Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
Referral of proposed action What is a referral? The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act) provides for the protection of the environment, especially matters of national environmental significance (NES). Under the EPBC Act, a person must not take an action that has, will have, or is likely to have a significant impact on any of the matters of NES without approval from the Australian Government Environment Minister or the Minister’s delegate. (Further references to ‘the Minister’ in this form include references to the Minister’s delegate.) To obtain approval from the Environment Minister, a proposed action should be referred. The purpose of a referral is to obtain a decision on whether your proposed action will need formal assessment and approval under the EPBC Act. Your referral will be the principal basis for the Minister’s decision as to whether approval is necessary and, if so, the type of assessment that will be undertaken. These decisions are made within 20 business days, provided that sufficient information is provided in the referral.
Who can make a referral? Referrals may be made by or on behalf of a person proposing to take an action, the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth agency, a state or territory government, or agency, provided that the relevant government or agency has administrative responsibilities relating to the action.
When do I need to make a referral? A referral must be made for actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the following matters protected by Part 3 of the EPBC Act: • World Heritage properties (sections 12 and 15A) • National Heritage places (sections 15B and 15C) • Wetlands of international importance (sections 16 and 17B) • Listed threatened species and communities (sections 18 and 18A) • Listed migratory species (sections 20 and 20A) • Protection of the environment from nuclear actions (sections 21 and 22A) • Commonwealth marine environment (sections 23 and 24A) • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (sections 24B and 24C) • The environment, if the action involves Commonwealth land (sections 26 and 27A), including: • actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the environment of Commonwealth land (even if taken outside Commonwealth land); • actions taken on Commonwealth land that may have a significant impact on the environment generally; • The environment, if the action is taken by the Commonwealth (section 28) • Commonwealth Heritage places outside the Australian jurisdiction (sections 27B and 27C) You may still make a referral if you believe your action is not going to have a significant impact, or if you are unsure. This will provide a greater level of certainty that Commonwealth assessment requirements have been met. To help you decide whether or not your proposed action requires approval (and therefore, if you should make a referral), the following guidance is available from: • the Policy Statement titled Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 – Matters of National Environmental Significance. Additional sectoral guidelines are also available. • the Policy Statement titled Significant Impact Guidelines 1.2 - Actions on, or impacting upon, Commonwealth land, and actions by Commonwealth agencies.
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• the interactive map tool (enter a location to obtain a report on what matters of NES may occur in that location). Can I refer part of a larger action? In certain circumstances, the Minister may not accept a referral for an action that is a component of a larger action and may request the person proposing to take the action to refer the larger action for consideration under the EPBC Act (Section 74A, EPBC Act). If you wish to make a referral for a staged or component referral, read ‘Fact Sheet 6 Staged Developments/Split Referrals’ and contact the Referral Business Entry Point (1800 803 772).
Do I need a permit? Some activities may also require a permit under other sections of the EPBC Act or another law of the Commonwealth. Information is available on the Department’s web site. Is your action in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park? If your action is in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park it may require permission under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 (GBRMP Act). If a permission is required, referral of the action under the EPBC Act is deemed to be an application under the GBRMP Act (see section 37AB, GBRMP Act). This referral will be forwarded to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (the Authority) for the Authority to commence its permit processes as required under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Regulations 1983. If a permission is not required under the GBRMP Act, no approval under the EPBC Act is required (see section 43, EPBC Act). The Authority can provide advice on relevant permission requirements applying to activities in the Marine Park. The Authority is responsible for assessing applications for permissions under the GBRMP Act, GBRMP Regulations and Zoning Plan. Where assessment and approval is also required under the EPBC Act, a single integrated assessment for the purposes of both Acts will apply in most cases. Further information on environmental approval requirements applying to actions in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is available from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/ or by contacting GBRMPA's Environmental Assessment and Management Section on (07) 4750 0700. The Authority may require a permit application assessment fee to be paid in relation to the assessment of applications for permissions required under the GBRMP Act, even if the permission is made as a referral under the EPBC Act. Further information on this is available from the Authority: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2-68 Flinders Street PO Box 1379 Townsville QLD 4810 AUSTRALIA Phone: + 61 7 4750 0700 Fax: + 61 7 4772 6093 www.gbrmpa.gov.au
Do I have to pay for my referral or assessment / what are the fees? Currently the department does not impose fees for environmental impact assessments referred and assessed under the EPBC Act. However, new fees are proposed as part of cost recovery reforms to the EPBC Act from 1 December 2012. Final cost recovery arrangements will be subject to an amending Bill being passed by Parliament and the making of regulations. Fees for environmental impact assessments are proposed to apply to: • all proposed actions referred after 8 May 2012 that are still undergoing assessment, decision on approval or that may be subject to post approval management plans after 1 December 2012 (fees will only apply to the work undertaken by the department after 1 December 2012); and • all referrals on or after 1 December 2012. For projects that are referred after 8 May 2012, that may be subject to fees, the department will inform proponents of their liability for potential fees prior to the introduction of cost recovery arrangements on 1 December 2012. Further details on the proposed cost recovery arrangements can be found here http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/consultation-draft-cost-recovery.html .
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What information do I need to provide? Completing all parts of this form will ensure that you submit the required information and will also assist the Department to process your referral efficiently. If a section of the referral document is not applicable to your proposal enter N/A. You can complete your referral by entering your information into this Word file. Instructions Instructions are provided in green text throughout the form. Attachments/supporting information The referral form should contain sufficient information to provide an adequate basis for a decision on the likely impacts of the proposed action. You should also provide supporting documentation, such as environmental reports or surveys, as attachments. Coloured maps, figures or photographs to help explain the project and its location should also be submitted with your referral. Aerial photographs, in particular, can provide a useful perspective and context. Figures should be good quality as they may be scanned and viewed electronically as black and white documents. Maps should be of a scale that clearly shows the location of the proposed action and any environmental aspects of interest. Please ensure any attachments are below two megabytes (2mb) as they will be published on the Department’s website for public comment. To minimise file size, enclose maps and figures as separate files if necessary. If unsure, contact the Referral Business Entry Point for advice. Attachments larger than two megabytes (2mb) may delay processing of your referral. Note: the Minister may decide not to publish information that the Minister is satisfied is commercial-in-confidence.
How do I submit a referral? Referrals may be submitted by mail, fax or email. Mail to: Referral Business Entry Point Environment Assessment Branch Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities GPO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601
• If submitting via mail, electronic copies of documentation (on CD/DVD or by email) are appreciated.
Fax to: 02 6274 1789 • Faxed documents must be of sufficiently clear quality to be scanned into electronic format. • Address the fax to the mailing address, and clearly mark it as a ‘Referral under the EPBC Act’. • Follow up with a mailed hardcopy including copies of any attachments or supporting reports.
Email to: [email protected] • Clearly mark the email as a ‘Referral under the EPBC Act’. • Attach the referral as a Microsoft Word file and, if possible, a PDF file. • Follow up with a mailed hardcopy including copies of any attachments or supporting reports.
What happens next? Following receipt of a valid referral (containing all required information) you will be advised of the next steps in the process, and the referral and attachments will be published on the Department’s web site for public comment. The Department will write to you within 20 business days to advise you of the outcome of your referral and whether or not formal assessment and approval under the EPBC Act is required. There are a number of possible decisions regarding your referral:
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The proposed action is NOT LIKELY to have a significant impact and does NOT NEED approval No further consideration is required under the environmental assessment provisions of the EPBC Act and the action can proceed (subject to any other Commonwealth, state or local government requirements). The proposed action is NOT LIKELY to have a significant impact IF undertaken in a particular manner The action can proceed if undertaken in a particular manner (subject to any other Commonwealth, state or local government requirements). The particular manner in which you must carry out the action will be identified as part of the final decision. You must report your compliance with the particular manner to the Department. The proposed action is LIKELY to have a significant impact and does NEED approval If the action is likely to have a significant impact a decision will be made that it is a controlled action . The particular matters upon which the action may have a significant impact (such as World Heritage values or threatened species) are known as the controlling provisions . The controlled action is subject to a public assessment process before a final decision can be made about whether to approve it. The assessment approach will usually be decided at the same time as the controlled action decision. (Further information about the levels of assessment and basis for deciding the approach are available on the Department’s web site.) The proposed action would have UNACCEPTABLE impacts and CANNOT proceed The Minister may decide, on the basis of the information in the referral, that a referred action would have clearly unacceptable impacts on a protected matter and cannot proceed.
Compliance audits If a decision is made to approve a project, the Department may audit it at any time to ensure that it is completed in accordance with the approval decision or the information provided in the referral. If the project changes, such that the likelihood of significant impacts could vary, you should write to the Department to advise of the changes. If your project is in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and a decision is made to approve it, the Authority may also audit it. (See “Is your action in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,” p.2, for more details).
For more information • call the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities Community Information Unit on 1800 803 772 or • visit the web site www.environment.gov.au/epbc All the information you need to make a referral, including documents referenced in this form, can be accessed from the above web site.
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Referral of proposed action
Princes Highway Duplication Project title: Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria
1 Summary of proposed action
1.1 Short description This project forms part of the Princes Highway Duplication between Waurn Ponds and Colac, Victoria. This project involves duplication of approximately 36 kilometres of the Princes Highway from Deans-Marsh Road (Murrell Street), Winchelsea to the Geelong – Warrnambool Rail Line (Baillie Street), Colac.
1.2 Latitude and longitude Latitude Longitude
The location points Location Point Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds described by latitude and Murrell St -38 14 42.5 143 59 1 longitude (right) are Allsop Dr -38 14 50 143 58 35 intersections of side roads Ondit Rd -38 15 9 143 57 31 and the railway line with the Robertson Rd -38 15 36.5 143 55 48 Princes Highway. There are two crossings of the railway Armytage Rd -38 16 39 143 52 30 line and Princes Highway. Conns Ln -38 17 19 143 50 21 The location points from top Prices Ln -38 17 28 143 50 2 to bottom move from Railway Line Crossing 1 -38 17 33 143 49 44 Winchelsea towards Colac. Mooleric Rd -38 17 54 143 47 37 Mcdonnells Rd -38 18 6 143 46 26 Birregurra Ck -38 18 5 143 46 16 Aireys Reserve Rd -38 18 4 143 46 2 Railway Line Crossing 2 -38 18 40.5 143 43 28 Pyles Rd -38 18 46.5 143 39 20 Irrewarra Station Rd -38 18 59 143 38 48 Drapers Rd -38 19 31 143 37 36 Flaxmill Rd -38 19 40.5 143 37 19 Baillie St -38 20 6 143 36 36 1.3 Locality and property description The project will predominately take place within the Princes Highway road reserve between Winchelsea and Colac with the need for private land to be acquired in some sections. Townships of Birregurra and Warncoort are in close vicinity of the Princes Highway.
1.4 Size of the development The footprint of the entire project area is approximately 280 hectares. footprint or work area (hectares) 1.5 Street address of the site Eastern Limit: Deans-Marsh Road (Murrell Street) / Princes Highway Intersection, Winchelsea
Western Limit: Geelong – Warrnambool Rail Line (Baillie Street) / Princes Highway Intersection, Colac 1.6 Lot description Please refer Attachment 5 for details.
1.7 Local Government Area and Council contact (if known)
Surf Coast Shire Council – Peter McLean, (03) 5261 0646
Colac Otway Shire Council – Doug McNeill, (03) 5261 0596
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1.8 Time frame
Planning approval 2013 Land acquisition and preconstruction works 2013/14 Construction commencement 2014 Construction completion 2018
1.9 Alternatives to proposed No action Were any feasible alternatives to taking the proposed action (including not taking the action) Yes, you must also complete section 2.2 considered but are not proposed?
1.10 Alternative time frames etc No Does the proposed action include alternative time frames, Yes, you must also complete Section 2.3. For each alternative, location, locations or activities? time frame, or activity identified, you must also complete details in Sections 1.2-1.9, 2.4-2.7 and 3.3 (where relevant). 1.11 State assessment No Is the action subject to a state or territory environmental Yes, you must also complete Section 2.5 impact assessment? 1.12 Component of larger action No Is the proposed action a component of a larger action? Yes, you must also complete Section 2.7 1.13 Related actions/proposals No Is the proposed action related to other actions or proposals in the Yes, provide details: region (if known)? 1. Princes Highway Duplication Waurn Ponds to Winchelsea 2. Princes Highway Duplication Lennox Street to Austin Street, Winchelsea. 3. Princes Highway Duplication Austin Street to Deans-Marsh Road, Winchelsea. 4. Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 1.14 Australian Government No funding Has the person proposing to Yes, provide details: take the action received any The TEC for the Princes Highway Duplication is $257.5M from the Federal Australian Government grant Government (Nation Building Program) and matching commitment of funding to undertake this $257.5M from the Victorian Government. project? 1.15 Great Barrier Reef Marine No Park Yes, you must also complete Section 3.1 (h), 3.2 (e) Is the proposed action inside the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park?
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2 Detailed description of proposed action
2.1 Description of proposed action
This project involves the upgrade of the Princes Highway between Deans-Marsh Road, Winchelsea and Geelong- Warrnambool Rail Line, Colac to an ‘M’ standard road.
The route for this project is shown in Attachment 1. This involves the construction of a new carriageway along side the existing carriageway for the entire length of the project. This upgrade will also involve the regrading of sections of the existing carriageway to be consistent with the posted speed limit and to ‘M’ standard road. This may include upgrading regrading the current two-way crossfall on the existing carriageway to a one-way crossfall where safety issues are present.
The new carriageway will have two sealed lanes with a width of 3.5 metres each and an external shoulder with a width of 3.0 metres and an internal shoulder with a width of 1.0 metre. A centre median of approximately 20 metres will apply along a majority of the project. The duplication works will also involve the installation of longitudinal drainage and sub-soil drains along both sides of the new carriageway. The existing carriageway will also be widened to include a 3.0m shoulder.
A new bridge will be constructed over the Geelong – Warrnambool railway line at Birregurra, with the current bridge being retained. A new rail overpass will be constructed over the Geelong – Warrnambool railway line at Warncoort comprising of two new bridge structures. The existing culvert structure at Birregurra Creek will also be duplicated.
Following intersections along the corridor will be partially or fully upgraded in line with the road safety guidelines:
• Deans Marsh Road • Murrell Street • Mousley Road • McDonalds Lane • Ondit Road • Inglbey Road • Armytage Road • Conns Lane • Prices Lane • Hallets Lane • Birregurra Road • Mooleric Road • McDonnells Road • Aireys Reserve Road • Warncoort - Birregurra Road • Bourkes Road • Pyles Road • Warrawie Road • Colac-Ballarat Road • Drapers Road • Marriners Road • Baillie Street
At grade U-turns will also be constructed along the length of the project in line with VicRoads access management polices.
Other activities include:
• Geotechnical investigations; • Relocation of utility services, such high voltage power lines; • Clearing of vegetation; • Installation of fencing; • Earthworks; • Landscaping;
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• Installation of road management and road safety systems, such as lighting, signage and safety barriers.
2.2 Alternatives to taking the proposed action
No alternatives to taking the proposed action were considered as the Project is for the duplication of the existing Princes Highway and the new carriageway be built next to the existing Highway.
2.3 Alternative locations, time frames or activities that form part of the referred action
There are no alternative locations, time frames or activities that form part of the referred action.
2.4 Context, planning framework and state/local government requirements
This project is a part of the Princes Highway West A1 Corridor Strategy. This strategy involves the development of divided carriageways, to an ‘M’ road standard, between Waurn Ponds and Colac.
The Princes Highway is a primary highway route in the south western district of Victoria. It is a transport route for a number of industries along its length including grain, livestock, timber, smelter and dairying products. It also provides access to the Ports of Geelong and Portland and is an alternate route between Melbourne and Adelaide to the Western Highway which is the designated National Highway. The Princes Highway also provides access to a number of tourism based destinations along its length including The Great Ocean Road and Otway Ranges to the south and Warrnambool and Port Fairy to the West.
Traffic volumes along the Princess Highway between Winchelsea and Colac are estimated to be about 7,000 to 8,000 vehicles per day on average with approximately 15-20% of these being trucks. Traffic volumes are expected to increase by about 3.5% per annum.
Along the entire Princes Highway West about 8% of the route has lane widths below standard with a majority of this occurring between Waurn Ponds and Colac, about 59% of the route has sealed widths below standard. Sections along the route also contain substandard horizontal or vertical alignment with Waurn Ponds to Colac containing many of these substandard alignments.
The hilly nature of the route between Waurn Ponds and Colac results in the lowest operating standard of the entire route. Passing opportunities are also limited because of the hilly nature and relatively high traffic volumes.
2.5 Environmental impact assessments under Commonwealth, state or territory legislation
The proposed action has not been subject to a state or territory environmental impact statement.
2.6 Public consultation (including with Indigenous stakeholders)
A draft Cultural Heritage Management Plan has been prepared by Biosis Research for the Winchelsea to Colac duplication. This report includes a desktop and standard assessment of the study area. The Cultural Heritage Management Plan Number for the Project is 11898. Heritage Victoria and Kuuyang Maar Aboriginal Corporation have been consulted during the assessment process. A complex assessment of the areas identified in the standard assessment is currently underway.
Landowner consultation sessions have been held in Winchelsea on 28/02/12 and in Colac on 1/03/12 and 10/05/11. A number of one on one landowner interviews have also been undertaken to inform those who are directly affected and seek feedback on access, amenities and operational issues. Inputs have been sought from wider stakeholders including local Councils, Emergency Services, Department of Transport and Rail Authorities.
2.7 A staged development or component of a larger project
This proposal is a component of the duplication and upgrade to an ‘M’ standard road of the Princes Highway from Waurn Ponds to Colac. The duplication has been divided into four smaller projects: (1) Princes Highway Duplication, Waurn Ponds to Winchelsea; (2) Princes Highway Duplication, Lennox Street to Austin Street, Winchelsea; (3) Princes Highway Duplication Austin Street to Deans-Marsh Road, Winchelsea; and (4) Princes Highway Duplication Deans-Marsh Road, Winchelsea to Geelong-Warrnambool Rail Line, Colac.
Each of these projects is connected in that the western limit of works of one is the eastern limit of works of the following project. Combining these four projects makes up the entire length of road between Waurn Ponds and Colac. Interdependency exists to maintain continuity in the alignment and standard of road between each project for the entire length of highway. An EPBC Act Referral has already been completed for the Waurn Ponds to Winchelsea project (2009/5239).
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3 Description of environment & likely impacts
3.1 Matters of national environmental significance
3.1 (a) World Heritage Properties
Description There are no World Heritage properties within or near to the study area. The nearest World Heritage Property is the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens, Melbourne (Protected Matters Search Tool, 2011).
Nature and extent of likely impact There will not be any impact on World Heritage values of any World Heritage property.
3.1 (b) National Heritage Places
Description There are no National Heritage places within the study area. The nearest National Heritage Place is the Great Ocean Road and Scenic Environs located approximately 25 kilometres south of the study area (Protected Matters Search Tool, 2011).
Nature and extent of likely impact There will not be any impact on World Heritage values of any World Heritage property.
3.1 (c) Wetlands of International Importance (declared Ramsar wetlands)
Description There are no declared Ramsar wetlands within the study area. The nearest Ramsar wetland is Murdeduke Lake (part of the Western District Lakes) located approximately 8 kilometres north-west of the study area. Lake Beeac is another nearby Ramsar wetland, approximately 10 kilometres north of the Colac limit of works. Birregurra Creek is located within the study area. Birregurra Creek flows into the Barwon River. The Barwon River flows into Reedy Lake and Lake Connewarre (part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar sites) located approximately 35 kilometres east of the study area. (Protected Matters Search Tool, 2011)
Nature and extent of likely impact The Barwon River does not flow into Murdeduke Lake or Lake Beeac, therefore there will be no impact on the ecological character of these Ramsar wetlands. There is not likely to be any impact on the ecological character of Reedy Lake or Lake Connewarre due to the distance from the study area (approximately 35 kilometres).
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3.1 (d) Listed threatened species and ecological communities
Description
The following table shows species of national significance previously recorded, likely to occur or have potential habitat within the study area.
Scientific Name Common Name Status Type of Presence Survey Found? Birds Anthochaera phrygia Regent Honeyeater Endangered Species or species habitat may occur 1982 within area Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern Endangered Species or species habitat likely to 2000 occur within area Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot Endangered Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur N within area Rostratula australis Australian Painted Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur 1982 Snipe within area Sternula nereis nereis Fairy Tern Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur N (Australian) within area Dasyornis broadbenti Rufous Bristlebird - Unlikely or no suitable habitat 1984 caryochrus Pedionomus torquatus Plains-wanderer Vulnerable Unlikely or no suitable habitat 1984 Pachyptila turtur Fairy Prion Vulnerable Unlikely or no suitable habitat 2000 Fish Galaxiella pusilla Dwarf Galaxias Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Prototroctes maraena Australian Grayling Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to N occur within area Macquraia australisica Macquarie Perch Endangered Possible resident 1931 Nannoperca obscura Yarra Pygmy Perch Vulnerable Possible resident 2000 Frogs Litoria raniformis Growling Grass Frog Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to 2011 occur within area Insects Synemon plana Golden Sun Moth Critically Species or species habitat may occur N Endangered within area Mammals Dasyurus maculates Spot-tailed Quoll Endangered Species or species habitat may occur 1970 maculatus within area Isoodon obesulus besulus Southern Brown Endangered Species or species habitat may occur N Bandicoot within area Perameles gunnii Eastern Barred Endangered Unlikely or no suitable habitat 1949 Bandicoot Miniopterus schreibersii Southern Bent-wing Critically Species or species habitat may occur N bassanii Bat Endangered within area Potorous tridactylus Long-nosed Potoroo Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur N tridactylus within area Pseudomys fumeus Smoky Mouse Endangered Species or species habitat may occur N within area Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying- Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to 2004 fox occur within area Pseudomys New Holland Mouse Vulnerable Unlikely or no suitable habitat N novaehollandiae Plants Carex tasmanica Curly Sedge Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to 2001 occur within area Lepidium hyssopifolium Basalt Peppercress Endangered Habitat present but low likelihood of 2000 occurrence
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Pimelea spinescens Spiny Rice-flower Critically Species or species habitat may occur 2007 subsp. spinescens Endangered within area Prasophyllum frenchii Maroon Leek-orchid Endangered Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Senecio macrocarpus Large-fruit Fireweed Vulnerable Unlikely to occur within the area N Thelymitra epipactoides Metallic Sun-orchid Endangered Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Thelymitra matthewsii Spiral Sun-orchid Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to N occur within area Poa sallacustris Salt-lake Tussock Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to N grass occur within area Haloragis exalata subsp. Wingless Raspwort Vulnerable Unlikely N exalata Lepidium hyssopifolium Spiny Peppercress Vulnerable Habitat present but low likelihood 2009 Reptiles Delma impar Striped Legless Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to 2007 Lizard occur within area Eulamprus tympanum Corangamite Water Endangered Species or species habitat known to 1997 marnieae Skink occur within area Ecological Communities Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Critically Community known to occur within area N Volcanic Plain Endangered Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Critically Community may occur within area N Volcanic Plain Endangered
Nature and extent of likely impact Below is a summary of the nature and extent of likely impacts that could occur as a result of the works associated with this proposal. This section does not take into account any measures implemented to avoid or reduce the impacts. A discussion incorporating these measures is given in Section 4.
Birds No significant birds were identified during field surveys. If the birds listed above are present at the site, likely impacts include removal of habitat and loss of connectivity. They would not be expected to be breeding in the area so the impact on the population is expected to be minimal.
Fish No nationally significant fish were identified during field surveys. The likely impacts on fish at the site include loss of river connectivity, increase in sediment loads and pollution. The loss of connectivity is likely to occur only during the construction period and any increase in sediment load would be minimal and localised to the area immediately surrounding construction. Pollution from accidents related to construction is expected to be able to be contained quickly.
Frogs A targeted survey for the Litoria raniformis (Growling Grass Frog) was undertaken and it was identified in two water bodies within the study area. The likely impacts include loss of habitat, damage to burrows and injury or death to live frogs. The population resides in the area; therefore any negative impacts could be detrimental to the growth of the population.
Others No nationally significant insects, mammals, plants, reptiles or ecological communities were identified during field surveys. The report by Ecology and Heritage Partners (2011) states that it is unlikely that any nationally significant flora species would occur in the area due to the modified condition of the habitat.
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3.1 (e) Listed migratory species Description
Scientific Name Common Name EPBC Act Type of Presence (Protected Survey Status Matters Search Tool) Found? Migratory Marine Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Threatened Species or species habitat may occur 1999 within area Ardea alba Great Egret Threatened Species or species habitat may occur N within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret Threatened Species or species habitat may occur 2005 within area Migratory Terrestrial Species Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea- Threatened Species or species habitat likely to 2000 Eagle occur within area Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Threatened Species or species habitat may occur 2006 Needletail within area Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur N within area Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Threatened Species or species habitat may occur 1999 within area Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher Threatened Breeding likely to occur within area 1978 Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail Threatened Breeding may occur within area 1977 Xanthomyza phrygia Regent Honeyeater Endangered Species or species habitat may occur 1982 within area Migratory Wetland Species Ardea alba Great Egret Threatened Species or species habitat may occur N within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret Threatened Species or species habitat may occur within area 2005 Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area N Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour Sandpiper known to occur within area 2002 Calidris canutus Red Knot Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area 1983 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area 2002 Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area 2006 Charadrius bicinctus Double-banded Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour Plover known to occur within area 2006 Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area 2003 Numenius minutus Little Curlew Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour likely to occur within area 1987 Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour Plover known to occur within area 1983 Rostratula benghalensis Painted Snipe Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or related behaviour s. lat. known to occur within area 1982 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Threatened Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area N
Nature and extent of likely impact The report by Ecology and Heritage Partners (2011) states that the grassy and sedgy wetland areas may provide suitable foraging habitat for a number of the migratory and marine species listed. This is mainly due to similar areas being destroyed or degraded by the agricultural industry. They conclude that the study area is unlikely to support an ecologically significant population of any migratory and/or marine species.
Based on this the extent of the impact on the breeding and sustainability of these populations is likely to be minimal.
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3.1 (f) Commonwealth marine area Description The proposal is not located within a Commonwealth marine area. The nearest shoreline is approximately 24 kilometres from the study site.
Nature and extent of likely impact There will not be any impact on any part of the environment in the Commonwealth marine area.
3.1 (g) Commonwealth land Description The proposal is not located on Commonwealth land. Nature and extent of likely impact There will not be any impact on Commonwealth land.
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3.1 (h) The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Description The proposal is not located near or within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Nature and extent of likely impact There will not be any impact on the environment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
3.2 Nuclear actions, actions taken by the Commonwealth (or Commonwealth agency), actions taken in a Commonwealth marine area, actions taken on Commonwealth land, or actions taken in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
3.2 (a) Is the proposed action a nuclear action? No Yes (provide details below) If yes, nature & extent of likely impact on the whole environment
3.2 (b) Is the proposed action to be taken by the No Commonwealth or a Commonwealth agency? The Princes Highway Duplication from Winchelsea to Colac is funded by the Australian and Victorian Governments. The role of the Commonwealth is to provide funding. Thus, as provided under Section 524A of the EPBC Act, this project is not an “action” that will be taken by the Commonwealth. Yes (provide details below) If yes, nature & extent of likely impact on the whole environment
3.2 (c) Is the proposed action to be taken in a No Commonwealth marine area? Yes (provide details below) If yes, nature & extent of likely impact on the whole environment (in addition to 3.1(f))
3.2 (d) Is the proposed action to be taken on No Commonwealth land? Yes (provide details below) If yes, nature & extent of likely impact on the whole environment (in addition to 3.1(g))
3.2 (e) Is the proposed action to be taken in the No Great Barrier Reef Marine Park? Yes (provide details below) If yes, nature & extent of likely impact on the whole environment (in addition to 3.1(h))
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3.3 Other important features of the environment
3.3 (a) Flora and fauna The roadside throughout the project area consists mainly of planted vegetation (Ecology and Heritage Partners, 2011). This includes eucalypt, wattle, sheoak, oak and banksia trees on mown or slashed grass.
In addition to those listed in Section 3.1 (d) and 3.1 (e), there were a number of other species observed during surveys. These lists can be found in the flora and fauna reports attached (See Attachment 2).
3.3 (b) Hydrology, including water flows Birregurra Creek runs through the study area between Winchelsea and Colac and joins the Barwon River. The Barwon River flows towards Geelong. Eventually it flows into Reedy Lake and Connewarre Lake (Ramsar Wetlands) and meets the sea at Barwon Heads.
3.3 (c) Soil and Vegetation characteristics
Soils
The project area lies predominantly within the Victorian Volcanic Plains Bioregion. Soil types within the project area range from light soils to rich loamy soils suitable for cultivation.
Vegetation
Vegetation in the area is mainly cultivated paddocks with garden remnants and cypress wind breaks. Very little pre- European vegetation remains, with some remnant native vegetation and scattered trees including River Red Gums, Manna Gums and Drooping Sheoaks along with various Wattles.
3.3 (d) outstanding natural features There are no outstanding natural features in the area.
3.3 (e) Remnant native vegetation There are small patches of Grassy Woodland, Plains Grassy Woodland, Swamp Scrub, Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains Sedgy Wetland between Winchelsea and Colac (Ecology and Heritage Partners, 2011).
3.3 (f) Gradient (or depth range if action is to be taken in a marine area) The terrain is flat to gently undulating.
3.3 (g) Current state of the environment Much of the surrounding area is degraded due to a large extent of agricultural practices and disturbance from construction activities near Winchelsea, Birregurra, Warncoort and Colac.
Remnant native vegetation occupies less than 5% of the project area, and the areas containing the remaining native vegetation have been highly modified by invasive weed growth, soil disturbances and clearances.
Most of the native vegetation in the project area is currently confined to road reserves. The area surrounding the project area has been converted to farmland for agricultural purposes. Aquatic habitats in the project area are of poor quality.
3.3 (h) Commonwealth Heritage Places or other places recognised as having heritage values Only one heritage place is located adjacent to the project area, this is the Mt Gellibrand State School (H1 H7621-0026). The site will not be impacted by this project works.
3.3 (i) Indigenous heritage values One Aboriginal artefact, Burnett 1 (VAHR 7621-0353) was located outside the study area. The site will not be impacted by this project works. A number of other sites have been identified for further investigation as part of the complex assessment, which is currently underway.
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3.3 (j) Other important or unique values of the environment The Otway Ranges State Forest is located along the coast. The closest section is approximately 15 kilometres from the project area. It will not be affected by the proposal.
3.3 (k) Tenure of the action area (eg freehold, leasehold) The tenure of the action area is predominantly road reserve. All land required for the project that is not already owned will be purchased by voluntary agreement or compulsorily acquired in accordance with the Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986.
3.3 (l) Existing land/marine uses of area The majority of the land required for the project is the current road reserve of the Princes Highway and as such is used as a road. Areas adjacent to the road reserve that will be required for the project are currently used as farmland for various agricultural purposes including crops and livestock.
3.3 (m) Any proposed land/marine uses of area There are no proposed land uses of the area.
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4 Measures to avoid or reduce impacts
The following mitigation measures are based on advice from Ecology and Heritage Partners and input from the Environmental Sustainability Division of VicRoads. The mitigation presented below has take into account the following strategic documentation:
• National Recovery Plan for the Southern Bell Frog Litoria Raniformis (Clemann, N and Gillespie, G, 2010, Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria) • Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable growling grass frog ( Litoria raniformis ) Nationally threatened species and ecological communities EPBC Act policy statement 3.14. (2009 Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra, ACT) • Targeted Growling Grass Frog Litoria Raniformis Surveys, Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria (2012 Unpublished report prepared for VicRoads by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd)
4.1 Planning phase
4.1.1 Consult with the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) in regards to suitable mitigation measures, and opportunities for not only avoiding impacts, but making a positive contribution towards enhancing habitat values for Growling Grass Frog within the Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines.
4.1.2 Submit EPBC referral to the Federal Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and the Communities, upon the basis of Growling Grass Frog occurring within the project area. EPBC referral to include mitigation measures developed in co-operation between VicRoads and DSE.
4.1.3 Obtain relevant permits and clearances from the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority (CCMA) (e.g. Works on Waterways’ permit as administered under the Water Act 1989 [ Vic ]). The CCMA will also be consulted in regards to any potential revegetation works or enhancement of Growling Grass Frog habitat.
4.1.4 The Surf Coast Shire and Colac Otway Shire (Environment Unit) will also be a key partner for VicRoads to liaise with in relation to any potential revegetation work or rehabilitation of Growling Grass Frog habitat. Relevant staff from the Surf Coast Shire and Colac Otway Shire will therefore be consulted accordingly (particularly where council is the responsible land manager).
4.1.5 Establish a contingency plan based on a set of site specific criteria that would trigger intervention of works in the event of a noticeable deterioration in habitat, water quality or observed direct death or injury of Growling Grass Frog. Establish appropriate response actions in case of such an event, based on such criteria (Refer to Table 1.0).
4.2 Prior to Project Works
4.2.1 Princes Highway Duplication from Winchelsea to Colac including, but not limited to, earthworks, drainage works and structure construction works associated with the Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines will be designed and constructed so as to avoid any in-stream impact. If circumstances arise whereby the design is changed and construction work needs to be carried out within the waterway, the EPBC referral will be resubmitted accordingly with updated construction proposals and associated mitigation measures (refer to Contingency Plan, Table 1.0).
4.2.2 In accordance with VicRoads Project Management Guidelines – Site Environmental Management (2012), VicRoads will develop a Project Environmental Protection Strategy (currently in draft form) which will form the Contract Specification and ultimately the Contractors Environmental Management Plan (as per item 4.2.3). The Project Environmental protection Strategy will emphasise the key environmental and heritage risks which relate to the project, and make particular reference to the Growling Grass Frog.
4.2.3 Prior to works commencing, the Contractor will be required to prepare an Environmental Management Strategy (EMS) as the overarching parent document from which individual Environmental Management Plans (EMP) are prepared. EMP will address key environmental risks in relation to the the Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines. Contractors EMP will make particular reference to the presence of Growling Grass Frog and the need to protect habitat for this species. In addition, key issues to be addressed will include measures for weed management (vehicle and plant hygiene), erosion and sediment control, and site set up and emergency management procedures to mitigate against the risk of fuel or chemical spills (particularly within close proximity to the waterway/s).
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4.2.4 The Contractors EMP will be prepared to the satisfaction of VicRoads in conjunction with the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment. No on ground works will be permitted to commence until VicRoads has provided formal endorsement of the Contractors EMP.
4.2.5 A VicRoads’ Environmental specialist will induct construction staff in relation to the importance of Growling Grass Frog and its habitat within the project area as well as measures to minimise impacts and protect habitat values.
4.2.6 Prior to works commencing, a joint site inspection shall be carried out between VicRoads and the Contractor to confirm the locations of no go zones, limits of works, turning points, parking and storage areas, and site office and amenities. No go zones will be established in order to limit access to the Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines. Similarly, site office, site amenities, stockpiles and associated ancillary works shall be located as far away from the waterways as is reasonably practicable (e.g. 10m from waterway as an absolute minimum as per EPA Publication 960, p. 95).
4.2.7 The Contractor will be required to install temporary fencing to clearly mark the boundaries of all ‘no go zones’. Temporary fencing materials will be highly visible (e.g. para-webbing, flag rope). ‘No go zones’ will also be clearly signed and identified.
4.2.8 The Contractor will be required to install temporary fencing to clearly mark the boundaries of all ‘no go zones’. Temporary fencing materials will be highly visible (e.g. para-webbing, flag rope). ‘No go zones’ will also be clearly signed and identified.
4.3 During Project Works
4.3.1 The Contractor’s EMP will be required to have the following mitigation measures to avoid or minimise the ecological impacts of the proposed works to the Growling Grass Frog population. If these mitigation measures are implemented, the most significant impacts to the Growling Grass Frog are expected to be limited to the least extent. The mitigation measures include, but not limited to:
4.3.1.1 Creation of new habitat to replace lost waterbodies and drainage lines in areas that will complement surrounding Growling Grass Frog habitat;
4.3.1.2 Improvement of terrestrial habitat through the provision of logs, rocks and riparian vegetation etc. to provide a diversity of overwintering habitat;
4.3.1.3 Installation and maintenance of sedimentation and erosion controls;
4.3.1.4 Management of terrestrial weeds (manually, and without chemicals);
4.3.1.5 Erect frog fencing to protect frogs from entering hazardous construction areas and to attempt to funnel animals towards underpasses/culverts for safe dispersal and prevention of road kill risk;
4.3.1.6 Use of containment bunds and/or sediment traps around refilling and chemical areas;
4.3.1.7 Procedures to respond to fuel/oil spills into water; and
4.3.1.8 Timing of construction activities to minimise impacts on breeding Growling Grass Frogs.
4.3.2 In addition to above, if required, VicRoads, in consultation with its stakeholders and Environmental Consultants, will develop a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) that cab be incorporated into the Contract Requirements for the Contractor. Such CMP will include (but not limited to) the following:
4.3.2.1 Weed control protocol;
4.3.2.2 Run-off sedimentation control procedure;
4.3.2.3 Storage and Material Stockpiling methods;
4.3.2.4 Soil Stockpiling and Excess Removal processes;
4.3.2.5 Protocol to reduce the level of Chytrid fungus infection to background levels based on relevant advice from Guidelines for reducing the spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi during earth moving operations (Smith, A, 2002 DNRE Victoria) and Minimising exposure of amphibians to pathogens during field studies (NWPS 2008, Philott et al 2010);
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4.3.2.6 Salvage and Translocation Procedures;
4.3.2.7 Fauna Crossings, Bridges and Underpasses Details;
4.3.2.8 Growling Grass Frog habitat improvement and creation works;
4.3.2.9 A Stormwater Management Plan specific to Princes Highway Duplication Project and the requirements of Growling Grass Frog habitation.
4.3.2 Endeavour to carry out earthworks, drainage works and structure construction works associated with the Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines during low flow periods and not during the breeding season for the Growling Grass Frog. Given that in-stream impacts will be avoided and minimised as part of this project, the scheduling of works during low flow periods and outside of the breeding season for Growling Grass Frog will be regarded as desirable but not mandatory. If however, circumstances arise whereby the design is changed and construction work needs to be carried out within the waterway, then scheduling works during low flow periods and outside of the breeding season for Growling Grass Frog will be become mandatory (Refer to Contingency Table – Table 1.0). This would be further outlined and documented within a revised EPBC referral which would be resubmitted prior to major in-stream impacts occurring.
4.3.2 All environmental protection measures will follow best practice, including those recognised within the VicRoads Environmental Protection Policy (1999), VicRoads Project Management Guidelines – Environmental Site Management (2012), Construction Techniques for Sediment Pollution Control (EPA 1991), Environmental Guidelines for Major Construction Sites (EPA, 1996), and VicRoads’ Standard Environmental Management Specification Clauses (VicRoads Specification Section 1200 and 2010) (Refer to Attachment 6).
4.3.3 The limits of works and associated ancillary areas (storage area, site office, turning points) will be clearly marked by temporary fencing which would have already been installed prior to work commencing. This will restrict disturbance caused by machinery and avoid disturbance to creek bed and banks and potential Growling Grass Frog habitat.
4.3.4 The construction contractor will be required to regularly inspect the temporary fencing to ensure that it is installed appropriately (i.e. on a daily basis). In addition VicRoads shall be conducting regular surveillance (i.e. weekly). 4.3.5 A VicRoads Environmental Officer will conduct a surveillance program on a regular basis which will involve assessing the effectiveness of the environmental controls, reviewing collected water quality monitoring data and reiterating the importance of the waterway and the species that occur within the waterway to construction staff. The VicRoads Environmental Officer will also work with VicRoads Surveillance Manager to ensure that all appropriate environmental controls are in place and functioning properly, and that works are being carried out in accordance with the Contractors Environmental Management Plan. 4.3.6 Ensure that all staff whether they be VicRoads personnel or contractor personnel, are aware of the Contingency Plan and how it applies to the project (refer Table 1.0).
4.4 Post Project Works
4.4.1 Carry out appropriate post-works clean-up of the site in accordance with environmental best practices, including the stabilisation of exposed soils with local native vegetation. Use indigenous plants associated with the relevant EVC as part of any landscaping works to increased habitat for native fauna.
4.4.2 VicRoads will endeavour to work in conjunction with the Department of Sustainability and Environment, the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority, and the Surf Coast Shire and Colac Otway Shire (Environment Unit), to enhance Growling Grass Frog habitat through revegetation and/or rehabilitation of silted and degraded sections of the waterway. The extent to which VicRoads is able to contribute to these initiatives will however depend upon the scope of works as negotiated between the identified stakeholders, and the funding that VicRoads has available as part of the Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac Project. Note that the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and the Communities will also be kept informed throughout this process.
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Table 1.0: Contingency plan
Parameter Measurable Actions Timing
During planning: Change of project VicRoads to contact Department of Within 2 days of Design is modified and design and Sustainability, Environment, Water, change in project significant in-stream impacts specifications meaning Population and the Communities to plans. can no longer be avoided. that significant in- notify them of the proposed changes. stream works will now be required. Re-submission of EPBC Referral. Updated referral to incorporate the proposed design changes and Resubmit EPBC updated environmental controls and referral within 10 mitigation measures. days of change in project plans.
Updated mitigation measures within EPBC referral will include mandatroy requriement for in-stream works to be Submit FFG Act secheduled during low flow periods and Wildlife Act and not during the breeding season permit for the Growling Grass Frog. applciations within 10 days of change in project Obtain FFG Act and Wildlife Act plans. permits from DSE (will become a requirement if in-stream works become necessary). During planning: Translocation Prepare translocation plan for DSE Prepare and Decision to undertake identified as a and SEWPaC approval prior to submit translocation of Growling necessary measure translocation. translocation plan Grass Frog prior to prior to in-stream within 4 weeks of commencement of in-stream works. determining that construction (based on translocation is resubmitted EPBC referral necessary. and consultation between VicRoads, SEWPaC, and DSE).
During construction: Unauthorised Stop works. Immediately upon disturbance to creek Unauthorised impact on unauthorised bed or banks, in-stream Growling Grass Frog habitat damage habitat, vegetation Notify relevant agencies (e.g. DSE, occurring. removal or other forms CCMA, SEWPaC).
of unauthorised disturbance. NB – Contractor Assess extent of habitat damage. site induction to emphasise environmental Identify measures to rectify damage. values to occur prior to works Identify measures to prevent a repeat commencing. occurrence.
NB – The Contractors will be inducted on site by VicRoads Environmental Officer prior to works commencing. This will include emphasising the importance of Growling Grass Frog and its habitat within the construction area. Contractors will be reminded throughout the project through regular visits from VicRoads Environmental Officer, and ongoing
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surveillance from VicRoads Surveillance Manager.
During construction: Any fuel / chemical Ensure emergency management EMP to be spills entering the Fuel / chemical spills procedures are included within approved by waterway or those that contractors Environmental VicRoads (in have potential to enter Management Plan. To include consultation with the waterway. provision for stopping work, DSE) prior to containing spill, cleaning up spill and works disposing of material in accordance commencing. with EPA regulations. Emergency Management procedures to also include steps for notifying relevant Emergency agencies (e.g. EPA Victoria, DSE, management CMA, SEWPaC). procedures to be implemented immediately in Environmental Management Plan to the case of a fuel make provision for at least two / chemical spill. Environmental Emergency Response personnel to be listed within EMP and on Emergency contact lists.
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5 Conclusion on the likelihood of significant impacts
5.1 Do you THINK your proposed action is a controlled action? No, complete section 5.2 Yes, complete section 5.3
5.2 Proposed action IS NOT a controlled action. The project will be designed and constructed so as to avoid any in-stream impacts. This combined with the mitigation measures and contingency plan proposed in section 4.0 of this referral are the primary reasons why it is considered that this project is NOT a controlled action. Ut can also be noted that only three Growling Grass Frogs were recorded within two waterbodies during targeted surveys.
5.3 Proposed action IS a controlled action
Matters likely to be impacted World Heritage values (sections 12 and 15A) National Heritage places (sections 15B and 15C) Wetlands of international importance (sections 16 and 17B) Listed threatened species and communities (sections 18 and 18A) Listed migratory species (sections 20 and 20A) Protection of the environment from nuclear actions (sections 21 and 22A) Commonwealth marine environment (sections 23 and 24A) Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (sections 24B and 24C) Protection of the environment from actions involving Commonwealth land (sections 26 and 27A) Protection of the environment from Commonwealth actions (section 28) Commonwealth Heritage places overseas (sections 27B and 27C)
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6 Environmental record of the responsible party
Yes No 6.1 Does the party taking the action have a satisfactory record of responsible environmental management?
Provide details
VicRoads have a history of responsible environmental management, including successful management of the Growling Grass Frogon the Geelong Ring Road Section 3 and the Pakenham Bypass.
6.2 Has either (a) the party proposing to take the action, or (b) if a permit has been applied for in relation to the action, the person making the application - ever been subject to any proceedings under a Commonwealth, State or Territory law for the protection of the environment or the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources?
If yes, provide details
6.3 If the party taking the action is a corporation, will the action be taken in accordance with the corporation’s environmental policy and planning framework?
If yes, provide details of environmental policy and planning framework See Attachment 4 for VicRoads Sustainability and Climate Change Policy. VicRoads also adheres to the following:
• VicRoads Environmental Management Guidelines • VicRoads Biodiversity Guidelines • VicRoads Roadside Conservation Management Plan Guidelines • VicRoads Cultural Heritage Guidelines • VicRoads Integrated Water Management Guidelines
6.4 Has the party taking the action previously referred an action under the EPBC Act, or been responsible for undertaking an action referred under the EPBC Act?
Provide name of proposal and EPBC reference number (if known) Geelong Bypass Sections 1 and 2 (2005/2079) Geelong Bypass Section 3 (2005/2099) Geelong Ring Road Section 4A (2008/4486) Princes Highway West – Waurn Ponds to Lennox Street (2009/5239)
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7 Information sources and attachments (For the information provided above)
7.1 References (References highlight in grey are available to the public.)
• Ecology and Heritage Partners (2012) Detailed Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria, on behalf of VicRoads, July 2012.
• Ecology and Heritage Partners (2011) Weed Assessment, Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria, on behalf of VicRoads, November 2011.
• Ecology and Heritage Partners (2012) Targeted Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Surveys, Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria, on behalf of VicRoads, May 2012.
• Biosis Research (2012) Princes Highway Duplication – Winchelsea to Colac, Desktop and Standard Assessment Report, Cultural Heritage Management Plan Number: 11898, Sponsor: VicRoads
Protected Matters Search Tool, 2011, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, accessed 25 th January, 2012.
7.2 Reliability and date of information The information in Section 3 of this report has been obtained primarily from surveys and assessments completed by Ecology and Heritage Partners and Biosis Research. These surveys range from 2011 to 2012, so none of the information is more than three years old.
The reports by specialist consultants have been prepared in consultation with the relevant regulatory authorities such as the Department of Sustainability and Environment, Aboriginal Affairs Victoria, Kuuyang Maar Aboriginal Corporation etc.
The reports prepared by the consultants contain any limitations they faced in obtaining the information. They stated that more species may have been observed if the survey was conducted over a longer time frame with greater sampling effort in different seasons.
7.3 Attachments
attached Title of attachment(s) You must attach figures, maps or aerial photographs Attachment 1 : showing the project locality (section 1) Winchelsea to Colac Locality Plan figures, maps or aerial photographs Included as part of showing the location of the project in Attachments – 2 & 3 respect to any matters of national environmental significance or important features of the environments (section 3) If relevant, attach copies of any state or local government approvals and consent conditions (section 2.5) copies of any completed assessments to meet state or local government approvals and outcomes of public consultations, if available (section 2.6) copies of any flora and fauna investigations Attachment 2: Detailed and surveys (section 3) Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment
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technical reports relevant to the Attachment 3: Targeted assessment of impacts on protected Growling Grass Frog matters that support the arguments and (Litoria raniformis) Survey conclusions in the referral (section 3 and 4) Report report(s) on any public consultations undertaken, including with Indigenous stakeholders (section 3) copies of any environmental policy and Attachment 4: VicRoads planning framework Sustainability and Climate Change Policy table(s) showing relevant lots and Attachment 5: Lot descriptions Description VicRoads’ Standard Environmental Attachment 6: VicRoads Management Specification Clauses Specification Section 1200 and 2010
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Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
REFERRAL CHECKLIST NOTE: This checklist is to help ensure that all the relevant referral information has been provided. It is not a part of the referral form and does not need to be sent to the Department.
HAVE YOU: Completed all required sections of the referral form? Included accurate coordinates (to allow the location of the proposed action to be mapped)? Provided a map showing the location and approximate boundaries of the project area? Provided a map/plan showing the location of the action in relation to any matters of NES? Provided complete contact details and signed the form? Provided copies of any documents referenced in the referral form? Ensured that all attachments are less than two megabytes (2mb)? Sent the referral to the Department (electronic and hard copy preferred)?
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Attachment 1 Winchelsea to Colac Locality Plan
Princes Highway Winchelsea to Colac
AUGUST 2012
Further information VicRoads Project Director 174-212 Colac Road, Highton Vic 3216 phone 4243 3800 email [email protected]
keeping victorians connected
Attachment 2 Detailed Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment
FINAL REPORT: Detailed Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria
ON BEHALF OF: VicRoads April 2012
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd
HEAD OFFICE: 420 Victoria Street Brunswick VIC 3056 MELBOURNE: PO Box 298, Brunswick VIC 3056 GEELONG: PO Box 8048 Newtown VIC 3220
Table of Contents
Document Control ...... 6 Summary ...... 7
1 Introduction ...... 14
1.1 Background ...... 14 1.2 Objectives ...... 14 1.3 Scope of Assessment ...... 14 1.4 Study Area ...... 15 2 Methods ...... 17
2.1 Nomenclature ...... 17 2.2 Desktop Assessment ...... 17 2.3 Flora Assessment ...... 17 2.4 Fauna Assessment ...... 17 2.5 Habitat Hectare Assessment ...... 18 2.5.1 Tree Assessment...... 19 2.6 Best or Remaining 50% of Habitat for Threatened Species ...... 21 2.7 Assessment Qualifications and Limitations ...... 21 3 Results ...... 22 3.1 Ecological Vegetation Classes ...... 22 3.2 Vegetation Condition ...... 22 3.3 Flora ...... 25 3.4 Significant Flora Species and Communities ...... 25 3.4.1 National ...... 25 3.4.2 State ...... 25 3.4.3 Significant Communities ...... 25 3.5 Fauna ...... 26 3.6 Significant Fauna ...... 27 3.7 Fauna Habitats ...... 31 3.8 Ecological Significance ...... 35
4 Implications of the Findings ...... 37 4.1 Legislative and Policy Implications ...... 37 4.1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ...... 37 4.1.2 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 ...... 39 4.1.3 Planning and Environment Act 1987 ...... 40
2 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
4.1.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 ...... 41 4.1.5 Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994...... 42 4.1.6 Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy ...... 43 4.1.7 Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan ...... 43 4.1.8 The Native Vegetation Framework...... 44 5 Net Gain Analysis...... 45
5.1 Habitat Hectare Assessment ...... 45 5.2 Tree Assessment ...... 47 5.2.1 Trees in habitat zones ...... 47 5.2.2 Scattered tree assessment ...... 47 5.3 Summary of Habitat Hectare and Tree Assessment ...... 47 5.4 Modified Treeless Vegetation ...... 48 5.5 Minor Treeless Vegetation ...... 48 5.6 Potential Habitat Hectare and Tree Losses ...... 48 5.7 Assessment of Best or Remaining 50% ...... 48 5.7.1 Habitat assessment for threatened flora and fauna species ...... 49 5.7.2 Summary of threatened species assessment ...... 50 5.8 Net Gain Implications ...... 50 5.8.1 Avoidance (Step one) ...... 50 5.8.3 Offset Calculations (Step 3) ...... 51 5.8.4 Scattered Tree Offsets ...... 52 5.8.5 Overall Summary of Habitat Hectare Targets...... 53 5.9 Potential Options to Achieve Net Gain ...... 54
6 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 56 7 Conclusion ...... 57 Plates ...... 61 Figures ...... 67
References ...... 101
Appendices ...... 103 Tables
Table 1. Benchmark tree measurements for EVCs within the study area...... 20 Table 2. EVCs mapped within the study area...... 22 Table 3. Habitat quality rating for creeks, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines within the study area...... 27 Table 4. Habitat scores for vegetation quality zones recorded within the study area...... 46 Table 5. Scattered trees present within the study area ...... 47 Table 6. Summary of habitat hectare and Large Old Tree losses within the study area ...... 48
3 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Table 7. Habitat Assessment for threatened species ...... 49 Table 8. Habitat assessment for threatened fauna species...... 49 Table 9. Net Gain habitat hectare targets for vegetation proposed for removal...... 52 Table 10. Net Gain targets for scattered trees proposed for removal (protect and recruit) ... 53 Table 11. Net Gain targets for scattered trees proposed for removal (recruit only) ...... 53 Table A1.1. Rare or Threatened categories for listed Victorian taxa...... 104 Table A1.2. Defining Ecological Significance...... 105 Table A1.3. Defining Site Significance...... 107 Table A1.4. Defining Vegetation Condition...... 108 Table A1.5. Defining Habitat Quality...... 109 Table A2.1. Flora recorded within the study area ...... 110 Table A2.2. Significant flora recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area...... 113 Table A3.1. Fauna recorded during the field survey, and previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area...... 115 Table A3.2. Significant fauna previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area. . 126 Table A4.1. Scattered trees recorded within the study area ...... 130
4 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Acknowledgments We thank the following people for their contribution to the project:
• Matthew Ryan and Andrew Pepplinkhouse (VicRoads) for project information. • Landowners for site access. • The Department of Sustainability and Environment for access to ecological databases and other information. ______The following Ecology Partners employees either undertook the field assessments and/or contributed to the preparation of this report: Robyn Giles, Andrew Taylor, Andrew Warnock and Mark Stockdale.
Project #3183
Disclaimer Although Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd have taken all the necessary steps to ensure that an accurate document has been prepared, the company accepts no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the report and its contents.
5 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Project Name Detailed Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria
Project Number 3183 Project Manager Robyn Giles, Consultant Botanist Report author(s) Robyn Giles, Consultant Botanist Andrew Taylor, Zoologist Andrew Warnock, Botanist Report Reviewer Mark Stockdale, Senior Ecologist Other EHP Staff NA File Name 3183_EHP_PrincesHwyFF_Draft Report_20042012
Report Version Comments Comments Updated Date Submitted by: Draft Draft Report - 28/10/11 Final v.1 Final Report. Updated Robyn Giles and 23/12/11 according to Andrew Taylor comments provided by VicRoads Final v.2 Final Report. Updated Robyn Giles and 20/04/2012 according to Andrew Taylor comments provided by VicRoads
6 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
SUMMARY
Introduction
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was engaged by VicRoads to undertake a Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Gain analysis for the Princes Highway Duplication project between Winchelsea and Colac, Victoria.
The flora and fauna assessment was undertaken to ascertain the likely occurrence of National and State listed significant flora and fauna species within the study area, and to identify any potential ecological constraints associated with the proposed development of the study area. A Net Gain analysis was also undertaken in accordance with Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action to address regulatory requirements for the potential removal of native vegetation.
Study Area
The Princes Highway duplication is located between Lennox Street, Winchelsea to the Geelong - Warrnambool Railway Line, Colac, Victoria. The study area extends for approximately 36 kilometres in length, and comprises the road reserve on both sides of the Princes Highway as well as areas of adjacent privately owned land, with a width of approximately 75 metres either side of the existing Right of Way.
Methods
Flora Assessment
A flora assessment was undertaken between 11 and 14 October and on 17 October 2011, to obtain information on terrestrial flora values within the study area. The study area was assessed on foot and by vehicle, with all observed vascular plants recorded, any significant records mapped and the overall condition of vegetation noted. Remnant vegetation in the local area was also reviewed to assist in determining the original vegetation within the study area.
A habitat hectare assessment was undertaken concurrently with the flora survey. Vegetation within the study area was assessed according to the habitat hectare methodology, which is described in the Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual.
Fauna
The fauna assessment was undertaken between 11 and 14 October and on 17 October 2011, to obtain information on terrestrial fauna values within the study area. Survey conditions were generally clear and mild with a light breeze. Binoculars were used to scan the area for birds, and observers also listened for calls and searched for other incidental signs such as nests, remains of dead animals, droppings and footprints.
7 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Habitat features including ground cover composition and structure, and the presence of hollows and fallen ground debris was also noted. The presence of hollows in trees will also be noted, as well as any other habitat features likely to be important for fauna (including dams).
Habitat Assessment
The study area supports numerous artificial waterbodies (farm dams), creeklines, and drainage lines with varying levels of fringing, submerged and emergent vegetation, which are likely to provide suitable habitat for numerous fauna species (namely wetland associated birds and frogs). As a result, these habitat areas have been summarised into two main categories based on their habitat suitability.
Results
Flora
Two hundred and two flora species (89 indigenous and 113 exotic) were recorded in the study area during the assessment. No nationally or state listed significant flora species were recorded within the study area.
The study area has been subject to historical land use activities (land clearing, grazing, cropping) and consists of predominantly introduced vegetation dominated by exotic species. The majority of native vegetation within the study area has been removed, and is restricted to small patches within roadside reserves, and less frequently within adjoining land.
Ecological Vegetation Classes recorded within the study area during the assessment included: Grassy Woodland, Plains Grassy Wetland and Swamp Scrub within the Otway Plain bioregion and Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland within the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion.
Fauna
Seventy fauna species were recorded during the field survey, comprising 60 birds (52 native and eight introduced), six mammals (two native and four introduced), two native frog species and two native reptile species. No national, state or regionally significant fauna species were recorded within the study area during the assessment.
The study area supports eight broad habitat types: modified woodland and scattered remnant trees; rivers, creeks and associated riparian areas; swamps and marshes; rocky areas/rock piles; ephemeral drainage lines; planted vegetation/windrows; artificial waterbodies and introduced pasture and crops.
Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies which contain a high or moderate level of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and moderate to good water quality may provide potentially suitable breeding, foraging or dispersal habitat for Growling Grass Frog.
8 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Several other moderate to high quality wetland areas provide suitable habitat for significant fauna species (i.e. state listed bird species). The Barwon River contains potentially suitable habitat for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch.
Vegetation Communities
No nationally significant vegetation communities were recorded within the study area. Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland are listed as Endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion. Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland are listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub is listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion.
Ecological Significance
In summary, based on the available information and the results of the site assessment, the vegetation remnants within the study area are considered of high local conservation significance due to the presence of:
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland listed as Endangered in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion;
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion;
• Potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog in Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies/drainage lines;
• Potential suitable habitat within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch;
• Suitable habitat for several state listed bird species in wetland areas and artificial waterbodies (farm dams); and,
• One state listed fauna species (Intermediate Egret).
Legislative and Policy Implications
No Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 listed flora species were recorded within the study area and none are considered likely to occur due to the modified condition of habitat.
The study area contains suitable habitat for the nationally listed Growling Grass Frog, and it is recommended that targeted surveys are undertaken for this species during the survey period (October-November) within suitable habitat to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of this species within the study area. Potential suitable habitat occurs within the Barwon River for the nationally listed Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch. Depending on the construction footprint for the Princes Highway duplication, targeted surveys may be required to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of these species within the study area.
9 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
The requirement for an Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister should be determined pending the outcome of targeted surveys for these species.
A Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 permit is required for the removal of protected flora species located on public land (i.e. road reserves). A Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 permit is generally not required on private property.
One protected flora species (Milky Beauty-heads) was recorded within the study area. However, VicRoads has a blanket Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Permit (Permit Number 10005757) to ‘take’ protected flora species in areas of public land (i.e. within road reserves).
Under the VicRoads Native Vegetation Guidelines, exemptions may apply for the removal of native vegetation for works associated with maintenance activities; minor improvement works; and road safety treatments. However, the Princes Highway Duplication project does not fall within these categories; therefore, the Public Roads exemption is unlikely to apply.
A Planning Permit is required from the Colac Otway Shire and the Surf Coast Shire to remove or disturb any native vegetation within the study area under Clause 52.17. In this instance, the Department of Sustainability and Environment would be the mandatory referral authority for removal of vegetation within the road reserve.
Net Gain Assessment
In summary, the study area consists of 1.54 habitat hectares within remnant patches and 20 scattered indigenous trees, comprising:
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
• 0.04 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland;
• 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and,
• 0.82 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland.
• One scattered tree (1 Very Large Old Tree).
Otway Plain bioregion: • 0.12 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub;
• 0.34 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland; and,
• 0.16 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland.
• Twenty scattered indigenous trees comprising 2 Very Large Old Trees, 9 Large Old Tree, 4 Medium Large Old Trees and 5 Small Trees.
10 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Vegetation Losses
No detailed construction plans were available at the time of the assessment. Therefore, the losses and associated Net Gain targets are based on the potential removal of all remnant vegetation from within the study area.
Avoidance and Minimisation
The potential losses and associated gain targets are based on the potential removal of all remnant vegetation within the study area. It is recommended that VicRoads investigates potential alignment options to avoid the extent and impact of clearing through the design planning and process, which may reduce the extent of remnant vegetation to be removed. Trees can only be considered retained if they are fenced off to at least the drip line, and do not become a public risk (i.e. under the tree it is landscaped to prevent human access).
To minimise the loss of vegetation within the study area the following should be considered:
• Appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input into project design and management.
• Temporary fencing should be installed around remnant vegetation to minimise disturbance (i.e. designated ‘no-go’ areas) prior to construction.
• Tree Retention Zones should be implemented to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during construction activities.
Net Gain Targets
The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion includes: • 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland; • 0.09 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and, • 1.23 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland. To offset for the loss of 1 scattered tree using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 4 Very Large Old Trees and recruit 20 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 200 new trees that would need to be recruited. The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the Otway Plain bioregion includes: • 0.18 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub; • 0.51 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland; and, • 0.24 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland.
11 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
To offset for the loss of 20 scattered trees using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 8 Very Large Old Trees, 18 Large Old Trees and 4 Medium Large Old Trees and recruit 240 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 1590 new trees that would need to be recruited. Offset Management Strategy
At this stage the investigation of offset sites has not been undertaken. For any offset measures (for habitat hectares) an audit process and management plan are required in order to ensure that the Net Gain outcomes are achieved, and that the gains are on-going and of a secure nature (e.g. Section 173 and 69 agreements or vegetation covenants etc. negotiated between the proponent and relevant parties). In accordance with the Department of Transport / Department of Sustainability and Environment Memorandum of Understanding for Native Vegetation Offsets, all offsets must be sourced and secured within 12 months of vegetation removal. VicRoads will source offsets in accordance with the Native Vegetation Management Framework and secure these through either a Section 173 agreement under the Planning & Environment Act 1987, a Section 69 agreement under the Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, or a Trust for Nature covenant.
Mitigation Measures
Measures to mitigate/ameliorate potential impacts on the ecological values in the study area include:
• Any future development should address the first two principles of three-step approach of the Framework to ‘avoid’ and ‘minimise’ impacts to remnant native vegetation, which reduces the requirement for vegetation removal, and can reduce the Net Gain targets;
• A Construction Environment Management Plan should be developed prior to any works commencing on the project. This plan should include:
o A Weed Management Plan to control listed noxious and environmental weeds during each construction phase;
o Best practice sedimentation and pollution control measures to the satisfaction of Environmental Protection Authority to minimise disturbance to rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, drainage lines and areas of significant fauna habitat(s) along the proposed alignment (i.e. Barwon River);
o Where construction is identified adjacent to areas of ecological value, these sites should be fenced and identified as ‘no go’ areas to avoid disturbance during the construction phase of the project; and,
o Where possible, construction stockpiles, machinery, roads, and other infrastructure should be placed away from areas supporting native vegetation, large old trees and/or wetlands.
12 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• If deemed necessary, a Fauna Salvage and Translocation Plan should be developed prior to commencement of works. Persons undertaking any inspection, removal or relocation of fauna species located in vegetation to be impacted upon as part of the project must be authorised and hold a current permit under the Wildlife Act 1975; and, • Where revegetation works may be required, use indigenous plants associated with the relevant Ecological Vegetation Classes as part of any landscaping works to increased habitat for native fauna. Additional Requirements
Ecology and Heritage Partners recommends that VicRoads undertakes targeted surveys for Growling Grass Frog within suitable habitat, during the survey period (October-November) to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of this species within the study area.
Potential suitable habitat occurs within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch. While these species were not detected during previous targeted aquatic fauna surveys, appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented to ensure that no direct impacts to potential habitat occurs as a result of the proposed road development.
The requirement for an Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister should be determined pending the outcome of targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys within suitable habitat.
13 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was engaged by VicRoads to undertake a flora and fauna assessment and Net Gain analysis for the Princes Highway Duplication project between Winchelsea and Colac, Victoria.
The flora and fauna assessment was undertaken to ascertain the likely occurrence of National and State listed significant flora and fauna species within the study area, and to identify any potential ecological constraints associated with the proposed development of the study area. A Net Gain analysis was also undertaken in accordance with Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action (the Framework) (NRE 2002) to address regulatory requirements for the potential removal of native vegetation.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of this report were to:
• Identify terrestrial flora and fauna and Net Gain values within the study area. • Ensure ecological values identified are integrated with the planning and development stages of the Princess Highway Duplication project.
• Determine any potential impacts on ecological values at a National and State level associated with the Princess Highway duplication.
• Provide advice on mitigation measures that may reduce the impacts of the development on significant flora or fauna species known or likely to occur within the study area.
1.3 Scope of Assessment
Tasks for the flora and fauna assessment included:
• Review of relevant environmental databases to gain an understanding of native vegetation communities, flora and fauna species that may occur within the study area; • A site assessment by a qualified botanist and zoologist to identify flora and fauna values within the study area; • Provision of map(s) showing areas of remnant native vegetation, locations of any significant flora and fauna species, and/or important fauna habitat; • Classification of any flora and fauna species identified or considered likely to occur within the study area in accordance with Commonwealth and State legislation; • Identification of Commonwealth and State environmental legislative implications and determine potential impacts on flora and fauna, which may be impacted by future development;
14 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• Measures which may be undertaken to avoid and/or mitigate against potential adverse impacts on flora and fauna values; and, • Liaison with relevant authorities and agencies (where required). Net Gain Assessment The following tasks were carried out to address the requirements under the Framework (NRE 2002): • A habitat hectare assessment of the study area; including • The extent of any remnant vegetation in hectares; • The quality and quantity of any vegetation in habitat hectares and location (using a hand held GPS) of any Large Old Trees within the area proposed for development; • A map of any habitat hectare zones within the study area; and, • The location, species and trunk diameter of any ‘scattered trees’. • Net Gain or Offset target calculations (one set of calculations) for any remnant native vegetation identified for removal as part of the proposed development; and, • Document how the three step approach of the Net Gain policy, avoid, minimise and offset, has been addressed.
1.4 Study Area
The Princes Highway duplication is located between Lennox Street, Winchelsea to the Geelong - Warrnambool Railway Line, Colac, Victoria (Figure 1). The study area extends for approximately 36 kilometres in length, and comprises the road reserve on both sides of the Princes Highway as well as areas of adjacent privately owned land, with a width of approximately 75 metres either side of the existing Right of Way.
The topography within the study area varies from the relatively flat plains east of Warncoort, to gently undulating topography to the west. Areas of private land throughout the study area predominately comprise of agricultural land used for pasture and crops. Two waterways, Birregurra Creek and Barwon River, also occur within the study area as well as numerous artificial waterbodies (i.e. farm dams).
The majority of the land within study area and the immediate surrounds have been subject to modification through agricultural use. Current land use includes agriculture (cropping and grazing) within areas of private land. The majority of native vegetation throughout the study area and surrounds has been cleared or modified as a result of previous land use activities and remnant vegetation is generally restricted to roadside reserves.
According to the Department of Sustainability and Environment’s (DSE) Biodiversity Interactive Map (DSE 2011) the study area occurs within the Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) and Otway Plain bioregions (Figure 2). The study area also falls within the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority and the Surf Coast Shire and Colac Otway Shire municipalities (Figure 1). The majority of study area is zoned as Road Zone – Category 1 (RDZ1) within the road reserves, and areas of private land are zoned Farming Zone (FZ).
15 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
The area surrounding Birregurra Creek and the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve (adjacent to Ayreys Road) is zoned as Public Conservation and Resource Zone (PCRZ), and the Geelong – Colac railway reserve is zoned as Public Use Zone – Schedule 4 (PUZ4) (DPCD 2011).
Several sites within the study area are subject to Environmental Significance Overlays (DPCD 2011).
• The area surrounding the Barwon River is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 1 (ESO1);
• Lake Ayrey is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 4 (ESO4);
• The floodplain of Birregurra Creek, west of McDonnells Road, is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 4 (ESO4); and,
• An area surrounding Lake Colac, bounded by Colac-Ballarat Road to the east and Flaxmill Road/Princess Highway to the south, is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 1 (ESO1).
16 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
2 METHODS
2.1 Nomenclature
Common and scientific names of vascular plants follow the Flora Information System (FIS) (2011) and the Census of Vascular Plants of Victoria (Walsh and Stajsic 2007). Vegetation community names follow DSE’s Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC) benchmarks (DSE 2011) and VicRFASC (2000). The names of terrestrial vertebrate fauna (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians) follow the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (VBA) (2010).
2.2 Desktop Assessment
The following resources and databases were reviewed: • The FIS (2011) and VBA (2010) databases for historic flora and fauna records and previous survey reports (Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010); • DSE’s Biodiversity Interactive Maps showing historic and current EVCs (DSE 2011); • Information relating to matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) (listed taxa and ecological communities) protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) was obtained from the Protected Matters Search Tool (SEWPaC 2011); • Planning Schemes Online to ascertain current zoning and environmental overlays (DPCD 2011); and, • Relevant environmental legislation and policies.
2.3 Flora Assessment
A flora assessment was undertaken between 11 and 14 October and on 17 October 2011, to obtain information on terrestrial flora values within the study area. The study area was assessed on foot and by vehicle, with all observed vascular plants recorded, any significant records were mapped and the overall condition of vegetation noted. Remnant vegetation in the local area was also reviewed to assist in determining the original vegetation within the study area.
EVCs were determined by reference to DSE pre-1750 and extant EVC mapping and their published descriptions (DSE 2011). The significance assessment criteria of taxa and vegetation communities are presented in Appendix 1.
2.4 Fauna Assessment
The fauna assessment was undertaken between 11 and 14 October and on 17 October 2011, to obtain information on terrestrial fauna values within the study area. Survey conditions were generally clear and mild with a light breeze.
17 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Binoculars were used to scan the area for birds, and observers also listened for calls and searched for other incidental signs such as nests, remains of dead animals, scats and tracks. Habitat features including ground cover composition and structure, and the presence of hollows and fallen ground debris was also noted. The presence of hollows in trees was also noted, as well as any other habitat features likely to be important for fauna (including farm dams).
2.4.1 Habitat Assessment
The study area supports numerous artificial waterbodies (farm dams), creeklines, and drainage lines with varying levels of fringing, submerged and emergent vegetation, which are likely to provide suitable habitat for numerous fauna species (namely wetland associated birds and frogs). As a result, these habitat areas have been summarised into two main categories based on their habitat suitability.
High to Moderate Quality Habitat: Sites with high quality habitat contained a significant cover of native aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and good water quality (Plates 1-2). Sites with moderate quality habitat contained a moderate to high cover of aquatic vegetation but were smaller in area (Plate 2).
Low Quality Habitat: Low quality habitat areas contained low levels of aquatic and semi- aquatic vegetation and low water quality, with some level of grazing or disturbance evident around the perimeter (Plate 3). These sites have a low probability of being used by significant fauna species for breeding, foraging and refuge.
2.5 Habitat Hectare Assessment
A habitat hectare assessment was undertaken concurrently with the flora survey between 11 and 14 October and on 17 October, 2011. Vegetation within the study area was assessed according to the habitat hectare methodology, which is described in the Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual (DSE 2004).
Under DSE guidelines, three categories of vegetation have been defined (DSE 2007a). The three categories are ‘remnant patches’, ‘scattered trees’ and ‘degraded treeless vegetation’. Habitat hectare assessments were only undertaken in areas of vegetation considered to be remnant patches or scattered trees.
• A remnant patch is defined as:
o An area of vegetation, with or without trees, where less than 75% of the total understorey plant cover is weeds or non-native plants (i.e. at least 25% understorey cover is indigenous); or,
o A group (i.e. three or more) of trees where the tree canopy cover is at least 20%.
18 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• Scattered Trees are defined as canopy trees within an area where at least 75% of the total understorey plant cover are non-native and the overall canopy cover for a group (i.e. three or more) of trees is less than 20%.
• Degraded treeless vegetation is all other vegetation that does not meet the thresholds for a remnant patch or scattered trees (DSE 2007a).
DSE (2010) has further defined degraded treeless vegetation into two categories:
• Minor Treeless Vegetation – Vegetation comprising less than 25% native understorey cover. No offset or habitat hectare assessment is required.
• Modified Treeless Vegetation – Vegetation comprising greater than 25% native understorey cover, it does not support habitat for rare or threatened species, and the native species present are unlikely to have originally dominated the site. No offset or habitat hectare assessment is required.
The decision as to whether vegetation qualifies as Modified Treeless Vegetation is determined by DSE. If DSE consider that the vegetation is not Modified Treeless Vegetation or it is Modified Treeless Vegetation that provides habitat for rare or threatened species, then assessments and offsets are required. No formal offsets are required for the proposed removal of Minor Treeless Vegetation or Modified Treeless Vegetation. However, a planning permit is required for the removal of any native vegetation associated with Minor Treeless Vegetation or Modified Treeless Vegetation unless an exemption clause under 52.17-6 of the Victorian Planning Schemes applies.
Where losses are permitted, the definition of conservation significance and offset objectives is guided by the Framework (Appendices 3 and 4, Tables 5 and 6; NRE 2002) and the Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan (CCMA 2005).
2.5.1 Tree Assessment
The Framework recognises that old trees are important environmental assets and these can be found in habitat zones, or as relicts of vegetation that formerly occupied the site (scattered trees). The Framework includes minimum protection/replacement ratios for trees that are to be removed as part of permitted clearing, based on the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). Ratios apply to large old trees in ‘habitat zones’ and to scattered old trees where the indigenous understorey cover is less than 25% of the total understorey cover (Table 1). Small scattered trees (i.e. not old trees) are also considered to be environmental assets, and any permitted clearance would require offset ratios.
The removal of scattered trees that are reproductively mature, but that are smaller in diameter than medium old trees for that EVC, will also require replacement ratios. Regardless of the Conservation Status of the EVC to which these trees belong, they are considered to have a Conservation Significance of "Low", unless the tree species itself has the status of a threatened species (CCMA 2005).
19 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Table 1. Benchmark tree measurements for EVCs within the study area.
Bioregion Ecological Vegetation Class Canopy Very Large Old Large Old Medium Large Old (number) cover Tree (cm) Tree DBH Old Tree Tree (cm) DBH (cm) density/ha VVP Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) 15% 120 80 60 8/ha VVP Floodplain Riparian Woodland (EVC 15% 120 80 60 15/ha 56) Otway Plain Grassy Woodland (EVC 175) Eucalypt spp. 15% 105 70 52.5 15/ha Allocasuarina spp. 60 40 30
Key: DBH = Diameter at Breast Height Trees within Habitat Zones
In relation to habitat zones that contain large old trees, the Framework states:
For each large old tree removed as part of permitted clearing a certain number of other large old trees have to be protected and a certain number recruited (NRE 2002).
Net Gain is the overall outcome where native vegetation and habitat gains are greater than the losses and where losses are avoided, where possible.
Scattered Trees
In relation to scattered old trees in relation to scattered old trees in parcels of land greater than four hectares with less than eight scattered old trees per hectare, or for parcels of land less than four hectares with any number of scattered old trees per hectare the Framework states:
For each medium or large old tree removed as part of permitted clearing an appropriate number of new trees must be recruited. The number of new trees that must be recruited will be specified in regional Native Vegetation Plans and may be graded according to conservation significance. However where it better suits their circumstances, landholders may use the ‘protect other trees and ensure supplementary recruitment’ approach to meet this criteria (NRE 2002).
The Framework and the Regional Native Vegetation Plans (CCMA 2005) contain offset ratios for losses of scattered trees, which are:
• protect and recruit options for Very Large, Large and Medium Old Trees, or
• recruit only options for Very Large, Large, Medium Old Trees and other/small scattered trees.
It should be noted that DSE’s preference in the first instance is to apply the ‘protect and recruit option’ for the potential removal of scattered indigenous trees.
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2.6 Best or Remaining 50% of Habitat for Threatened Species
In order to determine the best or remaining 50% of habitat for rare and threatened flora and fauna, species that are considered likely to be present within each EVC were assessed according to the steps outlined in Table 2 in the Guide for Assessment of Referred Planning Permit Applications (DSE 2007a).
Threatened flora species considered likely to be present (i.e. species given a likelihood rating of at least 2 in Appendix 2.2) within each EVC, was based on previous records, habitat type present and the requirements of each flora species.
Threatened fauna species considered likely to use the study area for foraging and/or breeding due to the high quality of habitat (i.e. species given likelihood rating of at least 2 in Appendix 3.2 and are listed as endangered, vulnerable or rare).
For significant flora and fauna species not recorded within the study area but recorded in the local area or with potential habitat present in the local area (Appendices 2 and 3), if they were not considered to be a ‘resident’ or to ‘make significant use of the study area’, there was no further consideration given to these flora and fauna species in regards to determining best or remaining 50% habitat (Table 2, DSE 2007a).
2.7 Assessment Qualifications and Limitations
The survey was undertaken during the period considered optimal for a flora and fauna survey (spring). It is considered that only a small number of additional common flora species were likely to have been recorded if the survey was undertaken over a longer duration. The short duration of the survey meant that migratory, transitory or uncommon fauna species may also have been missed.
It should be noted that at finer scales DSE’s EVC mapping becomes less clear and accurate due to the inherently broad environmental and ecological parameters used in the mapping process, and as a result of site-specific factors such as disturbance and modification. Where a vegetation type observed in the study area was not reflective of what would be expected from EVC mapping, and did not clearly fit within the EVC classification systems, it was apportioned to the ‘best-fit’ EVC based on its physical growing environment, structural and floristic attributes and with reference to regional EVC descriptions
Notwithstanding the above, terrestrial flora and fauna data collected during the field assessment, and information obtained from relevant sources (e.g. biological databases and relevant literature) provides an accurate assessment of the ecological values within the study area and the implications of any proposed development. The survey also fulfils other obligations, such as developing species lists and undertaking Net Gain assessments.
21 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
3 RESULTS
3.1 Ecological Vegetation Classes
DSE modelled (pre-1750) EVC mapping for the region shows that the study area and immediate surrounds would have predominantly contained Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) and Grassy Woodland (EVC 175) (DSE 2011) Extant DSE mapping shows isolated occurrences of Plains Grassy Woodland and Grassy Woodland, with occurrences of Floodplain Riparian Woodland (EVC 56), Stony Rises Woodland (EVC 203), Plains Sedgy Wetland (EVC 647) and Swamp Scrub (53) (DSE 2011). EVCs recorded within the study area during the assessment are outlined in Table 2. Remnant canopy tree species were largely absent from all vegetation types within the study area, therefore EVC classification was largely based on the presence/abundance of native understorey species. Based on field observations and discussions with DSE, modified treeless patches were mapped according to the pre-1750 mapping within the relevant bioregion (D. Burns, DSE pers. comm.), (i.e. Plains Grassy Woodland within the VVP bioregion and Grassy Woodland within the Otway Plain bioregion).
Table 2. EVCs mapped within the study area.
EVC Number Significance Otway Plain bioregion Grassy Woodland 175 Endangered Plains Grassy Wetland 125 Endangered Swamp Scrub 53 Vulnerable VVP bioregion Plains Grassy Woodland 55 Endangered Plains Sedgy Wetland 647 Endangered Floodplain Riparian Woodland 56 Endangered
3.2 Vegetation Condition
The study area contains several vegetation types ranging from highly modified areas dominated by exotic vegetation (i.e. open pasture) in poor condition, to areas of remnant vegetation (i.e. Plains Grassy Woodland and Floodplain Riparian Woodland) in moderate condition.
The study area has been subject to historical land use activities (land clearing, grazing, cropping) and consists of predominantly introduced vegetation dominated by exotic species. The majority of native vegetation throughout the study area and surrounds has been cleared or modified as a result of previous land use activities and remnant vegetation was generally limited to roadside reserves. Ecological features (i.e. EVCs, threatened species) recorded in the study area are shown in Figures 3a to 3bb.
22 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
The majority of private land throughout the study area was highly modified as a result of previous and current land use activities (i.e. agriculture), and comprised open pasture or crops. Areas of open pasture was dominated by common exotic pasture and weed species such as, Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne, Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata, Prairie Grass Bromus catharticus, Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus, Toowoomba Canary-grass Phalaris aquatica, Ribwort Plantago lanceolata, Hairy Ox-tongue Helminthotheca echioides and Common Vetch Vicia sativa subsp. sativa.
The roadside reserves generally consisted of exotic species with planted trees and occasional patches of native grasses and forbs. Planted trees within the road reserve consisted predominantly of Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa, Sugar Gum Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Southern Mahogany Eucalyptus botryoides and Radiata Pine Pinus radiata with additional planted exotic, non-native and indigenous trees and shrubs also present. Native grasses such as Kangaroo Grass and Wallaby Grasses Austrodanthonia spp. were common along fence lines in several areas.
Several noxious weed species were present throughout the study area, both within the roadside reserves and private land. One-leaf Cape-tulip Moraea flaccid, Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare, Saffron Thistle Carthamus lanatus, Soursob Oxalis pes-caprae and Blackberry Rubus fruticosus spp. agg., Fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Chilean Needle-grass Nassella neesiana and Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma were scattered throughout the study area. Crack Willow Salix fragilis was also found beside some dams and creeks.
Areas comprising less than 25% native species cover, including areas of exotic dominated pasture with scattered native grasses and areas of planted native and exotic trees and shrubs, were mapped as Minor Treeless Vegetation (DSE 2010) (Figures 3a-3bb). Areas of indigenous vegetation cover comprising greater than 25% cover but with species that were unlikely to have originally dominated the site or have recolonised an area which has previously been disturbed (e.g. regenerating Acacias along roadsides) were mapped as Modified Treeless Vegetation (DSE 2010) (Figures 3a-3bb). Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) is described as open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall, on poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer (DSE 2011). Plains Grassy Woodland was recorded in scattered patches along the road reserve within the VVP bioregion (Figures 3a-3bb). Overstorey trees were absent within all patches throughout the roadside reserves. The understorey generally consisted of natives species such as Kangaroo Grass Themeda triandra, Bristly Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia setacea, Spear Grasses Austrostipa spp., Grey Tussock-grass Poa sieberiana, Bidgee-widgee Acaena novae- zelandiae, Hairy Sheep's Burr Acaena agnipila, Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata, Milky Beauty-heads Calocephalus lacteus, Black-anther Flax-lily Dianella admixta, Blue Devil Eryngium ovinum and Pink Bindweed Convolvulus erubescens. Weed species within patches
23 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac of Plains Grassy Woodland were consistent with those of surrounding areas, as described above. Grassy Woodland
Grassy Woodland (EVC 175) is described as a variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 metres tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 metres tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs, with a sparse shrub layer (DSE 2011). Grassy Woodland was recorded in scattered patches along the road reserve within the Otway Plain bioregion (Figures 3a-3bb). Overstorey trees were absent from all patches of Grassy Woodland and generally consisted of Kangaroo Grass, Bristly Wallaby-grass, Spear-grasses and Bidgee-widgee. Higher quality patches (i.e. GW2) also consisted of Smooth Rice-flower Pimelea glauca, Pale Sundew Drosera peltata subsp. peltata and Blackwood Acacia melanoxylon. Weed species within patches of Grassy Woodland were consistent with those of surrounding areas, as described above. Floodplain Riparian Woodland
Floodplain Riparian Woodland (EVC 56) is described as open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a medium to large shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. It occurs along the banks and floodplains in conjunction with floodplain wetland communities, subject to periodic flooding and inundation (DSE 2011).
Floodplain Riparian Woodland was limited to the banks of the Barwon River within the Winchelsea Township (Figures 3a). The vegetation was highly modified and comprised a canopy of River Red-gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis with Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum, Blackwood and Kangaroo Apple Solanum laciniatum within the understorey. Common Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei was present along the banks of the river, with Water Ribbons Triglochin procerum also present. Woody weeds present included Crack Willow and Elm Ulmus spp. along the banks of the Barwon River.
Plains Sedgy Wetland
Plains Sedgy Wetland (EVC 647) occurs in seasonally wet depressions. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins (DSE 2011).
Plains Sedgy Wetland was present in a low-lying surrounding a tributary of Birregurra Creek east of the Warncoort-Birregurra Road (Figure 3s). Vegetation present included Water Ribbons, Common Spike-sedge Eleocharis acuta, Broad-leaf Cumbungi Typha orientalis and Common Reed Phragmites australis.
Plains Grass Wetland
Plains Grassy Wetland (EVC 125) is dominated by grasses and small sedges and herbs and is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the wetter central areas (DSE 2011).
24 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plains Grassy Wetland was recorded surrounding a dam on the northern side of the Princes Highway adjacent to Lake Ayrey (Figure 3q). The vegetation was highly modified (mainly due to grazing), and comprised a dense cover (>50%) of Common Tussock-grass.
Swamp Scrub
Swamp Scrub (EVC 53) is typically found at low elevations along streams or on poorly drained sites and is dominated by a dense thicket of shrubs (DSE 2004).
Swamp Scrub occurs around Birregurra Creek (Figure 3p) and one of its tributaries near Prices Lane (Figure 3m). The vegetation was highly modified, mainly due to agriculture (i.e. grazing) within the area, lacking the shrub layer which is typical of this EVC. This area was dominated by Common Reed (>50% cover) with Common Spike-sedge and Water Buttons Cotula coronopifolia also present.
3.3 Flora
Two hundred and two flora species (89 indigenous and 113 exotic) were recorded in the study area during the field assessment (Appendix 2.1). No nationally or state listed significant flora species were recorded within the study area.
3.4 Significant Flora Species and Communities
3.4.1 National
Four nationally listed flora species have previously been recorded within the local area (within 10 kilometres of the study area) (VBA 2010) (Figure 4; Appendix 2.2). An additional seven species, not previously documented within the local area, also have habitat as potentially occurring within the vicinity of the study area (SEWPaC 2011). The likelihood of occurrence of nationally threatened species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 2.2.
3.4.2 State
No state significant flora species were recorded within the study area during the assessment. The VBA (2011) contains records of an additional 25 state additional listed species within the local area (Figure 4; Appendix 2.2). The likelihood of occurrence of state listed threatened species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 2.2.
3.4.3 Significant Communities
No listed significant vegetation communities were recorded within the study area. Two nationally listed ecological communities, Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain and Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, both listed as critically endangered under the EPBC Act, are predicted to occur within 10 kilometres of the study area (SEWPaC 2011).
25 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
While Plains Grassy Woodland vegetation within the VVP bioregion was recorded within the study area, the vegetation did not meet the condition thresholds for Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain ecological community (Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2008).
Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland are listed as Endangered in the VVP bioregion. Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland are listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub is listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion.
3.5 Fauna
Seventy fauna species were recorded during the field surveys comprising 60 birds (52 native and eight introduced), six mammals (two native and four introduced), two native frog species and two native reptile species (Appendix 3.1). No nationally listed significant fauna species were recorded within the study area. One state significant fauna species (Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia) was recorded within the study area during the field assessment.
Locally common bird species recorded during the field assessment included Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris, Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus, Brown Falcon Falco berigora, Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena, Galah Eolophus roseicapilla, Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris, Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita, Red- rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus, Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis, Superb Fairy- wren Malurus cyaneus, Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa, White- plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus, Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata, Black- faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae, Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica, Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes, Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen, Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscarpa, Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys and Little Raven Corvus mellori.
Wetland associated bird species recorded during the site assessment included Grey Teal Anas gracilis, Chestnut Teal Anas castanea, Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa, Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris, White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica, Intermediate Egret, White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae, Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis, Yellow-billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes, Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio, Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa, Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis, Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus and Little Grassbird Megalurus gramineus.
Introduced bird and mammal species commonly observed within the study area included House Mouse Mus musculus, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, European Hare Lepus europeaus, European Skylark Alauda arvensis, Common Blackbird Turdus merula, Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris, House Sparrow Passer domesticus and European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis.
26 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
3.5.1 Habitat assessment
Sixty nine artificial waterbodies were assessed within the study area. However, only fifteen waterbodies were considered to provide suitable habitat for significant fauna species (i.e. considered to be of moderate or high habitat value for species such as Growling Grass Frog) (Figures 3a-3bb). As many drainage lines form part of (i.e. flow into) the artificial waterbodies, for the purpose of this assessment these have been identified as ‘artificial waterbodies’. The Barwon River, Birregurra Creek, Lake Ayrey and high to moderate quality wetland areas surrounded by native vegetation were considered to provide potential breeding, foraging or dispersal habitat for a range of significant fauna species (Table 3).
Table 3. Habitat quality rating for creeks, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines within the study area.
Habitat Quality Rating Habitat Identification Number (see Figures 3a - 3bb)
High 41 (BC) 45 (LA) 52A Medium 11A 12A 13A 19A 26A 30A 38A 46A 47 51A 58A 61A 66A 67A Low 1A 10A 14A 15A 16A 17A 18A 2A 20A 21A 22A 23A 24A 25A 27A 28A 29A 3A 31A 32A 33A 34A 35A 36A 37A 39A 4A 9A 40A 42A 43A 44A 48A 49A 5A 50A 53A 54A 55A 56A 57A 59A 6A 60A 62A 63A 64A 65A 68A 69A 7A 70A 71A 8A
Note: Bold indicates areas surrounded by native vegetation; BC = Birregurra Creek; LA = Lake Ayrey; A = Artificial Waterbodies.
The majority of artificial waterbodies within the study area were highly modified, as a result of grazing and/or the presence of exotic vegetation and provide only marginal habitat (low quality) for locally abundant fauna species (particularly birds).
3.6 Significant Fauna
3.6.1 National
Twenty four nationally listed fauna species have previously been recorded within the local area (within 10 km of the study area) (VBA 2010); or habitat for these species is predicted to occur within the study area (SEWPaC 2011) (Figures 5a and 5b). The likelihood of occurrence of nationally significant fauna species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 3.2.
These species include:
• Six terrestrial mammals: Eastern Barred Bandicoot Perameles gunnii, Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus, Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus,
27 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Spot-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculates, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus and New Holland Mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae;
• Two bat species: Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus and Common Bent- wing bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassani;
• Three coastal-associated birds: Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur, Fairy Tern Sternula nereis and Rufous Bristlebird Dasyornis Broadbenti caryochrus
• Two woodland dependent birds: Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia and Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor;
• One grassland dependent bird: Plains Wanderer Pedionomus torquatus;
• Two wetland dependent birds: Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus and Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis;
• Two reptiles: Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar and Corangamite Water Skink Eulamprus tympanum marnieae;
• Four fish: Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla, Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica, and Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura;
• One frog: Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis; and,
• One invertebrate: Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana.
Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies which contain a high or moderate levels of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation (Table 3), and moderate to good water quality may provide potentially suitable breeding, foraging or dispersal habitat for Growling Grass Frog (Figures 3a-3bb).
The VBA (2010) contains relatively few records for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch (Appendix 3.1), although the Barwon River may contain potential suitable habitat for these species. However, these species were not recorded during previous targeted aquatic fauna surveys within the Barwon River at the Winchelsea Bridge crossing (Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010), and neither species are expected to be permanent residents within the study area.
Australasian Bittern may forage throughout the study area on rare occasions. However, the majority of remaining waterbodies do not provide sufficient habitat (i.e. habitat containing suitable cover such as reedbeds and other vegetation such as cumbungi, rushes and sedges) for this species.
There is a low likelihood of occurrence for any additional listed significant fauna species within the study area (Appendix 3.2).
28 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
3.6.2 State
The VBA (2010) contains records of 28 state significant fauna species previously recorded from within 10 kilometres of the study area (Figures 5a and 5b) (Appendix 3.2). The likelihood of occurrence of state significant fauna species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 3.2.
These species include:
• Two bat species: Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris and Common Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii;
• Two nocturnal raptors: Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae and Powerful Owl Ninox strenua;
• Three diurnal raptors: Black Falcon Falco subniger, Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae and White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster;
• Sixteen wetland associated birds: Australian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis, Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla, Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis, Brolga Grus rubicunda, Caspian Tern Sterna caspia, Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta, Hardhead Aythya australis, Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia, Lewin’s Rail Lewinia pectoralis, Little Egret Egretta garzetta nigripes, Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica macrotarsa, Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa, Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata, Musk Duck Biziura lobata and Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia
• One woodland associated birds: Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata;
• Two heathland/grassland associated birds: Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis and Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax;
• One frog: Southern Toadlet Pseudophyryne semimarmorata; and,
• One crustacean: Otway Crayfish Geocharax gracilis.
One state significant bird (Intermediate Egret) was observed within the Barwon River during the assessment. However, no state significant fauna species have been recorded within the Barwon River as a result of targeted aquatic fauna surveys (Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010).
Brolga has been recorded (most recent in 2008) from a number of locations within the local area (Figure 5a and 5b) (VBA 2010). While sections of the study area provide marginal foraging habitat for Brolga, there is a low likelihood that this species resides within the study area for breeding purposes.
29 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Potential suitable foraging habitat has also been identified within the study area for a variety of wetland associated birds in high to moderate quality habitat (Table 3), including: Australian Shoveler, Magpie Goose, Freckled Duck, Royal Spoonbill, Baillon’s Crake, Blue-billed Duck, Eastern Great Egret, Hardhead, Musk Duck and Little Egret. Suitable habitat for these bird species includes large ephemeral wetlands (areas of Plains Sedgy Wetland), creeklines and permanent artificial weaterbodies (Figures 3a-3bb).
Black Falcon, Grey Goshawk, White-bellied Sea Eagle may forage over open areas or ephemeral sedgy wetlands on the occasional basis; however, there is limited breeding habitat for these species within the study area (i.e. areas of intact woodland and coastal forest).
There is no suitable breeding habitat for any state significant fauna species within the remainder of the study area. There is a low likelihood of occurrence for any additional state listed significant fauna species within the study area (Appendix 3.2).
3.6.3 Regional and local
No regionally significant fauna species were recorded within the study area during the field assessment. The VBA (2010) contains records of 20 regionally significant fauna previously recorded from within 10 kilometres of the study area (Appendix 3.2).
These species include:
• One mammal: Fat-tailed Dunnart Sminthopsis crassicaudata;
• One diurnal raptor: Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis;
• Eight wetland associated birds: Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae, Australian Pratincole Stiltia Isabella, Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus javanicus, Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea, Glossy Ibis Plegadis faclinellus, Latham’s Snipe Gallinago hardwickii, Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus and Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius;
• One woodland associated birds: Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora;
• Eight coastal associated birds: White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus, Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos, Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis, Red Knot Calidris canutus, Pacific Gull Larus pacificus pacificus, Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola, Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva and Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta; and,
• One fish: River Blackfish Gadopsis marmoratus.
River Blackfish has been recorded (most recent in 2010) from a number of locations within the local area (Figure 5a) (VBA 2010), and within the Barwon River during recent targeted aquatic fauna surveys (Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010). River Blackfish are likely to use habitat within the Barwon River for breeding and foraging purposes.
30 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Wetland associated bird species such as Cape Barren Goose, Pied Cormorant, Nankeen Night Heron, Glossy Ibis, Latham's Snipe and Whiskered Tern are likely to forage within artificial waterbodies, creeklines and ephermeral drainage lines which provide a substantial or moderate level of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and moderate to good water quality (Figures 3a-3bb) (Table 3). Spotted Harrier may forage over open areas on rare occasions also.
All other native fauna (primarily grassland dependent birds) are of local significance, as they are not listed as rare or threatened on a national, state and/or regional level. The likely use of the study area by the above listed species is provided in Appendix 3.2.
3.7 Fauna Habitats
The study area supports eight broad habitat types: modified woodland and scattered remnant trees; rivers, creeks and associated riparian areas; swamps and marshes; rocky areas/rock piles; ephemeral drainage lines; planted vegetation/windrows; artificial waterbodies and introduced pasture and crops.
Fauna habitats located within the study area have been assigned a general designation by grouping similar EVCs together. Some habitat types do not relate to any EVC (i.e. introduced pasture and artificial waterbodies) and are based on general habitat characteristics.
Modified woodland and scattered remnant trees (Corresponding EVCs: Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Grassy Woodland)
Overall habitat value - Modified woodland patches are of moderate habitat value for fauna. While the majority of the remnants within the road reserve are structurally deficient, lacking overstorey trees, key mid-storey and understorey components, they are likely to act as ‘stepping stone’ habitats for mobile species (principally birds). Patches of modified woodland are also likely to facilitate fauna movement between habitats throughout the otherwise cleared landscape.
Description – This habitat type was sporadically located in patches primarily along road reserves and within private property and was characterised by an understorey supporting indigenous grasses, shrubs and sedges, with introduced pasture grasses also present. Scattered trees comprised of mature eucalypts (i.e. River Red-gum and Manna Gum), some of which were hollow-bearing, and were typically located within private properties (Figures 3a-3bb).
Terrestrial fauna - Modified woodland and scattered remnant trees provide habitat for a range of native mammals (i.e. possums). Remnant trees containing hollows are also an important habitat feature for many bird species including; cockatoos, parrots, lorikeets and honeyeaters. When in flower, remnant woodland trees provide an important nectar resource for a variety of honeyeaters and lorikeets.
Diurnal raptors (i.e. Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides and Black-shouldered Kite), also use mature trees for perching, roosting and foraging activities.
31 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Understorey cover is also expected to support a multifaceted ground fauna component, such as reptiles (e.g., lizards, snakes), native frogs and mammals.
Rivers, creeks and associated riparian areas (Corresponding EVCs: Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Swamp Scrub)
Overall habitat value - Rivers, creeks and their associated riparian areas are of moderate to high habitat value for native fauna. Birregurra Creek and Barwon River provides important fauna habitat within the local area. Birregurra Creek (Plate 4) is primarily surrounded by agricultural land and the riparian zones along the Barwon River (Plate 5) support varying extents of native vegetation cover.
Description - This habitat type is highly variable in its vegetation composition, cover, and structure. The Barwon River consists of a mixture of both remnant and planted overstorey vegetation with an understorey consisting of tussock forming grasses and sedges, with a mid- storey of Tea-tree and Acacias. The Barwon River is a deep and slow moving river which is likely to provide habitat for a range of fish, birds and mammals; while vegetation along the banks is also likely to support locally common reptile species.
Sections of Birregurra Creek within the study area included a range or semi-aquatic grasses, rushes (namely Common Reed) and aquatic herbs; however, no medium shrubs were present (i.e. Tea-tree, Paperbark or Blackwood). Muddy areas aligning Birregurra Creek are likely to provide important foraging resources for a range of shorebirds during favourable conditions (i.e. after partial inundation).
Terrestrial fauna – Wetland dependent bird species found in these areas included Intermediate Egret, White-necked Heron, Chestnut Teal, Grey Teal, Little Black Cormorant, White-faced Heron, Golden-headed Cisticola, Clamorous Reed Warbler, Little Grassbird and Purple Swamp.
Remnant trees and/or planted trees/windrows also provide additional habitat for diurnal and nocturnal raptors, which use nearby trees for perching, roosting and foraging activities, overlooking creeks, rivers and riparian zones, where there is an abundance of prey animal activity.
Frog activity was also noted in these areas with two common species recorded at the river and creek crossings (Common Froglet Crinia signifera and Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis).
Swamp and marsh (Corresponding EVCs: Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains Sedgy Wetland)
Overall habitat value – Grassy and sedgy wetland areas are of moderate to high habitat value for fauna.
The majority of remnants in the study area are floristically deficient; however they possess key habitat attributes for fauna, represented by birds, mammals, reptiles and frogs.
32 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Description – This habitat type is sporadically located within farmland and is characterised by low-lying areas within paddocks where stormwater run-off is continually collected after rainfall (Plates 6 and 7). These wetlands contain species such as tussock forming grasses, rushes and sedges. These species are often unpalatable to livestock, and provide refuge and foraging habitat for fauna species in an otherwise modified environment. During extended periods of rainfall, these areas become temporarily submerged, and attract waterbirds in large numbers.
Terrestrial fauna – Due to the modified nature of most of these areas and the conditions of this habitat being comparative to ephemeral wetlands, fauna species reliant on wetland areas were routinely observed here. These included White-necked Herron, White-faced Heron, Australian White Ibis, Straw- necked Ibis, Purple Swamphen and Yellow-billed Spoonbill. These areas are also important for snakes, reptiles and avian raptors.
This habitat was also noted to support a high abundance of common frog species. For example, over 100 Common Froglet were heard calling within Lake Ayrey (i.e. a large Plains Sedgy Wetland) adjoining the study area during the assessment (Figure 1).
Ephemeral drainage lines (Corresponding EVCs: Swamp Scrub, Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains Sedgy Wetland)
Overall habitat value – Irrigation channels and ephemeral drainage lines are considered to provide moderate to high habitat values for fauna species, especially birds and frogs.
Description – During the assessment several ephemeral drainage lines (usually coinciding with artificial waterbodies) were noted to intersect the road Princes Highway.
At the time of the assessment, most of these contained some water and several drainage lines were considered moderate of high habitat value and may provide potentially suitable foraging or dispersal habitat for significant fauna species (i.e. Growling Grass Frog) (Plate 8). However, most drainage lines typically lacked an extensive cover of fringing aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and suitable refuge sites such as logs or rocks. The surrounding vegetation typically comprises introduced pasture grass or crops.
Terrestrial fauna – Irrigation channels and ephemeral drainage lines currently provide breeding, foraging and refuge habitat for a suite of native fauna including waterbirds such as Australian Wood Duck and Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa, and depending on surrounding vegetation quality, Common Froglet, Spotted Marsh Frog and other locally abundant frog species. This habitat is also likely to provide habitat for more elusive birds such as crakes, rails and potentially snipe in areas with suitable vegetation cover.
Embedded Rocks / Rock Piles (Corresponding EVC: Plains Grassy Woodland)
Overall habitat value – Embedded rock and/or rock piles are of low to moderate habitat value for native ground dwelling fauna. While the majority of these areas are floristically deficient and lack key native vegetation components, they provide structural habitat for skinks and lizards in particular, and also act as ‘stepping stone’ habitats for more mobile species
33 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac adapted to modified environments, such as snakes and some ground dwelling mammals. Patches of this habitat type are likely to facilitate fauna movement between other similar areas throughout the largely cleared and poor condition surrounding landscape.
Description - This habitat type is characterised by in-ground and surface rocks sometimes located within stock paddocks with pasture grass invasion and trampling by stock. Areas that still support some native grass and herb cover within the rocky areas are likely to have a higher diversity of herpetofauna present (i.e. areas of Plains Grassy Woodland).
Terrestrial fauna – Due to the highly modified nature of most of these areas few native fauna other than ground dwelling skinks, snakes, lizards and mammals are likely to use this habitat. Due to the prevalence of ground dwelling species, raptors were routinely observed frequenting these areas for foraging purposes. Common grassland birds and bird species that are typically associated with modified habitats (i.e., farmland) also utilise these areas frequently for foraging.
Planted vegetation/ Wind Rows (Corresponding EVC: None)
Overall habitat value – Habitat value for planted vegetation ranges from low for juvenile or immature plantings, to moderate for mature plantings.
Description – An assortment of Australian native and introduced trees and shrubs have been planted, principally along the road reserves and within private property throughout the study area (Plate 9). Many of these trees are mature and reach a height of up to 15 m, some support crevices and hollows. The mid-storey is generally absent, with an understorey predominately consisting of introduced pasture grasses and bare ground.
Terrestrial fauna – Many of these trees provide an important foraging resource, primarily for Owls, Magpies, Wattlebirds, Miners and Cuckoos. Additionally, low growing shrubs would be used by smaller passerine species such as wrens, thornbills, and fantails for nesting and foraging purposes.
While the majority of the road reserves contain planted vegetation, this provides dispersal habitat for birds and supports a multifaceted ground fauna component, such as reptiles (i.e. lizards, snakes), native frogs and mammals, particularly in areas where there is adequate vegetation cover.
Artificial waterbodies (farm dams) (Corresponding EVC: None)
Overall habitat value – Artificial waterbodies are considered to be of low to high habitat value for fauna.
Description – Sixty nine artificial waterbodies exist within the study area and each of these vary in the level of quality (Plates 1, 2 and 3) (Figures 3a-3bb). They currently support a ranging level of emergent macrophytes and aquatic vegetation, with few refuge sites such as logs or rocks overall. The surrounding vegetation typically comprises introduced pasture grass or crops.
34 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Terrestrial fauna – Waterbirds such as Australian Wood Duck, Chestnut Teal, Grey Teal, Yellow-billed Spoonbill, White-faced Heron and Pacific Black Duck were recorded in this habitat during the assessment. Waterbodies supporting protective cover within, and around their margins may offer protection for more secretive birds such as Golden-headed Cisticola, Clamorous Reed Warbler and Little Grassbird.
Common frog species such as Common Froglet and Spotted Marsh Frog are expected to use this habitat, while Growling Grass Frog may also use habitat considered to be moderate or high quality throughout the study area for breeding or foraging purposes.
Introduced pasture and crops (Corresponding EVC: None)
Overall habitat value – This habitat is considered to be of low habitat value for fauna. Ungrazed pasture grasses, which in some places grow up to one metre in height, provide refuge for ground dwelling reptiles, birds and mammals.
Description – This habitat occurs throughout much of the study area where native vegetation has been removed (Plate 10). It comprises almost exclusively perennial pasture grass and grain crops.
Terrestrial fauna – Few native species are known to use this habitat, these include birds adapted to modified habitats such as European Skylark, Australian Magpie, Little Raven, Willie Wagtail and Galah. Although introduced grasses and crops do not provide optimal habitat for fauna, they do provide dispersal opportunities (cover) for reptiles, frogs and other species into more optimal habitats throughout the local area.
3.8 Ecological Significance
In summary, based on the available information and the results of the site assessment, the vegetation remnants within the study area are considered of high local conservation significance due to the presence of:
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland listed as Endangered in the VVP bioregion;
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion;
• Potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog in Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies/drainage lines;
• Potential suitable habitat within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch;
• Suitable habitat for several state listed bird species in wetland areas and artificial waterbodies (farm dams); and,
35 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• One state listed fauna species (Intermediate Egret).
The significance assessment criteria of flora and fauna species and vegetation communities are presented in Appendix 1.
36 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
4 IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
4.1 Legislative and Policy Implications
This section identifies biodiversity policy and legislation relevant to the proposed development, principally:
• Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (Commonwealth);
• Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) (Victoria);
• Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Victoria);
• Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 (Victoria);
• Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (CALP Act) (Victoria);
• Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy 1997;
• Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan; and,
• Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework – A Framework for Action (Net Gain policy).
4.1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
The EPBC Act establishes a Commonwealth process for assessment of proposed actions that are likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES), or on Commonwealth land. An action (i.e. project, development, undertaking, activity, or series of activities), unless otherwise exempt, requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if they are considered likely to have an impact on any matters of NES. A referral under the EPBC Act is required if a proposed action is likely to have a ‘significant impact’ on any of the following matters of NES:
• World Heritage properties • National heritage places • Ramsar wetlands of international significance • Threatened species and ecological communities • Migratory and marine species • Commonwealth marine area • Nuclear actions (including uranium mining) • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
37 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Matters of NES
Ramsar wetlands of international significance
One wetland of international significance occurrs within in the vicinity of the study area (Western District Lakes – Lake Murdeduke), approximately 7km from the study area, and one wetland of international significance occurs within the catchment, downstream from the study area (Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine) (SEWPaC 2011).
Listed flora and fauna species, and ecological communities
An action requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if it will, or if it is likely to, have a significant impact on an endangered or critically endangered species, or on an ‘important population’ or critical habitat of a listed vulnerable species.
Flora – No flora species listed under the EPBC Act were recorded within the study area during the field assessment. Four nationally listed flora species have previously been recorded within the local area (within 10 kilometres of the study area) (VBA 2010; Figure 3) (Appendix 2.2). An additional seven species, not previously documented within the local area, also have habitat as potentially occurring within the vicinity of the study area (SEWPaC 2011). No EPBC Act listed flora species are considered likely to occur within the study area, due to the modified condition of habitat.
Fauna – No EPBC Act-listed fauna species were recorded during the field assessment. Twenty four nationally listed fauna species have previously been recorded within the local area (within 10 km of the study area) (VBA 2010); or habitat for these species is predicted to occur within the study area (SEWPaC 2011).
Potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog was identified within Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies/drainage lines. Potential suitable habitat occurs within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch.
Ecological Communities – No nationally listed ecological communities were recorded within the study area.
Listed migratory and marine species
Seventy migratory and marine species have been recorded from the local area (VBA 2010). Grassy and sedgy wetland areas may provide potentially suitable foraging habitat value for a number of migratory and marine species, especially given that many existing comparable habitats have either been destroyed or degraded through ongoing agricultural practices; however, the study area is unlikely to support an ecologically significant population of any migratory and/or marine species.
38 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Commonwealth marine area, marine parks and nuclear actions
The study area is not within a marine area, nor is the proposed works related to nuclear actions.
Implications for the proposed construction
No EPBC Act listed flora species are considered likely to occur within the study area, due to the modified condition of habitat.
The study area contains potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog, and it is recommended that targeted surveys are undertaken for this species during the survey period (October-November) within suitable habitat to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of this species within the study area.
Potential suitable habitat occurs within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch. While these species were not detected during previous targeted aquatic fauna surveys, appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented to ensure that no direct impacts to potential habitat occurs as a result of the proposed road development.
The requirement for an EPBC Act referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister should be determined pending the outcome of targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys within suitable habitat.
4.1.2 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988
The primary legislation for the protection of flora and fauna in Victoria is the FFG Act. The broad objectives of the FFG Act are to: 1) ensure native flora and fauna survive, flourish and maintain in situ evolutionary potential; 2) manage threatening processes; 3) encourage the conserving of flora and fauna through cooperative community endeavours; and 4) establish a regulatory structure for the conservation of flora and fauna in Victoria.
The FFG Act contains protection procedures such as the listing of threatened species and/or communities of flora and fauna, and the preparation of action statements to protect the long- term viability of these values.
Flora – No flora species listed as threatened under the FFG Act were recorded within the study area. Twenty five species listed as threatened under the FFG Act have been recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area (FIS 2009; Appendix 2.2). An additional seven flora species are listed as potentially occurring, or their habitat as potentially occurring within the local area (Appendix 2.2). No FFG Act listed flora species are considered likely to occur within the study area, due to the modified condition of habitat.
Vegetation Communities – No FFG Act listed vegetation communities were recorded in the study area.
39 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Fauna – One FFG listed threatened significant species (Intermediate Egret) was observed within the Barwon River during the assessment. An additional 44 fauna species listed as threatened under the FFG Act have previously been recorded from the local area (i.e. within a 10 kilometre of the study area).
The study area contains potential suitable habitat (artificial waterbodies, creeks and ephemeral wetlands and drainage lines) for FFG Act listed bird species including; Freckled Duck, Eastern Great Egret, Blue-billed Duck, White-bellied Sea-Eagle, Grey Goshawk, Brolga, Lewin's Rail and Baillon's Crake. Suitable habitat is also present for Growling Grass Frog, Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch.
Threatening processes – Threatening process listed under Schedule 3 of the FFG Act that requires consideration include:
• The invasion of native vegetation by environmental weeds;
• Invasion of native vegetation by Blackberry;
• Alteration to the flow regimes of rivers and streams;
• Degradation of riparian vegetation along Victorian rivers and streams;
• Increase in sediment input into Victorian rivers and streams due to human activities; and,
• Loss of hollow-bearing trees from Victorian native forests.
Implications for the proposed construction
No FFG Act listed threatened flora species are considered likely to occur within the study area, due to the modified condition of habitat.
An FFG Act permit is required for the removal of protected species located on public land (i.e. within road reserves), including any of the Asteraceae (Daisies), all orchids, ferns and Acacia species (excluding Acacia dealbata, Acacia decurrens, Acacia implexa, Acacia melanoxylon and Acacia paradoxa). An FFG Act permit is generally not required for removal of protected flora species on private land.
One protected flora species (Milky Beauty-head Calocephalus lacteus) was recorded within the study area. This species was found scattered throughout the entire study area in clumps and as single individuals. VicRoads are required to apply for an FFG Act Permit to ‘take’ protected flora species in areas of public land (i.e. within road reserves).
4.1.3 Planning and Environment Act 1987
All planning schemes contain native vegetation provisions at Clause 52.17. A planning permit is required under the Planning and Environment Act 1987 to remove, destroy or lop native vegetation on a site of more than 0.4 hectares, unless:
40 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• The application is exempt under the schedule to Clause 52.17 • A Native Vegetation Precinct Plan (NVPP) applies. Planning schemes may contain other provisions in relation to the removal of native vegetation. Recent changes to the planning provisions (DSE 2007) have altered the criteria for when DSE is the mandatory referral authority. A permit must be referred to DSE if there is one or more of the following: Scattered Trees (may include trees from patches of vegetation) • Greater than 15 trees with a diameter less than 40 centimetres at 1.3 metres above ground. • Greater than 5 trees with a diameter more than 40 centimetres at 1.3 metres above ground. Areas of vegetation (may include trees) • Greater than 0.5 hectares of vegetation in an EVC with Bioregional Conservation Status of Endangered, Vulnerable or Rare. • Greater than 1 hectare of vegetation in an EVC with Bioregional Conservation Status of Depleted or Least Concern. Other circumstances • On Crown land managed by the responsible authority. • Where a property vegetation plan applies to the site.
Public Roads Exemption
Under the VicRoads Native Vegetation Guidelines (VicRoads 2009), exemptions may apply for the removal of native vegetation for works associated with maintenance activities; minor improvement works; and road safety treatments. However, the Princes Highway Duplication project does not fall within these categories; therefore, the Public Roads exemption is unlikely to apply.
Implications for the proposed construction
A Planning Permit is required from the Colac Otway Shire and the Surf Coast Shire to remove or disturb any native vegetation within the study area under Clause 52.17. In this instance, DSE would be the mandatory referral authority for removal of vegetation within the road reserve.
4.1.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002
Wildlife Act 1975
The Wildlife Act 1975 is the primary legislation in Victoria providing for protection and management of wildlife. The Act requires people engaged in wildlife research (e.g. fauna
41 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac surveys, salvage and translocation activities) to obtain a permit under the Act to ensure that these activities are undertaken in a manner consistent with the appropriate controls.
The Wildlife Act 1975 has the following objectives:
• To establish procedures for the promotion of protection and conservation of wildlife, the prevention of species extinctions, and the sustainable use and access to wildlife; and, • To prohibit and regulate the conduct of those involved in wildlife related activities.
Wildlife Regulations 2002
The objectives of the Wildlife Regulations are:
• To make further provision in relation to the licensing system established by section 22 of the Wildlife Act 1975;
• To prescribe fees, offences, royalties and various other matters for the purposes of the Wildlife Act 1975; and, • To provide for exemptions from certain provisions of the Wildlife Act 1975.
Authorisation for habitat removal may be obtained under the Wildlife Act 1975; through a licence granted under the Forests Act 1958, or under any other Act such as the Planning and Environment Act 1987.
Implications for the proposed construction
While a permit will be required for removal of habitat vegetation within the study area, this could be in the form of a Planning Permit to remove native vegetation under the Planning and Environment Act 1987.
Consequently, a separate permit to remove fauna for this project under either the Wildlife Act 1975 or the Wildlife Regulations 2002 is unlikely to be required if a permit under the Planning and Environment Act is obtained.
4.1.5 Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994
The Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (CaLP Act) contains provisions relating to catchment planning, land management, noxious weeds and pest animals. The CaLP Act also provides a legislative framework for the management of private and public land and sets out the responsibilities of land managers, stating that they must take all reasonable steps to:
• Avoid causing or contributing to land degradation which causes or may cause damage to land of another land owner;
• Protect water resources;
42 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• Conserve soil;
• Eradicate regionally prohibited weeds;
• Prevent the growth and spread of regionally controlled weeds; and
• Prevent the spread of, and as far as possible eradicate, established pest animals
Essentially the CaLP Act establishes a framework for the integrated management and protection of catchments, and provides a framework for the integrated and coordinated management, which aims to ensure that the quality of the State’s land and water resources and their associated plant and animal life are maintained and enhanced.
Implications for the proposed construction
A number of weeds listed as noxious under the CaLP Act were recorded during the assessment (Appendix 2.1). Individual landowners are responsible for the control of any infestation of noxious weeds. To meet CaLP Act requirements listed noxious weeds should be appropriately controlled throughout the study area to minimise their spread and overall impact on ecological values.
4.1.6 Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy
The Victorian Government endorses this strategy titled ‘Victoria’s Biodiversity – Directions in Management (NRE 1997) and represents a benchmark for biodiversity conservation and management throughout the state.
The Biodiversity Strategy encourages Victorians to better understand and appreciate flora and fauna and ecosystems throughout the state, and to take an active part in conservation and management to ensure biodiversity is managed in an ecologically sound and sustainable manner.
4.1.7 Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan
The Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan (CCMA 2005) is a guide for local government in assessing planning applications for vegetation removal and determining permit conditions (Net Gain requirements) to ensure that ecological values across the region are not compromised.
The Plan provides information on biodiversity values across the Region and gives guidance to local municipalities on how clearing applications should be assessed. The document also outlines actions to ensure there is more strategic and coordinated approach to address ongoing degradation in quantity and quality of native vegetation throughout south western Victoria.
Implications for the proposed construction
Any development within the study area should consider the biodiversity objectives of the Corangamite Native Vegetation Plan (CCMA 2005).
43 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
4.1.8 The Native Vegetation Framework
Since 1989, most proposals to clear native vegetation have required a planning permit from the local Council (Responsible Authority), under the native vegetation provisions of Clause 52.17 of the Victoria Planning Provisions (“VPPs”).
In 2002, the Victorian Government released Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action (NRE 2002) (‘the Framework’), which establishes a ‘strategic direction for the protection, enhancement and revegetation of native vegetation across the State’.
The State Planning Policy Framework and in the decision guidelines at Clause 52.17 (Native Vegetation) of Particular Provisions, under Clause 12.01 requires Planning and Responsible Authorities to have regard for the Framework.
Implications for the proposed construction
A Net Gain analysis has been undertaken; details are included in Section 5 of this report.
44 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
5 NET GAIN ANALYSIS
A Net Gain assessment has been prepared for the study area, and includes the results of the habitat hectare assessment and Net Gain implications. A fundamental premise of Net Gain is to achieve an ‘outcome for native vegetation and habitat where overall gains are greater than losses and individual losses are avoided where possible’ (NRE 2002). Therefore, in line with the three-step approach as defined within the Framework, the principles of avoid and minimise are essential to initially assess any proposed removal of remnant vegetation. Any proposed removal of remnant native vegetation within the study area should be seen in the context of the on-going vegetation loss in the area.
5.1 Habitat Hectare Assessment
The study area contains 8.83 hectares of remnant vegetation, comprising 0.66 ha of Grassy Woodland, 5.7 ha of Plains Grassy Woodland, 0.16 ha of Floodplain Riparian Woodland, 1.55 ha of Plains Grassy Wetland, 0.27 ha of Plains Sedgy Wetland and 0.48 ha of Swamp Scrub (Figures 3a to 3bb).
Two different quality zones of Grassy Woodland, three different quality zones of Plains Grassy Woodland and one quality zone of Floodplain Riparian Woodland, Swamp Scrub, Plains Sedgy Wetland and Plains Grassy Woodland were identified within the study area. Each of these quality zones meets the benchmark for their respective EVC (DSE 2011), however, the quality zones for Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Woodland generally differ in regards to understorey condition, species composition and cover.
The presence of scattered indigenous trees has been attributed to the Grassy Woodland and Floodplain Riparian Woodland EVC’s. The habitat hectare assessment results are presented in Table 4.
45 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Table 4. Habitat scores for vegetation quality zones recorded within the study area
Habitat Zone. FRW1 SS1 PGWe1 PSWe1 PGW1 PGW2 PGW3 GW1 GW2 Bioregion VVP OP OP VVP VVP VVP VVP OP OP EVC Name FRW SS PGWe PSWe PGW PGW PGW GW GW EVC Number 56 53 125 647 55_63 55_63 55_63 175 175 Max Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Large Old Trees 10 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 Canopy Cover 5 5 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 Under storey 25 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Lack of Weeds 15 6 9 6 6 2 2 6 4 2 Recruitment 10 3 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0
Site Condition Site Condition Organic Matter5 3 3254 5554 Logs 5 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 Multiplier 1 1.15 1.36 1.36 1 1 1 1 1 Treeless EVC Multiplier Subtotal 22 19.55 17.68 21.76 11 17 14 21 11 Landscape value 10 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 Habitat points out of 100 100 24 23.55 21.68 23.76 13 19 16 25 15 Habitat Score (habitat points/100) 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.13 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.25 Total Area of Habitat Zone within the Study Area (ha) 0.16 0.48 1.55 0.27 3.10 0.12 2.48 0.12 0.54 Total habitat hectares within the Study Area 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.06 0.4 0.02 0.4 0.02 0.14 Area (ha) proposed to be removed 0.16 0.48 1.55 0.27 3.10 0.12 2.48 0.12 0.54 Habitat hectares to be removed 0.04 0.12 0.34 0.06 0.4 0.02 0.4 0.02 0.14 EVC Conservation Status En Vu En En En En En En En Conservation status x Habitat Score High Medium High High High High High High High Threatened Species N/A High High High N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other Site Attributes N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Significance
Conservation Conservation Overall (highest rating) High High High High High High High High High No. of Large Old Trees within the Study Area 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Notes: FRW = Floodplain Riparian Woodland; SS = Swamp Scrub; PGWe = Plains Grassy Wetland; PSWe = Plains Sedgy Wetland; PGW = Plains Grassy Woodland; GW = Grassy Woodland; OP = Otway Plain; VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain; En = Endangered; Vu = Vulnerable; NA= Not Applicable.
46 46 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
5.2 Tree Assessment
5.2.1 Trees in habitat zones
No Large Old Trees were present in habitat zones within the study area (Table 4).
5.2.2 Scattered tree assessment
Twenty one scattered indigenous trees were recorded within the study area (Figure 3a-3bb). Scattered indigenous trees were classified as Very Large Old Trees (VLOTs), Large Old Trees (LOTs), Medium Old Trees (MOTs) and Small Trees (STs) according to the Grassy Woodland and Floodplain Riparian Woodland Benchmarks (DSE 2011). A summary of scattered indigenous trees within the study area is outlined in Table 5.
Table 5. Scattered trees present within the study area
Bioregion Conservation Significance Tree size Total Number of Trees VVP VLOT 1 High LOT 0 MOT 0
Low ST 0
Otway Plain VLOT 2 High LOT 9 MOT 4
Low ST 5
TOTAL 21
Notes: VLOT = Very Large Old Tree, LOT = Large Old Tree, MOT = Medium Old Tree, ST = Small Tree
5.3 Summary of Habitat Hectare and Tree Assessment The study area consists of a total of 1.54 habitat hectares within remnant patches. This comprises 0.92 habitat hectares of native vegetation in the VVP bioregion, including: • 0.04 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland;
• 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and,
• 0.82 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland.
• One scattered tree (1 VLOT).
The study area comprises a total of 0.62 habitat hectares of native vegetation in the Otway Plain bioregion, including: • 0.12 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub;
47 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• 0.34 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland;
• 0.16 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland; and,
• Twenty scattered indigenous trees comprising 2 VLOT, 9 LOTs, 4 MOTS and 5 STs.
5.4 Modified Treeless Vegetation The study area contains approximately 2 hectares of indigenous vegetation cover comprising greater than 25% cover but with species that were unlikely to have originally dominated the site or have recolonised an area which has previously been disturbed (e.g. regenerating Acacias). These areas do not support habitat for rare or threatened flora or fauna species. It is recommended that DSE considers these areas as Modified Treeless Vegetation, and that no habitat hectare assessment or Net Gain offset is required.
5.5 Minor Treeless Vegetation Areas of scattered indigenous grasses cover comprising less than 25% cover were treated as Minor Treeless Vegetation (DSE 2010) (Figure 3). Approximately 1 hectare of Minor Treeless Vegetation was recorded within the study area (Figures 3a to 3bb). A formal Net Gain assessment and calculation of vegetation offsets were not required for these areas.
5.6 Potential Habitat Hectare and Tree Losses The potential losses for removal of all remnant vegetation within the study area is summarised in Table 6.
Table 6. Summary of habitat hectare and Large Old Tree losses within the study area
Total Habitat Conservation Total Area Hectares Large Old Bioregion Target EVC signif. (ha) (Hha) Trees VVP FRW High 0.16 0.04 0 OP SS High 0.48 0.12 0 OP PGWe High 1.55 0.34 0 VVP PSWe High 0.27 0.06 0 VVP PGW High 5.70 0.82 0 OP GW High 0.66 0.16 0 Total 8.83 1.54 0
Notes: FRW = Floodplain Riparian Woodland, SS = Swamp Scrub, PGWe = Plains Grassy Wetland, PSWe = Plains Sedgy Wetland, PGW = Plains Grassy Woodland, GW = Grassy Woodland, OP = Otway Plain, VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain.
5.7 Assessment of Best or Remaining 50%
Several rare and threatened flora and fauna species have previously been recorded within the vicinity of the study area, and remnant patches within the study area contain suitable habitat
48 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac for several species. The habitat assessment was undertaken in accordance with the steps outlined in GARPPA (DSE 2007a), and is summarised below in Table 7.
Table 7. Habitat Assessment for threatened species
Step Description Outcome A Is the species, or has the species been recorded as resident on Yes – go to B site> OR if the species is not ‘resident’ has it been recorded No – go to D regularly (e.g. annually) on‐site? B Is it possible to discriminate between the importance of Yes – go to C different populations of the species? For example, can No – go to E numbers be reasonably estimated and is there available knowledge on what are typical population sizes? C Does the site contain a population that is above average size Yes – Best 50% of habitat or importance for the bioregion? No – remaining 50% of habitat D Does the habitat on site clearly meet one or more of the Yes to both – go to F habitat requirements of the species? Is it reasonable to expect No to either – no further consideration that the species is present or would make significant use of required for that species the site in the medium term (i.e. within the next 10 years)? E Has some form of habitat modelling been undertaken for the Yes – use this information to species in the bioregion? determine Best 50% of habitat or Remaining 50% of habitat No – go to F F Does the site represent above‐average condition and Yes – best 50% of habitat landscape context for the relevant EVC or habitat type in the No – Remaining 50% of habitat bioregion? 5.7.1 Habitat assessment for threatened flora and fauna species
No threatened flora species are considered likely to occur within the study area due to the due to the modified condition of habitat. Therefore, following steps A and D in Table 3 (DSE 2007a), remnant vegetation within the study area is not considered to be the ‘Best 50%’ or ‘Remaining 50%’ habitat for any threatened flora species within the VVP or Otway Plain bioregions.
The habitat assessment for threatened fauna species is summarised in Table 8.
Table 8. Habitat assessment for threatened fauna species
Determination of Conservation Habitat Conservation Species Steps (1) Best 50% / Notes status Zone significance (3) Remaining 50% (2) These areas provide SS1; A – no, D Growling potential habitat Endangered PGWe1; – yes, F – Remaining 50% High Grass Frog (moderate PSWe1 no likelihood) (1) From Table 2 in the Guide for Assessment of Referred Planning Permit Applications (DSE 2007a) specify steps taken in habitat assessment to determine best 50% or remaining 50% of habitat. (2) Specify 'best' or 'remaining'. (3) Conservation significance of the habitat zone based on consideration of threatened species.
49 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
5.7.2 Summary of threatened species assessment
Swamp Scrub, Plains Grassy Wetland and Plains Sedgy Wetland vegetation is considered to provide ‘Remaining 50%’ habitat for Growling Grass Frog within the Otway Plain bioregion. As a result, Swamp Scrub has been elevated from Medium to High conservation significance.
5.8 Net Gain Implications
Net Gain is an overall outcome where native vegetation and habitat gains are greater than vegetation and habitat losses. The Framework has defined a three-step approach for applying Net Gain to protection and clearance decisions. Emphasis is placed on the first two steps, and only after these two steps have been taken should offsets (actions undertaken to achieve commensurate gains) be considered (NRE 2002).
The three-step approach is:
1. To avoid adverse impacts, particularly through vegetation clearance. 2. If impacts cannot be avoided, to minimise impacts through appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input to project design or management. 3. Identify appropriate offset options. 5.8.1 Avoidance (Step one)
The Framework requires avoidance as the first step in considering the impacts on native vegetation. Therefore, any proposed development within the study area needs to demonstrate how native vegetation avoidance has been achieved in the design process. Avoidance may generally be interpreted as avoiding adverse impacts on trees or habitat patches, particularly through vegetation clearance, with the vegetation being retained post construction (NRE 2002).
No detailed construction plans for the duplication project were available at the time of the assessment. The potential losses and associated gain targets are based on the potential removal of all remnant vegetation within the study area. It is recommended that VicRoads investigates potential alignment options to avoid the extent and impact of clearing through the design planning and process, which may reduce the extent of remnant vegetation to be removed.
Several scattered indigenous trees are present within the study area. Trees can only be considered retained if they are fenced off to at least the drip line, and do not become a public risk (i.e. under the tree it is landscaped to prevent human access). DSE (2007a) defines protection of a tree as ‘an area with twice the canopy diameter fenced and protected from adverse impacts: grazing, burning and soil disturbance not permitted, fallen timber retained, weeds controlled and intervention/management if necessary to ensure adequate natural regeneration or planting can occur’.
50 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
5.8.2 Minimisation (Step two)
Minimisation may generally be interpreted as minimising impacts on scattered trees or habitat patches through appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input to project design or management (NRE 2002). If the modification of development plans does not enable the proponent to avoid all adverse impacts to native vegetation, there are several activities that can assist to minimise impacts on native vegetation on site and in adjoining areas, thus satisfying the first two stages of avoid and minimise under the Framework (NRE 2002).
To minimise the loss of vegetation within the study area the following should be considered:
• Appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input into project design and management.
• Temporary fencing should be installed around retained areas of remnant vegetation to minimise disturbance (i.e. designated ‘no-go’ areas) prior to construction.
• Tree Retention Zones (TRZs) should be implemented to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during construction activities (DSE 2010), and at a minimum standard of a TRZ should include:
o A TRZ of trees should be no less than 2 metres or greater than 15 metres;
o Construction, construction related activities and encroachment (i.e. earthworks such as trenching that disturb the root zone) should be excluded from the TRZ;
o Where encroachment exceeds 10% of the total area of the TRZ, the tree should be considered as lost and offset accordingly;
o Subject to qualified arborist confirming that it is appropriate for the specific works, directional drilling may be used for works within the TRZ without being considered encroachment. The directional bore should be at least 600 mm deep. An arborist should also confirm that the radius of the bore will not significantly damage the tree causing it to be lost in the future.
Where the minimum standard for a TRZ has not been met an offset may be required (DSE 2010).
5.8.3 Offset Calculations (Step 3)
Once steps 1 and 2 have been considered, then offsets or Net Gain targets can be calculated for any permitted vegetation clearance. The Framework (NRE 2002) sets out responses, including like for like criteria and Net Gain ratios, to proposals to clear and offset native vegetation, based on the conservation significance of the vegetation, (NRE 2002). The Net Gain ratios from this table have been utilised to calculate the required offsets or Net Gain targets.
51 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
To meet the objectives of the Net Gain policy, offset criteria must be met, and at least:
• 2 times the habitat hectare loss for Very High conservation significance;
• 1.5 times the habitat hectare loss for High conservation significance sites; and,
• 1 times the habitat hectare loss for Medium and Low conservation significance sites.
The losses of quality and extent of native vegetation within the study area has been summarised above. Net Gain targets based on these losses are summarised in Table 9.
Table 9. Net Gain habitat hectare targets for vegetation proposed for removal
Habitat Hectares Target Total Net Gain Conservation Losses Net Gain Target Bioregion Target EVC significance (HabHa) Multiplier* (HabHa) VVP FRW High 0.04 1.5 0.06 OP SS High 0.12 1.5 0.18 OP PGWe High 0.34 1.5 0.51 VVP PSWe High 0.06 1.5 0.09 VVP PGW High 0.82 1.5 1.23 OP GW High 0.16 1.5 0.24 Total 1.54 TOTAL 2.31
Notes: : *These multipliers relate to Table 6 of the Framework (NRE 2002) and CCMA (2005); FRW = Floodplain Riparian Woodland; SS = Swamp Scrub; PGWe = Plains Grassy Wetland; PSWe = Plains Sedgy Wetland; PGW = Plains Grassy Woodland; GW = Grassy Woodland; OP = Otway Plain; VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain.
5.8.4 Scattered Tree Offsets
The offset requirements for the loss of scattered trees within the study area are outlined below in Tables 10 and 11. Net Gain targets for scattered tree losses are based on the Framework (NRE 2002) and the CCMA Native Vegetation Plan (CCMA 2005).
52 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Table 10. Net Gain targets for scattered trees proposed for removal (protect and recruit)
No. trees Protect Recruit Conservation Bioregion Size to be Offset Offset significance Multiplier Multiplier removed total total High VLOT 1 X 4 4 X 20 20 High LOT 0 X 2 0 X 10 0 VVP High MOT 0 X 1 0 X 5 0 Low ST# 0 X 1 0 X 18 0 Total 4 20 High VLOT 2 X 4 8 X 20 40 High LOT 9 X 2 18 X 10 90 Otway High MOT 4 X 1 4 X 5 20 Plain Low ST# 5 NA NA X 18 90 Total 30 240
Notes: *These multipliers relate to Table 6 of the Framework (NRE 2002) and CCMA (2005); # Small trees DBH of 24- 40cm; VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain, VLOT = Very Large Old Tree; LOT = Large Old Tree; MOT = Medium Old Tree; ST = Small Tree.
Table 11. Net Gain targets for scattered trees proposed for removal (recruit only)
No. proposed to be Offset requirement Total plants required for Bioregion Size class removed per tree offset VLOT 1 x200 200 LOT 0 x100 0 MOT 0 x50 0 ST# 0 x18 0 VVP Total 200 VLOT 2 x200 400 LOT 9 x100 900 MOT 4 x50 200 ST# 5 x18 90 Otway Plain Total 1590
Notes: *These multipliers relate to Table 6 of the Framework (NRE 2002) and CCMA (2005), # Small trees DBH of 24- 40cm. VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain; VLOT = Very Large Old Tree; LOT = Large Old Tree; MOT = Medium Old Tree; ST = Small Tree.
5.8.5 Overall Summary of Habitat Hectare Targets
The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the VVP bioregion includes: • 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland;
53 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• 0.09 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and, • 1.23 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland. To offset for the loss of 1 scattered trees using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 4 VLOTs and recruit 20 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 200 new trees that would need to be recruited. The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the Otway Plain bioregion includes: • 0.18 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub; • 0.51 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland; and, • 0.24 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland. To offset for the loss of 20 scattered trees using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 8 VLOTs, 18 LOTs and 4 MOT and recruit 240 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 1590 new trees that would need to be recruited.
5.9 Potential Options to Achieve Net Gain
In determining the appropriate offset responses for permitted vegetation clearance, the Framework sets out several ‘like for like’ criteria in Table 6, Appendix 4, which must generally be considered for any offset site (NRE 2002).
In order to locate an offset site for vegetation of very high conservation significance, there is a requirement that the offset be:
• The same vegetation/habitat type; • Similar or more effective ecological function AND land protection function as impacted by the loss; and, • The existing vegetation proposed as an offset must be at least 90% of the quality of the area being lost. In order to locate an offset site for vegetation of high conservation significance, there is a requirement that the offset be:
• The same vegetation/habitat type OR a Very High significance vegetation/habitat in the same bioregion; • Similar or more effective ecological function OR land protection function as impacted by the loss. • At least 75% of the quality of the vegetation being lost. In order to locate an offset site for vegetation of medium and low conservation significance, there is a requirement that the offset be:
54 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
• Any EVC in the Bioregion OR a Very High or High significance vegetation/habitat in an adjacent bioregion; • Similar or more effective land protection function as impacted by the loss. • At least 50% of the quality of the vegetation being lost. Given that the study area spans two different bioregions and includes several EVC’s with varying conservation significance, considerable care should be taken to ensure that all losses are offset and that all offsets satisfy the like-for-like criteria described above.
At this stage the investigation of offset sites has not been undertaken. For any offset measures (for habitat hectares) an audit process and management plan are required in order to ensure that the Net Gain outcomes are achieved, and that the gains are on-going and of a secure nature (e.g. Section 173 and 69 agreements or vegetation covenants etc. negotiated between the proponent and relevant parties). In accordance with the current DOT/DSE MOU for Native Vegetation Offsets, all offsets must be sourced and secured within 12 months of vegetation removal. VicRoads will source offsets in accordance with the Native Vegetation Management Framework and secure these through either a Section 173 agreement under the Planning & Environment Act 1987, a Section 69 agreement under the Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, or a Trust for Nature covenant.
55 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Any loss of ecological values should be viewed in the overall context of on-going loss, fragmentation, and deterioration in the quality of remnant vegetation throughout the greater VVP and Otway Plain bioregions. The proposed road duplication is likely to have a localised impact on indigenous flora and fauna species habitats, within an otherwise modified landscape. No national or state significant flora and fauna species are likely to be directly affected as a result of any construction activities within the study area.
Measures to mitigate/ameliorate potential impacts on the ecological values in the study area include:
• Any future development should address the first two principles of three-step approach of the Framework to ‘avoid’ and ‘minimise’ impacts to remnant native vegetation, which reduces the requirement for vegetation removal, and can reduce the Net Gain targets;
• A Construction Environment Management Plan should be developed prior to any works commencing on the project. This plan should include:
o A Weed Management Plan to control listed noxious and environmental weeds during each construction phase;
o Best practice sedimentation and pollution control measures to the satisfaction of Environmental Protection Authority to minimise disturbance to rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, drainage lines and areas of significant fauna habitat(s) along the proposed alignment (i.e. Barwon River);
o Where construction is identified adjacent to areas of ecological value, these sites should be fenced and identified as ‘no go’ areas to avoid disturbance during the construction phase of the project; and,
o Where possible, construction stockpiles, machinery, roads, and other infrastructure should be placed away from areas supporting native vegetation, large old trees and/or wetlands.
• If deemed necessary, a Fauna Salvage and Translocation Plan should be developed prior to commencement of works. Persons undertaking any inspection, removal or relocation of fauna species located in vegetation to be impacted upon as part of the project must be authorised and hold a current permit under the Wildlife Act 1975; and, • Where revegetation works may be required, use indigenous plants associated with the relevant EVC as part of any landscaping works to increased habitat for native fauna.
56 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
7 CONCLUSION
Ecological Significance
In summary, based on the available information and the results of the site assessment, the vegetation remnants within the study area are considered of high local conservation significance due to the presence of:
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland listed as Endangered in the VVP bioregion;
• Areas of Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion;
• Potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog in Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies/drainage lines;
• Potential suitable habitat within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch;
• Suitable habitat for several state listed bird species in wetland areas and artificial waterbodies (farm dams); and,
• One state listed fauna species (Intermediate Egret).
Significant Species and Communities
Two hundred and two flora species (89 indigenous and 113 exotic) were recorded in the study area during the field assessment. No national or state listed significant flora species were recorded within the study area.
Plains Grassy Woodland, Floodplain Riparian Woodland and Plains Sedgy Wetland are listed as Endangered in the VVP bioregion. Plains Grassy Woodland and Plains Grassy Wetland are listed as Endangered and Swamp Scrub is listed as Vulnerable in the Otway Plain bioregion.
Fauna
Seventy fauna species were recorded during the field survey, comprising 60 birds (52 native and eight introduced), six mammals (two native and four introduced), two native frog species and two native reptile species. No nationally significant fauna species were recorded within the study area. Potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog was identified within Birregurra Creek and several artificial waterbodies/drainage lines within the study area. Potential suitable habitat also occurs within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch. One state significant bird (Intermediate Egret) was observed within the Barwon River during the assessment.
57 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
The study area supports eight broad habitat types: modified woodland and scattered remnant trees; rivers, creeks and associated riparian areas; swamps and marshes; rocky areas/rock piles; ephemeral drainage lines; planted vegetation/windrows; artificial waterbodies and introduced pasture and crops.
Fifteen artificial waterbodies (farm dams) (out of 69 within the study area), as well as Barwon River, Birregurra Creek, Lake Ayrey and moderate to high quality wetland areas provide suitable habitat for several significant fauna species (i.e. Growling Grass Frog and several state listed bird species).
Net Gain Assessment
In summary, the study area consists of 1.54 habitat hectares within remnant patches and 20 scattered indigenous trees, comprising:
Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion
• 0.04 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland;
• 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and,
• 0.82 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland.
• One scattered tree (1 VLOT).
Otway Plain bioregion: • 0.12 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub;
• 0.34 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland; and,
• 0.16 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland.
• Twenty scattered indigenous trees comprising 2 VLOT, 9 LOTs, 4 MOTS and 5 STs.
Vegetation Losses
No detailed construction plans were available at the time of the assessment. Therefore, the losses and associated Net Gain targets are based on the potential removal of all remnant vegetation from within the study area.
Avoidance and Minimisation
The potential losses and associated gain targets are based on the potential removal of all remnant vegetation within the study area. It is recommended that VicRoads investigates potential alignment options to avoid the extent and impact of clearing through the design planning and process, which may reduce the extent of remnant vegetation to be removed.
58 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Trees can only be considered retained if they are fenced off to at least the drip line, and do not become a public risk (i.e. under the tree it is landscaped to prevent human access).
To minimise the loss of vegetation within the study area the following should be considered:
• Appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input into project design and management.
• Temporary fencing should be installed around remnant vegetation to minimise disturbance (i.e. designated ‘no-go’ areas) prior to construction.
• Tree Retention Zones should be implemented to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during construction activities.
Net Gain Targets
The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the VVP bioregion includes: • 0.06 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Floodplain Riparian Woodland; • 0.09 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Sedgy Wetland; and, • 1.23 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Woodland. To offset for the loss of 1 scattered trees using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 4 VLOTs and recruit 20 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 200 new trees that would need to be recruited. The Net Gain targets for removal of native vegetation in the Otway Plain bioregion includes: • 0.18 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Swamp Scrub; • 0.51 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Plains Grassy Wetland; and, • 0.24 habitat hectares of High conservation significance Grassy Woodland. To offset for the loss of 20 scattered trees using the ‘protect and recruit’ option there is a requirement to protect 8 VLOTs, 18 LOTs and 4 MOT and recruit 240 new trees or plants. Alternatively, the ‘recruitment only’ option would require a total of 1590 new trees that would need to be recruited. Offset Management Strategy
At this stage the investigation of offset sites has not been undertaken. For any offset measures (for habitat hectares) an audit process and management plan are required in order to ensure that the Net Gain outcomes are achieved, and that the gains are on-going and of a secure nature (e.g. Section 173 and 69 agreements or vegetation covenants etc. negotiated between the proponent and relevant parties). In accordance with the current DOT/DSE MOU for Native Vegetation Offsets, all offsets must be sourced and secured within 12 months of vegetation removal. VicRoads will source offsets in accordance with the Native Vegetation
59 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Management Framework and secure these through either a Section 173 agreement under the Planning & Environment Act 1987, a Section 69 agreement under the Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, or a Trust for Nature covenant.
Additional Requirements
Ecology and Heritage Partners recommends that VicRoads undertakes targeted surveys for Growling Grass Frog within suitable habitat, during the survey period (October-November) to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of this species within the study area.
Potential suitable habitat occurs within the Barwon River for Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch. While these species were not detected during previous targeted aquatic fauna surveys, appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented to ensure that no direct impacts to potential habitat occurs as a result of the proposed road development.
The requirement for an EPBC Act referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister should be determined pending the outcome of targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys within suitable habitat.
60 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
PLATES
61 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plate 1. Area of high quality habitat (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
Plate 2. Moderate quality habitat (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
62 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plate 3. Low quality habitat (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
Plate 4. Birregurra Creek: this section of the study area is considered high quality habitat given the high level of fringing and emergent vegetation, water quality and surrounding refuge (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
63 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plate 5. Barwon River (Winchelsea): this section of the study area is considered high quality habitat given the planted and remnant vegetation and surrounding refuge aligning the river bank (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
Plate 6. Plains Sedgy Wetland: this section of the study area is considered high/moderate quality habitat given the presence of tussock forming grasses, rushes and sedges (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
64 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plate 7. Plains Grassy Wetland: this section of the study area is also considered high/moderate quality habitat given the presence of tussock forming grasses and temporary inundation (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
Plate 8. Artificial Wetland/Ephemeral Drainage Line: moderate to high quality habitat (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
65 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
Plate 9. Planted Vegetation/Windrow: this habitat is considered to provide an important dispersal corridor for a range of locally common fauna species (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
Plate 10. A typical cropped area – this is of negligible habitat value to native fauna (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd).
66 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac
FIGURES
67 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princes Highway, Winchelsea to Colac C o d r R Study Area an nel a ga han e m C s ite n el L Ondit N39 Lake Reserve rsio h ak ive c Local Government Areas e Rd n D i ak o W Eurack l a - Pipe Clay Lake Eurach House Y dy h Colac-Otway Shire a g o i
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Ondit N43 Lake Reserve Ombersley Streamside Reserve Mirnee N49 Lake Reserve Thomas Lake Ombersley Beeac
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d Ondit R Lake Ondit s Armytage e ne m Li a Salt Lake n J to g s Lake Thurrumbong Wildlife Reserve nin g n n De Wurdiboluc Reservoir a
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0200100 PGW1 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend
U n Flora n a m Vegetation e d Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland PGW1 Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation PGW1 Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs
wy H Scattered Trees es PGW1 inc Pr *# PGW1 VLOT !( PGW2 LOT ") MOT [_ PGW1 ST
PGW3 Fauna Waterbodies 8 PGW 3 10 PGW1gh PGW1 gh High gh PGW1 gh Moderate 6 PGW1 PGW1 7 gh gh Low gh Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
9 Study Area gh NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3e Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees 11 *# gh PGW1 VLOT PGW1 !( LOT PGW1 ") MOT PGW1 [_ ST 71 PGW1 Hwy h rinces Fauna g PGW1 P Waterbodies 12 gh High gh PGW1 gh Moderate gh Low
PGW1 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3f Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs
d
R Scattered Trees
n
o
s *# t PGW1 VLOT r 13 e b gh o PGW1 !( LOT
R ") MOT PGW1 PGW1 [_ ST
PGW3 Fauna PGW1 Waterbodies 15 gh High gh PGW1 14 gh Moderate PGW1 gh gh Low PGW1 PGW1 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment
wy undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped H vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to es nc seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes ri U and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land PGW3 P n n management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. a m e d Figure 3g Ecological features within the PGW1 PGW3 study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation
d
R Floodplain Riparian Woodland s l
e
z
n Grassy Woodland
e M Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation PGW3 Minor Treeless Vegetation
Planted trees and shrubs wy H es Scattered Trees inc Pr PGW1 PGW3 *# VLOT !( LOT
PGW1 ") MOT
16 [_ ST gh PGW3 Fauna
17 Waterbodies PGW1 gh PGW1 gh High gh Moderate gh Low PGW3 18 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles gh Study Area PGW1 NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped PGW3 vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to PGW3 seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. gh 20 Figure 3h Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
gh 19 0200100 ¹ Metres gh 21
PGW3 VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG
d
R Legend
e
g
a t Flora y
m r
A Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation gh19 Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees gh 21 *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST
wy H es inc Fauna Pr Waterbodies PGW3 gh High gh Moderate gh Low 22 gh PGW1 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. 23 gh Figure 3i Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100
Metres d ¹ R
y
b
e l
g
n
I
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland
Grassy Woodland d
R
e Swamp Scrub
g
a
t y Plains Grassy Wetland
m
r A Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation PGW1 Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs
y Scattered Trees Hw PGW1 ces *# Prin VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST Fauna Waterbodies PGW1 gh High gh Moderate
PGW1 gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
PGW1 Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment PGW1 undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land d
R management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
y
b
e l g j n Figure 3 I Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
ed VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the nam accuracy or completeness of information in this publication Un and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland gh 69 Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation PGW1 PGW1 Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs PGW1 Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT PGW1 ") MOT [_ ST PGW1 Fauna Waterbodies
gh wy High s H nce h Pri g Moderate
d gh Low e PGW1 nam Un Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land PGW1 management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
PGW1 PGW1 gh 24 Figure 3k Ecological features within the PGW3 study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
U n n a m e d VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland d me nna
e U Swamp Scrub
n
a L
Plains Grassy Wetland
s
e
c i
r Plains Grassy Woodland
PGW1 P Plains Sedgy Wetland PGW1 PGW1 gh 24 Modified Treeless Vegetation
PGW3 Minor Treeless Vegetation
wy H Planted trees and shrubs es inc Pr Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT 25 [_ gh ST PGW3 27 Fauna gh Waterbodies gh 28 High gh gh Moderate 26 U gh n gh Low n a m e Embedded Rock/Rock Piles d Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to 29 GW2 seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes gh and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
30 ghSS1 Figure 3l
e Ecological features within the
n
a
L study area
s n Princes Highway Duplication n
o
C Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland
Plains Sedgy Wetland
e
n a
L Modified Treeless Vegetation
s
e c
i Minor Treeless Vegetation r P Planted trees and shrubs gh30 SS1 Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST Fauna
U e s Lan n GW1 allett Waterbodies n H
a m gh e High
d gh Princes Hwy Moderate gh Low 32 gh gh 31 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3m Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100
B ¹ Metres irre gurra Creek
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland
e n Grassy Woodland a
L
s Swamp Scrub y c r a Plains Grassy Wetland D Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees Rickett Marsh *# VLOT 34 !( gh gh 33 LOT ") MOT [_ ST Fauna 35 Waterbodies 37 gh 36 gh gh gh High gh Moderate gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles wy es H Study Area Princ NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment GW1 38 undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to gh seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes Birregurra Creek and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
Figure 3n
d
R Ecological features within the
a
r
r
u study area
g
e
r
r Princes Highway Duplication
i B Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland
Modified Treeless Vegetation
d
R
c i Minor Treeless Vegetation
r
e l o Planted trees and shrubs o M Scattered Trees
GW1 *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST gh 39 Fauna wy es H Princ Waterbodies gh High gh Moderate 40 gh gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3o Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres B irr eg u r ra C r ee k
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora
B Vegetation i r r e g u Floodplain Riparian Woodland r r a
C Grassy Woodland r e e k Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs
M Scattered Trees c d d e o *# n m VLOT n a
e n n l l !( s U LOT
R d ") MOT [_ y ST es Hw Princ Fauna SS1 Waterbodies
41 gh High gh gh Moderate 42 SS1 gh gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3p Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland
d e Plains Sedgy Wetland m
a
n n Modified Treeless Vegetation U Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ 43 ST gh 42 Fauna 44 gh y gh Waterbodies Hw ces Prin gh High
PGWe1 gh Moderate gh Low 46 PGWe1 gh 45 gh Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area 47 NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment gh undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes 48 Rd and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land e management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. rv gh e s
Re s q y Figure 3 re y A Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
k e VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the re C accuracy or completeness of information in this publication a rr and any person using or relying upon such information does gu so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no re responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, ir B defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland B i r r e Swamp Scrub g
u
r r Plains Grassy Wetland a
C
r e Plains Grassy Woodland e k Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST Fauna
d e m Waterbodies a n wy n s H gh U ce High Prin gh Moderate 49 gh gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
50 Study Area gh NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3r Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees *# VLOT
!( LOT
d PSWe1 ")
e MOT
m 51 a
n gh [_ ST n
a Creek U Birregurr Fauna PSWe152 Waterbodies d gh e
m gh High a
n n y gh U Hw Moderate ces Prin gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
53 Study Area gh NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Warncoort Figure 3s
54 Ecological features within the gh study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac gh 57 0200100 ¹ Metres
55 W ar gh nc oo rt - Bi rre gu rr a Rd VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend
d Flora
e
m
a Vegetation
n
n
U Floodplain Riparian Woodland
a Creek Birregurr Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub
d e Plains Grassy Wetland
m
a
n
n Plains Grassy Woodland
U Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation gh 53 Planted trees and shrubs 20 [_!( 21 Scattered Trees [_19 *# VLOT Warncoort !( LOT Princes Hwy ") MOT _[_ 54 !( gh [_ ST 56 U h Fauna d nnamed g e 57 m Waterbodies a gh n n gh U High W gh ar Moderate nc oo rt h - g Low 55 Bi rre gh gu rra Embedded Rock/Rock Piles R d Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3t Ecological features within the Rosen eath Rd study area
d Princes Highway Duplication
R
y Winchelsea to Colac r
e
t e
e n
a m 0200100 L e
s C
t
r t
r e Metres o b
o ¹
o c
R n
r
a
W
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") 58 MOT 59 gh gh [_ ST
GW1 4 Fauna [_[_3 Princes Hwy !( Waterbodies 12 2 !( 5 gh High
")6 7 14 13 d gh ") 8 e Moderate !( !( 9 11 !( m *#")10 a gh *# n Low n U Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to U seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes n and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land n a management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. m
e
d Figure 3u Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Tarndwarncoort Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland
d Grassy Woodland R
s
e
k Swamp Scrub r
u
o
B Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees U nnamed *# VLOT !( LOT ed Unnam ") MOT 61 [_ 62 gh ST gh Fauna 60 gh Waterbodies Princes Hwy 18 16 ")!([_17 gh High 14 15 gh Moderate !( gh Low d
e
m Embedded Rock/Rock Piles a
n
n
U Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to
seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes
d
d and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land e e management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. m
m a
a n
n n
n
U U Figure 3v
d Ecological features within the
R
s study area
sk
a
r Princes Highway Duplication
T d e Winchelsea to Colac m a n n U 0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( LOT ") 64 MOT gh 63 [_ gh ST Fauna
Princes Hwy Waterbodies gh High gh Moderate
d gh Low
e
m a Embedded Rock/Rock Piles n
n U Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
w d Figure 3 e
m Ecological features within the a
n n study area U Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs
Scattered Trees
d
R
d *#
e VLOT i R
w s
o e !( r l LOT r y
a
P W ") MOT
d [_ e ST
m
a 65 n Fauna n
gh U Waterbodies gh High gh Moderate gh Low
d Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
e
m
a Study Area
n n NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment U undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
wy s H x ce Figure 3 rin P U Ecological features within the n
n a study area m
e
d Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland
Swamp Scrub
d
R
e Plains Grassy Wetland i
w
o
r
r Plains Grassy Woodland
a
W Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs Scattered Trees Irrew arra Sta *# tion Rd VLOT !( LOT ") MOT [_ ST Fauna y Hw ces Waterbodies Prin gh High U
n n gh a Moderate m
e d gh Low
66 Embedded Rock/Rock Piles
67 gh
d gh e Study Area
m
a NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment n undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped n vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to U seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes
and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land d management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
R
s
n i l l o Figure 3y C Ecological features within the study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG Legend Flora gh 67 Vegetation Floodplain Riparian Woodland Grassy Woodland Swamp Scrub
d e m Plains Grassy Wetland a n n U Plains Grassy Woodland Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted trees and shrubs 70
gh d Scattered Trees
R
t
a *# r VLOT
a l l a !( LOT B
-
c ") a MOT l y o w H C s [_ ce ST in Pr Fauna Waterbodies gh High gh Moderate gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007. Figure 3z Ecological features within the 68 study area gh Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
d
R Flaxmill Rd s r
e
p
a Triggs R r d D
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG
d
R Legend t
a r
a l l Flora a
B
- Vegetation c
a l o Floodplain Riparian Woodland C y w H s Grassy Woodland ce in Pr Swamp Scrub Plains Grassy Wetland Plains Grassy Woodland 68 gh Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation
d
Tre e atment W Minor Treeless Vegetation orks Rd m a
n
n Planted trees and shrubs Flax mill Rd U Scattered Trees *# VLOT !( T LOT riggs Rd ") MOT [_ ST Fauna Waterbodies gh High gh Moderate gh Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Ma rriner St Study Area NOTE: Vegetation mapping is based on a site assessment undertaken in October 2011. The boundary of mapped vegetation patches identified may vary over time due to seasonal variation in growth, decline, structural changes and/or natural regeneration due to changes in land management practice. Aerial photography is from 2007.
d
R
s r Figure 3aa e
p
a r Ecological features within the D study area Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac
0200100 ¹ Metres
ed m na Un
VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication Un nam and any person using or relying upon such information does ed so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG 100 Metres 3183_Fig3_Eco_features.mxd 24/10/2011RLG bb 0200 Floodplain Riparian Woodland WoodlandGrassy Swamp Scrub Wetland Grassy Plains Woodland Grassy Plains Plains Sedgy Wetland Modified Treeless Vegetation Minor Treeless Vegetation Planted treesand shrubs ST High Moderate Low Embedded Rock/Rock Piles Study Area VLOT LOT MOT ¹ VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the warrant not does Victoria of State The Data: VicMap publication this in of information completeness or accuracy does information such upon relying or using person any and no bear shall Victoria of State the that basis the on so faults, errors, any for whatsoever liability or responsibility information. the in omissions or defects # * ! ( " ) [ _ h g h g h g Legend Flora Vegetation Fauna Waterbodies assessment site a on based is mapping Vegetation NOTE: mapped of boundary The 2011. October in undertaken to due time over vary may identified patches vegetation changes structural decline, growth, in variation seasonal land in changes to due regeneration natural and/or 2007. from is photography Aerial practice. management Figure 3 Ecological features within the study area Duplication Highway Princes Colac to Winchelsea Scattered Trees
t
S
n
o
s
n i
k
r r
a
D
P d
y
R a
r t r
s u
e
r M r
o h
F g
- u
c H
a l
o
C
t d
e S
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W 2001 Ryans L GF Gherang ane Wurdiboluc Reservoir GF GF1961 Rickett Marsh 1982 1986 Mc GF kays Rd Lake Burn k ree d Irrewarra C ra R r Ingleby gu d Rd 2009 re R y Wormbete Lake Colac Warncoort Bir rra wa GF gu Ot e e r ap r i C heehans r B ve S i R
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C Princes Highway Duplication Tulloh o Deans Marsh la r d c e R Winchelsea to Colac v t - i 2009 Yeodene s 1993 F R o e GF r Coram GF r n r r o e o Boonah w s r F t a - R B d d a R r Pennyroyal r ain s P kala Barongarook u rry n c Cr u d g e Ba o ary k ch D ek G B Cree n e ra r e r a B i t Murroon ns s B e M W ar r sh e - L Burtons Lookout iv o R rn e R VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the n d o accuracy or completeness of information in this publication d w R r Ocean and any person using or relying upon such information does a Benwerrin eat so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no B r Barwon Downs G responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig04_Sig_flora_241011.mxd 24/10/2011 RLG hg[_XW*#() s l GF Showy Lobelia [_ Masked Owl 1995 e h 2000 1995 c 1997 *# GF Small Milkwort [_ Mountain Galaxias n # i [_ *# * GF Small Scurf-pea [_ Musk Duck W The Cap - y w GF Spiny Peppercress [_ Nankeen Night Heron 1995 h H g s i ce GF [_ )" 1996 e n 19901981 Spiny Rice-flower Otway Crayfish 1980 l i r r 19861987 P GF"!XW1995 1980 GF *# e 2002XWGF)( GF Yarra Gum [_ Pacific Golden Plover )"(!1968 v )" 1981 n I (! Australasian Bittern [_ Pacific Gull 2003 2003 (! 1996 )" XW *# (! Australasian Shoveler [_ Pectoral Sandpiper 1981 (! XW 1980 1980 Australian Painted Snipe XW Pied Cormorant 2003 2003 GF 1977 (! XW (! GF *# hg Australian Pratincole Plains-wanderer Winchelsea (! Azure Kingfisher XW Powerful Owl 1977 1981 1979 )" I2 (! Baillon's Crake XW Red Knot 1979XW *# 1981 1981 2008 )" [_ *# (! Black Falcon XW Red-chested Button-quail [_ wy 1984 H (! XW 1981 1980 es 2001 Blue-billed Duck Regent Honeyeater 1999 1981 *# nc 19871987 1984 (! hg (! Pri (! *# Brolga XW River Blackfish *# *# Lake Gherang *#XW[_GF)"(!1987 2001 19791996*#1996 *# Brown Quail XW Royal Spoonbill 1981 1980 2001 2000 )" *# (! 2000 #1989*# *# Cape Barren Goose Rufous Bristlebird 1987 2004 XW [_ XW [_ * 2003 hg # 2001 2001 2003 *# Caspian Tern (Otways subsp.) * *# *# GF 1986 1982 *# Common Bent-wing Bat hg Southern Toadlet 1978 1986XWXW )" *# 2001 2001 *# Common Sandpiper hg Spot-tailed Quoll 1984 " *# 2003 Armytage GF ) *# Corangamite Water Skink hg Spotted Harrier *# *# hg ne Eastern Curlew Striped Legless Lizard Li )" hg ton Eastern Great Egret Whiskered Tern ng er )" hg ni iv 2001 2000 Fairy Prion White-bellied Sea-Eagle en R D n XW *# Wurdiboluc Reservoir )" Fat-tailed Dunnart hg White-faced Storm-Petrel o 1978 arw )" 20061991 )" Freckled Duck 1955 GF 1955 19661966 Figure 5a *# [_(GF!1963 Significant fauna records 2000 1982 1955 2003 iver XW (! (! )" Anglesea R Princes Highway Duplication d 2000 y R wa Winchelsea to Colac [_ Ot pe Ca Wensleydale GF(! 1986 Bambra Whoorel R d VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the elsea - Deans Marsh ch accuracy or completeness of information in this publication in W and any person using or relying upon such information does 1964 so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, hg defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig05_Significant_fauna_24102011.mxd 24/10/2011 RLG 1984 19991999 *# Legend *#)"(!1999 (! Basalt Peppercress GF Growling Grass Frog d (! GF R Clover Glycine Gull-billed Tern c 1980 a 1996 (! 1978 (! Common Pipewort GF Hardhead ee )" hg B 1992 1980 (! Netted Daisy-bush GF Intermediate Egret c - 1998 la )" *# *# (! Pale Swamp Everlasting GF Latham's Snipe u The Sanctuary 1995 Ondit - W 1977 (! GF g arri [_ Purple Blown-grass Little Egret a Far on 1978 (! r rell 1977 R GF GF s Rd d GF Rayless Daisy-bush Long-toed Stint o 1980XWhg[_*#GF(!)" 1978 C GF Salt Blown-grass GF Magpie Goose 1980 Lake Ondit 1998 [_ 19951995 1990 Ondit 1998 *# )" 1982 GF Showy Lobelia [_ Masked Owl " hg ) *#2007 d d 1994 1994 GF Small Milkwort [_ Mountain Galaxias R R 1997 1980 hg s *# p *# *# 1984 1984 GF Small Scurf-pea [_ Musk Duck e hg 1994 m *# a m 19971992 *# *# GF Spiny Peppercress [_ Nankeen Night Heron w a 1981 J ! S ( GF )" 1980 2002 GF [_ s hg 1997 Salt Lake Spiny Rice-flower Otway Crayfish k 1991 c g GF o n *# GF Yarra Gum [_ Pacific Golden Plover ll hg a u 1959 L 1979 (! B 2002 2001 *# Australasian Bittern [_ Pacific Gull 2002 (! # 1992 1994[_ )" * *# 1990 (! Australasian Shoveler [_ Pectoral Sandpiper Rya 1958 *# 1991 ns Lane Balintore GF 1959 *# *# (! Australian Painted Snipe XW Pied Cormorant [_ 1995 1994 d (! Australian Pratincole XW Plains-wanderer R 1987 1987 2005 *# 1979 *# 1959 1979 s " l 19991999 XW[_GF(!)"*#1996 ) R # 1979 (! l yans Rd (! hg 1987* hg Azure Kingfisher XW Powerful Owl e GF(! 1996 1969 1993 1994 s 1996(! 1996 *# 1994 (! Baillon's Crake XW Red Knot s R 1983 1995 GF 2000 o d I2 2001 s )" d 1960 (! XW )" Fat-tailed Dunnart hg White-faced Storm-Petrel 2000 R s 2000 R 1996 )" m 2001 GF s " hg s GF 1970 o d )" ) )" o s XW)" [_ w n Elliminyt r 042 a a e B D 1986 ¹ Kilometres )" Holmchas 1960 e Rd 1986 hg 1993 XW d 1999 1958 R [_ 1951 XW)" 1999 t 2000 Figure 5b XW s ! )" e < r 19591959 o Significant fauna records F GF(!1958 d 2000 [_ - 2001 2000 2000 1980 R c Princes Highway Duplication (!GF)" t 1999 a XWGF l 2005 XW s 2000 o GF e r Winchelsea to Colac C )" r 2000 o 1982 F Tulloh - XW [_ a 2001 r d r u R GF 1980 e 19991998 1991 g rXW e p r i e l 1984 )"(! GF r l i i 1996 Yeodene i v XW 1993 B w 1993 )" R e r [_1992 n r [_ o I 2000 1984 2000 rw Barongarook West )" a hgCoram)" B 19931993 VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the d [_[_1992 accuracy or completeness of information in this publication s R rry and any person using or relying upon such information does Ba Gerangamete Flats so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no G B k oundary Cree Barongarook responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig05_Significant_fauna_24102011.mxd 24/10/2011 RLG REFERENCES CCMA 2005. Corangamite Catchment Management Authority Native Vegetation Plan. Corangamite Catchment Management Authority. Christy, M.T., & Dickman, C.R. 2002. Effects of salinity on tadpoles of the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea). Amphibia-Reptilia 23: 1-11. Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria. Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E., Sadlier, R.A. and Eggler, P 1993. The Action Plan for Australian Reptiles. Australian Nature conservation Agency, Canberra, ACT. DPCD 2011. Planning Schemes Online: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/. Department of Planning and Community Development. DSE 2004. Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual: Guidelines for Applying the Habitat Hectares Scoring Method. Biodiversity and Natural Resources Division, Department of Sustainability & Environment, Victoria DSE 2005. Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria - 2005. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria, East Melbourne, Victoria. DSE 2007a. Native Vegetation: Guide for Assessment of Referred Planning Permit Applications. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. DSE 2007b. Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. DSE 2009. Advisory list of Threatened Invertebrate Fauna in Victoria – 2009. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. DSE 2011. Biodiversity Interactive Maps: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au DSE 2010. Native Vegetation – Technical Information Sheet August 2010. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. Duncan, A., Baker, G.B. and Montgomery, N. (Eds) 1999. The Action Plan for Australian Bats. Environment Australia. Canberra, ACT. Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010. Targeted aquatic fauna assessment as part of the rehabilitation of the Masonry Arch Bridge, Princes Highway, Winchelsea. Unpublished report prepared for VicRoads. FIS 2011. Flora Information System. Viridians Biological Databases Pty Ltd, Melbourne. 101 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Garnett, S.T. and Crowley, G. M. 2000. The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Environment Australia. Maxwell, S., Burbidge, A A. And Morris, K (Eds) 1996. The 1996 Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes. Wildlife Australia for Australasian Marsupial and Monotreme Specialist Group and the IUCN Species Survival commission, Switzerland. NRE 2002. Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management; A Framework for Action. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, East Melbourne, Victoria. Sands, D.P.A. and New, T.R. 2002. The Action Plan for Australian Butterflies. Environment Australia, Canberra. SEWPaC 2011. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Protected Matters Search Tool http://www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2008. Commonwealth Listing Advice on Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain of the Victorian Volcanic Plain: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat Tyler, M.J. 1997. The Action Plan for Australian Frogs. Wildlife Australia: Canberra. VBA 2010. Victorian Biodiversity Atlas. Sourced from: ‘VBA_FAUNA25’ and ‘VBA_FAUNA100’, 2010. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. VicRoads 2009. Native Vegetation Removal Guidelines. VicRoads Environmental Services. Walsh, N.G. and Stajsic, V. 2007. A Census of the Vascular Plants of Victoria 8th Edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. 102 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac APPENDICES 103 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 1 – Significance Assessment Criteria used by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd to define conservation significance, vegetation condition and habitat quality is provided below. A1.1. Rare or Threatened Categories for Listed Victorian Taxa Table A1.1. Rare or Threatened categories for listed Victorian taxa. Rare or Threatened Categories CONSERVATION STATUS IN AUSTRALIA (Based on the EPBC Act 1999, Briggs and Leigh 1996) EX - Extinct: Extinct is when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual of the species has died. CR - Critically Endangered: A species is critically endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. EN - Endangered: A species is endangered when it is not critically endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. VU - Vulnerable: A species is vulnerable when it is not critically endangered or endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. R* - Rare: A species is rare but overall is not currently considered critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. K* - Poorly Known: A species is suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to any of the categories extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or rare. CONSERVATION STATUS IN VICTORIA (Based on DSE 2005, DSE 2007b, DSE 2009) x - Presumed Extinct in Victoria: not recorded from Victoria during the past 50 years despite field searches specifically for the plant, or, alternatively, intensive field searches (since 1950) at all previously known sites have failed to record the plant. e - Endangered in Victoria: at risk of disappearing from the wild state if present land use and other causal factors continue to operate. v - Vulnerable in Victoria: not presently endangered but likely to become so soon due to continued depletion; occurring mainly on sites likely to experience changes in land-use which would threaten the survival of the plant in the wild; or, taxa whose total population is so small that the likelihood of recovery from disturbance, including localised natural events such as drought, fire or landslip, is doubtful. r - Rare in Victoria: rare but not considered otherwise threatened - there are relatively few known populations or the taxon is restricted to a relatively small area. k - Poorly Known in Victoria: poorly known and suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to one of the above categories (x, e, v or r) within Victoria. At present, accurate distribution information is inadequate. 104 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac A1.2. Defining Ecological Significance Table A1.2. Defining Ecological Significance. Criteria for defining Ecological Significance NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE National conservation status is based on the EPBC Act list of taxa considered threatened in Australia (i.e. extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable). Flora Flora listed as rare in Australia in Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (Briggs and Leigh 1996). National conservation status is based on the EPBC Act list of taxa considered threatened in Australia (i.e. Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable). Fauna listed as Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare under National Action Plans for terrestrial taxon prepared for the SEWPaC: threatened marsupials and monotremes (Maxwell et al. Fauna Fauna 1996), bats (Duncan et al. 1999), birds (Garnett and Crowley 2000), reptiles (Cogger et al. 1993), amphibians (Tyler 1997) and butterflies (Sands and New 2002). Species that have not been included on the EBPC Act but listed as significance according to the IUCN 2009 Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2009). Vegetation communities considered critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable under the EPBC Act and considering vegetation condition. Communities Communities STATE SIGNIFICANCE Threatened taxa listed under the provisions of the FFG Act. Flora listed as extinct, endangered, vulnerable or rare in Victoria in the DSE Flora Information System (most recent Version). Flora Flora listed in the State Government’s Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria, 2005 (DSE 2005). Flora listed as poorly known in Australia in Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (Briggs and Leigh 1996). Threatened taxon listed under Schedule 2 of the FFG Act. Fauna listed as Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable on the State Government’s Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007 (DSE 2007b). Listed as Lower Risk (Near Threatened, Conservation Dependent or Least concern) or Data Deficient under Fauna Fauna National Action Plans for terrestrial species prepared for the SEWPaC: threatened marsupials and monotremes (Maxwell et al. 1996), bats (Duncan et al. 1999), birds (Garnett and Crowley 2000), reptiles (Cogger et al. 1993), amphibians (Tyler 1997) and butterflies (Sands and New 2002). 105 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Criteria for defining Ecological Significance Ecological communities listed as threatened under the FFG Act. Ecological vegetation class listed as threatened (i.e. endangered, vulnerable) or rare in a Native Vegetation Plan for a particular bioregion (www.dse.vic.gov.au) and considering vegetation condition. Communities Communities REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Flora considered rare in any regional native vegetation plan for a particular bioregion. Flora Flora considered rare by the author for a particular bioregion. Fauna with a disjunct distribution, or a small number of documented recorded or naturally rare in the particular Bioregion in which the study area is located. Fauna Fauna A particular taxon that is has an unusual ecological or biogeographical occurrence or listed as Lower Risk – Near Threatened, Data Deficient or Insufficiently Known on the State Government’s Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007 (DSE 2007b). Ecological vegetation class listed as depleted or least concern in a Native Vegetation Plan for a particular bioregion (www.dse.vic.gov.au) and considering vegetation condition. Ecological vegetation class considered rare by the author for a particular bioregion. Communities Communities LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Local significance is defined as flora, fauna and ecological communities indigenous to a particular area, which are not considered rare or threatened on a national, state or regional level. 106 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac A1.3 Defining Site Significance The following geographical areas apply to the overall level of significance with respect to the current survey. National: Australia State: Victoria Regional: Victorian Plain and Otway Plain bioregions Local: Within 10 kilometres surrounding the study area Table A1.3. Defining Site Significance. Criteria for defining Site Significance NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE A site is of National significance if: - It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting individuals of a taxon listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ or ‘Endangered’ under the EPBC Act and/or under National Action Plans for terrestrial taxon prepared for the SEWPaC. - It regularly supports, or has a high probability of supporting, an ‘important population’ as defined under the EPBC Act of one or more nationally ‘vulnerable’ flora and fauna taxon. - It is known to support, or has a high probability of supporting taxon listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under National Action Plans. - It is known to regularly support a large proportion (i.e. greater than 1%) of a population of a taxon listed as ‘Conservation Dependent’ under the EPBC Act and/or listed as Rare or Lower Risk (near threatened, conservation dependent or least concern) under National Action Plans. - It contains an area, or part thereof designated as ‘critical habitat’ under the EPBC Act, or if the site is listed under the Register of National Estate compiled by the Australian Heritage Commission. - It is a site which forms part of, or is connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of national conservation significance such as most National Park, and/or a Ramsar Wetland(s). STATE SIGNIFICANCE A site is of State significance if: - It occasionally (i.e. every 1 to 5 years) supports, or has suitable habitat to support taxon listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ or ‘Endangered’ under the EPBC Act and/or under National Action Plans. - It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting (i.e. high habitat quality) taxon listed as ‘Vulnerable’, ‘Near threatened‘, ‘Data Deficient’ or ‘Insufficiently Known’ in Victoria (DSE 2005, 2007b), or species listed as ‘Data Deficient’ or ‘Insufficiently Known’ under National Action Plans. - It contains an area, or part thereof designated as ‘critical habitat’ under the FFG Act. - It supports, or likely to support a high proportion of any Victorian flora and fauna taxa. - It contains high quality, intact vegetation/habitat supporting a high species richness and diversity in a particular bioregion. - It is a site which forms part of, or connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of state conservation significance such as most State Parks and/or Flora and Fauna Reserves. 107 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Criteria for defining Site Significance REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE A site is of Regional significance if: - It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting regionally significant fauna as defined in Table 1.2. - Is contains a large population (i.e. greater than 1% or 5%) of flora considered rare in any regional native vegetation plan for a particular bioregion. - It supports a fauna population with a disjunct distribution, or a particular taxon that has an unusual ecological or biogeographical occurrence. - It is a site which forms part of, or is connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of regional conservation significance such as most Regional Parks and/or Flora and Fauna Reserves. LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Most sites are considered to be of at least local significant for conservation, and in general a site of local significance can be defined as: - An area which supports indigenous flora species and/or a remnant EVC, and habitats used by locally significant fauna species. - An area which currently acts, or has the potential to act as a wildlife corridor linking other areas of higher conservation significance and facilitating fauna movement throughout the landscape. A1.4. Defining Vegetation Condition Table A1.4. Defining Vegetation Condition. Criteria for defining Vegetation Condition Good condition - Vegetation dominated by a diversity of indigenous species, with defined structures (where appropriate), such as canopy layer, shrub layer, and ground cover, with little or few introduced species present. Moderate condition - Vegetation dominated by a diversity of indigenous species, but is lacking some structures, such as canopy layer, shrub layer or ground cover, and/or there is a greater level of introduced flora species present. Poor condition - Vegetation dominated by introduced species, but supports low levels of indigenous species present, in the canopy, shrub layer or ground cover. 108 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac A1.5. Defining Habitat Quality Several factors are taken into account when determining the value of habitat. Habitat quality varies on both spatial and temporal scales, with the habitat value varying depending upon a particular fauna species. Table A1.5. Defining Habitat Quality. Criteria for defining Habitat Quality HIGH QUALITY High degree of intactness (i.e. floristically and structurally diverse), containing several important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. High species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a large number of species from a range of fauna groups). High level of foraging and breeding activity, with the site regularly used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing low levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes (i.e. weed invasion, introduced animals, soil erosion, salinity). High contribution to a wildlife corridor, and/or connected to a larger area(s) of high quality habitat. Provides known, or likely habitat for one or more rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007. MODERATE QUALITY Moderate degree of intactness, containing one or more important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Moderate species richness and diversity - represented by a moderate number of species from a range of fauna groups. Moderate levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing moderate levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Moderate contribution to a wildlife corridor, or is connected to area(s) of moderate quality habitat. Provides potential habitat for a small number of threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007b. LOW QUALITY Low degree of intactness, containing few important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Low species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a small number of species from a range of fauna groups). Low levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing high levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Unlikely to form part of a wildlife corridor, and is not connected to another area(s) of habitat. Unlikely to provide habitat for rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007b. 109 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 2.1 – Flora results Table A2.1. Flora recorded within the study area Scientific Name Common Name Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Acaena agnipila Hairy Sheep's Burr Acaena novae‐zelandiae Bidgee‐widgee Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel* Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis Agapanthus* Agrostis capillaris Brown‐top Bent* Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair‐grass* Allium triquetrum Angled Onion** Allocasuarina verticilata Drooping Sheoak Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak Anagallis arvensis var. arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel* Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea Blue Pimpernel* Angophora spp. Apple Anthoxanthum aristatum Annual Vernal‐grass* Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed* Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily Asperula conferta Common Woodruff Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby‐grass Austrostipa sp. Spear Grass Avena barbata Bearded Oat* Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip* Briza maxima Large Quaking‐grass* Briza minor Lesser Quaking‐grass* Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass* Bromus diandrus Great Brome* Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Soft Brome* Burchardia umbellata Milkmaids Calocephalus lacteus Milky Beauty‐heads Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle** Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse‐ear Chickweed* Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle** Convolvulus erubescens Pink Bindweed Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons* Cynoglossum suaveolens Sweet Hound's‐tongue Cytisus scoparius English Broom** Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot* Dianella admixta Black‐anther Flax‐lily Drosera peltata Pale Sundew Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt‐grass* Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt‐grass* Einadia nutans Nodding Saltbush 110 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Scientific Name Common Name Eleocharis acuta Common Spike‐sedge Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow‐herb Eryngium ovinum Blue Devil Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red‐gum Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum Foeniculum vulgare Fennel** Fraxinus spp. Ash* Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis Wall Fumitory* Galium murale Small Goosegrass* Geranium retrorsum Grassland Crane’s‐bill Helminthotheca echioides Ox‐tongue* Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog* Hypochoeris radicata Flatweed* Isolepis levynsiana Tiny Flat‐sedge* Lachnagrostis filiformis s.s. Common Blown‐grass Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce* Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea‐tree Lolium perenne Perennial Rye‐grass* Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat‐rush Lycium spp. Box Thorn Malva nicaeensis Mallow of Nice* Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic* Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass Moraea flaccida One‐leaf Cape‐tulip** Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle‐grass** Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock** Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood‐sorrel Oxalis pes‐caprae Soursob** Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum* Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary‐grass* Phragmites australis Common Reed Pinus radiata Radiata Pine* Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow Plantain Plantago lanceolata Ribwort* Poa labillardierei Common Tussock‐grass Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock‐grass Romulea minutiflora Small‐flower Onion‐grass* Romulea rosea Onion Grass* Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar** Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry** Rumex crispus Curled Dock* Salix fragilis Crack Willow** Sedum praealtum subsp. praealtum Shrubby Stonecrop* 111 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Scientific Name Common Name Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle* Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow‐thistle* Sparaxis bulbifera Harlequin Flower* Stackhousia monogyna Creamy Candles Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify* Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover* Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover* Triglochin procera s.l. Water Ribbons Tritonia lineata Lined Tritonia* Typha orientalis Broad‐leaf Cumbungi Ulex europaeus Gorse Ulmus spp. Elm* Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch* Notes: *Exotic species; **Listed noxious weed (CCMA 2005). 112 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 2.2 – Significant flora species Table A2.2. Significant flora recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area. Sources used to determine species status: EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) DSE Advisory List of Threatened Flora in Victoria (DSE 2005) FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Victoria) National status of species is designated by: X Extinct CR Critically endangered EN Endangered VU Vulnerable K Poorly Known (Briggs and Leigh 1996) # Records identified from EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool. * Native non-indigenous species State status of species is designated by: X Extinct e Endangered v Vulnerable r Rare k Poorly Known L FFG Act Listed Likelihood of occurrence: 1 known occurrence 2 habitat present 3 habitat present, but low likelihood 4 unlikely 5 no suitable habitat 113 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Likely Last Total # of occurrence documented documented in study Scientific name Common name EPBC FFG DSE record records area NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE #Carex tasmanica Curly Sedge VU L v - - 4 #Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine VU L v 2001 1 3 #Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata Wingless Raspwort VU - v - - 4 #Lepidium aschersonii Spiny Peppercress VU L e 2009 6 3 Lepidium hyssopifolium Basalt Peppercress EN L e 2000 2 3 #Pimelea spinescens subsp. spinescens Spiny Rice-flower CR L e 2007 7 3 #Poa sallacustris Salt-lake Tussock-grass VU L v - - 3 #Prasophyllum frenchii Maroon Leek-orchid EN L e - - 4 #Senecio macrocarpus Large-fruit Fireweed VU L e - - 4 #Thelymitra epipactoides Metallic Sun-orchid EN L e - - 4 #Thelymitra matthewsii Spiral Sun-orchid VU L v - - 4 STATE SIGNIFICANCE Comesperma polygaloides Small Milkwort - L v 2000 1 4 Cullen parvum Small Scurf-pea - L e 2001 4 3 Eriocaulon scariosum Common Pipewort - - r 1990 1 4 Eucalyptus yarraensis Yarra Gum - D r 2000 2 5 Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp Everlasting - - v 1990 1 4 Lachnagrostis punicea subsp. punicea Purple Blown-grass - - r 1997 2 4 Lachnagrostis robusta Salt Blown-grass - - r 1995 1 5 Lobelia beaugleholei Showy Lobelia - - r 2009 2 4 Olearia speciosa Netted Daisy-bush - - k 1979 1 4 Olearia tubuliflora Rayless Daisy-bush - - r 1982 2 4 Source: DSE (2010c); SEWPaC (2011). 114 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 3.1 – Significant fauna species Table A3.1. Fauna recorded during the field survey, and previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area. H Heard Mi Migratory S Seen Ma Marine I Incidental (feathers, bones, scats etc) * Introduced species T Trapped / handheld Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey MAMMALS Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus 2002 14 - - - Short-beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus 2002 11 - - I Agile antechinus Antechinus agilis 1978 5 Partial - - Dusky Antechinus Antechinus swainsonii 1978 1 - - - Spot-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus maculatus 1970 4 Partial - - Eastern Quoll Dasyurus viverrinus 1880 1 - - - Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii 1760 1 - - - Fat-tailed Dunnart Sminthopsis crassicaudata 1998 6 - - - Eastern Barred Bandicoot Perameles gunnii 1949 40 - - - Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus 1867 1 - - - Koala Phascolarctos cinereus 1972 1 - - - Long-nosed Bandicoot Perameles nasuta 1984 2 - - - Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula 2000 33 Total - - Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps 1998 3 Total - - Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus 1997 6 Partial - - Feathertail Glider Acrobates pygmaeus 2003 1 Total - - Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus 2001 10 - - I Black Wallaby Wallabia bicolor 2000 5 - - - Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus 2004 2 - - - Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris 1969 2 Total - - White-striped Freetail Bat Tadarida australis 2000 4 Total - - Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio 1995 1 Total - - 115 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Common Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii GROUP 1999 1 - - - Gould's Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus gouldi 2000 3 Total - - Lesser Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi 2001 7 Total - - Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster 1996 5 - - - House Mouse* Mus musculus 1995 2 - - S Bush Rat Rattus fuscipes 2000 6 - - - Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus 1997 8 - - - Brown Rat* Rattus norvegicus 1994 2 - - - Red Fox* Vulpes vulpes 2002 11 - - S Cat* Felis catus 2000 4 - - - Goat (feral)* Capra hircus 1996 1 - - - Pig (feral)* Sus scrofa 1996 1 - - - European Rabbit* Oryctolagus cuniculus 1998 12 - - S European Hare* Lepus europeaus 1998 8 - - S BIRDS Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis 2002 27 - Ma - Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora australis 1979 3 - - - Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata 1996 13 - Ma - Plumed Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna eytoni 1996 4 - - - Musk Duck Biziura lobata 2006 162 - Ma - Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa 2005 61 - - - Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2006 9 - Ma - Black Swan Cygnus atratus 2006 453 - - - Australian Shelduck Tadorna tadornoides 2007 393 Total - - Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata 2005 63 Total - S Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 2006 151 Partial - - Garganey Anas querquedula 1881 1 - - - Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis 2006 184 - - - Grey Teal Anas gracilis 2007 338 Total - S Chestnut Teal Anas castanea 2006 190 Total - S Northern Mallard* Anas platyrhynchos 2005 3 - - - Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa 2006 367 - - S Hardhead Aythya australis 2006 138 - - - 116 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis 2006 62 - - - Australasian Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 2003 88 - - S Hoary-headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus 2007 237 - - - Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 2007 152 - - - Rock Dove* Columba livia 2001 19 - - S Spotted Turtle-Dove* Streptopelia chinensis 2000 4 - - S Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera 1999 11 - - - Brush Bronzewing Phaps elegans 1977 2 - - - Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides 1999 4 - - - White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus 2006 18 - Mi/Ma - Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus 1999 5 - Mi/Ma - White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina 1979 1 - Ma - Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur 2000 2 - Ma - Darter Anhinga novaehollandiae 2002 4 - - - Little Pied Cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos 2004 177 - - - Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 2006 130 - - - Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 2005 150 - - S Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 2006 40 - - - Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus 2007 248 - Ma S Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 2000 4 - - - White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica 2002 127 - - S Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta 2006 145 - Mi/Ma - Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia 2000 2 - Ma S Cattle Egret Ardea ibis 2005 44 - Mi/Ma - White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae 2006 318 - - S Little Egret Egretta garzetta nigripes 2002 2 - Ma - Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus hillii 2002 13 - Ma - Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2002 3 - Mi/Ma - Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca 2006 178 - Ma S Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis 2006 187 - Ma S Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia 2003 39 - - - Yellow-billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes 2005 118 - - S Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris 2006 46 - - S 117 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Letter-winged Kite Elanus scriptus 1977 1 - - - White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 2000 1 - Mi/Ma - Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus 2007 47 - Ma S Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus 2006 34 - Ma - Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus 1999 8 - - - Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae novaehollandiae 2006 32 - - - Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis 1980 3 - - - Swamp Harrier Circus approximans 2005 68 - Ma - Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax 2007 40 - - S Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides 2005 7 - - - Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides 2006 60 Partial Ma S Brown Falcon Falco berigora 2006 77 - - S Australian Hobby Falco longipennis 2002 24 - - - Black Falcon Falco subniger 2006 11 - - - Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 2002 14 Partial - - Brolga Grus rubicunda 2008 132 - - - Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 2005 179 - - S Lewin's Rail Lewinia pectoralis pectoralis 1911 2 - Mi - Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 2001 6 - - - Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla palustris 1982 6 - Ma - Australian Spotted Crake Porzana fluminea 2001 11 - - - Spotless Crake Porzana tabuensis 1983 2 - Ma - Black-tailed Native-hen Gallinula ventralis 2002 11 - - - Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa 2005 70 - - S Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 2006 384 - - - Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis 1921 5 - - - Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 2006 65 - Ma - Red-necked Avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 2007 26 - Ma - Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 2007 16 - - - Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 1983 4 - Mi/Ma - Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 1982 1 - Mi/Ma - Red-capped Plover Charadrius ruficapillus 2007 101 - Ma - Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus 2006 24 - Mi/Ma - 118 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Black-fronted Dotterel Elseyornis melanops 2004 44 - - - Red-kneed Dotterel Erythrogonys cinctus 2001 12 - - - Banded Lapwing Vanellus tricolor 2002 25 - - - Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles 2007 378 - - S Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus 1984 3 - - - Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis australis 1982 3 - Mi/Ma - Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii 2003 27 - Mi/Ma - Little Curlew Numenius minutus 1987 2 - - - Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis 1988 1 - Mi/Ma - Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 1977 1 - Mi/Ma - Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 2001 20 - Mi/Ma - Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 1982 2 - Mi/Ma - Red Knot Calidris canutus 1983 1 - Mi/Ma - Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis 2006 83 - Mi/Ma - Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 1966 2 - Mi/Ma - White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis 1973 1 - - - Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 1987 5 - Mi/Ma - Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata 2002 70 - Mi/Ma - Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 2002 38 - Mi/Ma - Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis 1987 1 - Mi/Ma - Ruff Philomachus pugnax 1966 2 - Mi/Ma - Wilson's Phalarope Steganopus tricolor 1966 1 - Ma - Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 1987 3 - Mi/Ma - Painted Button-quail Turnix varia 1921 3 - - - Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax 1977 1 - - - Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella 1963 1 - Ma - Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena 2006 146 Partial - S Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica macrotarsa 2000 20 - Ma - Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2001 19 - Mi/Ma - Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus javanicus 2001 72 - Ma - White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 2002 3 - Mi/Ma - Crested Tern Thalaseus bergii 2001 1 - - - Pacific Gull Larus pacificus pacificus 2000 4 - Ma - 119 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Silver Gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae 2007 315 - Ma - Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus 2005 46 Total - S Galah Eolophus roseicapilla 2001 99 Total - S Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris 2001 40 Total - S Little Corella Cacatua sanguinea 1986 1 Total - - Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita 2001 92 Total - S Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus 1999 5 Total - - Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla 1982 1 - - - Purple-crowned Lorikeet Glossopsitta porphyrocephala 1999 5 Total - - Australian King-Parrot Alisterus scapularis 1999 2 Total - - Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans 2001 69 Total - - Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius 2001 58 Total - - Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus 2001 44 - - S Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus 1958 2 Partial - - Blue-winged Parrot Neophema chrysostoma 2008 24 Partial - - Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis 2000 11 - Ma S Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus 2000 13 - Ma - Pallid Cuckoo Cuculus pallidus 2001 16 - Ma - Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis 2001 11 - - - Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus 1981 1 - - - Powerful Owl Ninox strenua 1960 3 Total - - Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae 2001 14 Total Ma - Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae novaehollandiae 1995 1 Total - - Pacific Barn Owl Tyto javanica 1999 10 Partial - I Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea 1999 2 - - - Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae 2005 65 Total - - Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus 1998 7 Partial Ma - Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus 1999 2 - Mi/Ma - Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis 1931 1 Total Ma - White-throated Treecreeper Cormobates leucophaeus 2001 21 Total - - Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus 2001 2 - - - Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus 2001 104 - - S Southern Emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus 2006 1 - - - 120 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Rufous Bristlebird (Otways subsp.) Dasyornis broadbenti caryochrus 1984 2 - - - White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis 2000 17 - - - Striated Thornbill Acanthiza lineata 2001 24 - - S Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana 2001 6 - - - Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa 2007 103 - - S Buff-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza reguloides 1979 5 - - - Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla 2001 35 - - - Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus 1999 7 - - - Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus 2001 25 Partial - - Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris 2001 18 - - - Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops 2001 24 - - - Singing Honeyeater Lichenostomus virescens 1959 1 - - - White-eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis 2001 18 - - - White-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus 2005 76 - - S Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala 2001 59 - - S Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera 2002 15 - - - Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia 1982 2 - Mi - Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata 2005 83 - - S White-fronted Chat Epthianura albifrons 2006 76 - - - Crescent Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera 1998 8 - - - New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae 2005 28 - - S Brown-headed Honeyeater Melithreptus brevirostris 1980 7 - - - White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus 2001 18 - - - Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera 1998 7 - - - Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae 2001 63 - Ma S White-winged Triller Lalage sueurii 1979 2 - - - Crested Shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus 2001 1 - - - Olive Whistler Pachycephala olivacea 1980 2 - - - Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis 2001 25 - - - Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris 2001 20 - - - Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica 2005 68 Partial - H Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes 2007 4 - - S Masked Woodswallow Artamus personatus 1982 1 - - - 121 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey White-browed Woodswallow Artamus superciliosus 1998 3 - - - Dusky Woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus 1998 12 Partial - - Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus 2001 38 - - H Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen 2007 195 - - S Pied Currawong Strepera graculina 2001 15 - - - Grey Currawong Strepera versicolor 2001 16 - - - Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons 1977 2 - Mi/Ma - Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscarpa 2001 69 - - S Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys 2007 140 - - S Australian Raven Corvus coronoides 2005 46 - - H Forest Raven Corvus tasmanicus 1979 5 - Ma - Little Raven Corvus mellori 2007 91 - Ma S Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca 1978 2 - Mi/Ma - Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta 2000 26 - - - Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca 2006 162 - - S White-winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphos 1979 1 - - - Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans 2000 5 - - - Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang 2001 33 - - - Red-capped Robin Petroica goodenovii 1901 1 - - - Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea 2000 33 - - - Rose Robin Petroica rosea 1996 1 - - - Pink Robin Petroica rodinogaster 1978 2 - - - Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis 2001 26 - - - Horsfield's Bushlark Mirafra javanica 1996 8 - - - European Skylark* Alauda arvensis 2002 110 - - S Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis 2005 24 - - H Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus 2001 27 - Mi/Ma H Little Grassbird Megalurus gramineus 2001 17 - - H Rufous Songlark Cincloramphus mathewsi 1980 4 - - - Brown Songlark Cincloramphus cruralis 2002 15 - - - Silvereye Zosterops lateralis 2000 27 - Ma S Fairy Martin Hirundo ariel 2006 34 Partial - - Tree Martin Hirundo nigricans 2001 9 Total Ma - 122 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Bassian Thrush Zoothera lunulata 2001 5 - - - Common Blackbird* Turdus merula 2001 92 - - S Common Starling* Sturnus vulgaris 2005 149 Partial - S Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum 1998 1 - - - Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis 2001 24 - - S Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata 1941 1 - - - House Sparrow* Passer domesticus 2006 120 - - S Australasian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae 2006 82 - Ma S European Greenfinch* Carduelis chloris 2007 25 - - - European Goldfinch* Carduelis carduelis 2005 119 - - S Unidentified Teal Anas sp. 2005 3 - - - Domestic Goose* Anser anser 2002 6 - - - Domestic duck* Fam. Anatidae (Domestic Duck) 2000 6 - - S REPTILES Long neck tortoise Chelodina longicollis 1995 1 - - - Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar 2007 3 - - - Tree Dragon Amphibolurus muricatus 1923 1 Partial - - Large Striped Skink Ctenotus robustus 1997 1 - - - Cunningham's Skink Egernia cunninghami 1923 1 - - - Unidentified Skink Egernia sp. 2007 1 - - - Corangamite Water Skink Eulamprus tympanum marnieae 1997 8 - - - Garden Skink Lampropholis guichenoti 1923 2 - - - McCoy's Skink Nannoscincus maccoyi 1993 1 - - - Southern Grass Skink Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii 2002 3 - - - Tussock Skink Pseudemoia pagenstecheri 2007 10 - - - Eastern Three-lined Skink Bassiana duperreyi 1995 3 - - - Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua nigrolutea 1989 1 - - S Common Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua scincoides 2002 6 - - - Lowland Copperhead Austrelaps superbus 2001 7 - - - Tiger Snake Notechis scutatus 1989 1 - - S Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis 2001 3 - - - Little Whip Snake Suta flagellum 1979 2 - - - AMPHIBIANS 123 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Plains Froglet Crinia parinsignifera 1995 5 - - - Common Froglet Crinia signifera 2004 17 - - H Victorian Smooth Froglet Geocrinia victoriana 1979 11 - - - Pobblebonk Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii 1962 1 - - - Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii 2001 9 - - H Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis 2004 8 - - - Common Spadefoot Toad Neobatrachus sudelli 1997 3 - - - Southern Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata 1967 2 - - - Southern Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingii 2003 8 - - - Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis 2001 4 - - - FISH Short-finned Eel Anguilla australis 2002 29 - - - Broad-finned Galaxias Galaxias brevipinnis 1993 3 - - - Common Galaxias Galaxias maculatus 2002 12 - - - Mountain Galaxias Galaxias olidus 2000 22 - - - Spotted Galaxias Galaxias truttaceus 1993 12 - - - Australian Smelt Retropinna semoni 2002 16 - - - Brown Trout* Salmo trutta 2000 12 - - - Goldfish* Carassius auratus 2002 3 - - - Gambusia* Gambusia holbrooki 2000 2 - - - Carp* Cyprinus carpio 2000 2 - - - River Blackfish Gadopsis marmoratus 2000 18 - - - Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica 1931 1 - - - Southern Pygmy Perch Nannoperca australis 2007 36 - - - Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura 2000 2 - - - Redfin* Perca fluviatilis 2000 16 - - - Flat-headed Gudgeon Philypnodon grandiceps 2000 17 - - - Tupong Pseudaphritis urvillii 1999 1 - - - Tench* Tinca tinca 2000 5 - - - Yellowtail Scad Trachurus novaezelandiae 1991 8 - - - MUSSELS & CRUSTACEANS Common Freshwater Shrimp Paratya australiensis 2002 14 - - - Granular Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus cunicularius 2000 2 - - - 124 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Present Common name Scientific name record records Hollow use Mi/ Ma survey Otway Crayfish Geocharax gracilis 1993 5 - - - Southern Victorian Spiny Crayfish Euastacus yarraensis 2000 7 - - - Source: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DSE 2010b); Victorian Fauna Database (Viridans 2011b); PMST (SEWPaC 2011). 125 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 3.2 – Significant fauna species Table A3.2. Significant fauna previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area. Habitat characteristics of significant flora and fauna species previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area, or that may potentially occur within the study area were assessed to determine their likelihood of occurrence. The likelihood of occurrence rankings for each of the threatened species are: • Known resident in the study area based on site observations, database records, or expert advice; and/or, 1 High Likelihood • Recent records (i.e. within five years) of the species in the local area (VBA 2011); and/or, • The study area contains the species’ preferred habitat. • The species is likely to visit the study area regularly (i.e. at least seasonally); and/or, 2 Moderate Likelihood • Previous records of the species in the local area (VBA 2011); and/or, • The study area contains some characteristics of the species’ preferred habitat. • The species is likely to visit the study area occasionally or opportunistically whilst en route to more suitable sites; and/or, 3 Low Likelihood • There are only limited or historical records of the species in the local area (i.e. more than 20 years old); and/or, • The study area contains few or no characteristics of the species’ preferred habitat. • No previous records of the species in the local area; and/or, • The species may fly over the study area when moving between areas of more suitable habitat; and/or, 4 Unlikely • Out of the species’ range; and/or, • No suitable habitat present. EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) DSE Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2007); Advisory List of Threatened Invertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2009) NAP National Action Plan (Cogger et al 1993; Duncan et al. 1999; Garnet and Crowley 2000; Lee 1995; Maxwell et al. 1996; Sands and New 2002; Tyler 1997) EX Extinct DD Data deficient (insufficiently or poorly known RX Regionally extinct L Listed as threatened under FFG Act CR Critically endangered I Invalid or ineligible for listing under the FFG Act EN Endangered # Listed on the Protected Matters Search Tool VU Vulnerable * Additional information from the Victorian Fauna Database RA Rare NT Near threatened CD Conservation dependent LC least concern 126 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Likely use of Common name Scientific name record records EPBC DSE FFG NAP study area NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE #Spot-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus maculatus 1970 4 EN EN L VU 4 # Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus - - EN NT NT 4 Eastern Barred Bandicoot Perameles gunnii 1949 40 EN CR L CR 4 # Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus - - VU EN L VU 4 # New Holland Mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae - - VU VU L - 4 # Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus - - EN CR L RA 4 # Common Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassani - - CE EN L CD 4 #Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus 2004 2 VU VU L VU 3 Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur 2000 2 VU VU - - 4 #Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 2000 4 EN EN L VU 4 Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus 1984 3 VU CR L EN 4 #Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis australis 1982 3 VU CR L VU 4 # Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor - - EN EN L EN 4 # Fairy Tern Sternula nereis - - VU EN L - 4 Rufous Bristlebird (Otways subsp.) Dasyornis broadbenti caryochrus 1984 2 - NT L VU 4 #Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia 1982 2 EN CR L EN 4 #Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar 2007 3 VU EN L VU 4 #Corangamite Water Skink Eulamprus tympanum marnieae 1997 8 EN CR L - 4 #Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis 2001 4 VU EN L VU 1 # Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena - - VU VU L VU 2 # Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla - - VU VU L VU 4 Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica 1931 1 EN EN L DD 1 Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura 2000 2 VU NT L VU 4 # Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana - - CR EN L - 4 STATE SIGNIFICANCE Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris 1969 2 - - L LC 4 Common Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii GROUP 1999 1 - - L CD 4 Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata 1996 13 - NT L - 4 Musk Duck Biziura lobata 2006 162 - VU - - 3 Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa 2005 61 - EN L - 3 Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis 2006 184 - VU - - 3 127 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Likely use of Common name Scientific name record records EPBC DSE FFG NAP study area Hardhead Aythya australis 2006 138 - VU - - 3 Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis 2006 62 - EN L - 3 Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta 2006 145 - VU L - 3 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia 2000 2 - CR L - 2 Little Egret Egretta garzetta nigripes 2002 2 - EN L - 3 Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia 2003 39 - VU - - 3 White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 2000 1 - VU L - 3 Accipiter novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk novaehollandiae 2006 32 - VU L - 3 Black Falcon Falco subniger 2006 11 - VU - - 3 Brolga Grus rubicunda 2008 132 - VU L - 3 Lewin's Rail Lewinia pectoralis pectoralis 1911 2 - VU L NT 3 Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla palustris 1982 6 - VU L - 3 Australian Bustard Ardeotis australis 1921 5 - CR L NT 4 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 1977 1 - VU - - 4 Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax 1977 1 - VU L - 4 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica macrotarsa 2000 20 - EN L - 4 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2001 19 - NT L - 4 Powerful Owl Ninox strenua 1960 3 - VU L - 4 Tyto novaehollandiae Masked Owl novaehollandiae 1995 1 - EN L NT 4 Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata 1941 1 - VU L NT 4 Southern Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata 1967 2 - VU - - 4 Otway Crayfish Geocharax gracilis 1993 5 - EN - - 4 REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Fat-tailed Dunnart Sminthopsis crassicaudata 1998 6 - NT - - 4 Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora australis 1979 3 - NT - - 4 Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2006 9 - NT - - 3 Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 2006 40 - NT - - 3 Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus hillii 2002 13 - NT - - 4 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2002 3 - NT - - 3 Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis 1980 3 - NT - - 3 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 1983 4 - NT - - 4 128 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Last Total # of documented documented Likely use of Common name Scientific name record records EPBC DSE FFG NAP study area Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 1982 1 - NT - - 4 Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii 2003 27 - NT - - 3 Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis 1988 1 - NT - - 4 Red Knot Calidris canutus 1983 1 - NT - - 4 Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 1966 2 - NT - - 4 Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 1987 5 - NT - - 4 Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella 1963 1 - NT - - 4 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus javanicus 2001 72 - NT - - 4 White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 2002 3 - NT - - 4 Pacific Gull Larus pacificus pacificus 2000 4 - NT - - 4 Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea 1999 2 - NT - - 4 River Blackfish Gadopsis marmoratus 2000 18 - DD - - 2 Source: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (2010); SEWPaC (2011). 129 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Appendix 4 – Scattered Tree Assessment Results Table A4.1. Scattered trees recorded within the study area Tree Hollows Species Bioregion Tree Size DBH (cm) Latitude Longitude Number Present 1 River Red‐gum VVP VLOT 163cm ‐38.24210 143.99100 Yes 2 Manna Gum OP LOT 85cm ‐38.31200 143.71200 Yes 3 Manna Gum OP ST 40cm ‐38.31190 143.71200 4 Manna Gum OP ST 19cm ‐38.31190 143.71200 5 Dead OP MOT 69cm ‐38.31240 143.70800 Yes 6 Manna Gum OP LOT 78cm ‐38.31260 143.70800 Yes 7 Manna Gum OP MOT 69cm ‐38.31250 143.70800 Yes 8 Manna Gum OP LOT 88cm ‐38.31270 143.70800 Yes 9 Dead OP MOT 60cm ‐38.31280 143.70800 Yes 10 Manna Gum OP VLOT 112cm ‐38.31280 143.70800 Yes 11 Swamp Gum OP VLOT 140cm ‐38.31280 143.70700 Yes 12 Manna Gum OP LOT 75cm ‐38.31220 143.70800 Yes 13 Swamp Gum OP LOT 84cm ‐38.31250 143.69800 Yes 15 Manna Gum OP LOT 91cm ‐38.31270 143.69600 16 Drooping Sheoak OP LOT 45cm ‐38.31230 143.69500 17 Drooping Sheoak OP MOT 31cm ‐38.31230 143.69500 18 Drooping Sheoak OP ST 25cm ‐38.31220 143.69500 19 Manna Gum OP LOT 86cm ‐38.31090 143.71400 20 Manna Gum OP ST 28cm ‐38.31090 143.71400 21 Manna Gum OP ST 38cm ‐38.31100 143.71400 Notes: Bioregion: VVP = Victorian Volcanic Plain, OP = Otway Plain. Tree Size: VLOT = Very Large Old Tree; LOT = Large Old Tree; MOT = Medium Old Tree; ST = Small Tree. 130 Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment of the Princess Highway, Winchelsea to Colac Attachment 3 Targeted Growling Grass Frog (Litoria raniformis) Survey Report FINAL REPORT: Targeted Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Surveys, Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria PREPARED FOR: VicRoads May 2012 Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd HEAD OFFICE: 420 Victoria Street, Brunswick VIC 3056 MELBOURNE: PO Box 298, Brunswick VIC 3056 GEELONG: PO Box 8048, Newtown VIC 3220 Table of Contents Summary ...... 5 1 Introduction ...... 7 1.1 Background...... 7 1.2 Scope of Assessment ...... 7 1.3 Study Area ...... 7 1.4 Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis...... 8 2 Methods ...... 11 2.1 Nomenclature...... 11 2.2 Desktop Assessment ...... 11 2.3 Targeted Surveys...... 11 2.3.1 Nocturnal surveys...... 11 2.3.2 Diurnal surveys ...... 12 2.3.3 Habitat assessment...... 12 2.4 Assessment Limitations ...... 13 3 Results ...... 14 3.1 Previous records ...... 14 3.2 Targeted surveys ...... 14 3.3 Habitat assessment...... 15 3.3.1 Birregurra Creek...... 15 3.3.2 Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve ...... 16 3.3.3 Drainage Lines...... 16 3.3.4 Artificial Waterbodies ...... 16 4 Legislative and Policy Implications...... 18 4.1 Legislative and Policy Implications...... 18 4.2 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999...... 18 4.3 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988...... 19 4.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 ...... 19 5 Potential Impacts and Mitigation measures...... 21 6 Conclusion...... 22 Plates ...... 23 Figures...... 28 Appendices ...... 37 References ...... 44 2 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Tables Table 1. Habitat quality rating for creeks, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines within the study area...... 13 Table 2: Summary table of weather conditions during Growling Grass Frog surveys...... 15 Table 3. Threatening processes under the FFG Act potentially applicable to the proposed works...... 19 Table A1.1. Defining Habitat Quality...... 38 Table A2.1. Amphibian species recorded during the present surveys and within 10 kilometres of the study area...... 39 Table A3.1. Summary results of habitat assessments within the study area...... 40 Table A3.2. Water Quality/In-situ Horiba results for habitat assessments within the study area...... 43 3 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Acknowledgments We thank the following people and government agencies for their contribution to the project. Andrew Pepplinkhouse and Tarek Sheikh (VicRoads) for report comments and project information. Di Crowther (The Department of Sustainability and Environment – Arthur Rylah Institute), Donna Smithyman (Corangamite Catchment Management Authority) and Claire Dennis (Landowner – Birregurra) for information on Growling Grass Frog records near the study area. Landowners for site access. The Department of Sustainability and Environment for access to ecological databases and other information. Cover Photo: View of a waterbody located along Birregurra Road within the study area, Birregurra, Victoria (Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). The following Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd employees either undertook the field assessments and/or contributed to the preparation of this report: Andrew Taylor, Kim Weston, Mark Stockdale and Robyn Giles. Project #3645 4 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria SUMMARY Introduction Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was commissioned by VicRoads to undertake targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis as part of the Princes Highway road duplication project between Winchelsea and Colac, Victoria. Methods Nocturnal surveys for Growling Grass Frog were undertaken between 7 and 15 December 2011, in accordance with the Department of Sustainability and Environment’s Biodiversity Precinct Structure Planning Kit guidelines. Targeted surveys focused on areas of moderate to high quality Growling Grass Frog habitat within Birregurra Creek, the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve and waterbodies/drainage lines. Surveys included call identification and active searching for metamorphs. A diurnal Growling Grass Frog survey and habitat assessment was undertaken on 6 December 2011 in accordance with the Biodiversity Precinct Structure Planning Kit guidelines, to document habitat data including in-situ water quality, the presence of fish and levels of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. The Victorian Biodiversity Atlas and Atlas of Victorian Wildlife were used to obtain previous Growling Grass Frog records in the local area. Relevant discussions with landowners, local community groups and government authorities (Department of Sustainability and Environment and Corangamite Catchment Management Authority) were also undertaken to obtain additional information on Growling Grass Frog throughout the local area. Results Three Growling Grass Frogs were recorded within two waterbodies during targeted surveys. The study area also comprises several waterbodies with suitable foraging, dispersal and breeding habitat for the species. Recent surveys by the Department of Sustainability and Environment within proximity to the study area also recorded a number of individuals, and there is a high likelihood that the species would use suitable habitat (including Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines) adjoining the study area as breeding or dispersal habitat. Based on the results of the targeted survey, habitat assessment and additional recent records in within the local area, there is a high likelihood that an extant population resides in proximity to the study area throughout Birregurra Creek and within waterbodies on private property. 5 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Recommendations It is recommended that an Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister be prepared to determine the potential impacts on matters of National Environmental Significance (i.e. habitat for Growling Grass Frog) from future development of the study area. A Growling Grass Frog Conservation Management Plan may also be required as part of the proposed development (pending consultation between VicRoads and DSE, and the outcome of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 referral). If the future development requires the direct removal, salvage, temporary holding or translocation of any terrestrial fauna species (including birds, mammals, frogs and reptiles), then an additional ‘Management Authorisation’ permit may be required under the Wildlife Act 1975 by the proponent. Appropriate mitigation measures should be implemented to minimise any potential impacts to Growling Grass Frog habitat values present within the study area. 6 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was commissioned by VicRoads to undertake targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis for the Princes Highway duplication project between Winchelsea and Colac, Victoria (Figure 1). Previous habitat assessments by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd (2011) identified potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog at fourteen waterbodies and two drainage lines, as well as at Birregurra Creek and the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve. VicRoads requires the targeted surveys to ascertain the likely occurrence of Growling Grass Frog within the study area, and to ensure that appropriate mitigation measures minimise potential impacts to Growling Grass Frog habitat during the construction of the proposed Princes Highway duplication project. 1.2 Scope of Assessment The objectives of the assessment were to: Review of relevant environmental databases and available literature; Undertake targeted surveys for Growling Grass Frog by two experienced Zoologists over two nights during the species active period (October – December); Determine the current status of Growling Grass Frog, its distribution and (if possible) population size, the relative importance of habitats, and the significance of the population in the study area (if present); Provide information in relation to any implications of Commonwealth and State environmental legislation and Government policy associated with the proposed development; Liaise with relevant landowners, local community groups and government authorities (Department of Sustainability and Environment and Corangamite Catchment Management Authority) to obtain additional information on Growling Grass Frog throughout the local area; and, Provide advice on mitigation measures that may be undertaken to avoid and/or mitigate against potential adverse impacts on significant fauna values. 1.3 Study Area The Princes Highway duplication is located between Lennox Street, Winchelsea to the Geelong - Warrnambool Railway Line, Colac, Victoria (Figure 1). The study area extends for approximately 36 kilometres in length, and comprises the road reserve on both sides of the Princes Highway and areas of privately owned land approximately 75 metres either side of the existing Right of Way. 7 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria The topography within the study area varies from the relatively flat plains east of Warncoort, to gently undulating topography to the west. Areas of private land throughout the study area predominately comprise of agricultural land used for pasture and crops. Two waterways, Birregurra Creek and Barwon River, also occur within the study area as well as numerous artificial waterbodies (i.e. farm dams). The majority of the land within study area and the immediate surrounds have been subject to modification through agricultural use. Current land use includes agriculture (cropping and grazing) within areas of private land. The majority of native vegetation throughout the study area and surrounds has been cleared or modified as a result of previous land use activities and remnant vegetation is generally restricted to roadside reserves. According to the Department of Sustainability and Environment’s (DSE) Biodiversity Interactive Map the study area occurs within the Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) and Otway Plain bioregions (DSE 2011). The study area also falls within the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority and the Surf Coast Shire and Colac Otway Shire municipalities (Figure 1). The majority of study area is zoned as Road Zone – Category 1 (RDZ1) within the road reserves, and areas of private land are zoned Farming Zone (FZ). The area surrounding Birregurra Creek and the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve (adjacent to Ayreys Road) is zoned as Public Conservation and Resource Zone (PCRZ), and the Geelong – Colac railway reserve is zoned as Public Use Zone – Schedule 4 (PUZ4) (DPCD 2011). Several sites within the study area are subject to Environmental Significance Overlays (DPCD 2011). The area surrounding the Barwon River is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 1 (ESO1); The Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 4 (ESO4); The floodplain of Birregurra Creek, west of McDonnells Road, is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 4 (ESO4); and, An area surrounding Lake Colac, bounded by Colac-Ballarat Road to the east and Flaxmill Road/Princess Highway to the south, is subject to Environmental Significance Overlay – Schedule 1 (ESO1). 1.4 Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act, listed as Threatened under the FFG Act and Endangered on the Advisory List for Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2007), and Vulnerable in the National Action Plan for Australian Frogs (Tyler 1997). 8 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Growling Grass Frog is a large green frog (females may exceed 100 millimetres) varying in colour from olive to emerald green (and sometimes dark brown) with a distinctive tympanum (ear membrane). The dorsum (back) is warty with short skin folds, with irregular bronze/ gold or brown coloured blotches (Cogger 1996) (Plate 1). The coarsely granular underside is generally off-white and the posterior of the thighs and groin are turquoise (Barker et al. 1995) (Plate 1). Plate 1 Growling Grass Frog (Source: Aaron Organ - Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Although formally widely distributed across south eastern Australia, including Tasmania (Littlejohn 1963; 1982; Hero et al. 1991), the species has declined markedly across much of its former range due to native vegetation clearance, agricultural intensification and grazing, and development of terrestrial and aquatic habitats (DEWHA 2009b). The resulting restriction of opportunities for dispersal, breeding and colonisation of adjacent areas of suitable habitat due to habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation has contributed to the species decline (DEWHA 2009a). This has been most evident over the past two decades and in many areas, particularly in south and central Victoria, populations have experienced apparent declines and local extinctions (Mahoney 1999). This species is largely associated with permanent or semi-permanent still or slow flowing waterbodies (i.e. streams, lagoons, farm dams and old quarry sites) (Hero et al. 1991; Barker et al. 1995; Cogger 1996; Ashworth 1998). Frogs can also utilise temporarily inundated waterbodies for breeding purposes providing they contain water for at least three to four months over the breeding season (DEWHA 2009a). Based on previous investigations, there is a strong correlation between the presence of the species and key habitat attributes at a given waterbody. For example, the species is typically associated with waterbodies supporting extensive cover of emergent, submerged and floating vegetation (Robertson et al. 2002). Emergent vegetation provides basking sites for frogs and protection from predators, while floating vegetation provides suitable calling stages for adult males, and breeding and oviposition (egg deposition) 9 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria sites. Terrestrial vegetation (grasses, sedges), rocks and other ground debris around wetland perimeters also provide foraging, dispersal and over-wintering sites for frogs (Pyke 2002). Additionally, waterbodies located within 300–500 metres of each other, which support key habitat characteristics, are more likely to support a Growling Grass Frog population, compared to isolated sites lacking important habitat features (Hamer and Organ 2008). Recent studies indicate that the spatial orientation of waterbodies across the landscape is an important habitat determinant influencing presence of the species at a given site (Robertson et al. 2002; Hamer and Organ 2008; Heard et al. 2010). Growling Grass Frog has been observed foraging more than 100 metres from wetland habitat (A. Organ, pers. obs.), highlighting the need for suitable buffers around waterbodies when considering habitat conservation. 10 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 2 METHODS 2.1 Nomenclature The names of terrestrial vertebrate fauna (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) follow the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (VBA) (2010). 2.2 Desktop Assessment The following resources and databases were reviewed: Atlas of Victorian Wildlife (AVW) and VBA databases for Growling Grass Frog records within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area; Information relating to matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) (listed taxa and ecological communities) protected under the EPBC Act was obtained from the Protected Matters Search Tool (SEWPaC 2011); Planning Schemes Online to ascertain current zoning and environmental overlays (DPCD 2011); Relevant discussions with landowners, local community groups and government authorities (DSE and Corangamite Catchment Management Authority) to obtain additional information on Growling Grass Frog throughout the local area; and, Relevant environmental legislation and policies. 2.3 Targeted Surveys Targeted surveys were undertaken to investigate if an extant population of the species is present within and/or immediately surrounding the study area to inform any future planning approvals. 2.3.1 Nocturnal surveys Nocturnal surveys for Growling Grass Frog were undertaken on 7 and 15 December 2011 in accordance with the Biodiversity Precinct Structure Planning Kit guidelines (DSE 2010). Targeted surveys focused on Birregurra Creek, the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve and waterbodies/drainage lines within the study area considered to be of moderate to high quality habitat value for Growling Grass Frog (Table 1). Surveys included call identification and active searching for metamorphs. Weather conditions were appropriate, with day air temperatures exceeding 15°C, and night temperatures greater than 12°C. A known reference site located within a retarding basin adjacent to the City of Greater Geelong Works Operation Centre (Melways: Map 431 F12), was visited to indicate if Growling Grass Frog were active during nocturnal surveys. 11 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Nocturnal surveys involved quiet listening at each waterbody (Figures 2a–2f), recordings of the advertisement call of a male Growling Grass Frog were played back several times to elicit a response from any adult males present. Afterwards, surveyors listened for any response from calling male Growling Grass Frog. On completion of call play-back, surveyors used 30 Watt, 12 volt hand-held spotlights to search for any frogs on the margins or surface of the survey locations and in areas of emergent or floating vegetation. The accessible terrestrial habitat surrounding each waterbody was searched using spotlights and overturning any suitable ground debris. All frog species observed or heard calling were recorded to inform the suitability of the study area for breeding frogs. 2.3.2 Diurnal surveys Targeted diurnal surveys were also undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Precinct Structure Planning Kit (DSE 2010), across the study area on 6 December 2011. A Zoologist walked throughout areas of potentially suitable habitat within the study area, searching for frogs basking or resting on vegetation in or beside the water, and listening for any frogs entering the water when disturbed. Active searching of vegetation and moveable debris was undertaken by looking for any frogs within, or beneath structures. 2.3.3 Habitat assessment A diurnal habitat assessment undertaken on 6 December 2011 to record in situ water quality, the presence of fish and levels of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, in accordance with the DSE guidelines (2010). All in situ water quality data was collected using a calibrated Horiba™ multi-probe and meter for the following parameters: dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature. Turbidity was recorded using an ‘A Hach - Portable Turbidimeter (Model 2100P)’. Based on previous habitat assessments undertaken by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd (2011), the study area supports numerous artificial waterbodies (farm dams), creeklines, and drainage lines with varying levels of fringing, submerged and emergent vegetation, which are likely to provide potentially suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog (Figures 2a–2f). However, based on more detailed diurnal habitat assessments, several waterbodies were reassessed based on the levels of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation or water quality, accordingly their quality ratings were updated (see Table 1). Overall, habitat areas within the study area were summarised into two main categories based on their habitat suitability. High to Moderate Quality Habitat: Sites with high quality habitat contained a significant cover of native aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and good water quality. Sites with moderate quality habitat contained a moderate to high cover of aquatic vegetation but were smaller in area whilst also having poorer water quality. 12 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Low Quality Habitat: Low quality habitat areas contained low levels of aquatic and semi- aquatic vegetation and low water quality, with some level of grazing or disturbance evident around the perimeter. These sites have a low probability of being used by significant fauna species for breeding, foraging and refuge. As the majority of waterbodies within the study area were of low quality and unsuitable for Growling Grass Frog, targeted surveys focused on Birregurra Creek, the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve and waterbodies considered to be of high to moderate quality and/or drainage lines surrounded by native vegetation which were considered to provide potentially suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog (Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd 2011) (Table 1). Table 1. Habitat quality rating for creeks, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines within the study area. Habitat Quality Rating Habitat Identification Number (see Figures 2a - 2c) High 41 (BC) 45 (LA) 52a(i) 52(ii) D/L 26a 38a 12D/L 19a 30a 46a 51a 58a 61a Medium 66a 67a Low 11a 13a 47a Note: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA = Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; D/L = Drainage line; a = Artificial Waterbodies. 2.4 Assessment Limitations Targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys were undertaken by two experienced ecologists in suitable climatic conditions (i.e. calm, mild, over 15ºC), during the active period (October to February). The survey effort was consistent with the methods recommended by DSE and SEWPaC (DEWHA 2009a, 2009b; DSE 2010; Heard et al. 2010). A known Growling Grass Frog reference site located at the City of Greater Geelong Works Operation Centre was also used to ensure that frogs were calling prior to each nocturnal survey. It should be noted that several survey locations were immediately adjacent to the Princes Highway, and high level of background noise was encountered during the surveys. This may have reduced the ability to locate and estimate frog abundances. This notwithstanding, the survey effort was consistent with the standards provided within recommended survey guidelines, and therefore the results of the habitat assessments and targeted survey is considered appropriate to meet the objectives of this assessment. Fauna surveys were conducted under the Ecology and Heritage Partners research permit (#10005952) issued by DSE under the Wildlife Act 1975. 13 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 3 RESULTS 3.1 Previous records The VBA (2010) contains four previous records (across three sites) of Growling Grass Frog within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area (Figure 3). The most recent Growling Grass Frog record was in 2001, within a waterbody located approximately 10 kilometres south of the study area (VBA 2010) (Figure 3). Di Crowther’s (Arthur Rylah Institute) provided an additional nine records within one kilometre of the study area, following recent targeted surveys for Growling Grass Frog within the local area (Figure 3). These sites included waterbodies and drainage lines on private property and Birregurra Creek, including waterbody 38a (within the study area) (Figure 2d; Figure 3). Growling Grass Frog has also been detected within Birregurra Creek and artificial waterbodies and/or ephemeral wetlands located on private land within the near vicinity of the study area (Claire Dennis, pers. comm.; Donna Smithyman, Corangamite CMA, pers. comm.) (Figure 3). Given the proximity of these records, extant populations are considered important for the long-term persistence of the species throughout the local area. It is likely that Growling Grass Frog uses large permanent waterbodies located within private property during drier summer months (i.e. January and February) when ephemeral drainage lines and/or sections of Birregurra Creek dry out. During suitable environmental conditions (i.e. extended rainfall), Birregurra Creek is likely to be used as a dispersal route throughout the local area. 3.2 Targeted surveys Three male Growling Grass Frogs were heard calling during nocturnal surveys within waterbodies 38a and 26a. Call-playback was used to instigate a response from Growling Grass Frog in waterbodies 38a and 26a (Figure 3). An additional six male Growling Grass Frogs were heard calling on 7 December 2011 within waterbodies located on private property east of Birregurra Road, approximately 150 metres south of the Princes Highway. Growling Grass Frogs were also heard calling west of Conns Lane in a single waterbody, approximately 100 metres south of the Princes Highway and throughout Birregurra Creek (east of Conns Lane), approximately 300 metres south of the Princes Highway. No additional Growling Grass Frogs were detected or heard calling in the remaining waterbodies within or adjacent to the study area. Four locally common frog species (Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Pobblebonk Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii, Southern Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingii and Common Froglet Crinia signifera), were heard calling during both the diurnal and nocturnal surveys (Appendix 2.1). 14 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Weather conditions during targeted surveys were suitable for Growling Grass Frog to be active and calling during both the diurnal and nocturnal surveys; where air temperatures exceeded 15oC during the day and 12oC at night (DEWHA 2009a, 2009b; DSE 2010; Heard et al. 2010) (Table 2). Table 2: Summary table of weather conditions during Growling Grass Frog surveys Starting Air Relative Cloud Wind Moon Date Time Temperature Humidity Cover General Conditions o (0-4) (stages) (24hr) ( C) (%) (Octas) Warm, slightly 06/12/11 10:00 23 60 3/8 2 N/A overcast and light breeze 07/12/11 21:00 17 60 0/8 0 1/2 full Cool, calm, clear Full 15/11/11 21:00 15 50 0/8 0 Cool, calm, clear moon 3.3 Habitat assessment The habitat assessment and water quality results for each waterbody is outlined below and summarised in Appendices 3.1 and 3.2. 3.3.1 Birregurra Creek Birregurra Creek varies between 5–15 metres in width, averaging up to five metres in most sections. Habitat south of the Princes Highway contained a low cover of aquatic and semi- aquatic vegetation within the creek; however, there were areas of semi-aquatic vegetation along the banks that would be occasionally inundated (Plate 2). Sections north of the Princes Highway contained some key habitat attributes within the creek including the presence of emergent aquatic vegetation such as Common Reed Phragmites australis (Plate 3). While water levels were relatively low (<0.5 metres) at the time of the assessment, semi- aquatic and emergent vegetation is likely to provide excellent refuge and potential foraging habitat during favourable conditions (i.e. extended rainfall) (Plate 3). The surrounding banks contained exotic pasture grasses and/or areas of rocky substrate (i.e. under the bridge crossing), which may also provide potentially suitable refuge for Growling Grass Frog during inactive periods (i.e. winter months). Overall, this section of Birregurra Creek is unlikely to support suitable breeding habitat; however, it may provide refuge and foraging habitat while dispersing between preferred habitats (i.e. permanent waterbodies north of the bridge crossing) (Plate 3). Growling Grass Frog was not detected within Birregurra Creek; however, there was evidence of other frog species breeding during the surveys (i.e. the presence of frog eggs) (Appendix 3.1). 15 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 3.3.2 Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve The Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve is a large ephemeral wetland which is approximately 400 metres long and 350 metres wide (Plates 4 and 5), located directly south of the Princes Freeway and west of Ayreys Reserve Road, Birregurra (Appendix 3.1). Grasses, small sedges (not exceeding one metre in height) and herbs dominated the vegetation within the Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve. Areas that are more likely to be consistently inundated also included semi-aquatic vegetation such as Water Ribbon Triglochin procera. Vegetation within the wetland was typically species-rich along the margins but is species-poor in the wetter central areas. While the majority of the wetland is ephemeral and likely to dry out over summer, given the high cover of emergent and submerged vegetation (subject to extended rainfall), this habitat may provide temporary refuge or foraging resources for Growling Grass Frog during favourable conditions or during dispersal. 3.3.3 Drainage Lines Two drainage channels intersect the proposed alignment. Habitat location 52(ii) is considered to provide high quality habitat for Growling Grass Frog as there is an extensive cover of fringing aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation and suitable refuge sites along the banks (Plate 7). While no Growling Grass Frog were detected, the proximity to Birregurra Creek indicates that Growling Grass Frog may use this habitat for breeding, foraging or refuge purposes. At the time of the assessment, habitat location 12 was dry and unlikely to support suitable breeding habitat (Plate 9). However, given the high cover of emergent and fringing vegetation, this habitat may act as a potential dispersal corridor between preferred habitats within the local area after extended rainfall. The surrounding vegetation was predominantly exotic pasture grasses that were slashed at the time of the surveys. 3.3.4 Artificial Waterbodies Fourteen artificial waterbodies were considered to provide potential suitable habitat for Growling Grass Frog (Appendix 3.1). Three male Growling Grass Frog were heard calling during nocturnal surveys within waterbodies 38a and 26a. Waterbody 51a(i) provides high quality habitat, as it contains adequate cover of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and good water quality (Plate 6) (Appendix 3.1). This waterbody is likely to have once formed a continuation of the drainage line (52ii); however, a cattle underpass has now been built under the road directly between the two habitat locations. Given the proximity to Birregurra Creek, Growling Grass Frog may use this habitat for breeding, foraging or refuge purposes. 16 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Waterbody 26a provides high quality habitat although contained a lower cover of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation when compared with waterbody 38a, this site contained suitable habitat characteristics with adequate levels of submerged vegetation and good water quality (Plate 12) (Appendix 3.1). Waterbody 38a provides high quality habitat with a high cover (>60%) of native aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, and good water quality (Plate 14) (Appendix 3.1). This habitat is likely to be used by Growling Grass Frog for breeding, foraging and refuge purposes. The remaining waterbodies contained varying levels of emergent macrophytes and aquatic vegetation, with few including refuge sites such as logs or rocks. The surrounding vegetation throughout the study area typically comprises introduced pasture grass or crops, and no other waterbodies within the study area contained adequate (i.e. clear) water quality (Appendix 3.1). No Growling Grass Frogs were detected in the remaining waterbodies during targeted surveys; however, there was evidence of other frog species breeding within several waterbodies during the surveys. For example, waterbodies 19a, 58a, 66a and 67a contained frog eggs within emergent and fringing vegetation (Appendix 3.1). Waterbodies 19a, 51a, 58a, 66a and 67a provide moderate quality habitat for Growling Grass Frog and may be used for foraging, dispersal and breeding habitat. While there were variations in the size, depth and turbidity levels between waterbodies throughout the study area, water quality parameters were considered to be typical for this catchment (Appendix 3.2). Turbidity levels also fluctuated between waterbodies as indicated by the in-situ water quality results, with water readings >40 NTU considered to be turbid (Appendix 3.2). 17 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 4 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 4.1 Legislative and Policy Implications This section identifies biodiversity policy and legislation relevant to the proposed development, and principally addresses the: Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 4.2 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The EPBC Act establishes a Commonwealth process for assessment of proposed actions that are likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES), or on Commonwealth land. An action (i.e. project, development, undertaking, activity, or series of activities), unless otherwise exempt, requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if they are considered likely to have an impact on any matters of NES. An action requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if it will, or if it is likely to, have a significant impact on an endangered or critically endangered species, or on an ‘important population’ or critical habitat of a listed vulnerable species. This includes Growling Grass Frog listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. Growling Grass Frog were recorded within the study area (in two artificial waterbodies) during the targeted surveys. The study area also comprises several moderate quality waterbodies with suitable foraging, dispersal and breeding habitat for the species. Recent surveys by DSE within proximity to the study area also recorded a number of individuals, and there is a high likelihood that the species would use suitable habitat (including Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines) adjoining the study area as breeding or dispersal habitat. Implications for the proposed development It is recommended that an EPBC Act referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister be prepared to determine the potential impacts on Growling Grass Frog from the proposed Princes Highway development within the study area. A Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for Growling Grass Frog may also be required as part of the proposed development (pending consultation between VicRoads and DSE, and the outcome of the EPBC Act referral). 18 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 4.3 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 The primary legislation for the protection of flora and fauna in Victoria is the FFG Act. The Act builds on broader national and international policy in the conservation of biodiversity. The broad objectives of the FFG Act are to: 1) ensure native flora and fauna survive, flourish and maintain in situ evolutionary potential, 2) manage threatening processes, 3) encourage the conserving of flora and fauna through cooperative community endeavours, and 4) establish a regulatory structure for the conservation of flora and fauna in Victoria. The Act contains protection procedures such as the listing of threatened species and/or communities of flora and fauna, and the preparation of action statements to protect the long- term viability of these values. Several threatening processes currently listed under the FFG Act may occur as a result of the proposed works (Table 3). Table 3. Threatening processes under the FFG Act potentially applicable to the proposed works. Threatening process Development action Avoidance and/or minimisation The invasion of native vegetation by Soil disturbance and subsequent Control the spread of environmental and environmental weeds weed invasion into native noxious weeds within the study area. vegetation remnants within the Wash machinery prior to entering the sites study area, particularly where to remove weed seeds. Revegetate areas access tracks are created. of soil disturbance with indigenous plant species. Increase in sediment input into Direct disturbance of sediments Employ recognised and approved Victorian rivers and streams due to within the study area or in sediment retention measures to reduce the human activities waterbodies during construction input of land based sediments or the works. This may include runoff transfer of sediments to downstream from the construction of access aquatic habitats. Vehicles and plant tracks. equipment not to be stationed too close to the banks to prevent bank sloughing or collapsing of undercut banks. Input of toxic substances into Victorian Spillage of toxic substances such Avoid and contain any spills of potentially rivers and streams as diesel fuel, lubricants, oil, toxic substances using best practices. petroleum and other toxic Refuel machinery well away from the substances into aquatic habitats. stream. Implications for the proposed development Growling Grass Frog is listed as Threatened under the FFG Act; however, there are no FFG Act permit requirements for removal of habitat associated with this species. 4.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 The Wildlife Act 1975 is the primary legislation in Victoria providing for protection and management of wildlife. 19 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria The Act requires people engaged in wildlife research (e.g. fauna surveys, salvage and translocation activities) to obtain a permit under the Act to ensure that these activities are undertaken in a manner consistent with the appropriate controls. The Wildlife Act 1975 has the following objectives: To establish procedures for the promotion of protection and conservation of wildlife, the prevention of species extinctions, and the sustainable use and access to wildlife; and, To prohibit and regulate the conduct of those involved in wildlife related activities. Wildlife Regulations 2002 The objectives of the Wildlife Regulations are: To make further provision in relation to the licensing system established by section 22 of the Wildlife Act 1975; To prescribe fees, offences, royalties and various other matters for the purposes of the Wildlife Act 1975; and, To provide for exemptions from certain provisions of the Wildlife Act 1975. Implications for the proposed development While a permit will be required for removal of habitat within the study area, this could be in the form of a permit to remove native vegetation under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Consequently, a separate permit to remove fauna for this project under either the Wildlife Act 1975 or the Wildlife Regulations 2002 is unlikely to be required if a permit under the Planning and Environment Act 1987 is obtained. However, any permit under the Wildlife Act 1975 will need to be discussed with DSE and is likely to be dependent upon the following: Current VicRoads permits and approvals and the extent of consultation and involvement with DSE; and, Extent of salvage and translocation that may be undertaken as part of the proposed development. If the future development requires the direct removal, salvage, temporary holding or translocation of any terrestrial fauna species (including birds, mammals, frogs and reptiles), then an additional ‘Management Authorisation’ permit will be required. This applies to all native species, not just those listed under Federal or State legislation. 20 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The proposed development is likely to have a localised impact on indigenous fauna species habitats, within an otherwise modified landscape. Three Growling Grass Frogs were recorded at two waterbodies during targeted surveys. Future development of the study area potential to impact on several high and moderate quality creeks, waterbodies and drainage lines containing suitable breeding, foraging and dispersal habitat for Growling Grass Frog. Measures to mitigate/ameliorate potential impacts on habitat values in the study area include: All works should adhere with VicRoads standard contract clauses for Environmental Management, which will include the development of a CEMP, measures for weed management and the control of sedimentation and erosion within the study area; Adopt best practice sediment control measures to protect in-stream habitat. Management practices and construction techniques should be consistent with Construction Techniques for Sediment Pollution Control (EPA 1991) and Environmental Guidelines for Major Construction Sites (EPA 1996); Implement appropriate mitigation measures (where possible) to reduce the potential spread of infectious pathogens (i.e. Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), in accordance with standards described by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS 2008); and, Undertake appropriate post construction clean-up of the site in accordance with environmental best practices, including the stabilisation of exposed soils with local native vegetation from the appropriate Ecological Vegetation Classes and rehabilitation/reintroduction of in-stream habitat features where required (i.e. reintroduction of large woody debris, bed or bank stabilisation). Additional mitigation measures are likely to be included in the Growling Grass Frog CMP (if required). 21 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria 6 CONCLUSION Three Growling Grass Frogs were recorded within two waterbodies during targeted surveys. The study area also comprises several waterbodies with suitable foraging, dispersal and breeding habitat for the species. Recent surveys by DSE within proximity to the study area also recorded a number of individuals, and there is a high likelihood that the species would use suitable habitat (including Birregurra Creek, Lark Ayrey Conservation Reserve, artificial waterbodies and drainage lines) adjoining the study area as breeding or dispersal habitat. Based on the results of the targeted survey, habitat assessment and additional recent records in within the local area, there is a high likelihood that an extant population resides in proximity to the study area throughout Birregurra Creek and within waterbodies on private property. It is recommended that an EPBC Act referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister be prepared to determine the potential impacts on matters of NES (i.e. habitat for Growling Grass Frog) from future development of the study area. A Growling Grass Frog CMP may also be required as part of the proposed development (pending consultation between VicRoads and DSE, and the outcome of the EPBC Act referral). If the future development requires the direct removal, salvage, temporary holding or translocation of any terrestrial fauna species (including birds, mammals, frogs and reptiles), then an additional ‘Management Authorisation’ permit may be required under the Wildlife Act 1975 by the proponent. Appropriate mitigation measures should be implemented to minimise any potential impacts to Growling Grass Frog habitat values present within the study area. 22 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria PLATES 23 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Plate 2: Birregurra Creek – southern side of Plate 3: Birregurra Creek – northern side of bridge crossing, (Source: Ecology and Heritage bridge crossing, (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). Plate 4: Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve – looking Plate 5: Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve – looking south east (Source: Ecology and Heritage south west (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). Plate 6: Artificial Waterbody 52(i) – north of the Plate 7: Drainage Line 52(ii) – south of the Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). 24 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Plate 8: Artificial Waterbody 11a – north of the Plate 9: Drainage Line 12 – north of the Princes Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Partners Pty Ltd). Pty Ltd). Plate 10: Artificial Waterbody 13a – north of Plate 11: Artificial Waterbody 19a – south of the the Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). Plate 12: Artificial Waterbody 26a – south of Plate 13: Artificial Waterbody 30a – north of the the Princes Highway – Growling Grass Frog Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage detected (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). 25 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Plate 14: Artificial Waterbody 38a – south of the Plate 15: Artificial Waterbody 46a – north of the Princes Highway – Growling Grass Frog Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage detected (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Partners Pty Ltd). Pty Ltd). Plate 16: Artificial Waterbody 47a – north of the Plate 17: Artificial Waterbody 51a – north of the Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). Plate 18: Artificial Waterbody 58a – north of Plate 19: Artificial Waterbody 61a – north of the the Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). 26 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Plate 20: Artificial Waterbody 66a – south of the Plate 21: Artificial Waterbody 67a – north of the Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Princes Highway (Source: Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd). Partners Pty Ltd). 27 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria FIGURES 28 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria C o d r R Study Area an nel a ga han e m C s ite n el L Ondit N39 Lake Reserve rsio h ak ive c Local Government Areas e Rd n D i ak o W Eurack l a - Pipe Clay Lake Eurach House Y dy h Colac-Otway Shire a g o i W e Warracbarunah Lake Reserve l Lake Cundare r e Lake Cockatoo Lake Reserve v Surf Coast Shire n I Cemetery Lake Lough Calvert Lake Murdeduke Wildlife Reserve Lough Calvert Lake Reserve Lake Murdeduke Ondit N43 Lake Reserve Ombersley Streamside Reserve Mirnee N49 Lake Reserve Thomas Lake Ombersley Beeac Mingawalla Rd The Cap Lake Beeac Beeac Swamp Lake Reserve Warrion Mirnee N50 Lake Reserve Winchelsea Winchelsea The Sanctuary Ondit N45 Lake Reserve d Ondit R Lake Ondit s Armytage e ne m Li a Salt Lake n J to g s Lake Thurrumbong Wildlife Reserve nin g n n De Wurdiboluc Reservoir a L Wurdiboluc Melbourne Rickett Marsh (! Birreg u Mcka rr d ys a Rd Lake Burn Lake Reserve y C d R w H re R rinces e Lake Burn e Irrewarra i P k Ba s rw w e o n River o Ingleby k r Lake Colac Lake Reserve r Lake Ayrey d r R u d a R ay o Warncoort ra tw W Winchelsea Lake Colac B r u e O g ap e C _[ r r i Yeowarra Tarndwarncoort B d R h s d r R a d s Birregurra M R n i s l s l n 063 k o a s C e Colac a Cola r D Colac c - Forr T - est Rd ¹ Kilometres a e ls h e nc Wi Otway Forest Park M Figure 1 a Elliminyt Whoorel Retreat Creek Streamside Reserve Bambra i n Location of study area Bambra Bushland Reserve S t Princes Highway Duplication D e an Winchelsea to Colac s M d arsh Cree R k t Yeo Streamside Reserve s e r Tulloh r Deans Marsh er o iv F C R - o on la w a r r c Yeodene a r B Parkers Road (Bambra) Bushland Reserve ek - u e g Coram Cr F y o e r r a r d r Boonah n r i ou e B s B t Great Otway National Park R VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the d Gerangamete Flats Pennyroyal P ain Creek accuracy or completeness of information in this publication kalac and any person using or relying upon such information does Six Mile Dam Lake Reserve so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no Murroon responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig01_StudyArea_090811.mxd 24/10/2011 RLG Legend Waterbodies jk High Ir d rew arra Sch jk Moderate R ool Rd t t a r kj a l Low l a B - - Study Area c c a l o C d R Note: e e i w BC = Birregurra Creek; o r r a LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; W DL=Drainage line; a=Artificial Waterbodies. Line Dennington jk jk 66a 67a y w H s f ce in e Pr d R d s s c n i b l l a o C Figure 2 a Targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 0 0.4 0.8 ¹ Kilometres Wallace St VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication C and any person using or relying upon such information does olac - F orrest Rd so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Legend Waterbodies Mc kays Rd jk High jk Moderate kj Low Study Area Note: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; DL=Drainage line; a=Artificial Waterbodies. d R s s e k r u o B ek re a C Birregurr jk 51a 52a jk 52DL jk Dennington Line 58a jk 61a jk Princes Hwy W a rn co f or t - e Bi rre d gu c d rra b R Rd a s s k s a r T Figure 2 b Targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 0 0.4 0.8 ¹ Kilometres VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Legend Waterbodies jk High jk Moderate kj Low Study Area Note: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; DL=Drainage line; a=Artificial Waterbodies. jk jk 41BC jk 46a 45LA jk jk 47a wy f s H ince e Pr d c a b jk 51a jk jk 52DL k e re C r a r Figure 2 c u g e r r d Targeted Growling Grass Frog i R B rra gu Surveys rre Bi Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 0 0.4 0.8 De e nn in ¹ Kilometres in gto L n L n in to e g in n n e D Wa VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the rnco ort - accuracy or completeness of information in this publication Birre and any person using or relying upon such information does gurr a Rd so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Legend Waterbodies jk High jk Moderate kj Low Study Area Note: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; DL=Drainage line; a=Artificial Waterbodies. wy s H nce Pri jk 26a jk 30a f e in e L n d to c g b in a n 38a n e jk D k e e r C a a r r B u i g r r e Figure 2 r d e r g i u B r Targeted Growling Grass Frog r a R Surveys d Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac Barwon River 0 0.4 0.8 ¹ Kilometres VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Legend Waterbodies jk High jk Moderate kj Low Study Area Note: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; jk DL=Drainage line; 11a a=Artificial Waterbodies. jk jk 12DL 13a e Lin ton ing nn De y Hw s ce in Pr jk 19a f e d c a b Figure 2 e Targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 0 0.4 0.8 ¹ Kilometres VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Legend Waterbodies jk High jk Moderate kj Low Study Area t S is ill Note: W BC = Birregurra Creek; LA=Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; Winchelsea DL=Drainage line; I2 t S a=Artificial Waterbodies. e e g d i r B St ain Line M ton ning Den t S n n o s r e d y n w A s H nce Pri f e d c a b d 11a R sh r jk a M s s n a e D - - a a Figure 2 f se el h c Targeted Growling Grass Frog in W Surveys Princes Highway Duplication Winchelsea to Colac 0 0.4 0.8 ¹ Kilometres r ve Ri n wo ar B VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 3183_Fig6_GGF_surveys.mxd 29/03/2012 ALF Pipe Clay Lake Eurack Eurach House Legend Lake Cundare Lough Calvert EHP Growling Grass Frog Cemetery Lake GF Lake Murdeduke records (2011) DSE - Arthur Rylah Thomas Lake GF Institute records Butchers Lake Ombersley Beeac (2011-2012) Corangmite CMA Mingawalla Rd GF record (2010) The Cap Lake Beeac Previous Growling Grass GF Frog records (VBA 2010) Rd Warrion Study Area The Sanctuary Ond it - War rion Rd Rd Ondit Lake Ondit Armytage Salt Lake R yans Lane Wurdiboluc GF2011 2010 GF 2011 d Mc kays Rd Lake Burn GF R GF wy GF e H GF r i inces 2011-2012 e Irrewarra Pr GF GF Ba iv w GF k R ee GFGF rw on o r GF d r Lake Ayrey C R r rra d 2011-2012 y Lake Colac a Warncoort u R a g rra tw W e O rr u Ingleby e Bi g ap W e C a r r r nco i or B t - B d ir d re R g u R r r d s a s R k Birregurra R d n s i Threatened Fauna, August 2010 l h a l r s Mur o r © The State of Victoria, Department of r T ay a St C Sustainability and Environment M s 1990 n a GF r e 1990 e D iv - M a GF R lse 052.5 n he a Elliminyt o Whoorel Winc Bambra i w n r a Kilometres ¹ Rd D S B e t a n s M ar Figure s h Cre 3 ek Growling Grass Frog r Tulloh e Deans Marsh records v 2001 r i e R GF v Princes Highway Duplication i d n C R o R Shor ts R k t d e o n w Winchelsea to Colac e r r s l o C a y a e r w r a c r d B r Boonah n a u - o Coram Bo B F F o - d r r R a Pennyroyal P e s r ain y Barongarook r k ee rr s alac Cr u a t B g G R e D d h r e r a i c Murroon n n s ra B M B a st r VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the sh e accuracy or completeness of information in this publication W - Burtons Lookout r Lo and any person using or relying upon such information does e rn so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no v e R i d responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, R defects or omissions in the information. n o 3183_Fig07_GGF_records_17012012.mxd 17/01/2012 RLG APPENDICES 37 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Appendix 1 – Defining Habitat Quality Several factors are taken into account when determining the value of habitat. Habitat quality varies on both spatial and temporal scales, with the habitat value varying depending upon a particular fauna species. Table A1.1. Defining Habitat Quality. Criteria for defining Habitat Quality HIGH QUALITY High degree of intactness (i.e. floristically and structurally diverse), containing several important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. High species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a large number of species from a range of fauna groups). High level of foraging and breeding activity, with the site regularly used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing low levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes (i.e. weed invasion, introduced animals, soil erosion, salinity). High contribution to a wildlife corridor, and/or connected to a larger area(s) of high quality habitat. Provides known, or likely habitat for one or more rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007. MODERATE QUALITY Moderate degree of intactness, containing one or more important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Moderate species richness and diversity - represented by a moderate number of species from a range of fauna groups. Moderate levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing moderate levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Moderate contribution to a wildlife corridor, or is connected to area(s) of moderate quality habitat. Provides potential habitat for a small number of threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007. LOW QUALITY Low degree of intactness, containing few important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Low species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a small number of species from a range of fauna groups). Low levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing high levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Unlikely to form part of a wildlife corridor, and is not connected to another area(s) of habitat. Unlikely to provide habitat for rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2007. 38 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Appendix 2.1 – Previous amphibian records Table A2.1. Amphibian species recorded during the present surveys and within 10 kilometres of the study area. H Heard S Seen Last Total # of Approximate Approximate documented Present Common name Scientific name documented abundances abundances record (VBA survey records 2011) Survey #1 Survey #2 Plains Froglet Crinia parinsignifera 1995 5 0 0 - Common Froglet Crinia signifera 2004 17 23 3 H Victorian Smooth Froglet Geocrinia victoriana 1979 11 0 0 - Pobblebonk Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii 1962 1 0 0 - Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii 2001 9 4 7 H Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis 2004 8 108 74 H Common Spadefoot Toad Neobatrachus sudelli 1997 3 0 0 - Southern Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata 1967 2 0 0 - Southern Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingii 2003 8 9 1 H Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis 2001 4 9 4 H Source used to determine number of records and year: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DSE 2010). Note: Approximate abundances refer to the number of frogs heard throughout surveyed waterbodies and within adjacent habitat during the assessment (i.e. nearby waterbodies and drainage lines). 39 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Appendix 3.1 – Habitat assessment results Table A3.1. Summary results of habitat assessments within the study area. Habitat Assessment 41 (Birregurra 45 (Lake Ayrey 52a(i) 52(ii) D/L 26a 38a Location Creek) Wildlife Reserve) Approx. size of survey area 40 x 15 400 x 350 80 x 40 200 x 15 40 x 40 25 x 15 (metres) (L x W) Emergent vegetation (%) 25 95 40 60 <1 5-10 Submerged vegetation (%) 5 30 5 5 50 60 Open water (%) 75 5 60 40 100 90 Floating vegetation (%) <5 10 5–10 15 5 80 Fringing Vegetation (%) 80 100 100 100 90 85 Paddocks with Paddocks with Revegetation areas / Paddocks with pasture Paddocks with pasture Paddocks with pasture Surrounding habitat pasture grasses / pasture grasses roads / private grasses / roads / grasses used for cattle grasses used for horse roads / private used for cattle (within 30 metres) property private property grazing / roads grazing and roads property grazing and roads N/A Good Good Good Good Good Water quality and depth (Too shallow (<0.5 metres) (> 0.5 metres) (> 0.5 metres) (0.2 – 1.5 metres) (0.2 – 0.5 metre) at the time of survey) Fish present None observed None observed None observed None observed None observed None observed Frog eggs present Yes No No No No Yes Pondweed Water Couch Pondweed Pondweed Common Reed Dock (Rumex sp.), (Potamogeton spp.), Paspalum distichum, (Potamogeton (Potamogeton spp.) and Dominant flora species Phragmites australis Rushes (Juncus spp.) Spikerushes native herbs, sedges spp.) and Juncus Common Spikerush and pasture grasses and pasture grasses (Eleocharis spp.) and and pasture grasses spp. Eleocharis acuta pasture grasses Overall High High High High High High Habitat High grasses along High cover of High cover of fringing Large area, clean Ungrazed buffer High cover of floating Quality bank, good cover of emergent vegetation. and emergent water with good surrounding bank, and submerged emergent vegetation / Large in size and lots vegetation. Refuge refuge throughout good cover of vegetation, good water and good water of refuge available available within emergent and fringing submerged quality. Grazed by quality within vegetation after vegetation and along vegetation vegetation / little horses, refuge available rainfall banks fringing vegetation within vegetation and along banks 40 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Habitat Assessment 11a 12 D/L 13a 19a 30a 46a Location Approx. size of survey area 25 x 25 20 x 5 30 x 15 100 x 50 40 x 30 30 x 30 (metres) (L x W) Emergent vegetation (%) 0 80 <1 <1 20 <10 Submerged vegetation (%) 0 <1 0 0 <5 0 Open water (%) 100 20 100 100 80 95 Floating vegetation (%) 0 <1 0 0 <1 0 Fringing Vegetation (%) 100 100 90 100 90 100 Paddocks with Paddocks with Paddocks with Slashed road reserve, Paddocks with pasture Surrounding habitat pasture grasses used pasture grasses used pasture grasses used Pasture grasses / private property / grasses used for cattle for cattle grazing / for cattle grazing / for cattle grazing and roads (within 30 metres) roads grazing / crops/ roads roads roads roads Poor N/A Poor Moderate Poor-Moderate Poor-Moderate Water quality and depth (>0.5 metres) (Dry at time of survey) (>0.5 metre) (> 2 metres) (>0.5 metre) (>0.5 metres) Fish present None observed N/A None observed None observed None observed None observed Frog eggs present No No No Yes No No Common Reed Common Reed Phragmites australis Dominant flora species Pasture grasses Phragmites australis Pasture grasses Pasture grasses and Common Pasture grasses and pasture grasses Spikerush Eleocharis acuta Overall Low Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Habitat Ungrazed buffer Provides good cover Ungrazed buffer Ungrazed buffer Grazed margins Ungrazed buffer Quality surrounding bank, emergent vegetation / surrounding bank, surrounding bank, surrounding bank, surrounding bank, high cover of fringing little fringing high cover of fringing good cover of fringing good cover of high cover of vegetation / no vegetation vegetation / no vegetation / large emergent vegetation / fringing vegetation suitable habitat suitable habitat permanent water little fringing / no suitable habitat source vegetation 41 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Habitat Assessment 47a 51a 58a 61a 66a 67a Location Approx. size of survey area 25 x 15 25 x 10 20 x 10 70 x 40 20 x 15 15 x 10 (metres) (L x W) Emergent vegetation (%) 5 15 25 0 5 15 Submerged vegetation (%) 0 <1 <1 0 <1 <1 Open water (%) 95 85 75 98 (some shading) 95 85 Floating vegetation (%) 0 10 0 0 <1 1 Fringing Vegetation (%) 20 100 100 70 100 100 Paddocks with Paddocks with Paddocks with Paddocks with pasture Paddocks with pasture Pasture grasses Surrounding habitat pasture grasses used pasture grasses / pasture grasses used grasses / roads / grasses / roads / used for cattle for cattle grazing / roads / private (within 30 metres) for sheep grazing railway private property grazing / roads roads property / railway Poor - Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor - Moderate Moderate - Good Moderate Water quality and depth (>0.5 metre) (>0.5 metre) (>0.5 metre) (>1.5 metre) (>1 metre) (> 1 metre) Fish present None observed None observed None observed None observed None observed None observed Frog eggs present No No Yes No Yes Yes Spikerushes Spikerushes Water Couch (Eleocharis spp.) and (Eleocharis spp.) and Paspalum Dominant flora species Pasture grasses Pasture grasses Pasture grasses pasture grasses pasture grasses distichum, and pasture grasses Overall Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Habitat Grazed banks, low Ungrazed buffer Good buffer Low cover of fringing / Good cover of fringing Good cover of Quality cover of vegetation surrounding bank, surrounding bank, high floating and emergent vegetation. Some fringing vegetation. within and high cover of fringing cover of fringing and vegetation. Some refuge available within Some refuge surrounding vegetation / little emergent vegetation refuge available vegetation and along available within waterbody / no suitable habitat within vegetation and banks (i.e. fallen logs) vegetation / heavily suitable habitat along banks (i.e. grazed loose rocks) Notes: BC = Birregurra Creek; LA = Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve; D/L = Drainage line; a = Artificial Waterbodies. 42 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Appendix 3.2 – Water quality results Table A3.2. Water Quality/In-situ Horiba results for habitat assessments within the study area. Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Site Temperature (°C) pH Turbidity (NTU) (mS/cm) (mg/L) 41 (Birregurra Creek) 20.42 9.09 23.1 8.77 12 45 (Lake Ayrey Wildlife Reserve) Not deep enough to undertake water sampling 52a(i) 22.51 8.49 0.489 8.21 18 52(ii) D/L 20.34 6.92 1.45 13.08 16 11a 22.92 9.52 0.345 5.03 72 12a 24.21 9.62 0.312 3.21 58 13a 24.12 8.63 0.193 3.21 56 19a 26.11 8.07 0.286 5.84 49 26a 19.26 8.31 4.72 12.43 14 30a 20.09 8.49 0.97 7.33 55 38a 19.58 9.54 2.28 10.96 10 46a 22.02 9.46 0.171 4.83 68 47a 20.42 9.31 0.223 5.21 85 51a 18.81 7.68 0.248 8.41 45 58a 18.33 6.31 0.181 2.21 43 61a 19.21 9.06 0.189 3.76 60 66a 25.24 8.36 0.292 6.64 38 67a 25.15 7.82 0.182 4.26 56 43 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria REFERENCES 44 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria References Ashworth, J.M. 1998. An appraisal of the Conservation of Litoria raniformis (Kefferstein) in Tasmania. University of Tasmania March 1998. Unpublished Masters thesis. AVW 2011. Atlas of Victorian Wildlife. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. Barker, J., Grigg, G.C. & Tyler, M.J. 1995. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Surrey Beatty & Sons, New South Wales. Clemann, N. and Gillespie, G.R. 2010. National Recovery Plan for the Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis. Draft for public comment January 2010. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Cogger, H. 1996. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Reed Books, Sydney. DEWHA 2009a. EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.14: Significant Impact Guidelines for the vulnerable Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis. The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra, ACT. www.environment.gov.au/epbc. DEWHA 2009b. Background paper to EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.14: Significant Impact Guidelines for the vulnerable Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis. The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra, ACT. www.environment.gov.au/epbc. DPCD 2011. Planning Schemes and Maps Online. Department of Planning and Community Development: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/planningschemes/index.html DSE 2007. Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria. Department of Sustainability & Environment, East Melbourne, Victoria. DSE 2009. Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria - 2009. Department of Sustainability & Environment, East Melbourne, Victoria. DSE 2010. Biodiversity Precinct Structure Planning Kit. Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, May 2010. http://www.dse.vic.gov.au DSE 2011. Biodiversity Interactive Maps. Department of Sustainability and Environment. www.dse.vic.gov.au. Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2011. Detailed Flora and Fauna Survey and Net Gain Assessment for the Princes Highway Duplication, Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria. Unpublished report prepare for VicRoads. EPA 1991. Construction Techniques for Sediment Pollution Control. Publication 275. Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne. EPA 1996. Environmental Guidelines for Major Construction Sites. Publication 480. Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne. Hamer, A.J & Organ, A. 2008. Aspects of the ecology and conservation of the Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis in an urban-fringe environment, southern Victoria. Proceedings of the Biology and Conservation of Bell Frogs Conference, Australian Zoologist 34: 414–425. 45 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Heard, G, Scroggie, M. and Clemann, N. 2010. Guidelines for Managing the Endangered Growling Grass Frog in Urbanising Landscapes. Arthur Rylah Institute. For Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria. Hero, J.M., Littlejohn, M. & Marantelli, G. 1991. Frogwatch Field Guide to Victorian Frogs. Department of Conservation and Environment, East Melbourne. Littlejohn, M.J. 1963. Frogs of the Melbourne area. Victorian Naturalist 79: 296-304. Littlejohn, M.J. 1982. Amphibians of Victoria. Victorian Yearbook 85: 1-11. Mahony, M.J. 1999. ‘Review of the declines and disappearances within the bell frog species group (Litoria aurea species group) in Australia.’ In: Declines and Disappearances of Australian Frogs. A. Campbell (editor). Environment Australia, Canberra. NPWS (National Parks & Wildlife Service) 2008. Hygiene Protocol for the Control of Disease in Frogs. Information Circular No. 6. N.S.W. National Parks & Wildlife Service, Hurstville. Pyke G.H. 2002. A review of the biology of the Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis (Anura: Hylidae). Australian Zoologist 32: 32–48. Robertson, P., Heard, G. & Scroggie, M. 2002. The Ecology and Conservation Status of the Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis within the Merri Creek Corridor. Interim Report: Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Requirements. Report produced for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Robertson, P. 2003. Draft Flora and Fauna Guarantee Action Statement for the Growling Grass Frog, Litoria raniformis. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. SEWPaC. 2011. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 http://www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST). Department of the Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. Tyler, M.J. 1997. The Action Plan for Australian Frogs. Wildlife Australia Endangered Species Program for Environment Australia, Canberra. VBA 2010. Victorian Biodiversity Atlas. Sourced from: ‘VBA_FAUNA25’ and ‘VBA_FAUNA100’, August 2010. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. 46 Targeted survey for Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Winchelsea to Colac, Victoria Attachment 4 VicRoads Sustainability and Climate Change Policy Attachment 5 Lot Description Plan Lot Volume Folio Plan Lot Volume Folio TP926444L 1 4858 585 TP72476E 10407 915 TP201131C 1 10193 308 TP81051W 9421 789 LP111822 2 9033 240 TP885068M 10618 36 LP111822 1 9033 239 TP170902S 1 9350 340 TP543864V 6124 800 TP293883G 1 9350 339 TP710952U 9300 886 LP48125 1 10629 428 TP709931L 8033 411 LP130720 1 9352 786 TP579503D 1 9917 793 LP210158H 3 9792 57 TP457461Y 9943 319 TP310858R 9150 881 TP303592U 9886 704 TP282005A 9674 793 TP701344V 8636 371 TP943944S 1 11150 807 TP861673D 12 982 261 PC350783X 10008 656 PS335568Y 2 10244 738 TP294883B 9421 234 PS335568Y 1 10244 737 TP383081U 8708 933 TP102472B 1 10035 948 TP377507V 8708 932 TP192941H 1 9306 778 TP422973R 2028 435 TP337726J 9676 201 TP710968D 9421 235 TP268691J 9350 338 TP588518N 4017 245 TP293882J 9350 336 TP240903C 1 5878 463 TP259542D 9350 335 TP583910Q 12 3870 843 TP337727G 11053 29 TP317145T 5878 462 CP161629B 9676 199 TP774376U 1826 191 CP161628D 9676 198 TP91968E 11046 314 LP79984 1 8746 906 PS529786H 1 10884 721 LP210979P 12 9806 888 PS529786H 2 10884 722 LP210979P 11 11178 645 TP2203N 10167 283 TP264535V 9866 921 TP710958G 9451 512 LP210979P 10 9806 886 TP523035B 7880 118 TP800287D 10631 29 TP484805P 5907 355 TP800287D 10631 28 TP823583U 12 9412 679 TP769523N 952 346 TP101219U 12345 9635 740 TP432595R 1 6054 685 Plan Lot Volume Folio Plan Lot Volume Folio TP201297Q 1 6749 619 TP777289X 5098 486 CP172797R 9948 765 PS330104W 2 10175 90 TP123222H 1 9936 467 PS330104W 1 10175 89 TP161306L 1 9231 641 LP202018X 2 9659 283 CP172585 9944 396 CP170090X 9874 289 TP830859N 303 449 TP105820N 1 9666 990 TP830858Q 4866 17 TP119453L 1 9853 907 PS319599D 2 10083 595 TP108695W 1 9508 590 TP873676E 1234 6749 620 TP223640F 1 8160 366 PS543646U 2 10966 822 LP143884 1 9532 906 TP740534U 1 9559 188 TP249204G 1 5759 787 TP097937D 1 9559 189 TP886525E 12 4892 381 PS543646U 1 10966 821 CP152698 9445 971 TP756580X 123 9644 745 TP763541T 7413 460 TP758539J 1 9644 746 TP149063F 1 9056 621 TP244625H 1 8168 830 TP258400F 12 8250 292 TP907748W 11010 13 CP152730 9450 175 TP904736V 1234 3805 970 TP160949V 1 9214 964 TP621685M 1234 3805 966 TP129598B 1 9493 114 TP110743A 1 9402 803 TP10936V 2345 10405 996 TP434745N 12 8892 88 TP605184C 1 9221 155 TP908577S 123 8750 303 TP60593J 1 9221 156 TP120972C 123 10233 398 TP10936V 1 1723 445 TP418605W 1 8587 130 TP870941D 1 1317 294 TP559154Q 1 1315 827 TP547662M 1 1705 977 TP567138S 1 1315 826 TP612707F 1 1782 243 TP593657T 1 1315 825 TP386167S 8519 464 TP584586R 1 1315 824 TP149062H 1 9056 620 TP424569N 12 8866 516 TP827209Y 1 8503 845 TP413261F 12 8750 302 PS513226N 1 10718 561 TP907054H 123 9034 920 TP755316W 1 8986 933 TP81725J 1 10107 662 PS513226N 2 10718 562 PS500092F 2 10718 546 PS413434N 2 10382 899 Plan Lot Volume Folio Plan Lot Volume Folio PS413434N 1 10382 898 LP139493 RESERVE 9464 764 PS321908E 1 10191 881 LP139493 252 9464 763 TP545617D 1 1196 129 PS314955K 2 10075 620 LP210337H 1 9795 198 LP140968 RESERVE 9485 291 LP210337H ROAD 9795 203 LP213149S 2 9836 644 LP213149S 1 9836 643 PS518238D 1 6049 710 PS518238D ROAD 10773 825 LP9517 8 4895 913 LP110900 1 9018 613 TP211110E 1 9460 816 TP100477B 12345 9558 693 PS340629B 1 10273 966 PS340629B ROAD 10273 965 LP85843 2 8795 796 TP856740U 1 5284 795 TP326075M 1 8057 576 LP132605 2 9453 865 LP81505 2 8731 636 LP81505 1 8731 635 TP643803K 1 9612 693 TP643801P 1 9612 691 TP649315R 1 9612 694 TP643802M 1 9612 692 TP113302R 1 9625 463 TP582890Y 1 9460 337 LP218943T 2 9960 502 LP218943T 1 9960 501 TP379579H 1 8735 921 LP211950K 2 9816 184 LP211950K 1 9816 183 CP158799S 9596 927 Attachment 6 VicRoads Specification Section 1200 and 2010 1200 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 1200.01 INTRODUCTION Works under the Contract shall be undertaken in such a manner that impacts on the environment are minimised to the extent reasonably practicable. The Contractor shall ensure that the environmental objectives and attainment measures outlined in the relevant State and Commonwealth legislation are complied with at all times. Where conflicting objectives or measures are nominated, the more stringent shall be complied with. The Contractor shall prepare an Environmental Management Strategy and Environmental Management Plan(s) for the management of activities that impact on the environment in accordance with the requirements of this specification and in particular Section 2060 and this Section 1200. ##(DELETE this clause where the project is not identified as containing high environmental risk – seek advice from Environmental Sustainability):Work under the Contract includes activities which VicRoads has assessed as having potentially high environmental risk. The Contractor shall ensure a strong focus on environmental management is maintained whilst executing the work under the Contract, including the provision of staff with appropriate environmental skills and experience to manage these risks. 1200.02 DEFINITIONS Ancillary Works Area – an area outside the Limit of Works where activities are undertaken in relation to construction of work under the Contract. This may include but is not limited to the establishment of site compounds, borrow areas, temporary sedimentation basins, and temporary works. Contaminated Material – the presence of any chemical substance or waste that exists above the natural background level of the land or water for the chemical substance or waste and that represents, or potentially represents, an adverse health or environmental impact. Cultural Heritage – means Aboriginal heritage as defined in Section 4 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 (Vic) and cultural heritage and archaeological relic as defined in Section 3 of the Heritage Act 1995 (Vic) and includes Aboriginal artefacts, scarred trees, burial sites, and historic bridges and buildings. Cultural Heritage Advisor – a person who is appropriately qualified in a discipline directly related to the management of cultural heritage, such as anthropology, archaeology or history; or has extensive experience or knowledge in relation to the management of cultural heritage. Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) – an overview of the heritage values of the project area and an outline of management processes and initiatives to be implemented to avoid or minimise impacts on those values during the course of the project. Environmental Management Strategy (EMS) – an overview of the environmental management processes to be utilised during the various phases of work under the Contract, that demonstrate procedures adopted to protect the beneficial uses of the environment. The Environmental Management Strategy is the overarching parent document from which individual Environmental Management Plans are prepared. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) – the details of the Contractor’s proposals for the management of individual stages of work (defined by work activity and/or location) that impact on the environment. Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP) – a plan prepared for approval of EPA to address the use of non-potable water and/or contaminated materials. The plan identifies potential risks to human and animal health, the environment and surrounding land use areas and details management options to mitigate the risks. Environmental Incident – an event which results in or has the potential to result in the environmental requirements in this Contract being breached; and/or requires remedial actions to minimise or prevent impact to the environment and occurs at any location where works under the Contract are performed. Noise Sensitive Receptors – dwellings that may be affected by construction noise such as aged persons homes, hospitals, schools, kindergartens, libraries and other noise sensitive community buildings. Non-potable Water – recycled water or water from alternative sources such as quarries, sewage treatment plants, groundwater, industrial waste and wash water. Rain Event – when rainfall results in an offsite discharge, and/or when onsite construction activities are ceased due to rain, and/or rainfall that is equal to or greater than the Rainfall Intensity Chart published in the VicRoads Integrated Water Management Guidelines (Section 5.4.2 – Construction Monitoring). Waterway – includes waterways as defined in the Water Act 1989 and any natural collection of water (other than water collected and contained in a private dam or a natural depression on private land) whether or not the flow is continuous, as well as tidal and coastal water and groundwater. 1200.03 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS (a) General Environmental Management Plans (EMP) shall be prepared taking into account: the Site’s environmental features the nature of the works to be undertaken any potential environmental impacts including those identified in VicRoads Project Environment Protection Strategy any permits and/or approvals and related conditions the findings of environmental investigations identified in Table 1200.161. In addition, individual and site specific Environmental Management Plans shall be prepared for works at locations identified in Table 1200.031. Table 1200.031 Locations/activity requiring a specific EMP ##(insert locations identified to have high or extreme absolute environmental risks associated with them. Clearly specify the limits/area that the EMP is required to address, i.e. chainages from and to): ##: An EMP shall be prepared for any works undertaken in an ancillary works area. Control measures identified in the EMP shall be installed and fully operational prior to commencement of the works associated with the EMP. Control measures shall be maintained in working order for the duration of the associated works. (b) Permits and Approvals The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and approvals from the relevant authorities, other than those already obtained by the Principal. Copies of all relevant documentation relating to permits and approvals obtained by the Contractor shall be provided to the Superintendent within one week of their receipt and prior to any works relating to the permit, or the conditions contained therein, commencing. All permit conditions shall be identified in the relevant Environmental Management Plan(s). ##(include in this box any details of any permits that the Principal has obtained or are being sought by the Principal which relate to this Contract): The cost of obtaining permits and/or approvals and meeting any conditions contained therein shall be borne by the Contractor. (c) Components of Environmental Management Plans Each Environmental Management Plan (EMP) shall incorporate the following: (i) a statement of scope (addressing the area or activity that the EMP is established for) and purpose (i.e. the environmental objectives); (ii) identification of work activities and an assessment of potential impacts and associated risks to onsite and offsite environmental receptors (e.g. community, land uses, waterways, flora and fauna, cultural heritage, etc.), including times when the Contractor is not on site; (iii) details of control measures to address the identified environmental risks, including but not limited to - • design measures and construction techniques to be implemented to protect the environment and/or avoid environmentally sensitive areas and unnecessary vegetation and habitat removal, • scaled drawings that clearly show the location and extent of environmental controls, modifications to existing control devices, effects on permanent works, and monitoring locations, • specific procedures to address identified environmental risks, • emergency response plans that include immediate measures to be adopted/implemented in the event of an environmental incident or failure of environmental control measures, and reporting requirements, and • resources, roles, responsibility and authority – details of staff involved in the approval, implementation and onsite review and maintenance of the EMP; (iv) details of implementation of control measures, including but not limited to - • duration of activity/risk, and timeframes for implementation and removal of control measures, • frequency and responsibilities for inspection and maintenance of controls including proactive reviews e.g. prior to rain events or changes in construction program, • process for reviewing the effectiveness of the control measures including arrangements for implementing changes, and • details of how control measures shall be removed; (v) details of procedures and monitoring measures for environmental elements, which shall address the requirements of this Clause 1200; and (vi) documentation associated with the Environmental Management Plan(s), including - • records of implementation of the environmental control measures, and monitoring of environmental elements; • a checklist to demonstrate that each requirement in this Clause 1200 has been addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. HP The Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent for review an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) not less than 2 weeks prior to the commencement of that stage of the work that the EMP relates to. The Hold Point will not be released until the Superintendent is satisfied that the Plan meets the requirements of the Contract for that stage of the work. (d) Performance Where an Environmental Management Plan does not comply, operate or function in accordance with the environmental requirements of the Contract, the Contractor shall cease all activities associated with the Environmental Management Plan until a suitable Environmental Management Plan is developed. The Superintendent reserves the right to take action to provide environmental protection and make good the site, with costs incurred by the Superintendent in undertaking such action deducted from payments due to the Contractor. (e) Training (i) Prior to commencement of works onsite, the Contractor shall ensure that all personnel involved in the Contract are informed of the environmental issues and specific risks associated with the project and the required management and mitigation measures to address these risks. (ii) Prior to commencement of works onsite, the Contractor shall ensure that those personnel involved in the implementation of EMPs, and the installation, maintenance and monitoring of control measures for this Contract meet the requirements of Clause 1190.02(b). (iii) Environmental Protection Awareness Workshop Prior to commencement of works onsite, the Contractor shall ensure that personnel directly involved in the development and implementation of EMPs, EIPs and the monitoring, installation and maintenance of control measures for this Contract attend an environmental workshop to review the environmental issues associated with the Site. The Contractor shall consult with the Superintendent in determining the agenda of the workshop. 1200.04 WATER (a) General The quality of water in waterways shall not be detrimentally impacted by runoff from the site. (b) Monitoring (i) General Water quality and rainfall shall be monitored for the parameters identified in Table 1200.041 during all stages of construction to ensure that the water quality in the receiving waterways: does not deteriorate between the upstream and downstream limits of the work site during the construction period (where upstream results become the background limits) - the allowable variation between results shall be no more than twice the measurement uncertainty; or is as agreed between the Contractor, the Superintendent and EPA. The Contractor shall provide and maintain equipment capable of providing instantaneous monitoring of parameters as required in Table 1200.041 and have such equipment available on-site at all times. All equipment associated with monitoring shall be maintained and calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s or equipment supplier’s requirements. *** Table 1200.041 Construction Monitoring Parameter Method Turbidity – NTU Measure with on-site meter Electrical Conductivity (EC) – µS/cm Measure with on-site meter pH Measure with on-site meter Dissolved oxygen (DO) – mg/L Measure with on-site meter Temperature - °C Measure with on-site meter Litter (definition, including solid inert waste) Visual (prevent litter from entering waterways and drainage systems) Oils and Greases Visual (No visible free oil or greases) Rainfall Measure with on-site meter capable of logging rainfall at a minimal interval of 10 minutes ##:Other parameters specific to the project ##: (ii) Dewatering Water quality monitoring shall be undertaken when dewatering ponded water to receiving waterways. The quality of ponded water to be dewatered to receiving waterways shall not exceed 30 NTU or shall be equal to or better than the water quality in the receiving waterways if the turbidity in the receiving waterway is less than 30 NTU. ## (strikethrough inapplicable sentence below – refer to EPA Publication 960 - Section 4.4 Dewatering (Figure 37)) :*** The pH of ponded water to be dewatered shall be within the range of 6.4 – 7.7. *** The pH of ponded water to be dewatered shall be within the range of 6.5 – 8.3. (iii) Bypass Pumping Water quality monitoring shall be undertaken when bypass pumping water around works that is being undertaken within a waterway. (iv) Locations Monitoring shall be carried out at locations as follows: in waterways and/or drainage infrastructure upstream and downstream of the limits of the Site; and at appropriate locations in waterways within the Site including immediately upstream and downstream of each point source (or flow) entering along the length of waterways within the Site. Details of all monitoring locations shall be maintained on the scaled drawings associated with the EMP. Monitoring sites must be accessible during all on-site activity and in all weather conditions. Monitoring for dewatering activities will be undertaken at locations as follows: the ponded water at the pump intake; and in the receiving waterways and/or drainage infrastructure immediately upstream and downstream of the discharge point (within the mixing zone of the waterway and discharged water). Monitoring for bypass pumping activities will be undertaken at locations immediately upstream and downstream of the pumping activity. (v) Timing Monitoring shall be undertaken: • immediately prior to work commencing; *** • ##:daily / weekly / other; • for each rain event as follows: - within one hour of commencement of the rain event during working hours, - every 4 hours for periods of continuous rain during working hours, and - within 12 hours of a rain event, outside working hours. • immediately prior to the commencement of and then hourly during dewatering and bypass pumping activities. 1200.05 GROUNDWATER (a) General The beneficial uses of groundwater shall not be adversely affected. An assessment of the potential impact of the work under the Contract shall be undertaken to ascertain the beneficial uses to be protected as provided for in SEPP (Groundwaters of Victoria) and SEPP (Waters of Victoria) when groundwater is: • expected to be encountered during works under the Contract – as part of the development of Environmental Management Plans; • unexpectedly encountered during works under the Contract – immediately after identification of the presence of groundwater. The Contractor shall consider the beneficial uses, quality and quantity of groundwater when determining the ongoing management of groundwater (i.e. reuse, discharge, aquifer recharge). Such consideration shall be completed prior to the completion of related design and prior to commencement / continuation of related construction activities. Where groundwater is unexpectedly encountered, a management plan shall be developed and implemented to manage the groundwater and protect beneficial uses in accordance with the requirements of the EPA and/or relevant authority. The contractor shall undertake monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority and/or EPA and identified in the management plan. Groundwater encountered on-site shall be assessed for the opportunity for reuse as a non-potable water source for the duration of the Contract if no higher fit for purpose use can be identified. (b) Monitoring (i) Locations The Contractor shall undertake a visual assessment of the Site for groundwater daily during all excavation activities. ##(strikethrough clauses if not required): Groundwater monitoring shall be undertaken at: ##specify any existing stand pipe/bore locations that should be utilised for ground water monitoring: Where stand pipe/bores are disturbed by work under the Contract, replacement monitoring locations shall be provided. Replacement and/or new stand pipes/bores shall be located outside of the limits of ground disturbing activities and where the impact of ground movement is likely to have the greatest effect. Details of monitoring locations for groundwater shall be maintained on the scaled drawing. (ii) Timing The timing and frequency of groundwater monitoring shall be in accordance with Table 1200.051. Table 1200.051 Timing and ##:Issue Specific Location Parameter Frequency Requirements ##:Immediately prior ##:All monitoring Groundwater level and flow ##:as determined to work commencing locations specified Salinity as total dissolved solids (mg/L) from planning/ pre- Electrical conductivity (uS/cm) construction studies ##:other parameters as agreed with VicRoads Environmental Sustainability and/or EPA and/or relevant authority Monthly ##:All monitoring As above As above locations specified 1200.06 NON-POTABLE WATER (a) General Non-potable water sources shall be used as the primary source of water for all activities unless the Contractor can demonstrate that the use of non-potable water is not practicable and feasible. Where non-potable water is used an Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP) shall be developed in accordance with VicRoads guidelines (refer Table 1200.191) and shall include the management of all activities related to the sourcing, transport, storage and use of the non-potable water. The Contractor shall meet the following requirements, and include appropriate measures to meet these requirements in the Environmental Management Plan(s): (i) the transport, storage and use of non-potable water shall be in accordance with the Environment Improvement Plan prepared for the Project; and (ii) the use of non-potable water shall not result in any off-site discharge, either as run-off or as an aerosol. (b) Monitoring Monitoring shall be undertaken in accordance with the Environment Improvement Plan. 1200.07 AIR QUALITY (a) General All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • emissions of odorous substances or particulates shall not create or be likely to create objectionable conditions for the public; • materials of any type shall not be disposed of through burning; • material that may create a hazard or nuisance dust shall be covered during transport; and • dust generated from road construction activities shall not create a hazard or nuisance to the public, shall not disperse from the site or across roadways, nor interfere with crops, stock or dust-sensitive receptors. (b) Plant and Equipment All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • emissions of visible smoke to the atmosphere from construction plant and equipment shall not be for periods greater than 10 consecutive seconds; • where practicable all heavy duty diesel engines must be fitted with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and diesel particulate filters. (c) Monitoring (i) General Monitoring shall comply with the following requirements: • insoluble solids from any air quality monitoring station, as measured by a dust deposit gauge in accordance with the requirements of AS 3580.10.1, shall not exceed 4 g/m 2/month or 2 g/m 2/month above the background measurement, whichever is the lesser; and • directional dust gauges that comply with the equipment requirements of AS 2724.5 shall be installed alongside each air quality monitoring station. Directional dust gauges shall be orientated such that one of the collecting cylinders is directed towards the construction activities; and • directional dust shall be measured as insoluble solids in accordance with AS 3580.10.1 for each of the four collecting cylinders. Directional dust gravimetric results shall be expressed as the percentage of the total directional dust gauge catch for each cylinder. • dust deposition and directional dust monitoring shall be supplemented with continuous monitoring using a portable laser light scattering instrument, or equivalent, to allow changes to dust control measures if the PM 10 1 hour average concentration exceeds 120 µg/m 3; • no less than ##[one/two/three/other]: portable laser light scattering instruments shall be operational daily while undertaking construction activities; • portable laser light scattering instrument(s) shall provide a visible and logged alarm and SMS notification if the 1 hour average criterion of 120 µg/m 3 is exceeded; • the portable light scattering instrument shall be calibrated and maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions with calibration and maintenance records retained and made available to the Superintendent upon request. Daily records shall include checks of instrument zero and flow rate. (ii) Location of Monitoring Equipment • Dust deposit gauges and directional dust gauges shall be established in accordance with the requirements of AS 3580.1.1. • One dust deposit gauge shall be installed and maintained as a background reference station. The reference station shall be in close proximity to the Site, but unaffected by works under the Contract. • No less than ##[two/four/six/other]: monitoring stations shall be located where roadworks are likely to have the greatest impact on adjacent properties or create nuisance/inconvenience to the public. • The location of portable laser light scattering instrument(s) shall be adaptive to changes in wind direction or construction activity. • Portable laser light scattering instrument(s) shall be located downwind of road construction activities or adjacent to a sensitive receptor when in proximity to the works. • All monitoring stations to be located such that they are secure from vandalism and tampering at all times. (iii) Results • Results of dust deposition and directional dust monitoring shall be submitted to the Superintendent within 24 hours of receipt from the laboratory. • Daily results of continuous monitoring including the location(s) of the instrument shall be made available upon request. • A daily visual assessment of the Site for airborne dust and vehicle emissions shall be undertaken at locations where works are being carried out and records maintained of these inspections. • Hourly wind speed and wind direction data that correlates to the site location shall be obtained and maintained in the Contractor’s records and made available to the Superintendent upon request. (iv) Timing Sampling frequency for dust deposition and directional dust is based on the risk of generation of nuisance dust and is season dependent. Dust deposition and directional dust sampling frequency shall comply with Table 1200.071. Table 1200.071 Period Sampling Frequency November to March 14 day consecutive period April to October 30 day consecutive period (d) Human Health Impacts - Particulate Matter Monitoring ##(DELETE if not required – refer to Environmental Sustainability for advice prior to including this clause): (i) Monitoring of PM 10 shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of any of the following Australian Standards: • AS 3580.9.6 (high volume sampler (HVS)) • AS 3580.9.7 (dichotomous sampler) • AS 3580.9.8 (TEOM analyser) • AS 3580.9.9 (low volume sampler (LVS)) • AS 3580.9.11 (beta attenuation monitor (BAM)) (ii) The concentration of PM 10 shall be determined as a 24 hour average, from midnight to midnight, and shall not exceed 60 µg/m 3. (iii) Sampling frequency shall be continuous, daily or 1 in 2 days/3 days/6 days.##(edit as applicable): (e) Human Health Impacts – Soil Contamination ##(DELETE if not required – refer to Environmental Sustainability for advice prior to including this clause): (i) If soil contamination is detected during road construction activities, the extent of contamination and the contaminants present shall be determined. The Contractor shall consult with the Superintendent to establish the requirements for Environment Protection Authority notification and to establish an appropriate ambient air quality monitoring programme scope. (ii) If soil contaminated with metals is detected during road construction activities, total suspended particulate matter (TSP) sampling shall be conducted in accordance with Australian Standard AS 3580.9.3. The concentration of TSP shall be determined as a 24 hour average, from midnight to midnight. Sampling frequency shall depend upon the season, and hence the risk of TSP generation, and shall be determined by reference to Table 1200.073. Table 1200.073 Period Sampling Frequency November to March 1 in 2 days/3 days ##(edit as applicable): April to October 1 in 6 days 1200.08 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL (a) General All exposed surfaces shall be free of or treated to minimise erosion. Erosion and sediment controls shall include but are not limited to: • minimising the amount of exposed erodable surfaces during construction including the staging of works; • prompt temporary and/or permanent progressive revegetation of the Site as work proceeds; *** • prompt covering of exposed surfaces (including batters and stockpiles) that would otherwise remain bare for more than ##28: days - cover may include mulch, erosion control mat or seeding with sterile grass; • installation, stabilisation and maintenance of catch and diversion drains that segregate water runoff from catchments outside the construction site from water exposed to the construction site; • installation and maintenance of erosion and sedimentation controls, established in accordance with EPA best practice guidelines for the treatment of sediment laden run-off resulting from construction activities; • adequately control and route runoff within the construction site to the appropriate sedimentation controls; and • where trees are required to be removed more than two months in advance of any construction works, remove only that part of the tree that is above ground level and where possible allow the roots to remain intact beneath the ground surface to assist with erosion control. (b) Work in/near Waterways Works shall be programmed and managed so as to avoid work in waterways. Where work in waterways is unavoidable, procedures shall be developed and implemented to satisfy the requirements of this Clause 1200 and as required by any permits from the responsible authority(s). Where construction activities are undertaken in, near or over waterways, Environmental Management Plan(s) shall be prepared to protect beneficial uses in accordance with any permit, the State Environment Protection Policy (Waters of Victoria), its schedules and best practice guidelines. (c) Sedimentation Basins Sedimentation basins shall be used as the primary sediment control for the works unless the Contractor can demonstrate that the implementation of a sedimentation basin is not technically feasible for the works. Where sedimentation basins are proposed as control measures, basins shall be designed to contain flows from a rainfall event having an Average Recurrence Interval of not less than 2 years and 6 hours duration when allowing for a 30% reduction in capacity as a result of sediment accumulation. Sedimentation basins shall be modelled and sized to manage rainfall intensities and soil characteristics specific to the region shall be used. The sizing and modelling of sedimentation basin(s) shall consider the expected works and associated area of disturbance within catchment areas(s) within the site. The sizing and modelling of temporary sedimentation basins shall be undertaken utilising recognised ‘best practice’ modelling techniques or by utilising ‘VicRoads Temporary Sedimentation Basin Design Tool’. Spillways or bypass systems (installations that divert all clean surface flows around a works site) shall be designed for an event having an Average Recurrence Interval of 5 years. An independent hydraulic consultant who has demonstrated competence and suitable experience in the design of temporary sedimentation basins, shall complete and sign a declaration in accordance with the proforma included in Appendix E2 of this specification. The declaration shall accompany submission of the sedimentation basin designs to the Superintendent. HP The Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent the temporary sedimentation designs and the associated independent verification declarations not less than 2 weeks prior to the commencement of construction of the temporary sedimentation basin. Sedimentation basins shall be cleaned out whenever the accumulated sediment has reduced the capacity of the basin by 30 percent or more, or whenever the sediment has built up to a point where it is less than 500 mm below the spillway crest, whichever occurs earlier. The Contractor shall maintain the capacity of the sedimentation basin and shall ensure compliance with Clause 1200.04(b)(ii) if dewatering to a waterway. (d) Stockpiles Where soil is stockpiled on Site, such stockpiles shall be located, where possible, to provide a clearance of not less than 10 metres from waterways. Where it is not possible to provide a clearance of 10 metres, the stockpile shall be above the normal high water level of the waterways and additional protection shall be provided to prevent the stockpiled material entering the waterways. (e) Monitoring The Contractor shall inspect the whole Site for instances of soil erosion or scour and the effectiveness of erosion and sedimentation controls in accordance with the following: • at intervals not more than 7 days; • within one hour of the commencement of any runoff resulting from rain events during working hours; • every 4 hours during periods of continuous rain during working hours; and • within 12 hours of a rain event outside working hours. Any defects and/or deficiencies in control measures identified by monitoring undertaken shall be rectified immediately and these control measures shall be cleaned, repaired and augmented as required to ensure effective control thereafter. 1200.09 CONTAMINATED SOILS AND MATERIALS (a) General All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • soils or materials shall not be contaminated as a consequence of work under the Contract; • materials imported to the Site shall be free from contamination; • contaminated materials shall only be reused on site through agreement and approval from the Superintendent and EPA; • contaminated materials to be reused onsite as part of the Contract shall be temporarily stored and managed to minimise any impact on the Site or surrounding environment; and • the transport and disposal of contaminated soils or materials off-site shall be undertaken in accordance with relevant legislation and State Environment Protection Policies. (b) Discovery of Contaminated Material The discovery of contaminated material on the site during works shall be managed in accordance with VicRoads and EPA Guidelines. In the event that contaminated material is encountered on the Site, the Contractor shall: (i) notify the Superintendent and where applicable EPA; (ii) undertake comprehensive sampling and analysis to determine the type, levels and extent of contamination in accordance with VicRoads and EPA guidelines (refer Table 1200.191); (iii) investigate the opportunity to reuse the contaminated soil and/or material as a fill material on-site; and (iv) ensure that any proposed reuse and/or disposal methods are acceptable to the Superintendent and the EPA. (c) Use of Contaminated Material The use of contaminated material in the work under the contract shall be subject to the approval of the Superintendent and the EPA. The Contractor shall follow procedures and best practice containment and management techniques in VicRoads guidelines and relevant EPA documentation when such materials are reused onsite (refer Table 1200.191). Prior to the use of any contaminated material on the Site, the material shall be analysed to verify that the proposed use is in accordance with legislative requirements. Where directed an Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP) or other documentation shall be prepared in liaison with EPA and the Superintendent. Where any contaminated material is used in the works, records shall be kept of the source, type of contamination, volume of contaminated material incorporated, the locations placed and all investigations undertaken. The location of contaminated material incorporated into the site shall be identified in the ‘As Constructed’ drawings. Copies of all documentation including the EIP are to be forwarded to the Superintendent for inclusion within VicRoads Contaminated Site Register. (d) Monitoring The Contractor shall undertake a visual assessment of the Site for contaminated soils and materials at the following intervals: When stripping: Daily During excavations: Daily When importing filling material: Daily 1200.10 WASTE AND RESOURCE USE (a) General The generation of waste materials shall be managed in accordance with the hierarchy, to avoid, reuse, recycle or dispose of waste material. The Contractor shall be responsible for the management of any waste produced in performing the work under the Contract or otherwise. All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • the nature of wastes generated as a consequence of works under the Contract shall be identified; • wastes shall be stored prior to reuse or disposal to minimise any impact on the Site or surrounding environment; • where approval is granted to incorporate recycled materials into the Works, the Contractor shall maintain appropriate records of the type of material and its location. In particular, records shall include the tonnage of recycled crumbed rubber used in asphalt pavements and chip seal works and all recycled crushed concrete used in pavement construction; • vehicles transporting waste shall be covered and appropriately licensed. Unless otherwise agreed by the Superintendent and where recycling facilities are available, the materials shall be managed in accordance with Table 1200.101. Table 1200.101 Resource Management Requirements Material Waste Management Option Asbestos EPA licensed landfill (removed and transported by EPA licensed contractor) Table 1200.101 Resource Management Requirements Material Waste Management Option Asphalt Recycle or reuse - not to landfill Concrete and concrete washings Recycle or reuse - not to landfill Contaminated Soil Recycle or reuse on site if opportunity exists If removed from site, transported by an EPA licensed contractor and disposed in accordance with EPA regulations Felled woody vegetation (except Mulched for reuse, or used for habitat logs fragments of noxious or environmental weeds capable of regeneration) Woody weed fragments capable of Burial on site (deeper than 500 mm and not in fill, pavement or other regeneration critical areas), composting involving pasteurisation, or disposal to landfill Formwork Reuse or dispose to landfill Plastics (Recycle Nos. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Recycling facility - not to landfill Metal Recycle or reuse - not to landfill Oil containers and lead acid batteries Recycling facility - not to landfill Packaging materials Recycle where possible or dispose to landfill Empty paint tins Recycling facility - not to landfill Petroleum products from spills (absorbed Recycle or reuse with rehabilitation of contaminated soils if opportunity in spill kit material or contaminated soil) exists Transported by an EPA licensed contractor and disposed in accordance with EPA regulations Timber (untreated) Recycle - not to landfill Litter Recycle where possible or dispose to landfill Office waste Recycle where possible or dispose to landfill Other waste excluding the above wastes Recycle or reuse if opportunity exists EPA licensed facility (b) Monitoring The Contractor shall monitor the whole Site for instances of inappropriate waste management or disposal at intervals of not more than weekly. 1200.11 FUELS AND CHEMICALS (a) General Any leakage or spillage of any fuels or chemicals shall not have a detrimental environmental impact. Environmental Management Plan(s) shall include specific procedures to mitigate the effect on the environment from fuels and chemicals, including herbicides and pesticides. Such procedures shall include but not be limited to: • nominated fuel and chemical storage areas that comply with Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000 and EPA Bunding Guidelines (EPA Publication 347) including signing of compounds and bulk storage containers; • nominated points for the refuelling and fluid top up of vehicles and plant which shall be undertaken in a designated area at least 20 m from any drainage point or waterways; • provision of readily accessible and maintained spill kits for the purpose of cleaning up chemical, oil and fuel spillages on the Site at all times; • ensuring that personnel trained in the efficient deployment of the spill kits are readily available in the event of spillages; and • a contingency plan that shall address the containment, treatment and disposal of any spill. (b) Monitoring Fuel and chemical storages and equipment fill areas shall be monitored for compliance with this clause at intervals of not more than 7 days. 1200.12 NOISE (a) General All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • hours of work shall be in accordance with Clause 1150.01; • construction vehicles and equipment shall have appropriate measures fitted and be effectively maintained to minimise engine noise; • noisy equipment shall be enclosed where possible; • establishment of temporary noise attenuation barriers where appropriate; • scheduling noisy work practices (e.g. pile driving) to minimise likelihood of community annoyance; and • use of smart movement alarms for vehicles particularly when working in proximity to noise sensitive receptors or where working outside normal hours. 1200.13 FLORA AND FAUNA (a) General All work under the Contract shall comply with the following requirements: • avoid, minimise and offset (where appropriate) the removal of native vegetation during construction; • avoid injury to fauna or damage to protected vegetation or habitat; and • the discovery of significant flora and fauna sites, species or habitat not previously identified shall be managed to protect flora and fauna. (b) Permits and Approvals The permits and/or approvals identified in Table 1200.131 have already been obtained, or are being obtained by VicRoads. Works under the Contract shall comply with all permits and approvals and associated conditions. Table 1200.131 Flora and Fauna Permits Obtained by VicRoads Site / Species Permit / Approval Number Issuing Authority Flora ##: Table 1200.131 Flora and Fauna Permits Obtained by VicRoads Site / Species Permit / Approval Number Issuing Authority Fauna ##: Permits from relevant authorities must be obtained prior to disturbance of flora/fauna sites or relocation of native fauna affected by works under the Contract. (c) Protection of Flora and Fauna Sites Works shall not damage, disturb or otherwise adversely impact: • vegetation/habitat sites and areas of significance listed in Table 1200.132; • any other significant vegetation/habitat sites, not listed in Table 1200.132, that are not required to be removed for permanent works; and • any significant native flora/fauna sites or habitat discovered during works under the Contract without prior approval from the Superintendent and obtaining all relevant permits. Table 1200.132 Vegetation/Habitat Site Chainage/AMG grid reference/location ##[insert site detail, e.g. State ##E [insert grid reference e.g. 321900]: significant species]: ##N [insert grid reference e.g. 5828525]: ##or refer to Volume 2 – Drawings or flora/fauna reports as required: ##: ##: All personnel working on site shall be trained in the identification of: • flora or habitat sites listed in Table 1200.132, and other vegetation/habitat sites that are not to be damaged or disturbed; and • likely significant flora and fauna species which may be present and the actions required for their management if encountered. All sites nominated in Table 1200.132 and any additional existing vegetation and native fauna habitat identified to be retained, shall be identified as ‘No-Go Zones’ and protected by temporary fencing and signage. All fencing of ‘No-Go Zones’ shall as a minimum be: • erected a minimum of 1 metre beyond the boundary of the habitat to be protected, or the drip line of the trees, or as agreed by the Superintendent; • constructed of star picket, paraweb one wire support; • communicated by signage installed on the temporary fencing at intervals no less than 20 metres apart stating ‘Protected Area – No Unauthorised Access’; and • retained in place for the duration of the construction period (until Practical Completion). HP Prior to removing any vegetation or habitat, the Contractor shall: • arrange an on-site inspection with the Superintendent and other relevant authorities to confirm and clearly identify and mark trees, vegetation or habitat to be removed, consistent with the Contract drawings and any relevant permits; and • fence and sign all sites nominated as No-Go Zones. Plant, equipment, material or debris shall not be placed or stored within the limit of the root zone of vegetation to be retained. (d) Removal of Flora and Protection of Fauna A suitably qualified ecologist with the appropriate permits/licences shall be present on Site during the removal of vegetation to: • identify and examine any trees (including hollow bearing trees) and/or fallen logs affected by works under the Contract to identify, capture and relocate fauna identified within the zone to be cleared; and • provide advice on alternative fauna habitat sites. If appropriate, relocation of any fauna or nests shall be made to adjacent habitat and shall be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Sustainability and Environment. Where practicable, any nests found to be inhabited by native birds or by mammals (e.g. possums or gliders) shall be removed outside of the species’ breeding season. (e) Discovery of Significant Flora or Fauna In the event that significant flora or fauna is discovered, the Contractor shall immediately cease operation and notify the Superintendent. An appropriately qualified ecologist shall be engaged to accurately identify and provide advice for the management of the discovered significant flora or fauna species. The Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent a procedure/management plan that has been approved by the relevant authority to manage the flora or fauna species. (f) Damage to Protected Vegetation Where damage to flora or fauna habitat has occurred as the result of work under the Contract, the Superintendent reserves the right to direct the Contractor to repair or offset the vegetation and/or provide fauna habitat to an equivalent or better quality in accordance with the documents ‘Victoria’s Native Vegetation: A Framework for Action’ and ‘Native Vegetation Revegetation Planting Standards June 2006’. The removal or damage of protected vegetation and/or habitat listed in Table 1200.132 as a result of the works under the Contract will cause a deduction to be applied and deducted in accordance with Section 4010. (g) Monitoring The Contractor shall undertake monitoring of the condition of flora and fauna habitat sites and protective measures at the sites at the following intervals: When construction activities are occurring in the vicinity of the sites: Daily At other times: At least every 7 days ##: ##: (h) ##Insert requirements for additional flora/fauna investigations to be undertaken by the Contractor, or other specific flora/fauna requirements not included in references in Table 1200.031. Delete box if not required: 1200.14 WEEDS, PESTS AND DISEASES (a) General Declared weeds, pests and diseases (also referred to as pathogens) shall not be introduced to the Site, spread through the Site, or removed from the Site (if present) as a consequence of work under the Contract. The Contractor shall prevent the spread of declared weeds, pests and diseases within the Site and off-site through the implementation of controls that as a minimum shall include: • treatment of declared weeds prior to the commencement of any ground disturbing activities and in response to their identification through monitoring of the site; • management of weed and soil pathogen potential within imported materials; • provision for cleaning plant and equipment prior to: - arrival on Site - departure from Site - movement within the Site from infested to non-infested areas; • location of cleaning areas; • use of a vehicle and machinery hygiene log book. (b) Cinnamon Fungus ##(this clause only applies to projects that are to be undertaken in high risk infested zone/area - strikethrough all of (b) if this is not relevant): Topsoil shall not be removed from the site. Plant involved in the initial earthworks shall be cleaned and then disinfected with a disinfectant applied with a high pressure pump spray prior to leaving the site. (c) Phylloxera ##(this clause only applies to projects that are to be undertaken in Phylloxera Infected Zones (PIZ) as identified by the Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia website mapping - strikethrough all of (c) if this is not relevant): Contractors shall contact the Department of Primary Industries (DPI) to discuss and develop an agreed procedure for the movement and protocol requirements of plant and equipment within the Phylloxera Infected Zone. (d) Monitoring The Site shall be monitored for the presence of weeds and pests at intervals of not more than ## (weekly/fortnightly/other):. 1200.15 CULTURAL HERITAGE (a) General Cultural heritage sites and areas of cultural significance shall not be damaged, disturbed or otherwise adversely impacted unless an appropriate authorisation has been obtained. Aboriginal Cultural Heritage ## strikethrough one of the following two paragraphs: *** The Contractor shall undertake all works under the Contract in accordance with the requirements set out in the Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) ##(insert name of the CHMP):. The requirements set out in Clause 1200.15(d), (e) and (f) of this Specification are not applicable for the management of Aboriginal Cultural Heritage. *** A Cultural Heritage Management Plan has not been prepared for the works under this Contract. Works shall comply with any cultural heritage management procedures or initiatives outlined in an Aboriginal cultural heritage agreement or Aboriginal cultural heritage permit listed in Table 1200.151. Non-Aboriginal Cultural Heritage The work under the Contract shall be undertaken to comply with any non-Aboriginal cultural heritage permit relevant to the project. Non-Aboriginal Cultural Heritage shall be protected from unauthorised disturbance during site establishment and construction. (b) Permits and Approvals The permits and/or approvals identified in Table 1200.151 have already been obtained, or are being obtained by VicRoads. The Contractor shall comply with the terms and conditions of these permits and approvals. Table 1200.151 Heritage Permits and Approvals Obtained by the Principal (including Cultural Heritage Management Plans) Site Permit / Approval Number Issuing Authority Aboriginal Cultural Heritage ##: Non-Aboriginal Cultural Heritage ##: (c) Cultural Heritage Sites Table 1200.152 lists known Cultural Heritage sites. Table 1200.152 Chainage/AMG grid Site Reference number reference/location Aboriginal Cultural Heritage e.g. Isolated artefact scatter: ## e.g. AAV 7822 / 935: ## e.g. E:321900, N:5828525: Non-Aboriginal Cultural Heritage ## e.g. Dry-stone wall, stone shed foundations, ## e.g. H7822 / 0271: ## e.g. E: 322650, N:5831175: corrugated iron: (d) Protection of Cultural Heritage A ‘No-Go Zone’ shall be established for identified Cultural Heritage sites that are to be protected during the work under the Contract. Temporary fencing of ‘No-Go Zones’ shall be: • constructed of, as a minimum, star pickets, single strand of wire at the top and paraweb; • located a minimum of 1 metre beyond the limit of the Cultural Heritage site; and • retained in place for the duration of the construction period (until Practical Completion), or until removal of the Cultural Heritage from the Site. Signage shall be installed on the temporary fencing at intervals no less than 20 metres apart stating ‘Protected Area – No Unauthorised Access’. (e) Discovery of Cultural Heritage The following procedure will apply in the event of the discovery i.e. uncovering and/or identification of any Cultural Heritage during construction: • immediate notification of the Superintendent; • work at the immediate location to be suspended, and the site isolated by a ‘No-Go Zone’ as specified in Clause 1200.15(e), pending completion of an evaluation of the Cultural Heritage and the determination of an appropriate course of protective action; • the Contractor shall evaluate the nature and extent of the Cultural Heritage. A Cultural Heritage Advisor shall be engaged to assist in this evaluation; • work greater than 50 metres away from the area in which the Cultural Heritage was uncovered and/or identified may recommence and continue. Work in areas less than 50 metres from the Cultural Heritage site may proceed if agreed by the relevant Cultural Heritage Approval Authority, and in consultation with any other relevant cultural heritage stakeholders and the Superintendent; • the Contractor shall consult with the Superintendent, relevant Cultural Heritage Approval Authorities, any monitor(s) on site and the Contractor’s Cultural Heritage Advisor to determine the process to be followed to manage the discovered Cultural Heritage, and how to proceed with the works. The Superintendent’s agreement shall be obtained to the proposed process for management of the discovered Cultural Heritage prior to implementation. • within 24 hours notify any monitor(s) on site, any engaged Cultural Heritage Advisor and the relevant Cultural Heritage Approval Authorities of the discovery of Cultural Heritage and its location; • the Contractor shall obtain the relevant Cultural Heritage approval prior to any disturbance of Cultural Heritage discovered during construction and shall comply with all conditions of any such approval. Removal of any Cultural Heritage from the Site shall be undertaken in accordance with statutory requirements and relevant Cultural Heritage approval conditions; • works may recommence in the relevant area if all relevant Cultural Heritage records have been updated and/or completed, and - - works can resume without risk to the discovered Cultural Heritage, or - the discovered Cultural Heritage been removed from the relevant part of the works area, or - any agreed or stipulated Cultural Heritage management actions have been fully implemented. (f) Monitoring The Contractor shall undertake a visual assessment of the Site for Cultural Heritage during ground disturbing activities. The condition of heritage sites and protective measures at the sites shall be monitored at the following intervals: When construction activities are occurring within 10 m of Daily the sites: At other times: At least every 7 days 1200.16 REPORTING (a) General All environmental monitoring results and all non-conformance reports relating to environmental performance and current status shall be submitted to the Superintendent at the site meetings held in accordance with Clause 1065. The Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent copies of the information listed in Table 1200.161, including the data for the latest reporting period and a summary of use to date in the Contract. Table 1200.161 Data/Information Frequency Pollution Infringement Notices or Pollution Abatement Within 24 hours of receipt by the Notices and/or any notices of prosecution Contractor Statutory documents obtained by the Contractor as part Within one week of receipt by the of the project (e.g. permits) Contractor ## (this reporting requirement only applies to Alliance Projects - strikethrough if not applicable):Itemised quantities of energy use (electricity and gas) including Monthly the proportion of renewable sources, office water consumption and waste disposal Results of any air quality and water quality monitoring Monthly undertaken as part of the project The extent and quality of remnant native vegetation Quarterly (identified as an EVC) and scattered trees removed Itemised fuel use on-site by contractors and Quarterly subcontractors Itemised quantities and types of materials used on site Quarterly including recycled materials Itemised quantities and types of materials sent off site Quarterly including prescribed waste certificates Itemised quantities and sources of all water used on site Quarterly (b) INVEST Sustainability Rating Tool Reporting ## (this clause only applies to projects where the INVEST Sustainability Rating Tool is planned for use within the contract. Strikethrough all of (b) if INVEST is not planned for use): In addition to the reporting requirement in Table 1200.161, the Contractor shall provide all data/information and objective evidence applicable to assess the sustainability of the project in VicRoads Environmental Sustainability Tool (INVEST). The additional data/information shall be submitted to the Superintendent quarterly. (c) Notice of Authority Inspections The Contractor shall notify the Superintendent within 24 hours of all environmental inspections, correspondence and/or discussions with the EPA or other authorities. The Contractor shall allow site access to authorities, however must do so in a manner that protects the health and safety of the authority representatives. 1200.17 ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE In the event that an environmental incident occurs in relation to the work under the Contract, the Contractor shall: • take immediate action to avoid continuance of the incident (which may include cessation of work), and to minimise the effect of the incident on the environment, as outlined in any Environmental Management or Environmental Improvement Plans; • immediately notify the Superintendent and EPA Pollution Watch (Tel. 1300EPA) or other responsible authorities (e.g. AAV, Municipal Council) of the incident (or by 9am the next working day if the incident occurs outside of working hours); and • submit to the Superintendent for review an incident report within 7 days of the incident. The incident report shall include photographs where available and cover details of the incident and the proposed corrective action to avoid a re-occurrence. 1200.18 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS The Contractor shall arrange audits of the Environmental Management Strategy, Environmental Management Plan(s) in accordance with Clause 2010.05(a). The Contractor shall co-operate with any reasonable requests from any relevant environmental agencies to undertake environmental audits of surveillance activities of the Contract. 1200.19 REFERENCES Unless otherwise specified, environment protection shall be implemented in accordance with, but not limited to, the references listed in Table 1200.191. The reference shall be the edition or version current at the time of closing of tenders, unless otherwise specified. Table 1200.191 References [List is not necessarily complete or exhaustive] STATUTORY GUIDELINES / PUBLICATIONS Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council - Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters Environment Protection Authority Publication 275 – Construction Techniques for Sediment Pollution Control Environment Protection Authority Publication 347 – Bunding Guidelines Environment Protection Authority Publication 441 – A Guide to the Sampling and Analysis of Waters, Wastewaters, Soils and Wastes Table 1200.191 References [List is not necessarily complete or exhaustive] Environment Protection Authority Publication 448 – Classifications of Wastes Environment Protection Authority Publication 480 – Environmental Guidelines for Major Construction Sites Environment Protection Authority Publication 464.2 – Use of Reclaimed Water Environment Protection Authority Publication 669 – Groundwater Sampling Guidelines Environment Protection Authority Publication 960 – Doing It Right On Subdivisions Environment Protection Authority Publication 1178 – Off-site Management and Acceptance to Landfill State Environment Protection Policy (Air Quality Management) State Environment Protection Policy (Groundwaters of Victoria) State Environment Protection Policy (Prevention and Management of Contaminated Land) State Environment Protection Policy (Waters of Victoria) and schedules Department of Sustainability and Environment - Native Vegetation Revegetation Planting Standards June 2006 Department of Sustainability and Environment - Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management. A Framework for Action VICROADS DOCUMENTS VicRoads Environmental Sustainability Policy VicRoads Environmental Management Guidelines VicRoads Integrated Water Management Guidelines VicRoads Contaminated Land (Planning, Construction & Maintenance) Guidelines VicRoads Cultural Heritage Guidelines VicRoads Biodiversity Guidelines VicRoads Noise Guidelines - Construction and Maintenance Works AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AS 2724.5 (1987) Ambient Air Particulate Matter Part 5 – Determination of impinged matter expressed as direction dirtiness, background dirtiness and/or area dirtiness (directional dust gauge method) AS 3580.10.1 (2003) – Method for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 10.1 Determination of particulate matter – deposited matter – Gravimetric method AS 3580.9.6 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.6: Determination of suspended particulate matter—PM10 high volume sampler with size selective inlet—Gravimetric method AS 3580.9.7 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.7: Determination of suspended particulate matter—PM10 dichotomous sampler — Gravimetric method AS 3580.9.8 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.8: Determination of suspended particulate matter — PM10 continuous direct mass method using a tapered element oscillating microbalance analyser AS 3580.9.9 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.9: Determination of suspended particulate matter — PM10 low volume sampler — Gravimetric method Table 1200.191 References [List is not necessarily complete or exhaustive] AS 3580.9.11 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 9.11: Determination of suspended particulate matter — PM10 beta attenuation monitors ADDITIONAL REPORTS AND TOOLS Austroads Guide to Road Design - Part 6B: Roadside Environment and VicRoads Supplement to AGRD Part 6B Engineers Australia - Australian Runoff Quality Melbourne Water (2005) WSUD Engineering Procedures: Stormwater VicRoads Greenhouse Gas Calculator 2011 VicRoads Temporary Sedimentation Basin Design Tool VicRoads Project Environment Protection Strategy ##(insert name, date and version): ##(insert report names relating to Flora and Fauna studies): ##(insert report names relating to Cultural Heritage studies): ##(insert report names of other relevant pre-construction investigations): ##(insert any other relevant references): 2010 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS GENERAL 2010.01 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM STANDARDS The Works under this Contract shall be undertaken in accordance with a Quality Management System that meets the requirements of relevant AS/NZS ISO Standards for Quality Management Systems including: AS/NZS ISO 9001: 2008 Quality management systems – requirements AS/NZS ISO 14001: 1996 Environmental Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use The Quality Management System shall demonstrate compliance with all relevant Acts and Regulations and the requirements of the Contract specification. 2010.02 QUALITY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Quality terms and definitions shall be as defined by the Australian Standard AS/NZS ISO 9000:2000 Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary. Other definition and terms shall be as follows: ‘accredited laboratory ’ or ‘accredited method’ means - (i) for all inspections (other than for material that is supplied from outside Australia) a laboratory or method (as the case requires) accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) for those inspections or inspection methods, (ii) for all material that is supplied from outside Australia, a laboratory or method accredited by NATA for those inspections or inspection methods or by another laboratory or method accredited by a recognised certifying body approved in the Contract or, if the Contract does not provide such approval, then by a recognised certifying body approved by the Superintendent; ‘inspection ’ means and incorporates measuring, testing or otherwise examining goods and services or works or materials (including, where appropriate, raw materials, components and intermediate assemblies) for determining conformity with the specified requirements; ‘measuring ’ includes checking for line, level, dimensional accuracy and quantity; ‘test ’ includes taking of samples and specimens and preparation of materials and work for testing; ‘Hold Point ’ means those points beyond which the stated activity must not proceed without the Superintendent's approval to proceed. The Superintendent's approval to proceed beyond the Hold Point does not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for satisfactory execution or performance of the work. Hold Points are identified in the specification by the letters HP in the left margin and by bold text print or arise from a nonconformity. Text which is bold typed but not identified by the letters HP in the left margin does not reflect a Hold Point. Such text reflects specified obligations on the Contractor requiring the review or approval of the Superintendent. They are bold typed for ease of identification. 2010.03 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The Contractor shall submit for review by the Superintendent a controlled copy of the management strategies, quality plans and procedures relating to work under the Contract. The management system documents required under the Contract shall cover but not be limited to the following management strategies: Design Management Strategy Construction Management Strategy Traffic Management Strategy Environmental Management Strategy Occupational Health and Safety - Site Safety Strategy Utility Services Management Strategy A management strategy, quality plan or procedure shall be changed if it: (a) does not adequately address the specification requirements; (b) is causing non-conformity; (c) has to be changed because of an audit; or (d) no longer represents current or appropriate practice. The Contractor shall immediately notify the Superintendent of any proposed change to the management strategies, quality plans or procedures and the amended documentation shall be submitted to the Superintendent for review within 5 working days of such notice. 2010.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPRESENTATIVE ##(strikethrough one of the paragraphs below): *** The Contractor shall appoint a person as Quality Assurance Representative to manage and administer the Contractor's Quality Management System in accordance with the appropriate Australian Standard(s). *** The Contractor shall appoint a full time Quality Assurance Representative to manage and administer the Contractor’s Quality Management System as required by the applicable Australian Standard(s). The Quality Assurance Representative shall be available on site on an as-required basis and shall have no direct responsibility for the management of works. 2010.05 SURVEILLANCE AND AUDITS BY THE CONTRACTOR The Contractor shall undertake audits and surveillance of its own systems and those systems of its subcontractors and suppliers to verify that the Contract requirements are being met. The frequency of the audits and surveillance shall be appropriate to the nature of the work being performed. Appropriate records of surveillance activities shall be maintained by the Contractor and shall be available for inspection by the Superintendent upon request. As part of the progress report for Site Meetings required under Clause 1065, the Contractor shall provide the Superintendent with a summary of all proposed and completed audit and surveillance activities. The Contractor shall ensure that surveillance is carried out by staff that have demonstrated competence and suitable experience in surveillance in a construction environment. The Contractor shall provide written notice of surveillance personnel, including full details of their relevant experience and qualifications, prior to undertaking such activities. The Contractor shall provide the Superintendent with advance notice of its proposed audits and surveillance of subcontractors and suppliers. The Contractor shall confirm with the Superintendent, with at least 2 business days notice, the date and time of each audit or surveillance and allow the Superintendent to attend the audit or surveillance if so desired. A copy of all subcontractor and supplier audit reports and subsequent Non-Conformance Reports shall be submitted to the Superintendent within 5 business days of them being undertaken. Further to this, where Non-Conformances are identified, the Contractor shall advise the Superintendent and obtain approval to the disposition prior to any subsequent works proceeding. The Contractor shall carry out audits in accordance with the requirements of AS/NZS ISO 19011 : 2003. Auditors shall meet the criteria specified in AS/NZS ISO 19011 : 2003. (a) Independent Auditing of Environmental Management In addition to regular monitoring and maintenance of environmental protection measures in accordance with Section 1200 and the Contractor’s Environmental Management Strategy (EMS) and Plans (EMPs), the Contractor shall engage an Independent Environmental Auditor to undertake independent audits of the Contractor’s EMS and EMPs. The Independent Environmental Auditor shall: • be independent of the Contractor (a specialist in the employ of the Contractor is not acceptable); • be listed on VicRoads ‘Register for Pre-qualified Contractors and Consultants’ for the level ‘Environmental Auditing (Construction)’; or • be an Industrial Facilities Auditor pursuant to the Victorian Environment Protection Act 1970; and • have no involvement in the development of the Contractor’s EMS or EMPs for works under this Contract. Independent audits shall include, as a minimum, the following: • an audit of the Contractor’s Environmental Management System, including the Contractor’s EMS and EMPs, against the requirements of ISO 14001 and this Specification, prior to commencing work on site; • compliance audits of the Contractor’s EMPs as specified in Clause 1200.18(b)for the duration of work on Site; • compliance audits of construction phase water quality treatment measures on a monthly basis for the duration of the Works on Site. (b) Independent Auditing of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) In addition to the regular monitoring and maintenance of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) measures identified in the Contractor’s OH&S Management System, the Contractor shall engage an independent Occupational Health and Safety specialist to undertake independent audits of the Contractor’s OH&S Management Strategy and Site Safety Plans. The Independent OH&S Auditor shall meet the criterion of Clause 1190.02(b)(iii). Independent audits shall include, as a minimum, the following: • an audit of the Contractor’s Quality System and OH&S Management System against the requirements of this Specification, prior to commencement of work on Site; • compliance audits of the Contractor’s OH&S Management System, including both the Contractor’s OH&S Management Strategy and Site Safety Plans, for the duration of work on Site at a minimum frequency of once every three months. (c) General Where a non-conformance is identified, immediate written notice shall be provided to the Superintendent. The Auditor shall nominate the time frame for resolution, and timing for close out of the non-conformance. If the Contractor does not take action on a non-conformance within the timeframe nominated by the Auditor, the Superintendent may act to resolve the non- conformance and the cost of such action shall be deducted from the Contract Sum. Urgent works will be treated in accordance with Clause 39 of the General Conditions of Contract. A copy of non-conformances arising from audits shall be provided to the Superintendent within 24 hours of completion of the audit. A copy of the Auditor’s reports shall be provided to the Superintendent within 5 business days of the date of the audit, together with proposed and/or implemented actions for any non-conformances. Notwithstanding the above, the Superintendent may arrange for audits of the Contractor’s Management Strategies and Plans at any time and may request corrective action as part of the ongoing surveillance of the Contractor’s Quality System. Details of the resolution of all non-conformances shall be forwarded to the Superintendent before the Certificate of Practical Completion will be issued. 2010.06 SURVEILLANCE AND AUDITS BY THE SUPERINTENDENT The Superintendent will arrange surveillance and audits to verify the effectiveness of the Management Systems and compliance with the management strategies, quality plans, procedures and this specification. The Contractor shall, upon being given reasonable notice by the Superintendent, make or arrange to be available all facilities, documentation, records and personnel, including those of any subcontractors, that are reasonably required for audits or surveillance to be undertaken. The Superintendent may arrange audit and surveillance of the work of all sub-contractors and suppliers as it sees fit, in the same way that it may carry out audit and surveillance of all work done and materials supplied by the Contractor. The Superintendent may for this purpose have recourse to audit and surveillance records carried out for other VicRoads contracts. Copies of any such audit and surveillance reports used by the Superintendent will be provided to the Contractor. Such auditing and surveillance by VicRoads will not relieve the Contractor of its responsibilities for auditing and surveillance of its subcontractors. Notwithstanding that VicRoads may have previously undertaken audits of a subcontractor’s quality management system in connection with other work, the Contractor shall include the operations of all such subcontractors in its management strategies and quality plans and shall fulfil all the quality obligations of the Contract. 2010.07 CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING PRODUCT Where the disposition of a non-conformity violates the contractual requirements, a Hold Point is automatically created and the activity shall not proceed without the Superintendent's approval to proceed. A report of the non-conformity shall be submitted to the Superintendent which shall include: (a) the details of the non-conformity; (b) the proposed disposition to resolve the non-conformity; and (c) the proposed corrective action. 2010.08 NOMINATED HOLD POINTS The Contractor’s quality plans and procedures shall identify Hold Points including all Hold Points required under this Specification. All Hold Points in the relevant sections of the VicRoads Standard Specification for Roadworks and Bridgeworks and any Hold Points required by the relevant Rail Entities shall be included as Hold Points in the Contractor’s specification and quality management system.