19 Synthetic Log Curves: an Essential Ingredient for Successful Stimulation Design 26 Go Take a Hike 30 Geo-Café – a New Service for CSPG Members

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Leading the way with customer-driven data, integrated software and services for your upstream decision-making needs. geoSCOUT | gDC | gDCweb | petroCUBE at www.geoLOGIC.com EXECUTIVE COMMENT A message from Paul MacKay, President

CSPG Please Call EXECUTIVE The Ofﬁce! PRESIDENT Paul MacKay • Shale Petroleum Ltd. This is being written at the end of the first universities, government agencies, consultants [email protected] Tel: 403.457.3930 quarter of the current executives mandate. and companies to find out how the CSPG can It is a good time to pause and see if the contribute to the local geologic community. It VICE PRESIDENT plans that were made in the excitement of is the Society’s intention to place Ambassadors Dale Leckie • Nexen Inc. [email protected] Tel: 403.613.0458 starting have taken hold. Are we on track into all the regions across the country. This is a to achieve the ambitions articulated earlier? role that requires sustained effort, the building PAST PRESIDENT Has reality had its go at us and where do we of relationships, and the ability to connect Robin Mann • AJM Deloitte need to modify? In a previous comment three individuals into the CSPG. If you might be [email protected] Tel: 403.648.3210 initiatives were stated so it might be wise to interested in volunteering for such a role in go back to those three initiatives and see how another region in Canada please contact the FINANCE DIRECTOR we are moving forward. office with your particulars. Samantha Etherington • Barrick Energy [email protected] Tel: 403.386.6459 One initiative was to make us a truly Canadian The second major initiative is with our ASSISTANT FINANCE DIRECTOR society with interests across the country. Education Trust Fund. As mentioned Gord Stabb • Durando Resources Corp. This is a long term effort, which will require previously, we have run a charitable trust [email protected] Tel: 403.819.8778 sustained attention and a commitment that is fund for numerous years under the kind longer than any single term of an executive. guardianship of several volunteers. If any PROGRAM DIRECTOR The CSPG is a well-recognized brand. complaint could be found with the fund is that Dave Russum • AJM Deloitte [email protected] Tel: 403.648.3228 We have both national and international its mandate was too small. As an executive, presence mostly due to the strong historic we ask the question “What can the ETF be?” ASSISTANT PROGRAM DIRECTOR foundation created by generations of Canadian Roger Hume has volunteered to help us find Alexis Anastas • Nexen Inc. geologists, the technical demands of the that answer by stepping up to be Chairman [email protected] Tel: 403.699.4965 petroleum industry, and the high quality of of the ETF. The potential of the ETF is yet to university education in our Canadian geology be discovered but as a charitable foundation SERVICES DIRECTOR departments. with appreciable access to the industry, Mike Seifert • Canadian Discovery [email protected] Tel: 403.269.3644 government and the membership it is only However, the CSPG can be much more limited by our thinking and willingness to ASSISTANT SERVICES DIRECTOR than a brand. Our Society is a series of engage. The ETF will be the subject of future Weishan Ren • Statoil Canada Ltd. communities that come together over a comments but should you have interest in [email protected] Tel: 403.724.0325 common passion in geology. In many ways this adventure I urge you to contact the each technical subdivision, each conference CSPG office. COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR organizing team, every effort by the Society is They can copy us. They just can’t be us. Curtis Evans • ERCB [email protected] Tel: 403.297.8386 characterized by one consistent trait; they are The Society is the intellectual home for many If imitation is the sincerest form of attery, we’re one attered group. created, engaged, and organized by a group of of us when discussing geology. The Society’s Drawing on a quarter century of oil and gas experience, geoLOGIC continues ASSISTANT COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR volunteers that have found commonality in a mandate is disseminate technical knowledge to be the market leader in data, software solutions and support. And while Riona Freeman • Harvest Operations Corp. unifying interest. We have burgeoning groups in geology, particularly pertaining to or about [email protected] Tel: 403.233.6624 of geologists across the country that exists petroleum geology, to the broader Canadian we lead the way, our competitors desperately create parity products, under varying degrees of effort and struggle. community. We do this through our meetings sometimes years after us. For details on how geoLOGIC leads the way, visit OUTREACH DIRECTOR It is our intention as a Society to come along and publications. Given this mandate we www.geoLOGIC.com/leader Dawn Hodgins • Imperial Oil Resources [email protected] Tel: 403.232.5931 side of these groups and encourage and have a few non-negotiable tasks that we help them to greater levels of success. In so must do to be able to meet this mandate. ASSISTANT OUTREACH DIRECTOR doing, we firmly believe we will elevate the The Bulletin is our peer-reviewed journal Andrew Fox • MEG Energy Corp. conversation in geology across the country and has historically received recognition as [email protected] Tel: 403.770.5345 and improve our Society. a quality publication. Numerous scientific publications are in a struggle as they balance Leading the way with customer-driven data, integrated software EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Lis Bjeld • CSPG We have begun our foray into this process the need to protect the peer-review process and services for your upstream decision-making needs. [email protected] Tel: 403.513.1235 with Tony Cadrin performing Ambassador but also adjust to the rapidly changing duties to Atlantic Canada for the CSPG. landscape associated with web publication. geoSCOUT | gDC | gDCweb | petroCUBE at www.geoLOGIC.com He is in contact with numerous groups, (Continued on page 7...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 5 Pump Up the Volume Maximize your recovery with domain expertise

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cgg.com (...Continued from page 5) stability to the Convention. To do this we In a world that demands access to the latest have formed a Limited Partnership with research our editors balance the careful the CSEG and the CWLS. This structure review process with the must have now will place operation of the Convention into attitude of the internet. There is much we the partnership’s structure, to be called can do to help this process but the greatest GeoConvention. This structure will have its contribution the membership can make to own Board of Director’s, staff, and strategic the Bulletin is to use it as a means of research plan. We will not lose any control over and as a vehicle for publication. Our editors the convention but we should see greater (both past and present) are dedicated to the stability in the business of the Convention. Bulletin and invest significant time and effort. Our hope is that revenue will improve from CORPORATE SPONSORS Our Society is filled with geologists that make the Convention by increased attendance, daily contributions to the Science of Geology. better consistency from year-to-year, DIAMOND Consider publication in the Bulletin or better greater demand on the Exhibit Floor, and an GeoLOGIC Systems Ltd. yet draw a group of like-minded colleagues effective long-term marketing strategy. The and consider a special issue of the Bulletin. Convention has incredible potential; these PLATINUM This executive is firmly committed to the changes are designed to mine that potential. APEGA publication of the Bulletin, please let us know Cenovus Energy how we can deliver this to you in an effective How will we know if we are successful on ConocoPhilips Canada helpful manner by calling the office. these ventures? The best gauges we have for Nexen success are the comments and involvement Our Annual Joint Convention with our sister of the membership. When we are meeting GOLD societies (CSEG and CWLS) is the showcase our mandate our membership increases, our Pump Up Devon Energy Corp. event for us and one of the primary methods volunteers become more involved and our we have of meeting our mandate and also finances improve. It may take time to see the IHS funding the ongoing work of the Society and results but this executive firmly believes that Imperial Oil Ltd. the ETF. We are dependent on the success the changes taking place will result in a more PLS of the convention on many different levels. dynamic and effective Society for our members. Shell Canada Limited Success at the convention gives the rest of Statoil the Society’s activities a kick start. Stability We are one quarter of the way through the of the Convention from year-to-year gives year and have launched all of these initiatives on the Volume SILVER stability to the Society. The Convention is a a strong first step. How well they do depends Arc Resources multi-million dollar event that is dependent on how well the membership supports these Athabasca Oil Corporation on a number of volunteers and a few staff efforts. The good news on these initiatives is Maximize your recovery with domain expertise CNRL for direction, organization, implementation, that they are all spearheaded by volunteers CSEG Foundation execution, and evaluation. Over the years who are passionate about their Society and we can track ebbs and flows in the success their Science. It is a wonderful group to be CSPG Educational Trust Fund of the Convention. There are likely many part of and it is a group where enthusiasm CGG offers a complete portfolio of geological and geophysical technology Encana Corporation factors that go into the success of any given and ability mix. If you think this might be Enerplus and services to ‘pump up the volume’ on your ﬁeld development. 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BRONZE AGAT Laboratories ROCK SHOP • Advanced subsurface imaging Apache Canada • Solution-oriented reservoir characterization software and services Husky Energy Inc. • Wellsite services providing real-time geological analysis Loring Tarcore Poggenpohl • Permanent reservoir monitoring and 4D seismic services RIGSAT Communications • Economic evaluation and recovery factor analysis consulting RPS Energy Schlumberger Canada Limited We are CGG. Sensor Geophysical Ltd. Suncor Energy Talisman Energy

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description; strontium, sulphur, carbon, Hondo evaporites and oxygen isotope analysis were carried out in the present research. Underlain the within the Grosmont platform there are the Leduc-age reef complexes, deposited during the major Grosmont Heavy late-Frasnian regression in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Significant Oil Carbonate accumulations of “heavy oil” and bitumen occur in east-central Alberta at depths of Platform, 250 m to approximately 1200 m within the updip-pinchout of the Devonian Woodbend Alberta, Canada Group with the overlying Sub-Cretaceous unconformity (Figure 1). SPEAKER Mary Luz Borrero The Grosmont shelf complex represents an overall shallow marine carbonate 11: 30 am platform that is further subdivided into four Thursday, May 23, 2013 ABSTRACT shallowing-upward cycles: Lower Grosmont Calgary, TELUS Convention Centre Advances in thermal recovery technologies (LGM), Upper Grosmont1 (UGM1), Upper Exhibit Hall E, North Building have made the unconventional resources Grosmont2 (UGM2), and Upper Grosmont3 Calgary, Alberta in the Grosmont carbonate platform a (UGM3). These units are separated by layers focus of interest in the last couple of years. of marl of the Lower Ireton Formation that Please note: The cut-off date for ticket sales The Grosmont platform which includes are named consecutively SB1, SB2, and SB3, is 1:00 pm, Thursday, May 16, 2013. CSPG the Grosmont Formation and the Hondo and can be identified on gamma ray and Member Ticket Price: $45.00 + GST. Non- evaporites is part of the Woodbend Group, resistivity well logs. The Hondo evaporites is Member Ticket Price: $47.50 + GST. the world’s largest heavy oil deposit hosted an evaporitic sub-unit within the Grosmont in carbonates with an estimated 318 to and replaces part of the four cycles in certain Each CSPG Technical Luncheon is 1 APEGA PDH credit. 406 billion barrels of oil in place. A detailed portions of the complex. Depositional setting Tickets may be purchased online at www.cspg.org. log interpretation, core examination; facies has been interpreted mostly as marine

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8 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 Figure 1. Map of the Grosmont Platform and Hondo “evaporites” (modified from Switzer et al., 1994); schematic stratigraphic cross section through the region (some concepts taken from Cuttler, 1983 and Dembicki and Machel, 1996). sourced gypsum/anhydrite with some halite Industrial de Santander, in Colombia, South at the University of Alberta. In 2012, her M.Sc in subaqueous salinas or lagoons. Fine layers America. This was followed by a couple of thesis “Hondo Evaporites within the Grosmont of dolomudstone were deposited with the years of oil and gas research at the Instituto Heavy Oil Carbonate Platform, Alberta, Canada” evaporites in quiet waters at depths between Colombiano Del Petroleo in Bucaramanga. In was awarded as the best MSc. thesis by the 2 and 5m. The evaporites or “primary 2006 Mary came to Canada with a partial CSPG. This thesis was partly funded by Shell sulphates” were observed within the upper scholarship from Colombia –Colfuturo and was Exploration & Production Company, Houston, part of the Grosmont Formation (UGM3) and lured to the University of Alberta by Dr. Hans where she worked during some summer times. Lower Grosmont (LGM) and are interpreted Machel to work on the evaporitic unit in the Nowadays, Mary is working for Husky Energy to occur either in a series of relatively small Grosmont Complex. While finishing her thesis, as an exploration geologist in the Western ponds or in a larger lagoon (Figure 2). Mary continued to do research with Dr. Machel Canada Sedimentary Basin. Syndepositional faulting and presence of Leduc reefs may have been responsible for restricted conditions and accommodation space in order to precipitate evaporitic minerals. The Grosmont Platform migrated westward between LGM and UGM3 times.

In the eastern part of the area, the Hondo appears to have been dissolved and replaced by solution collapse breccias and “bitumen supported” intervals. Alternatively, in the western part of the study area the Hondo may form effective reservoir seals on the scale of the sizes of these ponds. The role of the Hondo as a seal for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment is somehow difficult to assess because it cannot be ascertained whether the evaporitic minerals originally formed a regionally extensive deposit on the scale of the entire study area, and how much was removed by post-depositional dissolution. Possible modern analogs in terms of climatic conditions are the Abu Dhabi region in the southern part of the Arabian Gulf and the Great Bahama Bank in terms of the size of the carbonate platform, although without actual evaporitic deposition.

BIOGRAPHY Mary Luz Borrero received her B.Sc. (Honours) degree in Geology from the Universidad Figure 2. Geometry and distribution of the Hondo primary sulphates.

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JANUARY how to sustainably develop groundwater by Schlumberger in Stavanger and is ENVIRONMENTAL resources. The ultimate goal of HWB is commercially available in Petrel. This DIVISION TALK to make these best practices available to program emulates the behavior of ant SUMMARY other charitable organizations engaged in colonies in nature, and uses virtual ants to On January 25th, 2013 the Environmental water well drilling. HWB also provides extract fracture and fault patterns from Technical Division of the CSPG hosted scholarships to hydrogeology graduate a seismic attributes cube. Ant tracking David Bethune of the University of students in programs based in developing is particular useful for mapping fracture Calgary to speak about a Canadian non- countries. If you missed Mr. Bethune’s corridors, which can act as a conduit or profit organization called ‘Hydrogeologists presentation but are interested in learning barrier to fluid flow. The results can be Without Borders’ (HWB). ‘Hydrogeologists more about ‘Hydrogeologists Without used to build a discrete fracture network Without Borders’ was formed in Calgary Borders’ take a look at their website at (DFN) model, which can then be upscaled in 2005 and became a registered Canadian www.hydrogeologistswithoutborders.org. and used for reservoir simulations in charity in 2010. The group’s main focus is naturally fractured reservoirs. Examples to apply the principles of hydrogeology to FEBRUARY were given from the Athabasca Oil Sands groundwater management in developing STRUCTURAL and North Africa, and some outcrop countries. By using science, education, and DIVISION TALK analogues were shown. Robert explained awareness about the water cycle, water SUMMARY how this workflow greatly reduced the wells can be developed and sustained On February 7th, 2013 the Structural uncertainty of predicting and modeling for the benefit of the local community. Division of the CSPG welcomed fracture networks. If you missed this HWB is working toward strengthening Dr Robert Godfrey of Schlumberger, who talk but are interested in the Structural connections between hydrogeologists and gave a lunch-time lecture on ‘Seismic Technical Division of the CSPG go to the international development community. Detection of Subtle Faults and Fractures’. www.cspg.org to find out when the next Mr. Bethune emphasized the importance He presented a review of the ant- division talk will be held. of creating a set of best practices on tracking program, which was developed (Continued on page 12...)

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 11 (...Continued from page 11) FEBRUARY PETROLEUM INDUSTRY COURSES Reach more than 3000 petroleum professionals who INTERNATIONAL are empowered to purchase your product or service. DIVISION TALK technology • seismic • rocks • maps • formations • land • sediments • history • sea • fossils • environment ADVERTISE IN THE SUMMARY On February 13th, 2013 the International Technical Division of the CSPG welcomed RESERVOIR Dr. Easton Wren to speak about his OVERVIEW OF THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY IN WESTERN CANADA Please call: company’s work in the Neuquén Basin of Emma MacPherson Argentina. Dr. Wren began by explaining Date: May 1st and 2nd, 2013 Tel:403.513.1230 the characteristics of the Neuquén Basin Email: [email protected] Cost: $1050 (includes GST) and how it deepens to the west against Instructor: Bill Ayrton the Andes and contains two prospective shale units: the Vaca Muerta and the Effective for personnel just joining the oil patch, or Molles Shale. Dr. Wren focused on the for financial, accounting, and information systems personnel. late Jurassic – early Cretaceous in age • Learn about the many facets of the industry. Vaca Muerta shale that is estimated to • Oil finding, land acquisition, drilling, seismic, well cover an area of 8,500 square miles. completion, jargon and terminology. This shale varies in depth between 5,500 and 4,000 feet, but what makes it so prospective is that it can be up to 2,000 GEOLOGY FOR NON-GEOLOGISTS feet thick. This shale is overpressured and GEOLOGY FOR NON-GEOLOGISTS has been compared to the well-known Date: May 15th and 16th, 2013 North American Eagle Ford, Haynesville, Cost: $1050 (includes GST) Bakken and Horn River shale plays. One Instructor: Bill Ayrton Photo by: Bill Ayrton unique difference between the Vaca Effective for geological technicians or administrative Muerta shale and these other North staff, or for those who just want a better understanding American shale plays is the types of wells of geology to appreciate the world around us. used in production. The Vaca Muerta • Learn about earth structure, geologic time-scale and Pr esented by: shale is so thick that vertically drilled wells WHO SHOULD ATTEND processes, Western Canada geology, and interesting W.G. (Bill) Ayrton nearby locations. are sufficient to produce the shale. Dr. New geologists, engineers, geophysicists and • Participate in a rock identification exercise, Wren also described the difficulties that landmen, as well as summer students entering are often encountered when exploring cross-section project and a mini-field trip in the industry for the first time will find the downtown Calgary. internationally in undeveloped areas. A courses a very beneficial introduction to the primary difficulty in these areas is the petroleum industry. These courses will be limited availability and quality of data extremely useful to nonprofessional and support sources; a problem which is almost staff in the oil and gas industry, as well as GEOLOGY OF THE WESTERN unheard of in the Western Canadian accountants, lawyers, brokerage and financial CANADIAN SEDIMENTARY BASIN Sedimentary Basin. If you missed this talk personnel working primarily alongside the oil Date: June 4th, 5th, and 6th, 2013 and would like to learn more about the and gas industry. International Technical Division of the Cost: $1575 (includes GST) CSPG visit www.cspg.org to find out when Instructor: Bill Ayrton the next division talk will be held. TO REGISTER Ideal for those who wish to improve their geological To register or to obtain additional information understanding of where and how we look for oil and gas fields in Western Canada. regarding in-house and upcoming courses, please contact: • To visualize what Western Canada looked like throughout the stages of history, for example, the Ayrton Exploration Consulting Ltd. position of the sea versus land, what sediments were deposited, and what type of life that existed Tel: (403) 262-5440 and evolved. • To review the importance of each major stratigraphic Email: [email protected] unit, i.e. Devonian, Mississippian, Cretaceous, etc. • Discuss the geological and seismic expression of Or visit our website: typical oil and gas fields in each unit. www.ayrtonexploration.com

12 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY COURSES technology • seismic • rocks • maps • formations • land • sediments • history • sea • fossils • environment

OVERVIEW OF THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY IN WESTERN CANADA Date: May 1st and 2nd, 2013 Cost: $1050 (includes GST) Instructor: Bill Ayrton Effective for personnel just joining the oil patch, or for financial, accounting, and information systems personnel. • Learn about the many facets of the industry. • Oil finding, land acquisition, drilling, seismic, well completion, jargon and terminology.

GEOLOGY FOR NON-GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGY FOR Date: May 15th and 16th, 2013 NON-GEOLOGISTS Cost: $1050 (includes GST) Instructor: Bill Ayrton Photo by: Bill Ayrton Effective for geological technicians or administrative staff, or for those who just want a better understanding of geology to appreciate the world around us. • Learn about earth structure, geologic time-scale and Pr esented by: WHO SHOULD ATTEND processes, Western Canada geology, and interesting W.G. (Bill) Ayrton nearby locations. New geologists, engineers, geophysicists and • Participate in a rock identification exercise, landmen, as well as summer students entering cross-section project and a mini-field trip in the industry for the first time will find the downtown Calgary. courses a very beneficial introduction to the petroleum industry. These courses will be extremely useful to nonprofessional and support staff in the oil and gas industry, as well as GEOLOGY OF THE WESTERN accountants, lawyers, brokerage and financial CANADIAN SEDIMENTARY BASIN personnel working primarily alongside the oil Date: June 4th, 5th, and 6th, 2013 and gas industry. Cost: $1575 (includes GST) Instructor: Bill Ayrton TO REGISTER Ideal for those who wish to improve their geological To register or to obtain additional information understanding of where and how we look for oil and gas fields in Western Canada. regarding in-house and upcoming courses, please contact: • To visualize what Western Canada looked like throughout the stages of history, for example, the Ayrton Exploration Consulting Ltd. position of the sea versus land, what sediments were deposited, and what type of life that existed Tel: (403) 262-5440 and evolved. • To review the importance of each major stratigraphic Email: [email protected] unit, i.e. Devonian, Mississippian, Cretaceous, etc. • Discuss the geological and seismic expression of Or visit our website: typical oil and gas fields in each unit. www.ayrtonexploration.com ENRICHEDInterpreting and Modeling Geology, Geophysics, Petrophysics

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gravity and magnetic maps. Major anomalies, geologic features with gravity and magnetic Natural fracture by contrast, tend to be associated with lineaments may point to control by basement orogenic basement structures which are fractures and faults. patterns in the ductile and thus of less influence on the sedimentary basins. In much of western BIOGRAPHY Alberta Basin: Canada, adequate gravity and magnetic data Henry Lyatsky is a Calgary-based geophysical are available in the public domain at zero cost and geological consultant who has worked Don’t forget the from government sources. across Canada, northern and western U.S., and internationally in oil and mineral exploration. basement! These data are processed to highlight the hard-to-detect lineaments that could be He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia and SPEAKER related to brittle fault and fracture networks. moved to Calgary as a teenager. He holds a Dr. Henry Lyatsky, P.Geoph., P.Geol. The most fruitful techniques tend to be the B.Sc. in geology and geophysics (1985, University Lyatsky Geoscience Research & Consulting Ltd. most intuitive and the simplest: horizontal and of Calgary), an M.Sc. in geophysics (1988, vertical derivatives, shadowgrams, amplitude University of Calgary) and a Ph.D. in geology 12:00 Noon, gain, third-order residuals. Complex (1992, University of British Columbia). He is Thursday, May 2, 2013 processing methods are best avoided in order the first or sole author of three books (Springer- Conference Centre Room A, +30 to maintain a clear connection between Verlag) on the regional geology and geophysics level, Western Canadian Place derivative anomalies and original raw ones, to of western Canada, two gravity and magnetic (Husky Energy), 707-8th Avenue S.W. prevent the appearance of a mathematically atlases of the Alberta Basin (Alberta Geological Calgary, Alberta baffling and dodgy “black box,” and to avoid Survey) and many papers. He is a member of creating lineament-like processing artifacts. CSEG, MEG and APEGA. ABSTRACT Brittle faults and fractures in the cratonic Lineaments are picked in the derivative gravity Henry is a past president of the Mineral crystalline basement commonly propagate and magnetic maps by hand. A lineament Exploration Group, a province-wide mining- up into the overlying sedimentary section, could be a gradient zone, a linear break in the industry association in Alberta. To avoid the including in the Alberta and Williston basins. main anomaly pattern, a straight anomaly, an downtown rat-race and congestion, he works This phenomenon was described in Europe alignment of small local anomalies, or some from home, enjoys the free space of the Alberta in the 1920s and the same concept has been combination of the above – in short, without outdoors, and loves nothing better than in-depth applied in Alberta since Leduc. With or even prejudice, anything in a map that seems linear. history books and good hikes in the mountains. without big vertical offsets, basement faults Identified lineaments may not all be fault and fractures affect patterns of deposition, and fracture zones, and some real faults and DIVISION INFORMATION erosion, compaction, alteration and salt fractures may have no discernible gravity and Structural Division talks are monthly and cover dissolution, as well as the development of magnetic signatures. a diversity of structural themes. Our Structural primary and secondary porosity including Division sponsors are HEF Petrophysical and fracture porosity. The picked lineaments should be compared Husky Energy. All are welcome and no registration Basement faults and fractures in western with surface topography and drainage patterns is required. For additional information, to be Canada commonly have too little offset to and, above all, with subsurface geological and placed on the Division e-mail list or to present be resolvable with seismic data, but many seismic information. Correlations of linear a talk, please contact Darcie Greggs, Darcie. of them appear as subtle linear anomalies in reservoir trends and other Phanerozoic [email protected]

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18 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 SYNTHETIC LOG CURVES: An Essential Ingredient for Successful Stimulation Design | By E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. and Dorian Holgate, P.Geol.

INTRODUCTION to obtain our results. Gas effect in the be removed and then replaced by a set Good quality sonic and density log data invaded zone is handled by well-established of log values representing the un-invaded are required for calculating a petrophysical mathematical techniques or by calibration of reservoir condition. This is the opposite of analysis for reservoir description, or for results to core analysis data if the logs are the stimulation design problem. In seismic determining elastic properties of rocks for inadequate for the purpose. modeling in light hydrocarbons, the density stimulation design, or for seismic modeling. does not read low enough and the sonic Rough borehole conditions and gas effect are For stimulation design modeling, you want does not read high enough to represent the most common problems that will need the logs to accurately represent a water-filled the undisturbed reservoir. Unless we fix to be repaired. reservoir. Since logs read the invaded zone, this, reflection coefficients are too small, light hydrocarbons (light oil or gas) make the inversion models of Poisson’s Ratio will Log editing to repair problem data goes by density log read too low and the sonic log not be calibrated, and direct hydrocarbon several names: log repair, log reconstruction, read too high, compared to the water filled interpretations may be misleading. or log modeling. We can also create missing case. The magnitude of the error cannot be log curves by the same reconstruction estimated without first reconstructing the Log editing and creation of synthetic logs methods. Some calibration data may be logs from an accurate petrophysical analysis. is absolutely necessary in rough boreholes required from offset wells to do this reliably. or when needed log curves are missing, The reconstructed logs are often called The light hydrocarbon effect alone would or where gas effect has to be removed or synthetic logs, to distinguish them from the lead to erroneous elastic properties such augmented. Fracture design based on bad original measured data set. as Poisson’s Ratio and Young’s Modulus, data guarantees bad design results. Seismic and thus in closure stress predictions. Add modeling, synthetic seismograms, and seismic Reconstruction techniques are not new - some rough borehole effects, and you have inversion interpretations are worthless if they have been with us since the beginning a meaningless set of elastic properties for based on inappropriate log data. of computer aided log analysis in the early stimulation modeling. Don’t despair, there is 1970’s and some primitive methods date a solution. This article discusses the subject with respect back to the 1940’s. The problem is that few to the needs of stimulation design. We will people understand the need for the work or Geophysicists modeling seismic response leave the seismic case to another day. are unfamiliar with appropriate techniques. also need good log data for creating synthetic seismograms, calibrating seismic inversion SIMPLIFIED WORKFLOW Exactly what you do to reconstruct the log models, and for direct hydrocarbon detection The concept of log reconstruction is very data will depend on what you want to do models. The problem here is quite different simple: with that data. For example, in a conventional than either the petrophysical analysis or 1: Recognize bad data quantitative petrophysical analysis, we go stimulation design cases. If light hydrocarbon 2: Replace it with better data to great lengths to avoid using bad data effect exists in the invaded zone, this must (Continued on page 21...)

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 19 PetroFecta® from Fluid Inclusion Technologies is a unique approach combining XRF (PDQ-XRF ®), Trapped Fluid Analysis (FIS ®), and High Resolution Photography (RockEye ®) of the entire wellbore from well cuttings or core samples of any age. All analyses are conducted on the same 1 gram sample (up to 575 samples per well) with an analytical cycle of four days. Data provided on a DVD with previewer software.

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FIT_UmbrellawBooth_Reservoir.indd 1 3/20/13 12:56 PM TABLE 1: RECOMMENDED PARAMETERS In intervals where there is no bad hole or light hydrocarbon, the reconstructed Density DTC DTS logs should match the original log curves. kg/m3 usec/m usec/m If they do not, some parameters in the Shale 2200 - 2600 280 - 500 490 - 770 petrophysical analysis or the reconstruction model are wrong and need to be fixed. It Fresh water 1000 656 1280** may take a couple of iterations. Remaining Salty water 1100 616 1200** differences are then attributed to the repair of bad hole effects and light hydrocarbons in Oil (light - heavy) 700 - 1000 770 - 616 1200** the invaded zone. The reconstruction needs Gas Not required for a log reconstruction for stimulation design to encompass somewhat more than the Granite 2650 182 262 immediate zone of interest, but not usually the entire borehole. Quartz 2650 182 291 Limey sandstone 2680 170 292 There are a dozen or more published methods Limestone 2710 155 294 for generating synthetic logs, some dating back more than 60 years, long before the computer Limey dolomite 2800 150 270 era. Most are too simple to do a good job; Dolomite 2870 144 245 others are too complicated to be practical. Anhydrite 2900 164 280 The most successful and practical model Coal 1200-1800 328+ 500+ to implement and manipulate is the Log Response Equation. This equation represents (...Continued from page 19) the log “should have read” under the the response of any single log curve to The workflow for log reconstruction modeled conditions we wish to impose. shale volume, porosity, water saturation, requires a competent petrophysical The parameters required will vary hydrocarbon type, and lithology. analysis for shale volume, porosity, water depending on whether the reconstruction saturation, and lithology using as little is for a water-filled case, an invaded- Another valid modern method is multiple bad log data as possible. After calibration zone case, or an undisturbed reservoir linear regression to generate missing or to to ground truth, these results are then regardless mathematical model is identical replace bad data. This requires very careful “reverse engineered” to calculate what for all three cases. (Continued on page 22...)

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Visit Us at: GeoConvention Booth #1004; AAPG Booth #2033; SPWLA Booth #500 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 21

FIT_UmbrellawBooth_Reservoir.indd 1 3/20/13 12:56 PM Bulk moduli are in GPa, density is in kg/m3, and sonic travel times are in usec/m in these equations.

It is clear from Equations 5 and 6 that both DTC and DTS depend on density, which in turn depends on mineral composition, porosity, and the type of fluid in the porosity. Both Kc and N depend on mineral composition and the presence of porosity.

So extending the Wyllie time-average equation to the case of shear travel time is not so far-fetched, and the use of a pseudo- travel time for the fluid term is merely a convenient way to avoid the pain and sorrow of the Wood-Biot-Gassmann equation set.

Parameters used in the response equations are chosen appropriately for the case to be modeled. The Sw term varies with what you are trying to model. If you want to model the undisturbed state of the reservoir, Sw is the water saturation from a deep resistivity log and an appropriate water Figure 1: Example of synthetic density and sonic logs used to calculate elastic properties for a fracture design study. saturation equation. If you want to see what Track 1(Correlation) has GR, caliper, and bad hole flag (black bar). Track 2 (Density) has density correction (dotted a log would actually read in that zone, you curve), neutron (dashed), original density (black), synthetic density (red). Track 3 (Sonic) shows the synthetic shear sonic (blue), synthetic compressional sonic (red), along with the original sonics (black). Track 4 (Poisson’s Ratio) need the invaded zone water saturation, displays calculated results using raw data (black) and using modeled data (red). Track 5 (Young’s Modulus) displays because that’s what most logs see. Invaded similarly shows results from the original log (black) and the modeled log (red). Track 6 (Bulk Volumes) displays the rock zone saturation, Sxo, can be derived using composition used as input to the modeling process. Note the error in the original shear sonic data above and below the sand interval (reading much too high). The modeling process was used to remedy this. a shallow resistivity curve, or it can be assumed to be Sw^(1/5). (...Continued from page 21) 3: DTSsyn = Vsh * DTSSH + DTS1 * Vmin1 consideration of a discriminator curve to + DTS2 * Vmin2 + DTS3 * Vmin3 + If you want to see what a water zone would select valid input data. The drawback is that PHIe * Sw * DTSW + PHIe * (1 - Sw) * look like, Sw is set to 1.00. That is what we the output curves cannot be manipulated DTSHY do for a reconstruction destined to be used with individual parameters in different in calculating rock mechanical properties for lithologies or fluid types, as can be done with Where: DENSsyn, DTCsyn, and DTSsyn stimulation design. the Log Response Equation. are synthetic density, compressional and shear sonic DENSx, DTCx, In all cases, you need to select fluid CREATING SYNTHETIC LOGS FROM and DTSx are density and sonic parameters to match the assumptions of THE LOG RESPONSE EQUATION parameters for each mineral and fluid. the model. For example, to reconstruct The best and easiest modern method for Other symbols and abbreviations are listed a log run through an invaded gas zone to log reconstruction uses the Log Response in the Nomenclature at the end of this article. reflect the undisturbed case, you need to Equation. Results are based on a complete use the undisturbed zone water saturation and competent petrophysical analysis run Equation 1 is physically rigorous. Equation 2 and appropriate fluid properties for the using only good log data over the interval is the Wyllie time-average equation, which water and gas in each equation. Note that of interest, and a little above and below has proven exceedingly robust despite its for stimulation design, a gas model is not that interval. This article does not cover lack of rigor. Equation 3 is discussed below. required. For seismic modeling, it is required. the petrophysical analysis methods needed - they are well documented elsewhere at Sharp eyed readers will notice that there Matrix and fluid values for each required log ww.spec2000.net/01-index.htm. is a porosity term in Equation 3. Everyone curve are given in Table 1 (page 21). They knows that a fluid in a pore does not support may need some tuning to obtain a good The equations needed are: a shear wave, but porosity does affect shear match to measured values. Shale values are wave travel time in a manner similar to chosen by observation of the log readings 1: DENS syn = Vsh * DENSSH + DENS1 the compressional travel time. Consider the in shale intervals. You may have to look to * Vmin1 + DENS2 * Vmin2 + DENS3 * following equations: offset wells to find a shale that does not Vmin3 + PHIe * Sw * DENSW + PHIe * suffer from bad hole effects. (1 - Sw) * DENSHY 4: Kc = Kp + Kb + 4/3 * N The shear travel time values in Table 1 2: DTCs yn = Vsh * DTCSH + DTC1 * 5: DTC = 1000 / ((Kc / (0.001 * DENS)) (page 21) for fluids represent pseudo-travel- Vmin1 + DTC2 * Vmin2 + DTC3 * ^ 0.5 times that act as proxies in the Response Vmin3 + PHIe * Sw * DTCW + PHIe * 6: DTS = 1000 / ( (N / (0.001 * DENS)) ^ Equations to account for the effect on (1 - Sw) * DTCHY 0.5) density when gas, oil, or water are present.

22 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 This is a pragmatic solution that works well. If you want more rigor, you need to use the Wood-Biot-Gassmann equation set.

For those who are unhappy with Equation 3, the usual shortcut that can be used is to determine a DTC multiplier (DTS/DTP) based on the lithology as determined from the petrophysical analysis:

7: DTSs yn = KS8 * DTCsyn

TABLE 2: KS8 – DTS / DTC MULTIPLIER

Coal 1.9 to 2.3 Shale 1.7 to 2.1 Limestone 1.8 to 1.9 Dolomite 1.7 to 1.8 Sandstone 1.6 to 1.7

Figure 2: Effect of error propagation of a +/-5% error in DTC, DTS, DENS, and all It is reasonable to calculate a composite KS8 multiplier value three combined on calculated rock properties. using the volume weighted fraction of each rock component. The multiplier is relatively independent of porosity. Because the range of KS8 for typical rocks is moderately large, Equation 3 is actually easier to manipulate since each mineral and shale volume parameter can be tuned separately.

An example of a reconstruction using the response equation model for a stimulation design in a Viking reservoir is shown in Figure 1. A detailed petrophysical analysis, not shown here except for the lithology track, preceded the reconstruction, and provided the shale volume, porosity, water saturation, and mineralogy inputs required.

ERROR PROPAGATION The main reason for calculating synthetic log curves is to reduce the errors in calculated mechanical rock properties. Of all the properties that can be calculated from logs, Poisson’s Ratio suffers the worst error if there are even small errors in the log data used to derive it. Unfortunately, Poisson’s Ratio is also the most import input required in calculating the closure stress, a key parameter in hydraulic fracture design.

To illustrate where Poisson’s Ratio fits into a frac design, consider the simple case of isotropic reservoirs as defined by:

8: R = DTS / DTC

9: PR = (0.5 * R^2 - 1) / (R^2 - 1)

10: Pclo s = (PR / (1 – PR)) * Po + (1 – (PR / (1 – PR))) * Pp * ALPHA

Both equations 9 and 10 amplify any errors in the initial DTC and DTS data by surprisingly large amounts. Figure 2 and Table 3 presents the propagation of error for four cases, representing a +/-5% error in individual inputs and a combined case in which all three inputs are in error and non-compensating.

Another example of synthetic logs with the original measured curves, and the computed rock mechanical properties, is shown in Figure 3: Example of log reconstruction in a Dunvegan shaly sand sequence. Curve Figure 3 (page 24). Black curves show the original logs and calculated complement and colour codes are the same as Figure 1. Although the density results from those original logs. Coloured curves show the synthetic correction is large (orange shading in Track 2), the reconstructed log shows a close resemblance to the recorded density. The shear and compressional sonic show logs and results from the synthetic logs. larger differences caused by the rough hole and some light hydrocarbon effect. (Continued on page 24...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 23 TABLE 3: ERROR PROPAGATION Input Data Error Error In Calculated Results Case DENS DTC DTS PR E PR/(1-PR) One 0 5 0 18 3.5 22 Two 0 0 5 15 7.0 20 Three 5 0 0 – 5.0 – Four 5 5 5 41 3.0 48

The bargraph and table show how a single 5% error is multiplied four-fold by the nature of the Poisson’s Ratio equation.

(...Continued from page 23) CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE AUTHORS We have shown how small input errors amplify to become surprisingly large due to the inherent nature of the equations that are used to obtain rock mechanical properties.

To reduce error propagation issues, reconstructed or synthetic logs are an essential input to stimulation design software packages. Creating such logs requires a significant effort to first produce a competent petrophysical analysis. However, that analysis has other uses, such Ross Crain Dorian Holgate as determining completion intervals and the best location for horizontal wells, not to E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. is a Consulting BJ’s Associate Engineer Program. Later, he mention the more usual applications such Petrophysicist and Professional Engineer, with joined BJ’s Reservoir Services Group, applying as reserves and productivity estimates. So over 50 years of experience in reservoir the analysis of well logs to rock mechanics the effort is not wasted. description, petrophysical analysis, and to optimize hydraulic fracturing programs. management. He is a specialist in the In 2005, Dorian joined Husky Energy as a In the end, the cost of the full analysis integration of well log analysis and petrophysics Petrophysicist and progressed to an Area and reconstruction is trivial compared with geophysical, geological, engineering, Geologist role. He completed a number of to the cost of completion, or worse, an stimulation, and simulation phases of the oil petrophysical studies and built 3-D geological unsuccessful completion design. and gas industry, with widespread Canadian models for carbonate and clastic reservoirs. and Overseas experience. He has authored Dorian holds membership in APEGA, CSPG, NOMENCLATUIRE more than 60 articles and technical papers. SPE, SPWLA, and CWLS. DENS = dens ity of rock including fluid His online shareware textbook, Crain’s filled porosity (kg/m3) Petrophysical Handbook, is widely used as a Kp = comp ressional bulk modulus of the reference for practical petrophysical analysis pore space (GPa) methods. Mr. Crain is an Honourary Member Kb = compr essional bulk modulus of and Past President of the Canadian Well empty rock frame (GPa) Logging Society (CWLS), a Member of SPWLA, Kc = comp osite bulk modulus of rock and a Registered Professional Engineer with including fluid filled porosity (GPa) APEGA. N = shear modulus of rock including fluid filled porosity (GPa) Dorian Holgate is the principal consultant DTC = comp ressional sonic travel time of Aptian Technical Limited, an independent (usec/m) petrophysical consulting practice. He DTS = shear sonic travel time (usec/m) graduated from the University of Calgary with PR = Poisson’s Ratio (unitless) a B.Sc. in Geology in 2000 and completed Po = overburden pressure (KPa) the Applied Geostatistics Citation program Pp = pore pressure (KPa) from the University of Alberta in 2007. After Pclos = closure stress (KPa) graduation, he began working in the field for BJ ALPHA = Biot’s Constant (unitless) Services (now Baker Hughes) and completed

24 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 ROCK SHOP

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 25

26 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 5•MAY ISSUE RESERVOIR 26 | Bugaboos,The Bugaboo Provincial Park, B.C. AHIKE TAKE GO By Markus Ebner Markus By View of Snowpatch Spire and the Crescent Glacier. Glacier. Crescent the and Spire Snowpatch of View The heavily crevassed Bugaboo Glacier mantles its steep flanks. flanks. steep its mantles Glacier Bugaboo crevassed heavily The Hut. Kain the nears one as meadow alpine the from Tooth Hound’s the of View inclusions of country rock (The Horsethief Creek Group) in the granite. granite. the in Group) Creek Horsethief (The rock country of inclusions shaped irregularly larger, see can one hut, Kain the above and near boulders the of some In batholiths. of emplacement the to prior ended have must range that in activity fault thus and range) that of (part Thrust Purcell the cut batholiths aforementioned The Trench. Mountain Rocky day present the of west developed was range asimilar Rockies the of formation the to Prior today. as them see we form the into spires the carving finished today, active and evident still are that glaciation, of periods Further intrusion. the exposed rock country surrounding the of erosion and batholith the of uplift Subsequent rock. igneous coarse-grained the of development the allowed years of millions over cooling slow The phenocrysts. K-spar) called (often feldspar orthoclase coloured pink to Batholith is zoned to from porphyritic finecrystalline biotite monzonite quartz with large buff Creek Horsethief younger The monzonite. aquartz east the to and granodiorite hornblende-biotite grained fine of unit awestern has Batholith Bugaboo The 1988). Heyden, der Van and (Hoy 122 94Ma and between dating Batholith) Creek Horsethief (the series a further by followed was intrusion This deposits). clastic marine deep and fan submarine of (consisting Group Creek Horsethief PreCambrian) (late Hadrynian the within surface the below 8km perhaps emplaced was Batholith Bugaboo the ago) 135 years million (approximately Cretaceous early the In lunch. for spot aperfect and views amazing with line, tree the at perched hut amagnificent is This Hut. Kain the to one leads boulders granite sturdy on switchbacks steeper of aseries staircase, the atop Once railing). hand linked achain from support have which of (all concrete with granite in cast-staircase acement and climb aladder ledges, thin of a number though hiker the leads trail worn well The upwards. and across traverse must you that headwalls steeper of aseries to shortly come will one meadow, the Above spires. granitic incredible the of view first your get will you where meadow filled flower stunning this from is It meadow. alpine an into forest the from emerge soon will you moraine lateral main the ascending After glaciation. Holocene recent most the from –remnants moraines terminal and lateral over staircase-trail formed anaturally through weave will one and begins ascent the Shortly, sediment. glacial with laden crossing acreek and forest alush through pass will one starts, hike the As hiker. prepared the to accessible are isolated, relatively while and arena, climbing rock alpine class aworld and views spectacular offer They backyard. own our in found conveniently are but spires, granitic Patagonian the of splendor the match that odyssey ageological are Bugaboos The Pers. Comm.: ClintTippett; Oct1, 2011. of Canada, Memoir369. Reesor, J. E., 1973Geology oftheLardeauMap Area, East-Half, BritishColumbiaMemoir, Geological Survey Pope.A., 1990. “Toby-Horsethief CreekMap Area. MEMPROpenFile 1990-26. Hoy T. and Van derHeyden P., 1988. CJES, V.25, 106-115 Atkinson, C andPiche, M., 2003. TheBugaboos. ElahoPublishing. REFERENCES: E Fall. early to Summer early from ranges here season hiking typical The winds. cool and lightning downpours, torrential for days summer warm on even prepared Be Rockies. the in elsewhere experience would one than variable and extreme more often is Bugaboos the in Weather hut. the reach to climb staircase railed chain-hand asteep, and that hiking some ona ledges, requires trail exposed traverses advanced ladder narrow climb an is here described as hike The hut. the beyond travel to essential is training and equipment mountaineering Proper terrain. alpine high into one lead that hut the beyond and above splay that trails more many are There Hut. Kain Canada’s of Club Alpine the to D lot. parking large the of end east the at map abillboard by marked clearly is trailhead The hosing. rubber gnawing from rodents large prevent to lot) the of end west the at provided wire of –piles overnight left when (especially wire chicken in car your wrap you that imperative is it lot parking the in Once (45km). Park Provincial Bugaboo to one lead that signs the follow and Road Brisco on Brisco of village the at west Go roads. forestry rough on be will you as vehicle a 4x4 AWD or have to advised strongly is It B.C. Brisco, 26 Trailhead: leva ista 0 km to Radium Hot Springs, B.C. From here, travel 28 km north on Highway 95 to 95 to Highway on north 28 km travel here, From B.C. Springs, Hot Radium to 0 km nce and C and nce tion Gain: Gain: tion From junction with TransCanada Hwy drive south on Hwy 93, approximately 93, approximately Hwy on south drive Hwy TransCanada with junction From auti 700m to the Kain Hut. Plan on 3 - 8 hours return. 3-8hours on Plan Hut. Kain the to 700m on: on: 9km return. The hike as described here is an ‘In and out’ out’ and ‘In an is here described as hike The return. 9km

Background Photo by Astrid Arts. Background Photo by Astrid Arts. The rock is ~30cm long. long. ~30cm is rock The metamorphism. contact by recrystallized been has that case) this in group Ck (Horsethief rock country hornfels: contains hut the approaching cliffs steep the below rubble The Eastpost Spire. Spire. Eastpost from taken Glacier Crescent Upper the and Spire Bugaboo of View scale. for beanie Blue shape. melted partially rounded, and fractures its Note chamber). magma the into settled and detached has that rock country 600-1000Ma the of portion (a axenolith with bugaboos the of granite grained coarse the of up A close The Reservoir Committee The Reservoir [email protected] from ourreadershipto on yourfavourite hike welcomes contributions If youwishtooffera of geological interest, Go Take aHike submission to Reservoir at Reservoir information. this series. email the for more tungsten (Pope, 1990). 1990). and (Pope, tungsten molybdenum, thorium, niobium, uranium, of amounts elevated of basis the on stake to region the past in the in claims companies some lead glacier the from draining creeks in placer outwash of Exploration A bove: Applebee Dome Camping area with the view toward the Hound’s Tooth and Bugaboo Glacier. Glacier. Bugaboo and Tooth Hound’s the toward view the with area Camping Dome Applebee Mount Robson in 1913 and Bugaboo Spire in 1916. in 1913 in Spire Robson Bugaboo Mount and summited who aguide Kain Conrad after named Hut, Kain Canada’s of Club Alpine The large pink k-spar and quartz (white) crystals. (white) quartz and by k-spar pink enclosed large crystals hornblende long cm 5-6 black with monzonite quartz Porphyritic RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 27 5•MAY ISSUE RESERVOIR CSPG PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CSPG PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2013 EDUCATION2013 EDUCATION PROGRAM PROGRAM

SOFT SKILLS Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Downtown Matt Hall 1d May 3 Calgary Communicating geoscience: writing and talking about the earth's subsurface 350

Downtown Time Management – Strategies, Tips & Techniques to Get Control of Your Day, Life and Bruce Lee 1d May 13 350 Calgary Career Downtown Networking: Real World & Real Time Connections - Creating Powerful New Circles of Bruce Lee 1d Oct 24 350 Calgary Influence PRODUCTION Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Downtown Glen Eckert 1d May 2 Calgary Introduction to Directional Drilling and Geological Placement 825

Downtown Glen Eckert 1d May 3 Calgary Advanced topics in Directional Drilling and Geological Placement 825

Downtown Andrew Newson 3d May 13-15 Calgary Introduction to the RDA Software - bed dips, fracture analysis and geosteering 1,475

Field Seminar Drilling and Production; a Trip to a Working Drilling Rig and Production Facilities David Hill 1d June 7 550

Downtown David Hill 2d Oct 21-22 Calgary Drilling & Production Fundamentals 950 GENERAL GEOSCIENCES Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Downtown Marian Warren Geological and Seismic Interpretation in Structurally Complex Settings 3d May 1-3 1,650 Calgary Mark Cooper Downtown Clayton Deutsch 2d May 2-3 Calgary Introduction to Petroleum Geostatistics 1,175

Downtown Deepwater Petroleum Systems with an Emphasis on Reservoir Characterization and Grant Wach 1d May 9 550 Calgary Linked Depositional Systems Downtown Peter Flynn 1d May 13 Calgary Understanding Financial Statements 550

Downtown Octavian Catuneanu 2d May 13-14 Calgary Sequence Stratigraphy: Principles and Applications 1,170

Downtown Winston Karel 3d May 15-17 Calgary Survival Petrophysics Course 1,600

Field Seminar Geology for non Geologists Jon Noad 1d June 20 350

Downtown David Hill 2d Oct 23- 24 Calgary Conflict Resolution within the Realm of Oil & Gas Negotiations 950

Downtown John Holbrook 2d Oct 23-24 Calgary Fluvial Stratigraphy 1,050 CARBONATES Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Introduction to Carbonate Core workshop – overview of the Devonian in the Western Eva Drivet, David ERCB Core 0.5d May 1 (am) 435 Canadian Sedimentary Basin Hills & Laurie Slezak Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Systems of the Sappington (Bakken/Exshaw) and Three Ted Doughty Field Seminar 3d Jul 25-27 1,500 Forks Formations in Western Montana** George Grader

page 1 of 2

* + CAD125 for Non-member Latest update: www.cspg.org ** Course listed both under Clastic and Carbonates CSPG PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CSPG PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2013 EDUCATION2013 EDUCATION PROGRAM PROGRAM

CLASTIC Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)*

ERCB Core Clastics Facies and Depositional Environments in Core Bill Arnott 3d May 1-3 1,525

Downtown Andrew Miall 2d May 2-3 Calgary The Architecture of Fluvial Reservoirs 855

ERCB Core Subsurface Methods In Clastic Sediments Doug Cant 2d May 2-3 1,000

ERCB Core Mannville Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Doug Cant 3d May 15-17 1,775

Field Seminar Ichnological and Sedimentological Analysis at Willapa Bay, a Mesotidal Estuary Murray Gingras 4.5d May 25 pm-29 1,900

Field Seminar Contrasting the Reservoirs of Braided and Meandering depositional systems Jon Noad 1.5d June 12 pm-13 540

Murray Gingras Field Seminar Tide-Dominated Depositional Environments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada 4d June 12-15 2,650 Shahin Dashtgard Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Systems of the Sappington (Bakken/Exshaw) and Three Ted Doughty Field Seminar 3d Jul 25-27 1,500 Forks Formations in Western Montana** George Grader Subtidal Sandbodies Heterogeneity and Sequence Stratigraphic Distribution in the Gog Patricio Desjardins Field Seminar 3d Sep 4-6 1,775 Group of the Southern Canadian Rockies: Insights for Reservoir Modelling Luis Buatois

ERCB Core Mannville Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Doug Cant 3d Oct 16-18 1,775

ERCB Core Subsurface Methods In Clastic Sediments Doug Cant 2d Oct 21-22 1,000

ERCB Core Rock Creek Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Doug Cant 1d Oct 25 625

SHALE GAS Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Downtown Pat McLellan 2d May 15-16 Calgary Practical Geomechanics for Unconventional Oil and Gas 1,500 OIL SANDS Nb Member Location Title Authors Dates Days Cost (CAD)* Downtown Maurice Dusseault 2d May 2-3 Calgary Viscous Oil Production Methods and GeoScience Screening Criteria 1,275

Downtown How to Build and Use 3D Virtual Models of Outcrops at High Resolution and Accuracy C. Aiken, M. Wang & 1d May 3 500 Calgary Using Ground LiDAR and Digital Photography, with Case Histories L. White R. Strobl, M.Fustic & Field Seminar SAGD Fundamentals - Field Seminar in Fort McMurray, Alberta 2d June 18-19 1,950 D.Wightman Murray Gingras & Field Seminar Geology of the Athabasca Oil Sands 3d Sep 5-7 3,650 Mike Ranger

Field Seminar Glacial sedimentology for oil sands geologists Nick Eyles 3d Sep 11-13 1,490 Gironde estuary and Aquitaine coast field trip: modern environments and reservoir Field Seminar Hugues Fenies 4d Sep 17-20 3,400 characterization

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* + CAD125 for Non-member Latest update: www.cspg.org ** Course listed both under Clastic and Carbonates CSPG Award Ceremony

Please join us at the CSPG Awards & Volunteer Recognition Presentations

May 6, 2013 5:30pm – 7:30pm Imperial Ballroom, Hyatt Regency

This is your night as a CSPG contributor to be recognized in front of your peers, friends, and family. Reception follows.

30 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 HONORARY MEMBER OF THE CSPG W.R. (Bill) May

Bill May has had a very successful career; driven by his love of geology, a lifelong passion for learning and a strong desire to give back to his profession and to his community.

Bill was born in Montreal and since high school he knew that he wanted to be a geologist. He graduated from Dalhousie University with a B.Sc. Honours in Geology and a minor in Engineering. He started his career in the mining industry and in 1974 joined Amoco Canada to start a career in the petroleum industry. Early projects included the structurally complex Ricinus field where Bill’s work added 6 mmbo. Later success included recommending a Beaver Hill Lake prospect at Blackstone with geophysicist Rick Flury, which has produced 0.8 Tcf to date. In conjunction with this work, Bill led a field party that mapped the facies and reservoir quality of these units in the Rockies general partner of limited partnerships. He Vice-Chair, 1992 AAPG convention. He was a co-founder of three small companies has received 14 volunteer service awards In 1978 Bill moved to Anschutz Canada, including one junior capital pool company including Volunteer, Service, Tracks and where he was responsible for prospect and Excite Energy, which he sold in 2006 in President’s awards from the CSPG. In generation and drilling, testing and order to retire. He is currently President 2009, Bill was made a Fellow of Engineers completion operations for between 60-130 of a registered charitable organization. Canada in recognition of his volunteer wells/year. He enjoyed continued success work for that profession. as a proven oil and gas finder. Bill attributes Bill has made technical presentations his success to a combination of creativity to the CSPG and to the Canadian Well In recognition of Bill’s many exploration and a rigorous, disciplined approach to Logging Society. In addition, he has successes and his outstanding contributions prospect generation. taught geological courses to petroleum to the CSPG we welcome him as an geoscientists and engineers and field Honorary Member of the CSPG. Bill’s early exploration career was schools. He has provided leadership on over terminated by low product prices in 1986. 40 industry and community committees Bill had just been elected Treasurer of including over 20 CSPG committees, the the CSPG and he turned himself into a Banff Conference Committee (University volunteer accountant. At that time, the of Alberta), the Advisory Committee accounting for the Society was done by (Alberta Geological Survey), Faculty of their auditor who once a year was given Science Council (University of Calgary) and boxes of bills and receipts to organize. He setup an accounting system for the Society, a financial reporting system for committees and he computerized the Society’s office. Bill served on the CSPG executive from Reach more than 3000 petroleum professionals who 1986-1990 as Treasurer, Vice President, are empowered to purchase your product or service. President and Past President. During Bill’s tenure the number of CSPG committees ADVERTISE IN THE increased to 92 with over 600 volunteers with the addition of employment, education and specialist conference committees. RESERVOIR In 1989 Bill started W.R. May & Associates Please call: Petroleum Consultants focusing on regional Emma MacPherson geological studies for the next 10 years. Tel:403.513.1230 Email: [email protected] Bill later served as an officer or director of public and private companies and as

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 31 HONORARY MEMBER OF THE CSPG Andrew D. Miall an international symposium on fluvial Andrew served as editor of Geoscience sedimentology in Calgary. This symposium Canada for 8 years, as co-editor of the led to the publication of CSPG Memoir 5. journal Sedimentary Geology for 18 years, In 1979, Andrew moved back east to and is currently the Sedimentology editor become a professor at the University of for the journal Earth Science Reviews. Toronto where he continues to teach and carry out research. Andrew has been much honoured for his work. He was awarded the Past In addition to his specialized work on President’s Medal of the GAC in 1983, fluvial sedimentology, Andrew is probably and was elected a Distinguished Fellow of equally well known for his work on that society in 1995, the same year he was sequence stratigraphy and insightful inducted into the Royal Society of Canada. critiques of the Exxon global cycle charts. In 2001 he was awarded an Honorary His technical books include Principles of Doctorate by the University of Pretoria, Sedimentary Basin Analysis and Geology South Africa, and in 2004 he received the of Stratigraphic Sequences, and Andrew Grover E. Murray Distinguished Educator is currently completing another book on Award from the American Association of fluvial sedimentology. With Nick Eyles, Petroleum Geologists. Andrew co-authored Canada Rocks, a history of the geology of Canada for non- Andrew served as President of the Andrew Miall was born in Brighton, scientists which was named Science book Academy of Science of the Royal Society England, and obtained his B.Sc. at the of the year by the Toronto Star in 2007. of Canada from 2007 to 2009. Recently University of London. He then emigrated Andrew has also presented short courses he has served on the federal Oil Sands to Canada and obtained his Ph.D. in Arctic on these topics for the CSPG fifteen Science Advisory Panel and Alberta geology at the University of Ottawa in times since 2004, in addition to many Environmental Monitoring Panel. These 1969. Andrew continued moving westward courses for other professional geoscience studies have helped to bring about major and came to Calgary to work with J.C. organisations worldwide. improvements in the monitoring practices Sproule and Associates and Shell before being carried out in the Lower Athabasca joining the Geological Survey of Canada With his wife, Charlene, a professor area. in 1972. of Sociology at McMaster University, Andrew conducted 71 interviews across As a field geologist, a research scientist, and Andrew’s role at the Survey was to carry Canada, and used data from a web-based a nationally and internationally recognized out regional basin studies and mapping in survey to publish papers on Canadian scholar in the field of petroleum geology the Arctic Islands, and he also developed earth scientists’ perspectives on geology Andrew is an outstanding candidate for his academic interests as well. By 1977, as a discipline, climate change science, honorary membership in the Canadian he had become a leading expert on and the future of fossil fuel industries. Society of Petroleum Geologists. fluvial sedimentology, and he organized

The 10 th Annual Friends of Science Luncheon To Heat or Eat: Europe’s Climate Policy Fiasco Featuring:

Dr. Benny Peiser ...... Author & Director of Tuesday, May 14th, 2013 - 11:30 am The Global Warming Metropolitan Conference Centre Policy Foundation, UK 333 – 4th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta

TICKETS: $75 or $600 / Table of eight. For more information: www.friendsofscience.org or Call: 1-888-789 -9597

32 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 53rd ANNUAL CSPG CLASSIC Elbow Springs Golf Club • June 20-21, 2013

3 3 r 1 d 0 cspg.org C 2 LASSIC

The Tournament would like to thank the following 2012 sponsors: Registration Form Diamond Sponsors NAME: geoLOGIC Systems Little Rock Document Services Schlumberger of Canada SIGNIFICANT OTHER:

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Silver Sponsors To assist the Entertainment Committee with budgeting, please indicate th Gabel Energy Inc. Martin uinn if you plan to attend the two major social events of the tournament: The 10 Annual Friends of Science Luncheon Global Energy Services Thursday Barbecue: Yes q No q Bronze Sponsors Friday Awards Banquet: Self: Yes q No q To Heat or Eat: Europe’s Climate Policy Fiasco Candian Stratigraphic Services San Dago Resources Ltd. Guest: Yes q No q Fekete Associates Seismic Brokerage Services Ltd Featuring: Hydro-Fax Resources Ltd. Social Events Cancellation or Additions require 72 hours notice before the event. Please contact Scott Thain (403) 262-9229; cell (403) 999-8558 Sponsorship Welcome, Contact: James Ablett (403) 290-7670 or email: [email protected] Dr. Benny Peiser ...... Visit us on Facebook or Linkedin: CSPG Classic Golf Author & Director of Make Cheques Payable To: CSPG (Classic Golf ) Tuesday, May 14th, 2013 - 11:30 am The CSPG Classic Golf Tournament has incorporated Send Entries To: CSPG Classic Golf Tournament The Global Warming 100, 333 5th Avenue S.W. Metropolitan Conference Centre fundraising for charity as part of the event. Policy Foundation, UK 333 – 4th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta Calgary, AB, T2P 3B6 In 2013 the charity selected is the * Please photocopy your entry form and cheque before mailing. TICKETS: $75 or $600 / Table of eight. CSPG Educational Trust Fund Last day for refund requests: June 5, 2013. For more information: On-Line Registration Information: For Non-member or Student registration contact www.friendsofscience.org Use CSPG Membership Log-In, Scott Thain (403) 262-9229 or cell (403) 999-8558 or Call: 1-888-789 -9597 Go to Event Registration-Social Events, CSPG Classic

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 33 GEO-CAFÉ – A new service for CSPG Members The Geo-Café is an attempt to provide a we do recognize that certain topics benefit Professionals in Geoscience new method for learning and discussion from input by other disciplines. We want within the CSPG. The primary goal will be to encourage a wide range of experience www.apega.ca to focus on current topics of interest to the level at these events so you may be just an geological community that are not typically interested observer or a world renowned addressed by the Divisions. Examples might expert on a particular topic CORPORATE SUPPORTERS include new rules and regulations; discussion around technological developments; a recent When are Geo-Café events held? AGAT Laboratories natural or man-made disaster. Possibilities Whenever we have an individual willing to Apoterra Seismic Processing Ltd. Branching In ARC Resources Ltd. are as broad as your imagination. lead a session on an appropriate topic and Arcis Seismic Solutions when the CSPG boardroom is available. Cabra Consulting Ltd. THE CONCEPT They may be held at any hour of the day Technical skills matter. Staying on top of technical developments through networking and Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. An individual or company makes an informal depending on the leader’s availability. scientific presentations helps you have a productive and successful career. CGG Veritas Services Inc. thirty minute presentation on a topic Compass Directional Services followed by thirty minutes for discussion. How much do they cost? Soft skills matter too. Our publics rely on us to communicate understandable geoscience Continental Laboratories Ltd. Many topics may have broader scope or These sessions are free to CSPG members Cossack Land Services Ltd. benefit from greater exposure; in which and you may even get a free coffee! information. We have to work with people to manage budgets and projects. We need a solid Crescent Point Energy Trust case following a successful introduction knowledge of industry trends. We need exposure to case studies from all over industry so we Datalog Technology Inc. through Geo-Café they may become topics Do I need to sign up? can bring fresh approaches to our projects. Edge Technologies Inc. for Continuing Education, the Divisions, Space is limited at the CSPG office so Encana Corporation a luncheon presentation, or a Gussow you must register through normal CSPG Exova Canada Inc. Conference. channels. Once registered you are expected Your APEGA branch, through lunch and learn seminars and networking opportunities, can Explor to attend or send an alternate. help you hone your soft skills. Branch luncheons examine local big and small innovative GeoTir Inc. What if I have a topic I want to present projects, industry trends and professional issues that keep you current and inspire new ideas. GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. or see discussed? How will I know what is being IHS Please contact Kelsey Green (Kelsey. presented? Kulczyk Oil Ventures There are also opportunities to volunteer with a branch and influence the branch’s direction [email protected]) or Dave Russum Advertising of events will be solely through LXL Consulting Ltd. ([email protected]). electronic media and at relatively short and programming. McDaniel & Associates Consulting Ltd. notice. The CSPG is currently looking at MOH & Associates Oilfield Consultants new methods of communicating with our National Oilwell Varco Where are these held? Participating in your APEGA branch is another way to support and advance the geoscience Nickpoint Environmental Services In the boardroom of the CSPG office in members through social media so watch profession. Olympic Seismic Ltd. Calgary (#110, 33 – 5th Avenue SW). out for this. Paradigm Geophysical Corp. Depending on the success of these sessions For more information: Pason Systems Corp. we will look at teleconferencing or other Comments? Thoughts? Ideas? Perpetual Energy Inc. communication methods for our more We welcome them all! Feel free to contact Tom Sneddon, P.Geol. Pioneer Professional Group distant members. Dave Russum ([email protected]) or Director Geoscience and Outreach Pro Geo Consultants Kelsey Green ([email protected]). P: 403-262-7714 or 888-262-3688 ProActive Health Who can attend? Pulse Seismic This is intended for CSPG members though E: [email protected] Regent Resources Ltd. Rigsat Communications RPS Energy Canada Ltd. SAExploration Schlumberger Canada Limited ROCK SHOP SeisWare Sensor Geophysical Ltd. Sigma Explorations Inc. Sourcex Total Gas Detection Ltd. Trident Exploration Corp. Western Geco AS OF APRIL 10, 2013 Conventional Wells CSPG welcomes our 2013 Corporate Supporters! • Horizontal Wells The beneﬁts of being a corporate member include: - Spearﬁsh • Reco gnition in the monthly Reservoir and quarterly Bulletin - Viking • One associate membership - Bakken • Reserved tables at the technical luncheons with your company logo - Cardium • One free pass to the CSPG Core Conference Email: [email protected] - Horn River Shale Gas …and more! Contact Kasandra Klein at [email protected] www.serpaconsulting.com to be a corporate member today!

34 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2013 Professionals in Geoscience www.apega.ca

Branching In Technical skills matter. Staying on top of technical developments through networking and scientific presentations helps you have a productive and successful career.

Soft skills matter too. Our publics rely on us to communicate understandable geoscience information. We have to work with people to manage budgets and projects. We need a solid knowledge of industry trends. We need exposure to case studies from all over industry so we can bring fresh approaches to our projects.

Your APEGA branch, through lunch and learn seminars and networking opportunities, can help you hone your soft skills. Branch luncheons examine local big and small innovative projects, industry trends and professional issues that keep you current and inspire new ideas.

There are also opportunities to volunteer with a branch and influence the branch’s direction and programming.

Participating in your APEGA branch is another way to support and advance the geoscience profession.

For more information: Tom Sneddon, P.Geol. Director Geoscience and Outreach P: 403-262-7714 or 888-262-3688 E: [email protected] Want to bring geology back into geophysical interpretation? All Aboard

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