DOCSLIB.ORG

Subsistence Fish Farming in Africa: a Technical Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Subsistence Fish Farming in Africa: a Technical Manual ACF INTERNATIONAL Subsistence fish farming in Africa: a technical manual Yves FERMON In collaboration with: Aımara Cover photos: Ö Top right: Tilapia zillii - © Anton Lamboj Ö Top left: Pond built by ACF in DRC, 2008 - © François Charrier Ö Bottom: Beneficiaries in front of the pond they have built. Liberia, ASUR, 2006 - © Yves Fermon ii Subsistence fishfarming in Africa Subsistence fishfarming in Africa OBJECTIVES OF THE MANUAL Ö The objective of this manual is to explain how to build facilities that produce ani- mal protein — fish — using minimal natural resources and minimal external supplies. These fish are being produced for the purpose of subsistence. Ö It is possible to produce edible fish in a short time and at a low cost in order to to compensate for a lack of animal protein available in a community and to do so sustai- nably. However, facilities must be adapted to the environmental context. This manual is a guide for: ¾ Program managers and their technical teams; ¾ Managers at headquarters who are monitoring program success. This manual covers: Ö The different stages of starting of a «fish farming» program As soon as teams arrive on the ground, they must evaluate the resources available, the needs of the population, and existing supplies. This assessment is followed by the technical work of ins- talling fish ponds. When this is done, the next stage is to manage and monitor the ponds and the production of fish. Ö Constraints on field workers The determination of whether fish farming is appropriate in a particular location and if so, of which type, will depend upon many environmental variables. These include available resources, geomorphology, climate and local hydrology. But they also include social and cultural factors, such as beliefs and taboos, land issues and laws. The success of different methods will vary depending on the region of intervention as well as the concerns of ethnic and social groups. WHY ANOTHER HANDBOOK? Several organizations have published fish farming manuals for Africa. The first books described systems in place during the colonial period, with the aim of producing fish for food self-sufficiency. However, after many trials, the majority of these methods proved to be unsustainable over the long term, for a variety of reasons. Studies undertaken by various national or international research agencies, such as the World Fish Center (formerly ICLARM), CIRAD, IRD (ex ORSTOM), Universities of Louvain and Liège, etc. have investigated these failures, proposed solutions, and contributed technical, social, and biologi- cal information. However, the following generalizations hold for most existing literature: 9 Most handbooks are concerned with the production of fish for sale, implying: ¾ A substantial investment in time and commercialisation of the enterprise. These systems are technologically advanced and require training of technicians on the reproduction, nutrition or health of fish, so that they can put into place systems to produce food to feed the fish. Such an enterprise requires external inputs that may present a barrier for small producers. ¾ Substantial financial investment in land, pond building, hiring of workers and qualified technicians, etc. 9 These handbooks did not take account of local biodiversity. Indeed, farmers were encou- raged to move or introduce many species into new areas, causing significant ecological damage. Subsistence fishfarming in Africa III 9 Although the documents present supposedly universal solutions, they fail to adequately take into account the great variation in geomorphology, hydrology and climate across Africa that neces- sarily dictates what kind of fish farming implementation is possible. 9 Few existing manuals take into account socio-ethnological factors such as differences in education, beliefs and culture that will influence acceptance of fish farming installations. 9 Most of these guides are designed for development projects that have a long timeline. LIMITS OF THIS HANDBOOK This handbook is primarily a guide to steps and procedures for workers to follow. Howe- ver, these steps and procedures must be adapted to function in the context in which the pro- ject will be implemented. Considerations include: 9 Social, cultural and political perspectives ¾ Culture and belief Food taboos exist to varying degrees in all cultures. Beliefs about food, the basic element of subsistence, often include distinctions between allowed and forbidden, pure and impure. These distinctions may be fundamental to health, morality, or symbolic systems in a particular culture. ¾ Local law Every country has enacted laws concerning wildlife protection and movement of species from one region to another. These laws can be enacted at the regional level and at all administrative levels, down to the village itself. They may also be related to land issues. 9 Environmental perspectives: ¾ Biodiversity and available resources There are over 3200 identified fish species in inland Africa, belonging to 94 families. However, not all of them can be exploited. Distribution of species is not uniform across the continent and some species exist only in limited areas. For example, the majority of species in the African Great Lakes are endemic to them. Field workers should have extensive knowledge of the local fish fauna, not just traditionally exploited species that are often be exotic to the area of implementation. They should also understand the ecological risks of fish farming. ¾ Geomorphology, climate and hydrology The diversity of wildlife across the continent is a result of historical and geological events that occurred over millions of years. In that time, there have been major hydrological changes. On a smaller time scale, climate variations are crucial for the viability of fish. The availability of water, and the different uses to which it is put (drinking, domestic use, agriculture, etc.) limits viability and can be a source of conflict. The type of terrain and the nature of the soil in the region will present techni- cal challenges to establishing ponds. STEPS This first manual is intended for internal use within the Action Against Hunger network, so distri- bution will be limited. If interest warrants, a manual with corrections and revisions may be published at a later time for wider distribution. For space considerations, only the most important sources of information used in preparing this manual are listed. iv Subsistence fishfarming in Africa Subsistence fishfarming in Africa ACRONYMS ACF/AAH: Action Contre la Faim / Action Against Hunger AIMARA: Association of specialists working for the development and ap- plication of knowledge about fish and man-nature relationships APDRA-F: Association of Pisciculture and Rural Development ASUR: Association for Agronomy and Applied Sciences for Vulnerable Populations CIRAD: Center for International Cooperation in Agronomic Research for Development CNRS: National Center for Scientific Research (France) FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations IRD: Institute for Development Research (France) MNHN: National Museum of Natural History (Paris) UNO: United Nations Organization NGO: Non-Governmental Organization GIS: Geographic Information System BDC: Biological Diversity Convention IBI: Index of Biological Integrity DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo (ex-Zaïre) Subsistence fishfarming in Africa V Aımara Association of specialists working for the development and the application of knowledge about fish and Man-Nature relationships The management of water and aquatic environments represents one of the major challenges for the future. Fish are a source of good quality protein for human consumption and also a source of considerable income for developing as well as developed countries. However, population growth, urban development, dam installations, industrialization, climate change, and deforestation have irreversible consequences on inland waterways and the biodiversity — including our own species — that depend on them. Ö Goals Research 9 To improve ichthyological knowledge — systematic, physiological, ecological, ethologi- cal — on freshwater, brackish and marine species. 9 To highlight knowledge and practices relating to fishing and management of biodiversity and their modes of transmission. Diffusion of knowledge 9 To disseminate the results of these studies to local populations, the general public and the scientific community by publications, exhibitions, and via the media and Internet. Sustainable management of environment and resources 9 To foster sensitivity to the social, cultural, culinary, economic and patrimonial values of local communities with the aim of effective conservation and management of biodiversity; 9 To collaborate with the local actors in the durable management of their aquatic resources. Ö Scope of activities • Studies of the characteristics of environments and human impacts. • Studies of the biology, biogeography, ecology and behavior of species. • Studies of anthropological and socio-economic factors in man’s relation to the Biosphere. • Ecosystem modeling, statistical analysis. • Development of databases. • Consulting and faunistic inventories. Association AÏMARA 50 avenue de La Dhuys 93170 Bagnolet - FRANCE [email protected] vi Subsistence fishfarming in Africa Subsistence fishfarming in Africa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ö ACF Devrig VELLY - Senior Food Security Advisor, ACF Cédric BERNARD - Food Security Advisor in DRC, ACF François CHARRIER - Food Security Advisor in DRC, ACF, Rereader Ö Aimara François
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, IIC:63.2011.539, 8 Pages
    The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, IIC:63.2011.539, 8 pages The IJA appears exclusively as a peer- reviewed on -line Open Access journal at http://www.siamb.org.il Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden. Effect of Three Diets on Growth and Survival Rates of African Catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis Larvae Yao Laurent Alla1*, Ble Melecony Célestin1, Atse Boua Célestin1, Kone Tidiani2 1 Centre de Recherches Océanologiques, BPV 18 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 2 Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire (Received 23.2.10, Accepted 14.4.10) Key words: Heterobranchus bidorsalis, growth, survival, Artemia salina, beef brain, formulated food Abstract Investigations are underway in the Centre de Recherches Océanologiques d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) to find whether the catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis) could be an interesting aquaculture species. Within this framework a 28-day aquarium culture feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of three diets (Artemia salina nauplii, beef brain enriched with vitamins, and a compound food) on the growth and survival rates in 2-day post hatch H. bidorsalis. The feeding experiments started after the yolk sac of the larvae was absorbed (initial mean weight = 2.03±0.38 mg). Larvae fed Artemia nauplii had a higher growth rate (final mean weight = 708.60±411.61 mg] than those fed beef brain (381.81±118.88 mg) or compound food (102.72±48.09 mg). Conversely, the beef brain diet yielded a better survival rate (70.47±9.48%) than the Artemia nauplii (38.72±7.74%) or the compound diet (5.37±2.24%).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus of Miniature Cynolebiasine from the Atlantic
    64 (1): 23 – 33 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2014. 16.5.2014 A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Wilson J. E. M. Costa Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944 – 970, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; wcosta(at)acd.ufrj.br Accepted 21.ii.2014. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on 30.iv.2014. Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males.Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy. Mudskippers
    Chapter of the edited collection: Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy. Mudskippers: human use, ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of mangrove and other soft bottom intertidal ecosystems. Gianluca Polgar 1 and Richard Lim 2 1Institute of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel. +603-7967-4609 / 4182; e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]. Web site: www.themudskipper.org 2Centre for Environmental Sustainability, School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract (269) Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) are air-breathing gobies, which are widely distributed throughout the West African coast and the Indo-Pacific region. They are closely linked to mangrove and adjacent soft bottom peri-tidal ecosystems. Some species are amongst the best adapted fishes to an amphibious lifestyle. All mudskippers are benthic burrowers in anoxic sediments, and since tidal mudflats are efficient sediment traps, and sinks for nutrients and other chemical compounds, they are constantly in contact with several types of pollutants produced by industrial, agricultural and domestic activities. Due to their natural abundance, considerable resistance to highly polluted conditions, and their benthic habits, mudskippers are frequently used in aquatic ecotoxicological studies. For the same reasons, mudskippers also frequently occur in urbanised or semi-natural coastal areas. Since several species are widely consumed throughout their whole geographical range, these same characteristics also facilitate their aquaculture in several countries, such as Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines, China, Taiwan and Japan. Even when not directly used, mudskippers are often abundant and are important prey items for many intertidal transient species (marine visitors), and several species of shorebirds.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Speciose Family Characidae
    Oliveira et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling Claudio Oliveira1*, Gleisy S Avelino1, Kelly T Abe1, Tatiane C Mariguela1, Ricardo C Benine1, Guillermo Ortí2, Richard P Vari3 and Ricardo M Corrêa e Castro4 Abstract Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • One of the World's Worst Invasive Species, Clarias Batrachus
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2020) 50 (4): 391–400 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/03028 ONE OF THE WORLD’S WORST INVASIVE SPECIES, CLARIAS BATRACHUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: SILURIFORMES: CLARIIDAE), HAS ARRIVED AND ESTABLISHED A POPULATION IN TURKEY Özgür EMİROĞLU 1, M. Altuğ ATALAY 2, F. Güler EKMEKÇİ 3, Sadi AKSU 4, Sercan BAŞKURT 1, Emre KESKIN 5, Esra M. ÜNAL 5, 6, Baran YOĞURTÇUOĞLU 3, and A. Serhan TARKAN*7, 8 1Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Eskişehir, Turkey 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ankara, Turkey 3Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey 4Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir, Turkey 5Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey 6Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey 7Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla, Turkey 8Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland Emiroğlu Ö., Atalay M.A., Ekmekçi F.G., Aksu S., Başkurt S., Keskin E., Ünal E.M., Yoğurtçuoğlu B., Tarkan A.S. 2020. One of the world’s worst invasive species, Clarias batrachus (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Clariidae), has arrived and established a population in Turkey. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 50 (4): 391–400. Background. Ornamental freshwater fish releases constitute a remarkable proportion of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. Early detection and knowledge of likely introduction vectors and pathways of potentially invasive fishes into sensitive habitats are key for their proper management, hence rapid and correct identification of their occurrence is crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Rodi Omondi Ojoo
    Dr. Rodi Omondi Ojoo Contacts: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology University of Nairobi P.O.Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: +2542 4442014/5/6 ext 2300 Cell No: 0722679680 Fax: + 2542 4451770 Email: [email protected] Education: Ph.D. Veterinary Anatomy (Reproductive Biology ), University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2006. M.Sc. Veterinary Anatomy (Reproductive Biology), University of Nairobi, 1996. B.V.M. University of Nairobi, 1990. Positions held: 1996- 2014: Lecturer in Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi 1990-1996: Assistant lecturer in Department of Veterinary Anatomy of University of Nairobi. 1985-1986: Research assistant for 7 months at the Biomedical Research Centre of the Kenya Medical Research Institute. Professional affiliations: Member of the Kenya Veterinary Association Veterinary Surgeon registered by the Kenya Veterinary Board as No. 1289 Duties: Lectures and examination (Veterinary Anatomy) of Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and BSc. Wildlife Management, undergraduate students. Lectures and examination of Reproductive biology to postgraduate students Have been member of boards for examination of a number of MSc. Students. Have been internal examiner of MSc. Thesis Other responsibilities: - Chairman, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety, Animal use and Ethics Committee - Reviewer for the Kenya Veterinarian, a Journal of the Kenya Veterinary Association Publications: Theses: 1. Ojoo, R.O. (2006) Comparison and characterisation of specific fertilisation proteins in human (Homo sapiens) and baboon (Papio anubis) spermatozoa. Ph.D thesis , University of Nairobi. 2. Ojoo, R.O. (1995) A morphological and endocrinological study of the male reproductive system of the male reproductive system of the thick-tailed bush baby (Galago garnetti).
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Systems: a Solution for Sustainability
    Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems: A solution for sustainability Kapil S. Sukhdhane1, V. Kripa2, Divu, D.1, Vinay Kumar Vase1 and Suresh Kumar Mojjada1 1. Veraval Regional Center of ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Bhidia plot, Veraval, Gujarat 362269, India; 2. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.O., Cochin 682018, India. Marine aquaculture is increasingly seen as an alternative organic and inorganic) when cultivated alongside fed fi sh to fi shing to provide a growing human population with species (Chopin et al. 2001; Neori et al. 2004; Troell et al. high-quality protein. Capture fi sheries output is falling short of 2003). world demand, and annual consumption of seafood has been rising and doubled over the last three decades (FAO, 2000). Fed aquaculture species (e.g. fi nfi sh/shrimps) are combined, Aquaculture production has surpassed supplies from capture in the appropriate proportions, with organic extractive fi sheries and contributed around 51% to global fi sh production aquaculture species (e.g. suspension feeders/deposit in 2014. Over the past three decades aquaculture production feeders/herbivorous fi sh) and inorganic extractive aquaculture increased from 6.2 million tonnes in 1983 to 73.8 million species (e.g. seaweeds), for a balanced ecosystem manage- tonnes in 2014 (FAO, 2016). This achievement was possible ment approach that takes into consideration site specifi city, mainly because of the commercialisation of farm produced operational limits, and food safety guidelines and regulations. aquatic animals such as shrimp, salmon, bivalves, tilapia The integrated in IMTA refers to the more intensive cultivation and catfi sh.
    [Show full text]
  • A Replacement Name for the Preoccupied Genus Name Adamas Huber, 1979 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes)
    _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2006___________ 167 A REPLACEMENT NAME FOR THE PREOCCUPIED GENUS NAME ADAMAS HUBER, 1979 (ACTINOPTERYGII: CYPRINODONTIFORMES) Hüseyin Özdikmen*, Nazmi Polat**, Mahmut Yılmaz*** and Okan Yazıcıoğlu*** * Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mail: [email protected] ** Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mail: [email protected] *** Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara / TÜRKİYE, e-mails: [email protected]; [Özdikmen, H., Polat, N., Yılmaz, M. & Yazıcıoğlu, O. 2006. A replacement name for the preoccupied genus name Adamas Huber, 1979 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 1 (1): 167-168] ABSTRACT: A replacement name, Fenerbahce is proposed for the genus name Adamas Huber, 1979 in the fish family Aplocheilidae (Cyprinodontiformes). KEY WORDS: Fenerbahce, Adamas, homonymy, replacement name, Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae. Class Actinopterygii Order Cyprinodontiformes Family Aplocheilidae Genus Fenerbahce nom. nov. Adamas Huber, 1979. Journal Am. Killifish Ass. 12 (6): 166 and Revue fr. Aquariol. Herpetol. 6 (1): 6. (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Aplocheilidae: Aplocheilinae). Preoccupied by Adamas Malaise, 1945. Opusc. ent., Lund, Suppl. 4, 97. (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinoidea: Tenthredinidae: Allantinae: Adamasini). The genus name Adamas was proposed by Malaise, 1945 as an objective replacement name of the genus Dinax Konow, 1897 with the type species Dinax jakowleffi Konow, 1897. For the present, the genus Adamas Malaise, 1945 includes six species (Wei, 2004). Subsequently, the genus Adamas was described by Huber, 1979 with the type species Adamas formosus Huber, 1979 by monotypy from in front of Ntokou village near the banks of Likouala-Mossaka River, Congo.
    [Show full text]
  • Proximate Composition and Technological Properties of Wild African Catfish Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus (Lacépède1802)
    American Journal of Agricultural Science 2015; 2(2): 54-58 Published online March 30, 2015 (http://www.aascit.org/journal/ajas) Proximate Composition and Technological Properties of Wild African Catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède1802) Oramadike C. E. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research P.M.B. 2729, Victoria Island Lagos State Nigeria Email address [email protected] Citation Keywords Oramadike C. E.. Proximate Composition and Technological Properties of Wild African Catfish Technological Properties, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède1802). American Journal of Agricultural Science. Body Characteristics, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2015, pp. 54-58. Yield Indices, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Abstract The African catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède1802), is an omnivorous species cultured in both fresh and brackish waters because of its good growth rate, excellent taste, and high market demand. C. nigrodigitatus were collected from a fish Received: March 9, 2015 landing site at Ogudu/Agboyi Lagos lagoon fishing grounds on monthly basis for six Revised: March 26, 2015 months within March to August 2013. The proximate and technological properties (body Accepted: March 27, 2015 characteristics and yield indices) of wild C. nigrodigitatus were carried out. The proximate composition showed that protein in the edible tissue of the fish was 18.70% the lipid, ash and moisture contents were 4.50, 1.3 and 75.5% respectively. The mean and Standard deviation values of Total length (cm) and weight (g) were 27.69±2.05 and 159.87±28.48 respectively. However, the data obtained for the yield characteristic revealed a mean decrease in the order of fillet, head, frame and gut 43.92 > 32.38 > 17.06 > 5.74.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquaponics Division of Agriculture RESOURCES April 2015
    Alaska Department of Fact Sheet NATURAL Aquaponics Division of Agriculture RESOURCES April 2015 What is Aquaponics? a manner that allows it to be certified, check with the organic Aquaponics is a food production system that links hydroponic certification agency prior to constructing the system. crop production with aquaculture (fish farming). Unlike open- water aquaculture, aquaponics generally operates on land, BE AWARE – Aquaponics is regulated in Alaska and results in production of a food crop. Aquaponics is not a To ensure that your aquaponics system is legal, check with new concept; crops and fish have been grown together for the Alaska Department of Fish & Game. Growing fish for many centuries. However, aquaponics systems are becoming human consumption (including by aquaponic methods) is very popular due to their efficiency, high productivity, and NOT legal in the State of Alaska, and the importation and minimal impact to the environment. transport of most live fish in the state is prohibited without a permit. Fish that are strictly ornamental (such as goldfish) and How Does Aquaponics Work? not raised for human consumption or sport fishing purposes Aquaponics takes advantage of the fact that plants can thrive in the nutrient-rich water from fish ponds. Plants and may be imported into the state and used in a closed system, associated microbes convert byproducts such as ammonia but they may not be reared in or released into the waters of and CO2 to beneficial products such as nitrate and oxygen, the state. Fish wastes and wastewater from ornamental fish in a semi-closed system. may also not be released to the waters of the state.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Discriminates Freshwater Fishes from Southeastern Nigeria and Provides River System-Level Phylogeographic Resoluti
    Mitochondrial DNA, 2011; Early Online: 1–9 DNA barcoding discriminates freshwater fishes from southeastern Nigeria and provides river system-level phylogeographic resolution within some species CHRISTOPHER D. NWANIa, SVEN BECKERb, HEATHER E. BRAIDb, EMMANUEL F. UDEc, OKECHUKWU I. OKOGWUa, & ROBERT HANNERb aDepartment of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria, bDepartment of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, and cFisheries and Aquaculture, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria (Received 17 August 2010; revised 28 October 2010; accepted 28 October 2010) Abstract Background and aims: Fishes are the main animal protein source for human beings and play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems and food webs. Fish identification can be challenging, especially in the tropics (due to high diversity), and this is particularly true for larval forms or fragmentary remains. DNA barcoding, which uses the 50 region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) as a target gene, is an efficient method for standardized species-level identification for biodiversity assessment and conservation, pending the establishment of reference sequence libraries. Materials and methods: In this study, fishes were collected from three rivers in southeastern Nigeria, identified morphologically, and imaged digitally. DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified, and the standard barcode region was bidirectionally sequenced for 363 individuals belonging to 70 species in 38 genera. All specimen provenance data and associated sequence information were For personal use only. recorded in the barcode of life data systems (BOLD; www.barcodinglife.org). Analytical tools on BOLD were used to assess the performance of barcoding to identify species. Results: Using neighbor-joining distance comparison, the average genetic distance was 60-fold higher between species than within species, as pairwise genetic distance estimates averaged 10.29% among congeners and only 0.17% among conspecifics.
    [Show full text]
  • Endoparazitická Monogenea (Platyhelminthes): Druhová Diverzita a Spektrum Hostitelů
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOTANIKY A ZOOLOGIE ENDOPARAZITICKÁ MONOGENEA (PLATYHELMINTHES): DRUHOVÁ DIVERZITA A SPEKTRUM HOSTITELŮ Bakalářská práce Jitka Fojtů Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Eva Řehulková, Ph.D. Brno 2016 Bibliografický záznam Autor Jitka Fojtů Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Endoparasitická monogenea (Platyhelminthes): druhová diverzita a spektrum hostitelů Studijní program Ekologická a evoluční biologie Studijní obor: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Eva Řehulková, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2015/2016 Počet stran: 146 Klíčová slova: Monogenea; Amphibdellatidae; Anoplodiscidae; Capsalidae; Chimaericolidae; Dactylogyridae; Diclidophoridae; Gyrodactylidae; Hexabothriidae; Iagotrematidae; Lagarocotylidae; Microbothriidae; Monocotylidae; Montchadskyellidae; Polystomatidae; Urogyridae; Amphibia; Polystoma; močový měchýř; nosní dutiny; močovody; check list; adaptace; endoparazitismus Bibliographic Entry Author Jitka Fojtů Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Thesis: Endoparasitic Monogenea (Platyhelminthes): Species diversity and host spectrum Degree programme: Ekological and Evolutionary Biology Field of Study: Ekological and Evolutionary Biology Supervisor: Mgr. Eva Řehulková, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2015/2016 Number of Pages: 146 Keywords: Monogenea; Amphibdellatidae; Anoplodiscidae; Capsalidae; Dactylogyridae; Diclidophoridae; Gyrodactylidae; Hexabothriidae; Iagotrematidae; Lagarocotylidae; Microbothriidae;
    [Show full text]