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Intelllifecivil00schorich.Pdf University of California Berkeley Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California University History Series Department of History at Berkeley Carl E. Schorske INTELLECTUAL LIFE, CIVIL LIBERTARIAN ISSUES, AND THE STUDENT MOVEMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 1960-1969 With Introductions by James J. Sheehan and Reginald E. Zelnik Interviews Conducted by Ann Lage in 1996 and 1997 Copyright O 2000 by The Regents of the University of California Since 195A the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Carl E. Schorske dated October 10, 1999. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 9A720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Carl E. Schorske require that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Carl E. Schorske, "Intellectual Life, Civil Libertarian Issues, and the Student Movement at the University of California, Berkeley, 1960-1969," an oral history conducted in 1996 and 1997 by Ann Lage, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2000. Copy no. Carl Schorske, 1989. Photo by Jerry Bauer. Cataloguing information SCHORSKE, Carl E. (b. 1915) Professor of History Intellectual Life, Civil Libertarian Issues, and the Student Movement at the University of California, Berkeley, 1960-1969, 2000, xvi, 203 pp. From Wesleyan University to the Department of History at Berkeley, 1960; thoughts on Catholics and Jews in academia; faculty life and politics on campus and in the history department: the Arts Club, Joseph Kerman, Thomas Kuhn, Carl Bridenbaugh, Raymond Sontag; chairing the history department, 1962-1963: free speech issues re SLATE and communist speakers on campus; reflections on the Free Speech Movement, 1964-1965, and faculty response; assistant chancellor for educational development under Roger Heyns, 1965-1966, campus efforts at educational reform; anti-war and third-world movements on campus; leaving Berkeley for Princeton, 1969; Schorske s teaching and writings on European intellectual history. Introductions by James J. Sheehan, professor of history, Stanford University, and Reginald E. Zelnik, professor of history, UC Berkeley. Interviewed 1996, 1997 by Ann Lage for the Department of History at Berkeley Series, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Bancroft Library, on behalf of future researchers, wishes to thank the following persons and organizations whose contributions have made possible the oral histories in the Department of History at Berkeley series. Department of History, University of California, Berkeley with funds from the Sidney Hellman Ehrman Professorship of European History A.F. and May T. Morrison Professorship of History Jane K. Sather Chair in History Abraham D. Shepard Chair in History and the following individuals: Carroll Brentano Delmer M. Brown Gene A. Brucker Randolph and Frances Starn In Memory of Ursula Griswold Blngham: Dana T. Bartholomew James Tyler Patterson, Jr. John S. Service TABLE OF CONTENTS- -Carl E. Schorske f PREFACE i INTRODUCTION by James J. Sheehan iv INTRODUCTION by Reginald E. Zelnik vii INTERVIEW HISTORY by Ann Lage xiii BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION xvi I COMING TO BERKELEY, 1960: TOWN, CAMPUS, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY 1 The View from Wesleyan of the Loyalty Oath Controversy 1 Lecturing at Berkeley, 1959: The Excitement of the Public University 3 Settling In: Social Connections, and Thoughts on Catholicism and Academia 5 Entering the Intellectual Life of the Campus: The Arts Club and Other Interdisciplinary Connections 8 The Postwar Generation s Interest in Intellectual History 10 Intradepartmental Politics: Thomas Kuhn, Carl Bridenbaugh, Raymond Sontag 11 A Vocational Mission and a Humanistic View of History 14 Involvement in Civil Libertarian Issues 17 Political Tolerance within the History Department, the Nature of the Discipline 18 II FREE SPEECH ISSUES AT BERKELEY 24 Appointed Chair of the Department, 1962 24 Organizing a Historians Petition on the Bay of Pigs 25 Protesting University Policies on Slate and the Use of the University Name 26 Sponsoring an Off -Campus Colloquium with Herbert Aptheker, March 1963 28 Moderating the Appearance of Mickey Lima, First American Communist to Speak on Campus, July 1963 31 Thoughts on the University in Society, and Instability and Intellectual Creativity 33 Shifting Political Spectrums in the Sixties 37 Free Speech Movement --Some Recollections 38 The Emergency Executive Committee: Selection and Role 38 Interpreting the University to Alumni and Regents 43 Resentments toward Clark Kerr 44 Beyond Free Speech: Filthy Speech, Sexual Liberation, Anti-War, Third World, and Women s Movements 47 Liberating the Educational Imagination 50 III FACULTY RETENTION AND RECRUITMENT, AND DIVERSITY ON CAMPUS IN THE SIXTIES 55 Some Departing Faculty: Landes, Rosovsky, and Kuhn 55 Thorough, Comparative Searches for New Faculty in History 58 George Stocking, Robert Paxton, Werner Angress 59 Promoting to Tenure from within the Department 63 Considerations in Hiring a Historian 66 Women Faculty and Grad Students, and an Aside on Raymond Sontag 69 Religious and Cultural Diversity and Prejudices, in Society and on Campus 73 Social Diversity at Berkeley in the Sixties 78 Thomas Kuhn: A Historian and Philosopher of Science 79 IV MORE REFLECTIONS ON THE FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT 86 Maintaining Freedom of Thought in a Public University 86 Opposing Centralization: The Byrne Report 87 Press Treatment of FSM 91 A Memorable Meeting with FSM Leaders 95 Teaching and the Intellectual Atmosphere during FSM 96 V EDUCATIONAL REFORM AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN THE WAKE OF FSM 100 Charles Muscatine and the Commission on Educational Reform 100 Cultural Side Issues to the Free Speech "Revolution" 103 Personal Response to Cultural Changes of the Sixties 106 a A Range of Responses to Revolutionary Situation: Heyns , Meyerson, Searle, and the "Yellow Submarine" 109 Efforts to Improve Faculty-Student Dialogue 112 Considering Corresponding Changes in Catholicism 118 Rethinking and Adapting Academic Traditions 121 Media Representations of Berkeley Teaching: "Berkeley Rebels" 123 Architectural Re-formation 125 Legacies of the Sixties: Institutional and Intellectual 127 Responding to the Postwar Shift to Formalism 127 Difficulty of Constructing the Grand Narrative: Fin-de- slecJe Vienna 130 Leaving Berkeley for Princeton, 1969 133 TAPE GUIDE 138 APPENDIX A Carl E. Schorske, A Life of Learning. Charles Homer Haskins Lecture, Apr. 23, 1987; American Council of Learned Societies, ACSL Occasional Paper No. 1 139 B Memorandum to President Kerr and Chancellor Strong on the suspension of SLATE, August 23, 1961 151 C Letter re use of the university s name, June 11, 1962 154 D Letter re History Colloquium with Herbert Aptheker, March 13, 1963 156 E Letters re the appearance of Albert Lima on campus in July 1963 159 F "Professional Ethics and Public Crisis: A Historian s Reflections," by Carl E. Schorske, March 1968 166 G List of nominees to Emergency Executive Committee, December 8, 1964 172 H Proposal for graduate program in cultural history, December 1965 175 I Carl E. Schorske, Curriculum Vitae 181 INDEX 187 UNIVERSITY HISTORY SERIES LIST 192 PREFACE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AT BERKELEY ORAL HISTORY SERIES The Department of History at Berkeley oral history series grew out of Gene Brucker s (Professor of History, 1954-1991) 1995 Faculty Research Lecture on "History at Berkeley." In developing his lecture on the transformations in the UC Berkeley Department of History in the latter half of
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