Hunting Butts Farm Cheltenham Gloucestershire
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HUNTING BUTTS FARM CHELTENHAM GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION For THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION PARTNERSHIP on behalf of GALLIARD HOMES LTD CA PROJECT: 3311 CA REPORT: 11004 JANUARY 2011 HUNTING BUTTS FARM CHELTENHAM GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION CA PROJECT: 3311 CA REPORT: 11004 prepared by Steven Sheldon, Project Supervisor date 06 January 2011 checked by Richard Young, Project Manager date 06 January 2011 approved by Mark Collard, Head of Contracts signed date 07 January 2011 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-6) .......................................................................................... 5 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 7 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 7 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 8 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS..................................................................... 9 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS............................................................................................... 12 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ........................................................................... 13 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan, showing archaeological features and geophysics (1:1250) Fig. 3 Trench 7; section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 4 Prestbury deer park boundary, looking south-east Fig. 5 Trench 14; section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 6 Trenches 15 and 18; sections (1:20) 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Hunting Butts Farm Location: Cheltenham, Gloucestershire NGR: SO 9483 2442 Type: Evaluation Date: 13 December 2010 – 6 January 2011 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum Site Code: HBF10 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in December 2010 and January 2011 at Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. Eighteen trenches were excavated. The evaluation identified a small number of archaeological features in four trenches. Ditches identified in two trenches would appear to confirm the presence of the southern boundary of the medieval Prestbury deer park, identified by an earlier geophysical survey. However both features appear to be re-cut, presumably to maintain the boundary for use as a drainage ditch or field boundary, through the post-medieval period. Undated treethrows/pits were also identified in two trenches. The remaining features encountered across the site correlate closely with the preceding geophysical survey and comprise the remains of ridge and furrow cultivation. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In December 2010 and January 2011 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for The Environmental Dimension Partnership on behalf of Galliard Homes Ltd at Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: SO 9483 2442; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to accompany a proposed planning application for residential development. 1.2 The programme of archaeological evaluation was carried out in accordance with a recommendation by Mr Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), the archaeological advisor to Cheltenham Borough Council (CBC), and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2010) and approved by Mr Parry. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire (GCC 1995), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The site 1.3 The site is approximately 10ha in area, and is located on the north-western edge of Cheltenham. It comprises two fields, currently under pasture. The site is bordered to the south by the B4075, to the east by residential properties and to the west and north by farmland. The northern part of the site lies at c. 70m AOD and falls steeply to c. 50m AOD at its southern margins. 1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Charmouth Mudstone formation, which is overlain in the north-eastern corner of the site by Cheltenham Sand and Gravel (BGS 2011). The natural substrate encountered in trenches 1-16 comprised compact lias clays containing occasional patches of gravel. A yellowish orange sand and gravel substrate was identified in trenches 17 and 18. Archaeological background 1.5 A Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) for the site has previously been prepared (CgMs 2009). This assessment noted that there were no records of demonstrably 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation prehistoric activity within the site or its immediate vicinity. A Roman coin was found at allotments in Swindon Road, c. 700m to the south-west of the site (Historic Environment Record (HER) No. 9357). There is evidence of Roman activity c. 2km to the west of the site near Swindon village and a Roman agricultural landscape, dating to the 1st-3rd centuries AD, in the St James’ area towards the centre of Cheltenham to the south (CgMs 2009, 10). 1.6 A possible moat or fishpond was recorded to the east of site, on what is now Cheltenham race course. Other moated medieval sites have been identified at Swindon Hall, Swindon Village (HER No. 6976), located c. 750m to the west of the site, and at Prestbury Park, near Cheltenham race course (HER No. 7358) located c. 500m to the north-east. There was also a larger medieval settlement at Cheltenham, c. 1.75m to the south of the site (CgMs 2009, 10-11). 1.7 The southern boundary of the medieval Prestbury deer park, enclosed by a ditch and bank levelled in 1610, lies within the southern part of the site (HER no. 34145). 1.8 The 1887 edition of the Ordnance Survey map shows post-Enclosure agricultural fields across the study site (CgMs 2009, 11). 1.9 A geophysical survey, carried out on the site in 2010 (BCC 2010), identified a number of anomalies indicative of ridge and furrow cultivation along with a small number of discrete anomalies suggestive of archaeological features. Archaeological objectives 1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This information will assist CBC’s archaeological advisor in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it arising from the proposed development. Methodology 1.11 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 18 trenches, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Trenches 1-16 measured 50m in length and 1.8m in width. Trenches 8 and 9 were moved slightly due to their proximity to hedgerows 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Hunting Butts Farm, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation and trees. Trenches 17 and 18 were shortened due to their proximity to modern services. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using a Leica 1200 series SmartRover GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2009). 1.12 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007). 1.13 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). No deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (2010). 1.13 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner, the artefacts will be deposited with Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project,