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Waves and Structures
WAVES AND STRUCTURES By Dr M C Deo Professor of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076 Contact: [email protected]; (+91) 22 2572 2377 (Please refer as follows, if you use any part of this book: Deo M C (2013): Waves and Structures, http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~mcdeo/waves.html) (Suggestions to improve/modify contents are welcome) 1 Content Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Wave Theories 18 Chapter 3: Random Waves 47 Chapter 4: Wave Propagation 80 Chapter 5: Numerical Modeling of Waves 110 Chapter 6: Design Water Depth 115 Chapter 7: Wave Forces on Shore-Based Structures 132 Chapter 8: Wave Force On Small Diameter Members 150 Chapter 9: Maximum Wave Force on the Entire Structure 173 Chapter 10: Wave Forces on Large Diameter Members 187 Chapter 11: Spectral and Statistical Analysis of Wave Forces 209 Chapter 12: Wave Run Up 221 Chapter 13: Pipeline Hydrodynamics 234 Chapter 14: Statics of Floating Bodies 241 Chapter 15: Vibrations 268 Chapter 16: Motions of Freely Floating Bodies 283 Chapter 17: Motion Response of Compliant Structures 315 2 Notations 338 References 342 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction The knowledge of magnitude and behavior of ocean waves at site is an essential prerequisite for almost all activities in the ocean including planning, design, construction and operation related to harbor, coastal and structures. The waves of major concern to a harbor engineer are generated by the action of wind. The wind creates a disturbance in the sea which is restored to its calm equilibrium position by the action of gravity and hence resulting waves are called wind generated gravity waves. -
Nearshore Current Pattern and Rip Current Occurrence at Jungmun Beach, Jeju by Numerical Computation 1. Introduction
한국항해항만학회지 제41권 제2호 J. Navig. Port Res. Vol. 41, No. 2 : 55-62, April 2017 (ISSN:1598-5725(Print)/ISSN:2093-8470(Online)) DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/KINPR.2017.41.2.55 Nearshore Current Pattern and Rip Current Occurrence at Jungmun Beach, Jeju by Numerical Computation Seung-Hyun An*․†Nam-Hyeong Kim *Coastal, Harbor and Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Sekwang Engineering Consultants Co., LTD. †Department of Civil Engineering, J eju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea Abstract : A nearshore current or a wave-induced current is an important phenomenon in a nearshore zone, which is composed of longshore, cross-shore, and rip currents. The nearshore current is closely related to the occurrence of coastal accidents by beachgoers. A considerable number of coastal accidents by beachgoers involving the rip current have been reported at Jungmun Beach. However, in studies and observations of the nearshore current of Jungmun Beach, understanding of the rip current pattern remains unclear. In this study, a scientific approach is taken to understand the nearshore current and the rip current patterns at Jungmun Beach by numerical computation for year of 2015. From results of numerical computation, the occurrence and spatial characteristics of the rip current, and the similarities between the rip current and incident wave conditions are analyzed. The primary results of this study reveal that the rip currents are frequently generated at Jungmun Beach, especially in the western parts of the beach, and that the rip currents often occur with a wave breaking height of around 0.5 ~ 0.7 m, a wave period of around 6 ~ 8 seconds, and a breaking angle of around 0 ~ 15 degrees. -
Beach Accretion with Erosive Waves : "Beachbuilding" Accrétion Sur Les Plages Avec Vagues Érosives : "La Technique De Construction De Plage "
Beach accretion with erosive waves : "Beachbuilding" Accrétion sur les plages avec vagues érosives : "la technique de construction de plage " Melville W. BEARDSLEY US Army Corps of Engineers, Beachbuilder Company Roger H. CHARLIER HAECON Inc., Free University of BRUSSELS - Belgique Abstract : A new method of beach preservation, theBeachbuilder Technique , proposes to harness the energy of normally erosive waves to produce beach accretion. A "flow control sheet" located in the surf zone directs the flow of swash and backwash causing net transport of sediment onto the beach. Beach and surf zone profiles created by the wave-tank tests show that the technique leads to accretion on this beach, during every test run with erosive waves. The successful wave tank results should reproduce on actual beaches ; rapid accretion on real beaches can be expected from the scaled wave-tank results. It is anticipated that by use of this new technique, costs of beach preservation would be cut by as much as 66%. Furthermore, rapid beach accretion, quick reaction, high mobility, good durability, «nd provision of employment for making the installations are major benefits to be derived. K e y w o rd s . Erosion - Waves - Accretion - Nourishment - Beach Résum é : Une nouvelle méthode de protection de plages, Techniquela de Construction de Plage, est proposée. Un "drap de contrôle d’écoulement" placé dans la zone des brisants dirige le clapotis et le remous et provoque un transport de sédiment vers la plage. Les profils de plage et de brisants créés par des tests conduits en bassins montrent que la technique produit une accumulation sur la plage pendant chaque test avec vagues érosives. -
Air-Sea Interactions - Jacques C.J
OCEANOGRAPHY – Vol.I - Air-Sea Interactions - Jacques C.J. Nihoul and François C. Ronday AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS Jacques C.J. Nihoul and François C. Ronday University of Liège, Belgium Keywords: Wind waves, fully developed sea, tsunamis, swell, clapotis, seiches, littoral current, rip current, air-sea interactions, sea slicks, drag coefficient. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Wind waves 3. Air-Sea Interactions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The marine system is part of the general geophysical system. Physical and chemical boundary interactions at the air-sea interface are essential factors in the marine system's dynamics Wind blowing over the sea generates surface waves and energy is transferred from the wind to the ocean's upper layer. The fluxes of the momentum, heat, chemicals... at the air-sea interface are usually parameterized by bulk formula which assumed that the fluxes are proportional to the magnitude of the wind velocity at some reference height (10m, say). Although these bulk formulas have abundantly been used in several generations of models, they can only give a rough representation of the mechanisms of air-sea interactions where wave’s field’s characteristics, bubbles and spray, surface slicks, heavy rainfalls...can play a significant role. 1. Introduction Incoming short wave solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation emitted by the earth surface, mediated by back and forth long wave emissions by clouds and aerosols - with its spatial variability due, in particular, to the earth’s sphericity - constitute -
Words Without Pictures
WORDS WITHOUT PICTURES NOVEMBER 2007– FEBRUARY 2009 Los Angeles County Museum of Art CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Charlotte Cotton, Alex Klein 1 NOVEMBER 2007 / ESSAY Qualifying Photography as Art, or, Is Photography All It Can Be? Christopher Bedford 4 NOVEMBER 2007 / DISCUSSION FORUM Charlotte Cotton, Arthur Ou, Phillip Prodger, Alex Klein, Nicholas Grider, Ken Abbott, Colin Westerbeck 12 NOVEMBER 2007 / PANEL DISCUSSION Is Photography Really Art? Arthur Ou, Michael Queenland, Mark Wyse 27 JANUARY 2008 / ESSAY Online Photographic Thinking Jason Evans 40 JANUARY 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM Amir Zaki, Nicholas Grider, David Campany, David Weiner, Lester Pleasant, Penelope Umbrico 48 FEBRUARY 2008 / ESSAY foRm Kevin Moore 62 FEBRUARY 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM Carter Mull, Charlotte Cotton, Alex Klein 73 MARCH 2008 / ESSAY Too Drunk to Fuck (On the Anxiety of Photography) Mark Wyse 84 MARCH 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM Bennett Simpson, Charlie White, Ken Abbott 95 MARCH 2008 / PANEL DISCUSSION Too Early Too Late Miranda Lichtenstein, Carter Mull, Amir Zaki 103 APRIL 2008 / ESSAY Remembering and Forgetting Conceptual Art Alex Klein 120 APRIL 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM Shannon Ebner, Phil Chang 131 APRIL 2008 / PANEL DISCUSSION Remembering and Forgetting Conceptual Art Sarah Charlesworth, John Divola, Shannon Ebner 138 MAY 2008 / ESSAY Who Cares About Books? Darius Himes 156 MAY 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM Jason Fulford, Siri Kaur, Chris Balaschak 168 CONTENTS JUNE 2008 / ESSAY Minor Threat Charlie White 178 JUNE 2008 / DISCUSSION FORUM William E. Jones, Catherine -
Two-Dimensional Wave-Making Problem C.R. Chou, R.S. Shih, J.Z. Yim Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan O
Transactions on Modelling and Simulation vol 12, © 1996 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-355X Two-dimensional wave-making problem C.R. Chou, R.S. Shih, J.Z. Yim Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Bee-Ning Road 2, Keelung 202, Taiwan Abstract In this study, generation of two dimensional nonlinear waves is simulated numerically using boundary clement method. The present scheme is based on a Lagrangian description together with finite differencing of the time step. An algorithm to generate waves with any prescribed form is also implantec in the scheme. The numerical model was first verified by studying the case of finite amplitude waves impinging against a vertical wall. Time histories of evolution of a soliton running up on a sloping beach, as well as over a submerged obstacle are then presented. 1 Introduction Problems associated with generation, propagation and deformatio.i have been studied numerically by many researchers. Based on a mixed Eulerian- Lagrangian method, solitary wave interacting with a gentle slope, and wave breaking on water of gradually varying depth are simulated numerically in two- dimensional fluid region by Sujjino and Tosaka[l], Ouyama[2] explored soli- tary wave set up on a slope by boundary element method. Pedersen & Gjevik[3 ] developed a numerical model to study run-up of long waves governed by a set of Boussinesq equations. Lagrangian coordinate description was used to sim- plify the numerical treatment of a moving shoreline. Based on the Green';* formular, Nakayama[4] applied a new boundary element technique to analyze nonlinear water wave problems. -
Latin Derivatives Dictionary
Dedication: 3/15/05 I dedicate this collection to my friends Orville and Evelyn Brynelson and my parents George and Marion Greenwald. I especially thank James Steckel, Barbara Zbikowski, Gustavo Betancourt, and Joshua Ellis, colleagues and computer experts extraordinaire, for their invaluable assistance. Kathy Hart, MUHS librarian, was most helpful in suggesting sources. I further thank Gaylan DuBose, Ed Long, Hugh Himwich, Susan Schearer, Gardy Warren, and Kaye Warren for their encouragement and advice. My former students and now Classics professors Daniel Curley and Anthony Hollingsworth also deserve mention for their advice, assistance, and friendship. My student Michael Kocorowski encouraged and provoked me into beginning this dictionary. Certamen players Michael Fleisch, James Ruel, Jeff Tudor, and Ryan Thom were inspirations. Sue Smith provided advice. James Radtke, James Beaudoin, Richard Hallberg, Sylvester Kreilein, and James Wilkinson assisted with words from modern foreign languages. Without the advice of these and many others this dictionary could not have been compiled. Lastly I thank all my colleagues and students at Marquette University High School who have made my teaching career a joy. Basic sources: American College Dictionary (ACD) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (ODEE) Oxford English Dictionary (OCD) Webster’s International Dictionary (eds. 2, 3) (W2, W3) Liddell and Scott (LS) Lewis and Short (LS) Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD) Schaffer: Greek Derivative Dictionary, Latin Derivative Dictionary In addition many other sources were consulted; numerous etymology texts and readers were helpful. Zeno’s Word Frequency guide assisted in determining the relative importance of words. However, all judgments (and errors) are finally mine. -
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English Excerpted from Word Power, Public Speaking Confidence, and Dictionary-Based Learning, Copyright © 2007 by Robert Oliphant, columnist, Education News Author of The Latin-Old English Glossary in British Museum MS 3376 (Mouton, 1966) and A Piano for Mrs. Cimino (Prentice Hall, 1980) INTRODUCTION Strictly speaking, this is simply a list of technical terms: 30,680 of them presented in an alphabetical sequence of 52 professional subject fields ranging from Aeronautics to Zoology. Practically considered, though, every item on the list can be quickly accessed in the Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary (RHU), updated second edition of 2007, or in its CD – ROM WordGenius® version. So what’s here is actually an in-depth learning tool for mastering the basic vocabularies of what today can fairly be called American-Pronunciation Internationalist High Tech Latinate English. Dictionary authority. This list, by virtue of its dictionary link, has far more authority than a conventional professional-subject glossary, even the one offered online by the University of Maryland Medical Center. American dictionaries, after all, have always assigned their technical terms to professional experts in specific fields, identified those experts in print, and in effect held them responsible for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of each entry. Even more important, the entries themselves offer learners a complete sketch of each target word (headword). Memorization. For professionals, memorization is a basic career requirement. Any physician will tell you how much of it is called for in medical school and how hard it is, thanks to thousands of strange, exotic shapes like <myocardium> that have to be taken apart in the mind and reassembled like pieces of an unpronounceable jigsaw puzzle. -
Title on the Effect of Wind on Wave Overtopping on Vertical Seawalls Author(S)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository On the Effect of Wind on Wave Overtopping on Vertical Title Seawalls Author(s) IWAGAKI, Yuichi; TSUCHIYA, Yoshito; INOUE, Masao Bulletin of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute (1966), Citation 16(1): 11-30 Issue Date 1966-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124717 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Bull. Disas. Prey. Res. Inst. Kyoto Univ., Vol. 16, Part 1, No. 105, Sept., 1965 On the Effect of Wind on Wave Overtopping on Vertical Seawalls By Yuichi IWAGAKI, Yoshito TSUCHIYA and Masao INOUE (Manuscript received June 30. 1966) Synopsis In designing seawalls and seadikes, it is very important to estimate the quantity of wave overtopping on them as exactly as possible. The estimation, however, is difficult because of complicated phenomenaof wave overtopping, and in particular the effect of wind on wave overtopping is entirely unknown. With this in view, the authors have begun the study to disclose the effect of wind on wave overtopping quantitatively. As a first step of the study. the present paper describes some experimental results of wave overtoppingon vertical seawalls for the wave steepnesses of 0.01 and 0.02, accompanied with wind created by a high-speed wind-wave tunnel, which is 0.8 m wide. 2.3m to 4.0 m high and 40 m long, having a blower of 100HP and a wave generator of submerged piston type with a motor of 10 HP. The main results obtained from the experiments are summarized as follows. -
Chapter 31 WAVE FORCES AGAINST SEA WALL Masashi Hom-Ma and Kiyoshi Horikawa Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo
Chapter 31 WAVE FORCES AGAINST SEA WALL Masashi Hom-ma and Kiyoshi Horikawa Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan INTRODUCTION The study concerning the wave forces acting on breakwater has been conducted by numerous scientists and engineers both in field and in laboratory,, While few studies have been car- ried out on the wave forces acting on sea wall which is located inside the surf zone. In this paper are summarized the main results of the experimental studies conducted at the University of Tokyo, Japan, in relation to the subject on the wave forces against a vertical or inclined surface wall located shorewards from the breaking point, and also is proposed an empirical formula of wave pressure distribution on a sea wall on the basis of the experimental data. The computed results obtained by using the above formula are compared with the field data of wave pressure on a vertical wall measured at the Niigata West Coast, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and also with the experimen- tal data of total wave forces on a vertical wall; the project of the latter is now in progress at the University of Tokyo, PRESENTATION OP EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS LABORATORY PROCEDURES The wave channel which is used for the present studies is 18 m long, 0.6 m high and 0.7 m wide, and a model of sea wall is installed on a gentle uniform slope of l/l5. The face angle of the model is adjustable in a wide range, and six pres- sure gauges are attached on the surface of model sea wall at different levels to measure simultaneously the time history of pressure workxng on a sea wall. -
Unflattening the Muslim-Other in Social Studies: Student Perspectives & Curricular Approaches Natasha Hakimali Merchant A
Unflattening the Muslim-Other in Social Studies: Student Perspectives & Curricular Approaches Natasha Hakimali Merchant A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Walter C. Parker, Chair Deborah Kerdeman Dafney B. Dabach Program Authorized to Offer Degree: College of Education ©Copyright 2015 Natasha Hakimali Merchant 4 University of Washington Abstract Unflattening the Muslim-Other in Social Studies: Student Perspectives & Curricular Approaches Natasha Hakimali Merchant Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Walter C. Parker College of Education Scholars of religion and education have claimed the U.S. suffers from religious illiteracy. This, combined with the rise of Islamophobia in the U.S. beckons a need for more research on religious education in Social Studies classrooms. Conceptually grounded in postcolonial theory and standpoint epistemology, this dissertation investigated the experiences of high school Social Studies teachers and Muslim girls from minority communities of interpretation as they encountered curriculum on Islam. This study resulted in the following findings: (1) seven out of eight teachers aimed to counter Islamophobia through their curriculum; (2) teachers primarily used a historical approach and multicultural approach in doing so; (3) the Muslim girls experienced a flattening of their identities in the classroom context; and (4) students perceived a multicultural approach to teaching about Islam -
2. Coastal Processes
CHAPTER 2 2. Coastal processes Coastal landscapes result from by weakening the rock surface and driving nearshore sediment the interaction between coastal to facilitate further sediment transport processes. Wind and tides processes and sediment movement. movement. Biological, biophysical are also significant contributors, Hydrodynamic (waves, tides and biochemical processes are and are indeed dominant in coastal and currents) and aerodynamic important in coral reef, salt marsh dune and estuarine environments, (wind) processes are important. and mangrove environments. respectively, but the action of Weathering contributes significantly waves is dominant in most settings. to sediment transport along rocky Waves Information Box 2.1 explains the coasts, either directly through Ocean waves are the principal technical terms associated with solution of minerals, or indirectly agents for shaping the coast regular (or sinusoidal) waves. INFORMATION BOX 2.1 TECHNICAL TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH WAVES Important characteristics of regular, Natural waves are, however, wave height (Hs), which is or sinusoidal, waves (Figure 2.1). highly irregular (not sinusoidal), defined as the average of the • wave height (H) – the difference and a range of wave heights highest one-third of the waves. in elevation between the wave and periods are usually present The significant wave height crest and the wave trough (Figure 2.2), making it difficult to off the coast of south-west • wave length (L) – the distance describe the wave conditions in England, for example, is, on between successive crests quantitative terms. One way of average, 1.5m, despite the area (or troughs) measuring variable height experiencing 10m-high waves • wave period (T) – the time from is to calculate the significant during extreme storms.