Digha Nikaya

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Digha Nikaya Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha Dãgha Nikàya NAMO TASSA BHAGAVATO ARAHATO SAMMâSAMBUDDHASSA ****** The Long Discourses of the Buddha A Translation of the Dãgha Nikàya by Maurice Walshe © Maurice Walshe, 1987, 1995 All rights reserved. ISBN 0-86171-103-3 ********** Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha Dãgha Nikàya Penerjemah: Team Giri Mangala Publication Team DhammaCitta Press Penyunting: Team DhammaCitta Press Perancang Sampul & Penata Letak: Team DhammaCitta Press ********** Hak cipta Terjemahan dan Penerbitan © DhammaCitta, 2009 ISBN 978-979-19666-0-3 Tidak diperjualbelikan. Isi buku ini boleh dipublikasi ulang, diformat ulang, dicetak ulang, dan didistribusi ulang dalam segala bentuk dan cara. Akan tetapi, atas kebijakan DhammaCitta Press, segala jenis publikasi dan distri- busi ulang tersedia untuk umum, tidak diperjualbelikan, dan tanpa batas dan hasil tersebut dan turunan lainnya harus dinyatakan demikian juga. DAFTAR ISI ********** Prakata i Kata Pengantar iii Catatan Teknis v Pendahuluan x Rangkuman Tiga-puluh-empat Sutta lii Pengantar Dharmasurya Bhumi Maha Thera lxii KELOMPOK PERTAMA: MORALITAS 1 Brahmajàla Sutta - Jaring Tertinggi 1 2 Sàma¤¤aphala Sutta - Buah Kehidupan Tanpa Rumah 33 3 Ambaññha Sutta - Tentang Ambaññha 57 4 Soõadaõóa Sutta - Tentang Soõadaõóa 75 5 Kūåñadanta Sutta - Tentang Kūåñadanta 86 6 Mahàli Sutta - Tentang Mahàli 98 7 Jàliya Sutta - Tentang Jàliya 105 8 Mahàsãhanàda Sutta - Khotbah Panjang Auman Singa 106 9 Poññhapàda Sutta - Tentang Poññhapàda 115 10 Subha Sutta - Tentang Subha 131 11 Kevaddha Sutta - Tentang Kevaddha 135 12 Lohicca Sutta - Tentang Lohicca 142 13 Tevijja Sutta - Tiga Pengetahuan 148 KELOMPOK KE DUA: BAGIAN BESAR 14 Mahàpadàna Sutta - Khotbah Panjang Tentang Silsilah 161 15 Mahànidàna Sutta - Khotbah Panjang Tentang Asal-Mula 190 16 Mahàparinibbàna Sutta - Wafat Agung 200 17 Mahàsudassana Sutta - Pelepasan Keduniawian Seorang Raja 261 18 Janavasabha Sutta - Brahmà Berbicara Kepada Para Dewa 276 19 Mahàgovinda Sutta - Kehidupan Lampau Gotama 288 20 Mahàsamaya Sutta - Para Dewa Datang Menemui Sang Buddha 306 21 Sakkapa¤ha Sutta ~ Dewa Berkonsultasi Kepada Sang Buddha 314 22 Mahàsatipaññhàna Sutta ~ Khotbah Panjang Tentang Landasan-Landasan Perhatian 331 23 Pàyàsi Sutta ~ Perdebatan Dengan Seorang Skeptis 352 KELOMPOK KE TIGA: PâòIKA 24 Pàñika Sutta ~ Seorang Yang Berbohong Memiliki Pengetahuan 376 25 Udumbarika-Sãhanadà Sutta ~ Auman Singa Kepada Kaum Udumbarika 392 26 Cakkavati-Sãhanadà Sutta ~ Auman Singa Tentang Pemutaran Roda 405 27 Aga¤¤a Sutta ~ Pengetahuan Asal-Usul 419 28 Sampasàdanãya Sutta ~ Keyakinan Tenang 431 29 Pàsàdika Sutta ~ Khotbah Yang Menggembirakan 443 30 Lakkhaõa Sutta ~ Tanda-tanda Manusia Luar Biasa 458 31 Sigàlaka Sutta ~ Kepada Sigàlaka 483 32 âñànàñiya Sutta ~ Syair-syair Perlindungan âñànàñà 495 33 Sangãti Sutta ~ Bersama-sama Mengulangi Khotbah-Khotbah 505 34 Dasuttara Sutta - Memperluas Kelompok Sepuluh 545 Catatan Kaki 561 Indeks 664 Prakata Dengan sangat senang, saya menulis prakata singkat ini untuk terjemahan Dãgha Nikàya oleh Mr. Walshe. Penerjemah buku ini adalah seorang Buddhis taat yang merupakan seorang pelajar bahasa Pali yang didukung oleh latihan meditasi. Karena itu, karya terjemahan beliau merupakan sebuah kontribusi terpenting pada materi Buddhisme. Mr. Walshe telah bertahun-tahun aktif di dunia Buddhis Inggris. Jauh sebelum saya datang ke Inggris, nama beliau, saya kenal lewat karya esai-esainya pada seri ‘The Wheel’ dari Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka. Pada tahun 1977, guru saya, Yang Mulia Tan Ajahn Chah Subhatto dan saya sampai di London untuk menghadiri undangan organisasi English Sangha Trust di mana Mr. Walshe adalah salah satu pengurusnya. Organisasi ini telah didirikan pada 1956 untuk mendirikan Western Sangha di Inggris, dan sampai hari ini, Mr. Walshe masih konsisten aktif hampir selama tiga puluh tahun. Pada saat yang sama, beliau juga merupakan wakil presiden dari Buddhist Society of Great Britain, berkarir pada Institute of Germanic Studies di London University (di mana terjemahan- terjemahan khotbah-khotbah Meister Eckhart oleh beliau diakui), juga mempelajari Pali pada waktu luangnya. Meskipun pelajar-pelajar Pali telah menghasilkan penerjemahan langsung Kanon Pali yang cukup akurat, kita sering kali merasakan i ii Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha kurang “mendalam” pada teks-teks yang hebat ini. Sutta-sutta perlu dipelajari, direnungkan, dan dipraktikkan untuk mengerti arti sesungguhnya. Sutta-sutta tersebut adalah ‘khotbah Dhamma’, atau perenungan pada ‘apa adanya’. Sutta-sutta tersebut bukanlah sebagai ‘kitab suci’ yang memberitahu apa yang harus diyakini. Ia seharusnya membaca, mendengar, memikirkan, merenungkan, dan menyelidiki realita saat ini, pengalaman saat ini pada Sutta- sutta tersebut. Kemudian, dan hanya demikian, seseorang dapat memahami secara mendalam kebenaran di luar kata-kata. Pada terjemahan khotbah-khotbah panjang ini, Mr. Walshe telah memberikan kesempatan lagi untuk membaca dan merenungkan ajaran-ajaran Buddha. Semoga semua yang membacanya mendapatkan manfaat dan mengembangkan latihan Dhamma. Semoga semua makhluk terbebas dari segala penderitaan. Semoga semua makhluk tercerahkan. Yang Mulia Sumedho Thera Amaravati Great Gaddesden Hertfordshire England Januari, 1986 Kata Pengantar Dua alasan utama untuk membuat terjemahan teks Buddhis tertua ini adalah: (1) Penyebaran Buddhisme sebagai gaya hidup serius di dunia barat, dan bahkan sudah banyak tersebar ketertarikan pada Buddhisme sebagai subjek untuk dipelajari secara mendalam, dan (2) bahwa bahasa Inggris sudah bisa dianggap sebagai bahasa dunia, kendaraan bahasa yang paling luas tersebar untuk segala bentuk komunikasi. Benar, bahwa teks Pali telah diterjemahkan seluruhnya ke bahasa Inggris, terutama oleh usaha-usaha umat Buddhis yang berdedikasi di Pali Text Society, yang sekarang aktivitasnya sudah memasuki abad ke dua. Tetapi terjemahan yang ada sekarang, tata bahasanya sudah ketinggalan zaman, juga terdapat banyak kesalahan, dan karena itu, sebuah terjemahan versi modern menjadi perlu. Pertama, dan yang terpenting, keseluruhan jasa baik terjemahan ini milik dari Yang Mulia Balangoda ânandamaitreya Mahà Nàyaka Thera, Aggamahàpaõóita (meskipun beliau, tentu saja, tidak memerlukan pu¤¤a seperti itu) untuk meyakinkan saya bahwa saya mampu, dan karena itu, tentu saja harus melakukan tugas ini. Bagi saya, masih ada sisa kekurangan karena ketidaksempurnaannya. Mengerjakannya memberikan banyak kebahagiaan, ketenangan di saat risau, dan pencerahan. Terima kasih banyak atas bantuan dan dorongan kepada, selain iii iv Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha juga Yang Mulia dan terhormat yang baru saja disinggung, untuk Yang Mulia Dr. H. Saddhàtissa, seorang teman lama yang merupakan tempat saya banyak belajar, Yang Mulia Nyà¤aponika yang sebelumnya menginspirasi untuk menempuh petualangan kecil penerjemahan, Yang Mulia Dr. W. Rahula yang membimbing dalam bahasa Pali pada masa awal yang penuh hambatan, dan juga Yang Mulia P. Vipassi dan Messrs K.R. Norman dan L.S. Cousins, yang bersama-sama memecahkan masalah-masalah yang ada. Selain itu, selayaknya juga disini kita menghargai YM. Achaan Cha (Bodhi¤àõa Thera) dan muridnya yang dihormati, Achaan Sumedho, yang berjasa dalam mendirikan sebuah cabang Sangha di Inggris yang berkembang sangat cepat yang menjadikan alasan untuk melakukan penerjemahan ini semakin besar; dan -- untuk yang lainnya mohon dicatat! -- masih banyak yang harus dilakukan lagi di bidang ini. Prinsip-prinsip penerjemahan saya ini, dijelaskan dengan singkat pada bagian Pengenalan. Saya menyadari terdapat beberapa inkonsistensi kecil, juga beberapa pengulangan pada bagian catatan. Pertama, saya pikir, tidak akan menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan: hal-hal tersebut sulit dihindari semua, kemungkinan terakhirnya, terjemahan dari teks-teks ini tidak akan menggunakan alat-alat elektronik. Dan untuk pengulangan, hal-hal tersebut mungkin dapat diabaikan dalam kaitannya dengan teks karena memang teks ini sangat berulang sekali. Terima kasih yang tulus diberikan kepada Wisdom Publication yang telah memproduksi buku ini dengan sangat baik, dan kepada Buddhist Society of Great Britain atas bantuan sumbangan dalam biaya percetakan. MAURICE WALSHE St Albas Herfordshire England Januari, 1986 Catatan Teknis Buku ini terdiri dari 3 bagian: Bagian Satu, terdiri dari Sutta-sutta 1-13; Bagian Dua terdiri dari Sutta-sutta 14-23; Bagian Tiga terdiri dari Sutta-sutta 24-32. Sutta-sutta dibagi menjadi bait-bait, dan pada beberapa kasus, dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian juga. Nomor bait dan bagian disusun berdasarkan sistem yang dibuat oleh Rhys Davids. Karena itu, Sutta 16, bait 2.25 menunjukkan Sutta 16, bagian 2, bait 25. Untuk kemudahan ditulis dalam bentuk DN 16.2.25 dan di dalam indeks sebagai 16.2.25. Nomor yang berada di atas halaman, contohnya ‘i 123’, merujuk pada nomor volume dan halaman pada Tipitaka Pali edisi Pali Text Society. Karena itu, ‘i 123’ merujuk pada Dãgha Nikàya volume satu, halaman 123. Nomor di dalam kurung kurawal yang terdapat pada teks juga menunjukkan nomor halaman. Pada edisi ini, setiap bagian dapat dengan mudah dicari dengan kedua cara ini. Petunjuk Pelafalan Teks Pali dicetak di barat menggunakan sistem standar pelafalan Roman, dengan beberapa variasi kecil. Sistem yang digunakan v vi Khotbah-khotbah Panjang Sang Buddha hampir sama, dengan penambahan satu atau dua huruf, yang digunakan untuk huruf Sansekerta. Huruf Pali, seperti Sansekerta, disusun dalam urutan yang lebih logikal dibanding huruf Roman. Huruf vokal memiliki
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