronze objects, 1 stone block 44
Rodotopi (Ioannina) Total no. of hoarded objects: 4 Kleitsas 2013, 50– hoard • 4 tools: 4 single, shaft-hole axes 2 (LH general) • 0 other objects
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