Presentació Sri Lanka, L'antiga Ceilan, És Coneguda
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The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-War Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul
An Opportunity Lost The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-war Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by: Dr. Andrew Shorten Submitted to the University of Limerick, November 2016 Abstract This research studies the trajectory of Sinhalese nationalism during the presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa from 2005 to 2015. The role of nationalism in the protracted conflict between Sinhalese and Tamils is well understood, but the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 has changed the framework within which both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalism operated. With speculations about the future of nationalism abound, this research set out to address the question of how the end of the war has affected Sinhalese nationalism, which remains closely linked to politics in the country. It employs a discourse analytical framework to compare the construction of Sinhalese nationalism in official documents produced by Rajapaksa and his government before and after 2009. A special focus of this research is how through their particular constructions and representations of Sinhalese nationalism these discourses help to reproduce power relations before and after the end of the war. It argues that, despite Rajapaksa’s vociferous proclamations of a ‘new patriotism’ promising a united nation without minorities, he and his government have used the momentum of the defeat of the Tamil Tigers to entrench their position by continuing to mobilise an exclusive nationalism and promoting the revival of a Sinhalese-dominated nation. The analysis of history textbooks, presidential rhetoric and documentary films provides a contemporary empirical account of the discursive construction of the core dimensions of Sinhalese nationalist ideology. -
Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Article Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Manjula Ranagalage 1,2,* , M. H. J. P. Gunarathna 3 , Thilina D. Surasinghe 4 , Dmslb Dissanayake 2 , Matamyo Simwanda 5 , Yuji Murayama 1 , Takehiro Morimoto 1 , Darius Phiri 5 , Vincent R. Nyirenda 6 , K. T. Premakantha 7 and Anura Sathurusinghe 7 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 6 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Resources, 82, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka; [email protected] (K.T.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 28 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Forest-cover change has become an important topic in global biodiversity conservation in recent decades because of the high rates of forest loss in different parts of the world, especially in the tropical region. -
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka a Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka A Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners Updated: April 2018 by Bhikkhu Nyanatusita Introduction In Sri Lanka there are many forest hermitages and meditation centres suitable for foreign Buddhist monastics or for experienced lay Buddhists. The following information is particularly intended for foreign bhikkhus, those who aspire to become bhikkhus, and those who are experienced lay practitioners. Another guide is available for less experienced, short term visiting lay practitioners. Factors such as climate, food, noise, standards of monastic discipline (vinaya), dangerous animals and accessibility have been considered with regard the places listed in this work. The book Sacred Island by Ven. S. Dhammika—published by the BPS—gives exhaustive information regarding ancient monasteries and other sacred sites and pilgrimage places in Sri Lanka. The Amazing Lanka website describes many ancient monasteries as well as the modern (forest) monasteries located at the sites, showing the exact locations on satellite maps, and giving information on the history, directions, etc. There are many monasteries listed in this guides, but to get a general idea of of all monasteries in Sri Lanka it is enough to see a couple of monasteries connected to different traditions and in different areas of the country. There is no perfect place in samṃsāra and as long as one is not liberated from mental defilements one will sooner or later start to find fault with a monastery. There is no monastery which is perfectly quiet and where the monks are all arahants. Rather than trying to find the perfect external place, which does not exist, it is more realistic to be content with an imperfect place and learn to deal with the defilements that come up in one’s mind. -
Bhavana Vandana
BhavanaBhavana VVandaanda BookBook ofof DevotionDevotion Compiled by H. Gunaratana Mahathera HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. Bhàvanà Vandanà Book of Devotion Compiled By H. Gunaratana Mahathera Bhàvanà Society Meditation Center Bhàvanà Vandanà Book of Devotion Compiled By H. Gunaratana Mahathera Copyright © 1990 by Bhàvanà Society All rights reserved R D : T C B B E F R F, , H C S. R. S T T R.O.C. T: () F: () T O C P ......................................................................................................................... iixx P ........................................................................................ x I ....................................................................................................... H .......................................................................... O V A ................................. T W S ........................................................................... F I V ................................................ S D ............................................ F U ....................................................... – F P ........................................................................................... Tisaraõa and Uposatha Sīla .............................................................................. R R P ............................ Pañcasīla ............................................................................................................................... -
Highlights of Sri Lanka
1 Highlights of Sri Lanka Classic Tour│14 Days│ Physical Level 2 Negombo – Sigiriya – Kandy – Nuwara Eliya – Yala National Park – Ahungalla – Colombo Marvel at magnificent temples, see the World Heritage Rock Fortress at Sigiriya, search for elephants and other wild animals at Yala National Park, discover the fascinating caves at Dambulla and explore the ruined cities of Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura. ▪ Climb the spectacular rock fortress of Sigiriya ▪ Explore the ruins of medieval Polonnaruwa ▪ Visit Kandy’s sacred temple ▪ Safari with elephants in the national park ▪ Wander the historic city of Colombo To book call 1300 727 998 or visit your local travel agent Visit wendywutours.com.au 2 Highlights of Sri Lanka Tour Inclusions: ▪ Return international economy flights, taxes and current fuel surcharges (unless a ‘land only’ option is selected) ▪ All accommodation ▪ All meals ▪ All sightseeing and entrance fees ▪ All transportation and transfers ▪ English-speaking Local Guide (if your group is 10 or more passengers) ▪ Visa fees for Australian passport holders ▪ Specialist advice from our experienced travel consultants ▪ Comprehensive travel guides The only things you may have to pay for are personal expenditure e.g. drinks, optional excursions or shows, meals not stated in the itinerary, insurance of any kind, customary tipping and early check in or late-check-out. These are all payable locally. Classic Tours: These tours are designed for those who wish to see the iconic sites and magnificent treasures of Sri Lanka on an excellent value group tour whilst travelling with like-minded people. The tours are on a fully inclusive basis, so you’ll travel with the assurance that all your arrangements are taken care of. -
'Cave' at NAGALA ROCK Or, Perhaps: Nagolla Gala / Nagollagala; Or: Nikawae-Kanda Frequently Visited but Speleologically Unexplor
'Cave' at NAGALA ROCK or, perhaps: Nagolla Gala / Nagollagala; or: Nikawae-kanda Frequently visited but speleologically unexplored and not mapped natural or man-made sacred cave, rock shelter (temple cave) or rock-cut chamber ('cave' temple). LOCATION: Sri Lanka: North Western province: Kurunegala (Kurunaegala) district: Maho town: Galgamuwa - Nikawewa road area: Nikawewa (Nikawae) village: "Nagala Rock" (Nikawae Kanda; perhaps: Nagolla Gala, Nagollagala). POSITION: (If at Nagolla), WGS84 (unspecified horizontal precision error) N 07°48': E 080°24' / N 7.8°: E 80.4° <www.nima.mil/geonames> (accessed 16.11.2003). MAPS: Survey of Ceylon (One Inch series) sheet: unidentified; AMS sheet: NB44-02. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: Ceylon Traveller 1984; Parker, H. 1909. A »temple cave« (CEYLON TRAVELLER 1983: 150) or »series of natural caves« (PARKER 1909: 332). SITUATION 1 (PARKER 1909: 332): »High up on the precipitous eastern side of Nikawae-kanda [mountain at Nikawae / Nikawewa], a steep rocky hill in the North-western Province.« SITUATION 2 (CEYLON TRAVELLER 1983: 150): Nagala Rock (note 1) is reached by bearing left at the top of the climb to the tiny, hideously "restored" but beautifully located cult spot ( either a man-made "cave temple" = rock chamber or a modified natural temple cave), which clings like a wild bees' nest to the face of Nagala rock near that Nikawewa (note 2), which lies »13 miles« (21 km, probably along the road and possibly east-northeast) from the Rest House at Maho (note 3). CAVE DESCRIPTION 1 (PARKER 1909: 332): »… a series of natural caves. Some of these contained statues, and one had also a small dagaba which had been demolished by treasure seekers, so that only a little of the lower part remained.« CULTURAL HISTORY - Human use: According to PARKER (1909: 332), »… an early monastery was established.« PARKER (1909: 334) narrates how »… about eight years ago, Selaratna Thera, the energetic superior of the monastery now at the foot of the hill, undertook the restoration of the cave wihara [vihara]. -
BHĀVANĀ VANDANĀ Devotions for Meditation
BHĀVANĀ VANDANĀ Devotions for Meditation Compiled by Bhante Henepola Gunaratana Bhāvanā Society Acknowledgments The new edition of this book benefited greatly from the kind help of Bhikkhu Bishokirti, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Anthony Iocono, John Kelly, Bhikkhu Khemaratana, Kathy Love, Martha McWilliams, Bhikkhunī Sobhanā, and Steve Sonnefeld. Previous editions benefited from the help of Hal Barron, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Margo Born, Bhikkhu Dhammaratana, Mark DuRose, Douglas Imbrogno, Chris Jones, Samanera Kheminda, Marcia Kirkpatrick, Dr. N. K. G. Mendes, Bhikkhu Rāhula, Libby Reid, Samanera Rohana (Rick Jones), Bhikkhu Sona, Bhikkhunī Sucintā, Bhikkhunī Sudhammā, and Upasika Sumanā (Eva Hill). I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to them. Portions of this book appeared earlier in the Vandanā book compiled by Bhikkhu Bodhi and me for use at the Washington Buddhist Vihāra. We also acknowledge with thanks the use of the resources cited at the end of this book, as well as Pāli Chanting with Translation, Vandanā and Vat Pirith, Mirror of the Dhamma, Toward Peace (compiled in Sri Lanka), and the Book of Chants (compiled in Thailand). The diacritics used in the Vandanā book follow the standards established by the Pāli Text Society. Bhante Henepola Gunaratana Bhāvanā Society Rt. 1, Box 218-3, High View, WV 26808 USA Tel: (304) 856-3241 Fax: (304) 856-2111 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bhavanasociety.org Bhāvanā Vandanā. Revised Edition Copyright @2008 by Bhāvanā Society. This book may be copied or reprinted for free distribution without permission -
Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism
Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism This study seeks to establish that Arahant Mahinda, who introduced the Buddhadhamma to Sri Lanka, is the Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism. The Sãla Trio – Pa¤ca-, Aññhangika- and Dasa-Sãla, is also found to emerge in the same process. The launch date has been determined to be the full moon day of Kattika in the year 247 BCE, i.e., 2260 years ago (current year: Oct. 1, 2012), or even more likely, 42 days prior to that (parallel: Aug. 18, 2012). By the same Author Buddhism (selected) “‘Asoulity’ as Translation of Anattà: Absence, not Negation”, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (7), 2011, 101-134. Rebirth as Empirical Basis for the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, Sumeru, 2010. “ ‘Against Belief’: Mindfulness Meditation (satipaññàna bhàvanà) as Empirical Method”, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (5), 2009, 59 - 96. “Inherited Buddhists and Acquired Buddhists”, 2006, Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies (2), 2009, 103 - 141. Embryo as Person: Buddhism, Bioethics and Society, 2005, Toronto: Nalanda Publishing Canada. You’re What You Sense: Buddha on Mindbody, 2001; Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Cultural Centre. “Whole Body, not Heart, the Seat of Consciousness: the Buddha’s View,” Philosophy East and West, 45: 3 (1995): 409 - 430. Buddhist View of the Dead Body’, in Proceedings of the Transplantation Society, 22:3, 1990. ‘Buddhism in Metropolitan Toronto: a preliminary survey’, Canadian Ethnic Studies, xxi:2, 1989. Arahant Mahinda - Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva in Sinhala Buddhism with Pali Text, Translation and Analysis Suwanda H J Sugunasiri, PhD Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Sugunasiri, Suwanda H. -
CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1
CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1. Sri Lanka 2. Prehistoric Lanka; Ravana abducts Princess Sita from India.(15) 3 The Mahawamsa; The discovery of the Mahawamsa; Turnour's contribution................................ ( 17) 4 Indo-Aryan Migrations; The coming of Vijaya...........(22) 5. The First Two Sinhala Kings: Consecration of Vijaya; Panduvasudeva, Second king of Lanka; Princess Citta..........................(27) 6 Prince Pandukabhaya; His birth; His escape from soldiers sent to kill him; His training from Guru Pandula; Battle of Kalahanagara; Pandukabhaya at war with his uncles; Battle of Labu Gamaka; Anuradhapura - Ancient capital of Lanka.........................(30) 7 King Pandukabhaya; Introduction of Municipal administration and Public Works; Pandukabhaya’s contribution to irrigation; Basawakulama Tank; King Mutasiva................................(36) 8 King Devanampiyatissa; gifts to Emporer Asoka: Asoka’s great gift of the Buddhist Doctrine...................................................(39) 9 Buddhism established in Lanka; First Buddhist Ordination in Lanka around 247 BC; Mahinda visits the Palace; The first Religious presentation to the clergy and the Ordination of the first Sinhala Bhikkhus; The Thuparama Dagoba............................ ......(42) 10 Theri Sanghamitta arrives with Bo sapling; Sri Maha Bodhi; Issurumuniya; Tissa Weva in Anuradhapura.....................(46) 11 A Kingdom in Ruhuna: Mahanaga leaves the City; Tissaweva in Ruhuna. ...............................................................................(52) -
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka Welcome at Airport by Helanka
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka 05 Nights / 06 Days ` Welcome at Airport by Helanka Vacations Representative and transfer to Negombo. Negombo, situated by the shores of a lagoon which was once a trading port for Portuguese and Dutch. The economy of Negombo is mainly based on its centuries-old fishing industry, though it also produces cinnamon, ceramics, and brassware. Arrive and check into the Hotel in Negombo. Afternoon brief tour of Negombo. Start your city tour of Negombo by visiting the Dutch port, the canal, a Hindu Kovil, St. Mary’s church, the Angurukaramulla temple and the Negombo open and fish market. Overnight stay in Negombo. Breakfast at the Hotel. Thereafter proceed to Anuradhapura. Anuradhapura, the first capital of Sri Lanka and was named a world heritage site by UNESCO. Anuradhapura is now a picturesque city, filled with mystery and rich in Sinhalese culture. Arrive and check in to a Hotel in Anuradhapura. Evening visit the Mihintale Temple. Mihintale, a mountain peak near Anuradhapura, the site of a meeting between the Buddhist monk Mahinda and King Devanampiyatissa which inaugurated the presence of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. The stairway fleets upward through 1840 steps made of granite, leading to picturesque sceneries that can be viewed from the summit. Before commencing your climb, find the Vejja Sala; ruins of a hospital dating back to the 3rd century AD. Further, Kantaka Cetiya is situated on a portion of the rock not much higher from the base, it is one of the 1st religious monuments to be built in Sri Lanka resting at a height of 425 feet. -
7 Nights /8 Days Itinerary
ENTUSIASMOLOGIA ESPERIENZIALE PIENA in SRI LANKA Programma indicativo provvisorio LUNA PIENA MAGGIO 2013 Con Fabio Marchesi e Marco Poggianella Con il supporto di altri Entusiasmologi certificati (indicativamente uno/una ogni 12 iscritti oltre ai 25 (max 60)) E’ previsto un full’immersione iniziale preparatorio, ogni giorno circa 2 ore di teoria + Esperienze dirette di arricchimento con il Sole, con la Luna e con i luoghi sacri visitati, GIA, Trascendenza, Immanenza. Il Corso culminerà con l’Esperienza di Integrazione/connessione/rinascita con la Luna Piena sulla Rack Fortess sacra, ultimi due giorni di spiaggia. Day A - DAY 01 – Arrival at the Colombo International Airport, The group will be met by their Italian speaking Guide and Airport Staff. Thereafter, proceed to Colombo. Travel time: 37 kms - Approximately 1 hr. COLOMBO - The trade capital has long been the traditional gateway to the orient. Today, Colombo is a fascinating city with a happy blend of east & west, past & present with a charm of its own. The main seaport of Sri Lanka is in Colombo & adjoining it, is Pettah, which is the local bazaar & trading area. Other places of interest are the beautiful Buddhist temples, Hindu temples, the historic Wolfendhal church, the main residential area - cinnamon gardens and the BMICH - International Conference Hall and the commercial area - Fort. check-in and Lunch at the Hotel. P.M. possibility to enjoy a panoramic tour of Colombo including visiting historic and colonial Colombo in all its glory with blends of Portuguese and Dutch history. Approx. 15.00 hrs. - 20.00 hrs. Entusiasmologia Esperienziale Conference at Hotel. Dinner & Overnight Cinnamon Lakeside, Colombo. -
Document English
$QXUDGKDSXUD$$$QXUDGKDSXUDQQXXUUDDGGKKDDSSXXUUDD 88UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW3ODQ8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW3ODQ8UUEEDDQQ''HHYYHHOORRSSPPHHQQWW33OODDQQ 9ROXPH, 8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW$XWKRULW\8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW$XWKRULW\ 1RUWK&HQWUDO3URYLQFLDO2IILFH1RUWK&HQWUDO3URYLQFLDO2IILFH $$QXUDGKDSXUDQXUDGKDSXUD Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Volume I 2019 - 2030 Urban Development Authority North Central Provincial Office Anuradhapura i Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Volume I Urban Development Authority 2019 - 2030 ii Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Document Information Report Title : Anuradhapura Urban Development Plan Locational Boundary : Anuradhapura Urban Area Gazette No : Stakeholders : Local Resident of Anuradhapura Urban Area, Commuters and Relevant institutions Submission Date : Document Status : Final Report Author : Urban Development Authority – North Central Province Office Document Submission Information: Version No Details Date of Submission Approval for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft While this report is issued by the authorized parties, it has to be used only for the objectives stated in the report. It is entirely forbidden to use the content of this report by other parties and also for other objectives. The authority will not bear the responsibility for the negative effects of use of the contents of the report for other objectives or by other parties. While this report contains confidential information, it becomes an intellectual property. It is completely forgotten to provide it to other parties without the approval of the authority. i iii Urban Development Authority – North Central Province office Anuradhapura Urban Area Development Plan (2019 - 2030) Honorable Minister’s forward 41 of 1978, the Urban Development Authority by now has completed 40 years of service contributing to planned urban development in Sri Lanka.