Christiansen, E.H., and Keith, J.D., 1996, Trace Element Systematics In
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Role of Trace Minerals in Animal Production
ROLE OF TRACE MINERALS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION What Do I Need to Know About Trace Minerals for Beef and Dairy Cattle, Horses, Sheep and Goats? Connie K. Larson, Ph.D. Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation Eden Praire, MN 55344 Presented at the 2005 Nutrition Conference sponsored by Department of Animal Science, UT Extension and University Professional and Personal Development The University of Tennessee. Introduction The role of trace minerals in animal production is an area of strong interest for producers, feed manufactures, veterinarians and scientists. Adequate trace mineral intake and absorption is required for a variety of metabolic functions including immune response to pathogenic challenge, reproduction and growth. Mineral supplementation strategies quickly become complex because differences in trace mineral status of all livestock and avian species is critical in order to obtain optimum production in modern animal production systems. Subclinical or marginal deficiencies may be a larger problem than acute mineral deficiency because specific clinical symptoms are not evident to allow the producer to recognize the deficiency; however, animals continue to grow and reproduce but at a reduced rate. As animal trace mineral status declines immunity and enzyme functions are compromised first, followed by a reduction in maximum growth and fertility, and finally normal growth and fertility decrease prior to evidence of clinical deficiency (Figure 1; Fraker, 1983; Wikse 1992). In order to maintain animals in adequate trace mineral status, balanced intake and absorption are necessary. Figure 1. Effect of declining trace mineral status on animal performance Mineral Status Immunity & Enzyme Function Adequate Maximum Growth/Fertility Normal Growth/Fertility Clinical Signs Subclinical Clinical Trace Mineral Function To better understand the role of trace minerals in animal production it is important to recognize that trace elements are functional components of numerous metabolic events. -
The Bearhead Rhyolite, Jemez Volcanic Field, NM
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 107 32001) 241±264 www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores Effusive eruptions from a large silicic magma chamber: the Bearhead Rhyolite, Jemez volcanic ®eld, NM Leigh Justet*, Terry L. Spell Department of Geosciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4010, USA Received 23 February 2000; accepted 6 November 2000 Abstract Large continental silicic magma systems commonly produce voluminous ignimbrites and associated caldera collapse events. Less conspicuous and relatively poorly documented are cases in which silicic magma chambers of similar size to those associated with caldera-forming events produce dominantly effusive eruptions of small-volume rhyolite domes and ¯ows. The Bearhead Rhyolite and associated Peralta Tuff Member in the Jemez volcanic ®eld, New Mexico, represent small-volume eruptions from a large silicic magma system in which no caldera-forming event occurred, and thus may have implications for the genesis and eruption of large volumes of silicic magma and the long-term evolution of continental silicic magma systems. 40Ar/39Ar dating reveals that most units mapped as Bearhead Rhyolite and Peralta Tuff 3the Main Group) were erupted during an ,540 ka interval between 7.06 and 6.52 Ma. These rocks de®ne a chemically coherent group of high-silica rhyolites that can be related by simple fractional crystallization models. Preceding the Main Group, minor amounts of unrelated trachydacite and low silica rhyolite were erupted at ,11±9 and ,8 Ma, respectively, whereas subsequent to the Main Group minor amounts of unrelated rhyolites were erupted at ,6.1 and ,1.5 Ma. The chemical coherency, apparent fractional crystallization-derived geochemical trends, large areal distribution of rhyolite domes 3,200 km2), and presence of a major hydrothermal system support the hypothesis that Main Group magmas were derived from a single, large, shallow magma chamber. -
Igneous Garnet and Amphibole Fractionation in the Roots of Island Arcs: Experimental Constraints on Andesitic Liquids
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Serveur académique lausannois Contrib Mineral Petrol (2009) 157:541–558 DOI 10.1007/s00410-008-0351-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids Raquel Alonso-Perez Æ Othmar Mu¨ntener Æ Peter Ulmer Received: 23 January 2008 / Accepted: 6 October 2008 / Published online: 30 October 2008 Ó Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract To evaluate the role of garnet and amphibole for ‘slab melting’, or dehydration melting in the deep arc. fractionation at conditions relevant for the crystallization of Garnet fractionation, either in the deep crust via formation magmas in the roots of island arcs, a series of experiments of garnet gabbros, or in the upper mantle via formation of were performed on a synthetic andesite at conditions garnet pyroxenites remains an important alternative, ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 GPa, 800–1,000°C and variable despite the rare occurrence of magmatic garnet in volcanic H2O contents. At water undersaturated conditions and fO2 rocks. established around QFM, garnet has a wide stability field. At 1.2 GPa garnet ? amphibole are the high-temperature Keywords Experimental petrology Á Hydrous andesite liquidus phases followed by plagioclase at lower tempera- liquids Á High-pressure crystallization Á Amphibole Á ture. Clinopyroxene reaches its maximal stability at H2O- Garnet fractionation contents B9 wt% at 950°C and is replaced by amphibole at lower temperature. The slopes of the plagioclase-in boundaries are moderately negative in T-XH2O space. At Introduction 0.8 GPa, garnet is stable at magmatic H2O contents exceeding 8 wt% and is replaced by spinel at decreasing Major and trace element similarities between estimates of dissolved H2O. -
Reworked Restite Enclave
Reworked restite enclave: Petrographic and mineralogical constraints from the Tongshanling intrusion, Nanling Range, South China Xu-Dong Huang, Jian-Jun Lu, Stanislas Sizaret, Ru-Cheng Wang, Jin-Wei Wu, Dong-Sheng Ma To cite this version: Xu-Dong Huang, Jian-Jun Lu, Stanislas Sizaret, Ru-Cheng Wang, Jin-Wei Wu, et al.. Re- worked restite enclave: Petrographic and mineralogical constraints from the Tongshanling intru- sion, Nanling Range, South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Elsevier, 2018, 166, pp.1-18. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.001. insu-01856863 HAL Id: insu-01856863 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01856863 Submitted on 10 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Reworked restite enclave: Petrographic and mineralogical constraints from the Tongshanling intrusion, Nanling Range, South China Xu-DongHuangab Jian-JunLua StanislasSizaretb Ru-ChengWanga Jin-WeiWua Dong-ShengMaa A : State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China B : Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, UMR 7327-CNRS/Université d’Orléans/BRGM, Orléans 45071, France Abstract Microgranular enclaves, which can provide important petrogenetic indications for the host granitoids, are commonly observed in the Middle-Late Jurassic Cu-Pb-Zn-bearing granodiorites in the Nanling Range of South China. -
Modelling the Petrogenesis of High Rb/Sr Silicic Magmas
( "heroical Geology, 92 ( 199 [ ) 107-114 107 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam Modelling the petrogenesis of high Rb/Sr silicic magmas A.N. Halliday a, j.p. Davidson ~"", W. Hildreth b and P. Holden ~"~ ~' D~7~arll~tepll qt Geo/o~ica/ Sciences, The University q/,llichi~an, Inn. lrhor, UI 4S I ()~- I 0~ 3, (.S'I " ('S. Geological SI,'rVE')', MSglO, 345 )diddlefiehl Road, Menlo t'ark. (;,1 94025. ( ,S\-I " D~7~artment o/Earlh and Space Sciences, ~ )zivetwitr q/('alih;rnta. Los ..t n£,eh'~. (' I 90024, ~ ',S'. I (Received February 22, 1990: revised and accepted November 7, 1991)) ABSTRACT Halliday, A.N., Davidson, J.P., Hildreth, W. and Holden, P., 1991. Modelling the petrogenesis o1 high Rh/Sr silicic mag- mas. In: A. Peccerillo (Guest-Editor), Geochemistry of Granitoid Rocks. Chem. Geol., 92: 107-114. Rhyolites can be highly evolved with Sr contents as low as 0.1 ppm and Rb/Sr > 2,0(t0. In contrast, granite batholiths are commonly comprised of rocks with Rb/Sr < l 0 and only rarely > 100. Mass-balance modelling of source compositions, differentiation and contamination using the trace-element geochemistry of granites are therefi)re commonly in error be- cause of the failure to account for evolved differentiates that may have been erupted from the system. Rhyolitic magmas with very low Sr concentrations ( ~< 1 ppm ) cannot be explained by any partial melting models involving typical crustal source compositions. The only plausible mechanism for the production of such rhyolites is Rayleigh fiactional crystalli- zalion involving substantial volumes of cumulates. -
Constraining Magma Chamber and Recharge Conditions from Surface Uplift at Three Sisters Volcanic Center in the Oregon Cascades
CONSTRAINING MAGMA CHAMBER AND RECHARGE CONDITIONS FROM SURFACE UPLIFT AT THREE SISTERS VOLCANIC CENTER IN THE OREGON CASCADES by CATHERINE O’HARA A THESIS Presented to the Department of Earth Sciences and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science MAY 2021 An Abstract of the Thesis of Catherine O’Hara for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Science in the Department of Earth Sciences to be taken June 2021 Title: Constraining Magma Chamber and Recharge Conditions from Surface Uplift at Three Sisters Volcanic Center in the Oregon Cascades Approved: Meredith Townsend, PhD Primary Thesis Advisor An episode of ongoing uplift in the Three Sisters volcanic center in the Oregon Cascades was discovered in 2001 from InSAR observations. The center of uplift is ~6 km west of the summit of South Sister, and the spatial pattern is consistent with a spheroidal source of inflation. The combination of InSAR and continuous GPS data since 2001 indicate a gradual onset of uplift beginning around 1996, reaching a peak of ~3-4 cm/yr between ~1998- 2004, and declining since then to a current rate of ~0.5 cm/yr (Riddick and Schmidt, 2011) . This pattern of initially rapid uplift followed by an exponential decay has been observed at several other volcanoes, such as Yellowstone, Long Valley, and Laguna del Maule (Le Mével et al., 2015), but it is unclear whether the pattern of uplift is due to magma recharge that varies with time and/or viscoelastic effects. I present a model for surface deformation due to a spherical magma chamber in a viscoelastic crust subject to recharge, cooling, crystallization, and volatile exsolution, and combine this model with InSAR and GPS data to test the recharge rates and magma chamber conditions that can best explain the variation in the uplift rates at Three Sisters. -
Determination of Trace Element Levels in Patients with Burst Fractures
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Determination of trace element levels in patients with burst fractures Shahab Ahmed Salih Gezh, M.D.,1 Abdurrahman Aycan, M.D.,2 Halit Demir, M.D.,1 Cemal Bozlına, M.D.3 1Department of Chemistry, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Science and Literature, Van-Turkey 2Department of Neurosurgery, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van-Turkey 3Department of Neurosurgery, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine trace element levels (Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cu, Cd, Co, and Pb) in patients with burst fractures in Van Province, Turkey. METHODS: The study included a total of 44 participants with no additional pathologies, including 22 patients with burst fractures aged over 18 years who were admitted to the neurosurgery departments at two hospitals between June 15, 2015 and January 20, 2016 and 22 healthy volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from all participants to measure the serum levels of trace and heavy elements, including Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Co and Zn, using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The trace element levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Mg were significantly lower (p<0.001), whereas those of Fe, Cd, and Pb were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and Mg were lower and the levels of Fe, Cd, and Pb were higher in the patient group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The probability of burst fracture and its causes leading to any injury may be considered as an indicator balance for the concentration of trace elements between the patient group and control group and may also be a risk factor associated with the bone exposed to burst fracture Significant changes in serum levels of Zn, Cd, Mn, Mg, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn elements can be observed in patients with burst fractures. -
Experimental Partitioning of Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba Between Alkali Feldspar and Peraluminous Melt
American Mineralogist, Volume 81, pages 719-734,1996 Experimental partitioning of Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba between alkali feldspar and peraluminous melt JONATHAN IcENHOWER AND DAVID LoNDON School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, SEC 810, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Hydrous partial melting experiments performed between 650 and 750 °C at 200 MPa (H20) on synthetic metapelite compositions (quartz + albite + muscovite + biotite min- eral mixtures) doped with Ba, Sr, Rb, and Cs yielded alkali feldspar crystals with a wide range of compositions in equilibrium at their rims with peraluminous melt. Measured partition coefficients for normally trace lithophile elements between feldspar and melt [D(M)FSP/gl,M = Ba, Sr, Rb, Cs] do not depend on either temperature or bulk composition of melt for the compositions studied. Values of D(Sr)FSP/glare between 10 and 14 and appear to be independent of the albite and orthoclase contents of the feldspar crystals. In contrast, values of D(Ba)FSP/gland D(Rb)FsP/glare strongly dependent on the orthoclase content of feldspar, relationships that can be expressed by the following linear equations: D(Ba)FSP/gl= 0.07 + 0.25(orthoclase) and D(Rb)FsP/gl= 0.03 + 0.0 1(orthoclase), where orthoclase is in mole percent. These equations reproduce the range of previously reported values for D(Ba) and D(Rb) determined on natural and synthetic samples. A single par- tition coefficient for Cs was also determined at D(CS)Fsp/gl= 0.13. These data can be used in conjunction with recently published partition coefficients for muscovite, biotite, and plagioclase feldspars (Blundy and Wood 1991; Icenhower and London 1995) to model quantitatively the trace element signatures of peraluminous mag- mas during anatexis and crystallization. -
Petrogenesis of Slab-Derived Trondhjemite-Tonalite-Dacite/ Adakite Magmas M
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 87, 205-215, 1996 Petrogenesis of slab-derived trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite/ adakite magmas M. S. Drummond, M. J. Defant and P. K. Kepezhinskas ABSTRACT: The prospect of partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust to produce arc magmatism has been debated for over 30 years. Debate has centred on the physical conditions of slab melting and the lack of a definitive, unambiguous geochemical signature and petrogenetic process. Experimental partial melting data for basalt over a wide range of pressures (1-32 kbar) and temperatures (700-1150=C) have shown that melt compositions are primarily trondhjemite- tonalite-dacite (TTD). High-Al (> 15% A12O3 at the 70% SiO2 level) TTD melts are produced by high-pressure 015 kbar) partial melting of basalt, leaving a restite assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxe'ne ± hornblende. A specific Cenozoic high-Al TTD (adakite) contains lower Y, Yb and Sc and higher Sr, Sr/Y, La'/Yb and.Zr/Sm relative to other TTD types and is interpreted to represent a slab melt under garnet amphibolite to eclogite conditions. High-Al TTD with an adakite-like geochemical character is prevalent in the Archean as the result of a higher geotherm that facilitated slab melting. Cenozoic adakite localities are commonly associated with the subduction of young (<25Ma), hot oceanic crust, which may provide a slab geotherm (*9-10=C km"1) conducive for slab dehydration melting. Viable alternative or supporting tectonic effects that may enhance slab melting include highly oblique convergence and resultant high shear stresses and incipient subduction into a pristine hot mantle wedge. -
Essential Trace Elements in Human Health: a Physician's View
Margarita G. Skalnaya, Anatoly V. Skalny ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HEALTH: A PHYSICIAN'S VIEW Reviewers: Philippe Collery, M.D., Ph.D. Ivan V. Radysh, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Tomsk Publishing House of Tomsk State University 2018 2 Essential trace elements in human health UDK 612:577.1 LBC 52.57 S66 Skalnaya Margarita G., Skalny Anatoly V. S66 Essential trace elements in human health: a physician's view. – Tomsk : Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2018. – 224 p. ISBN 978-5-94621-683-8 Disturbances in trace element homeostasis may result in the development of pathologic states and diseases. The most characteristic patterns of a modern human being are deficiency of essential and excess of toxic trace elements. Such a deficiency frequently occurs due to insufficient trace element content in diets or increased requirements of an organism. All these changes of trace element homeostasis form an individual trace element portrait of a person. Consequently, impaired balance of every trace element should be analyzed in the view of other patterns of trace element portrait. Only personalized approach to diagnosis can meet these requirements and result in successful treatment. Effective management and timely diagnosis of trace element deficiency and toxicity may occur only in the case of adequate assessment of trace element status of every individual based on recent data on trace element metabolism. Therefore, the most recent basic data on participation of essential trace elements in physiological processes, metabolism, routes and volumes of entering to the body, relation to various diseases, medical applications with a special focus on iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), cobalt (Co), chromium, and molybdenum (Mo) are reviewed. -
Using Rare Earth Elements to Model Silicate Melting and Crystallization
Using Rare Earth Elements to Model Silicate Melting and Crystallization The Rare Earth Elements (REE) The lanthanide series is formed by filling of 4f orbitals, and its constituents are commonly termed the rare earth elements (REE). The common valence state is +3 for all REE over a wide range of oxygen fugacity; Ce+4 can occur in highly oxidized environments at the earth's surface, and Eu+2 in reducing environments in the crust and mantle. The rare earth elements are lithophile elements (low electronegativities lead to the formation of highly ionic bonds), which substitute into many silicates and phosphates. Ionic radii of the lanthanides decreases with increasing atomic number from La to Lu, the lanthanide contraction… Because of their high charge and large radii, the rare earth elements are usually relatively incompatible in silicate minerals. However, due to the lanthanide contraction, the heavier rare earths are smaller and thus can "fit" within some lattice sites (although there must be charge compensation for the 3+ valence), so incompatibility decreases with increasing Z. Class Discussion #1: What mineral lattice sites could host the heavy rare earth elements? What about Eu2+? REE diagrams If we plot the concentrations of the rare earth elements as a group on a diagram of abundance versus atomic number, we observe two cosmochemical phenomena: 1) the decrease in absolute abundance with increasing atomic number; 2) the “even-odd effect” in relative abundances (higher abundances of even atomic number elements). Because these cosmochemical effects are common to all terrestrial rocks, we would rather ignore them in order to accentuate more subtle variations in absolute and relative concentrations of REE between samples. -
Geology of the Northern Part of the Southeast Three Sisters
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Karl C. Wozniak for the degree of Master of Science the Department cf Geology presented on February 8, 1982 Title: Geology of the Northern Part of the Southeast Three Sisters Quadrangle, Oregon Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: E. M. Taylorc--_, The northern part of the Southeast Three Sisters quadrangle strad- dles the crest of the central High Cascades of Oregon. The area is covered by Pleistocene and Holocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that were extruded from a number of composite cones, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. The principal eruptive centers include Sphinx Butte, The Wife, The Husband, and South Sister volcanoes. Sphinx Butte, The Wife, and The Husband are typical High Cascade shield and composite vol- canoes whose compositions are limited to basalt and basaltic andesite. South Sister is a complex composite volcano composed of a diverse assem- blage of rocks. In contrast with earlier studies, the present investi- gation finds that South Sister is not a simple accumulation of andesite and dacite lavas; nor does the eruptive sequence display obvious evolu- tionary trends or late stage divergence to basalt and rhyolite. Rather, the field relations indicate that magmas of diverse composition have been extruded from South Sister vents throughout the lifespan of this volcano. The compositional variation at South Sister is. atypical of the Oregon High Cascade platform. This variation, however, represents part of a continued pattern of late Pliocene and Pleistocene magmatic diver- sity in a local region that includes Middle Sister, South Sister, and Broken Top volcanoes. Regional and local geologic constraints combined with chemical and petrographic criteria indicate that a local subcrustal process probably produced the magmas extruded fromSouth Sister, whereas a regional subcrustal process probably producedthe magmas extruded from Sphinx Butte, The Wife, and The Husband.