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March 2021 EDITION Editorial the Solar System March

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March 2021 EDITION Editorial the Solar System March March 2021 EDITION The Solar System March Editor: [email protected] MERCURY: begins the month emerging into Email: [email protected] the morning sky as it approaches greatest Website: https://www.ewellastronomy.org elongation. It is not observable, reaching its highest point in the sky during daytime and Editorial being no higher than 1° above the horizon at dawn. By the end of the month, it will soon Welcome to the March edition of Janus. pass behind the Sun, but remains not observable – it will reach its highest point in I’m delighted to say that, thanks to a bumper the sky during daytime and is 2° below the collection of contributions, there’s plenty to horizon at dawn. read. My thanks to Gary and Stephen especially. Hopefully there’s something for all VENUS: begins the month not readily tastes, whether you like to read about observable since it is very close to the Sun, people’s observations or their recollections of at a separation of only 6° from it. By the end events past. of the month, having recently passed behind the Sun at superior solar conjunction, it Mars was the focus of much interest in remains not readily observable since it is very February - not so much from an observing close to the Sun, at a separation of only 1° perspective as from an exploration from it. perspective. No less than 3 missions arrived at Mars during the month. The United MARS: is currently an early evening object, Emirates’ Hope orbiter successfully entered th now receding into twilight. It begins the month Mars orbit on 9 February, China’s Tianwen- becoming accessible around 18:22 UT as the 1 orbiter and rover successfully entered orbit dusk sky fades, 56° above the SW horizon. It on 10th February, and NASA’s Perseverance th will continue to be observable until around successfully landed in Jezero crater on 18 01:07, when it sinks towards the horizon February. before setting. By the end of the month, it becomes visible around 19:19 as the dusk The Tianwen-1 rover is still attached to the sky fades, 46° above the W horizon. It will orbiter and will not land on Mars until May or then sink towards the horizon, before setting June. NASA’s Perseverance rover will collect at 00:46. samples that will be returned to Earth in 2031. Getting them back successfully will JUPITER: recently passed behind the Sun at require a good deal of patience, not to solar conjunction. At the beginning of the mention the most ambitious Mars missions in month, it is not observable, reaching its history and sustained public support! highest point in the sky during daytime and being no higher than 2° above the horizon at As Stephen reports later, we had another dawn. It remains unobservable at the end of successful virtual meeting in February. The the month, reaching its highest point in the March, April and May meetings will certainly sky during daytime and being no higher than also be virtual, and I suspect it may well be 7° above the horizon at dawn. September before there is any real prospect of a physical meeting. SATURN: also recently passed behind the Sun at solar conjunction. At the beginning of Finally, don’t forget the Society’s social media the month, it is not observable, reaching its sites, which are always worth a look. highest point in the sky during daytime and being no higher than 2° above the horizon at John dawn. By the end of the month, it remains are, and how much light pollution there is! All not observable, reaching its highest point in stars, within Orion, including the "Belt" and the sky during daytime and being no higher "Sword", are included in the count, but not than 7° above the horizon at dawn. the 4 corner stars of Orion (i.e. Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, Rigel, etc). URANUS: will soon pass behind the sun at solar conjunction. It begins the month visible The CPRE relates the number of visible stars from around 18:56 UT as the dusk sky fades, to the state of your local sky in the following 36° above the SW horizon, and will then sink way: towards the horizon, setting at 22:57. By the • 0-5 stars - very severe light pollution end of the month, it will not be visible as it will • 6-10 stars - severe light pollution reach its highest point in the sky during • 11-20 stars - some light pollution daytime and be no higher than 11° above the • 21-25 stars - fairly dark skies horizon at dusk. • 26-30 stars - dark skies • 30+ stars - truly dark skies NEPTUNE: begins the month approaching solar conjunction and is not readily Well, in my count, I saw a total of 15 stars observable since it is very close to the Sun, (including the Orion Nebula, M42). That at a separation of only 9° from it. By the end means that my sky has "some light pollution". of the month, having recently passed behind the Sun at solar conjunction, it remains not Last year, I saw between 16 and 21 stars, so readily observable since it is still very close to my sky may border on suffering some light the Sun, at a separation of only 19° from it. pollution and having fairly dark skies! MOON PHASES: In the Autumn, a similar count of naked eye stars can be counted within the Square of Full Moon 27 February Pegasus. My limiting magnitude is about 5.5. Last Quarter 6 March New Moon 13 March I saw that Mars was still bright, but only a bit First Quarter 21 March brighter than Aldeberan. It was now very Full Moon 28 March small in size, even at 333X. It was now only 7.3' arcseconds in size, which is very small Notable Events: (only about twice the size of Uranus!). Observation of some of these events may I saw that Betelgeuse was significantly require a telescope, although some will be brighter than Bellatrix, (last year it was visible with the naked eye. More information actually fainter, during its weird fading), and at https://in-the-sky.org about the same magnitude as Rigel. 9 Mar: Conjunction of Moon and Saturn I tried again for the "Pup", or Sirius B but, 10 Mar: Conjunction of Moon and Jupiter once again, I could not see it! The bright 19 Mar: Conjunction of Moon and Mars glare of Sirius just obliterates it, although, if it 26 Mar: Venus at greatest brightness was widely separated from Sirius, it would be (ironically) easy to see, as it is only Collected Observations (and thoughts) magnitude 8! But because of its extreme – Gary Walker proximity to Sirius, it is a notoriously difficult object to see. Latest Observations - 10 Feb How Dark is my Night Sky? - 11 Feb On the first clear night for ages, (10th February) I went out on a bitterly cold night, My night sky must classify on the Bortle with snow on the ground! Scale at No 6, as a "bright suburban sky" or, at best, a "suburban sky" (No 5). Every year The Countryside Charity, or CPRE, asks people to count how many The Milky Way, in the Summer months is naked eye stars can be seen within the faintly visible, overhead. However, if you are constellation of Orion. The objective of this lucky enough to experience No 1, on this exercise is to assess how dark the UK skies Scale, you could see stars down to magnitude 8 (officially, the faintest star visible Of course, the Society has been doing Zoom to the naked eye is usually classified as meetings since last October, but I didn't know magnitude 6). I would expect people in a No how to get onto them, then! Since that time, 1 area to actually be able to see Neptune they have become "The New Normal". with the naked eye, as it is magnitude 7.7! Anywhere else, it needs binoculars, to be Latest Observations - 16 Feb seen. On 16th February, I checked up on two At the other end of the scale, in the lowest variable stars. Mira was now about Bortle Class (No9 - an inner-city sky), you magnitude 8 (thus, near its minimum), and R could only see stars down to Magnitude 4. Lepus, was probably about the same magnitude. However, R Lepus appeared Maurice Gavin - 12 Feb orange in colour and not the beautiful pink/red colour that I have seen it, when it is I saw in the February issue of "Astronomy at minimum. Now" magazine on page 75, in an article on Zeta Cancri, a triple star in the constellation When I was looking for a faint deep sky of Cancer, there are two sketches of this object, I saw an area of fuzz in the field of system, one of them, by the "late, great, view, but I quickly realised that it wasn't real - Maurice Gavin". It also said that he was "a it was just the reflection of light from a bright pioneering imager and observer"! crescent Moon! I have been caught out by this before, when something like a house My First EAS Zoom MeetinG - 12 Feb light, creates an area of fuzz in the field of view, thus masquerading as a galaxy, or 12th February was a milestone for me - I comet, so care is needed to determine "attended" my first ever Zoom meeting with whether an area of fuzz, is genuine. this Society! Mars was slightly brighter than Aldeberan, After a few mistakes, I managed to join the and about the same magnitude as "meeting", and I could see some of the Betelgeuse.
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