Government of Ghana

GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

MEDIUM-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN UNDER GHANA SHARED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA [GSGDA 2014-2017] FOR SEKYERE EAST DISTRICT

SUBMITTED BY:

SEKYERE EAST DISTRICT ASSEMBLY

DECEMBER, 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of this Medium Term Development Plan 2014-2017 would not have materialized without the commitment and tireless efforts of some personalities at the DPCU, Urban-Area Councils and other dedicated staff of Department of Community Development, particularly the Head of Department, Mr. Patrick Danso Agyeman. To these people, the District Assembly with profound gratitude and thanks acknowledge and appreciate their commitment and tireless efforts in the preparation of the Plan Document.

Our appreciation also goes to the management of the District Assembly and the entire Assembly members for their moral, material and financial support.

Special thanks go to the officers at the Regional Planning Co-ordinating Unit (RPCU), Kumasi for the facilitating role they played in the preparation of the Plan document.

Finally, the devoted services of all people-secretaries and other dispatching officers- who contributed immensely towards the success of the project are duly recognized.

Greater thanks to God (the Creator) who made everything possible

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... I

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... II

ACRONYMS ...... XV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... XXV

CHAPTER ONE ...... 1

Performance Review and District Profile of Sekyere East District ...... 1

1.1 Introduction ...... 1

1.2 Performance Review ...... 1

1.3 Objectives of the Performance ...... 2

1.4Performance of SEDA from 2010-2013 ...... 2

1.5 Programme and Project Implementation Analysis from 2010-2013 ...... 6

1.6 HIV/AIDS Situation in the District...... 8

1.6.1 Statistics on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT) ...... 9

1.6.2 Know your status campaign (KYS) ...... 10

1.6.3 Referrals ...... 10

1.6.4 Challenges in HIV/AIDS ...... 10

1.6.5 Way forward for Improving HIV/AIDS ...... 10

1.7 Performance of Internally Generated Fund (IGF), 2010-2013 ...... 11

1.7 IGF Expenditure Performance from 2010-2013 ...... 11

1.9 Challenges that affected Revenue Mobilization within the District included: ...... 12

1.10 Improving the Collection of IGF ...... 13

1.11 Performance of Grants, 2010-2013 ...... 13

1.12 Challenges of Grants Receipts ...... 14

1.13 Problems/Constraints encountered during plan implementation ...... 14

1.14 Lessons Learnt Which Have Implications for the 2014- 2017 (DMTDP) ...... 15

1.15 Summary and Conclusions ...... 15

1.16 Establishment, Vision, Mission and Functions of SEDA ...... 16

1.16.1 Establishment ...... 16

1.16.2 Vision Statement ...... 16

1.16.3 Mission Statement ...... 16

1.16.4 Functions of the Assembly ...... 16

1.17 District Profile ...... 17

1.17.1 Location and Size ...... 18

1.17.2 Climate ...... 23

1.17.3 Vegetation ...... 23

1.17.4 Relief and Drainage ...... 23

1.17.5 Conditions of the natural environment ...... 23

1.17.6 Mineral Deposits ...... 24

1.17.7 Housing Stock ...... 24

1.17.8 Conditions of the built environment ...... 24

1.17.9 Soil ...... 25

1.17.9.1 Soils developed over Granitic Rocks ...... 26

1.17.9.2 Soils developed over Birrimian Rocks ...... 26

1.17.9.3 Soils developed over Voltaian Rocks ...... 27

1.17.9.4 Soils developed over Alluvium ...... 27

1.17.10 Agricultural Land Use...... 27

1.17.11 Impact of Human Activities ...... 28

1.17.12 Aesthetic Features and Land Management ...... 28

1.17.13 Implications of the Physical and Natural Environment for development ...... 29

1.18 Culture of the people in the District ...... 29

1.18.1 Language and Dressing ...... 30

1.18.2 Food, Music/Dance and Games ...... 30

III

1.18.3 Religious Affiliation ...... 30

1.18.5 Traditional Set up ...... 31

1.18.5.1 Town/Village Chiefs ...... 31

1.18.5.2 The Queen Mother ...... 32

1.18.5.3 Attendants ...... 32

1.18.6 Traditional Knowledge ...... 32

1.18.6.1 Myths, Proverbs and Names ...... 32

1.18.7 Attitude and Practices ...... 33

1.18.7.1 Libation ...... 33

1.18.7.2 Beliefs in the potency of demons, witches and gods ...... 33

1.18.7.3 Ancestral Worship ...... 33

1.18.7.4 Marriage Ceremony ...... 33

1.18.7.5 Naming Ceremony ...... 33

1.18.7.6 Funerals ...... 34

1.18.7.7 Moral and Social Values ...... 34

1.18.7.8 Good Manners ...... 34

1.118.8 Participation ...... 34

1.18.9 Positive Cultural Practices Necessary to Promote Development in the district ...... 34

1.18.10 Ethnic Conflicts and Chieftaincy Disputes likely to hamper development ...... 34

1.18.11 Implications for development ...... 35

1.19 Demographic Characteristics ...... 35

1.19.1 Population Size and Distribution ...... 35

1.19.2 Age-Dependency...... 36

1.19.3 Age-Sex Structure ...... 36

1.19.4 Fertility, Mortality and Migration ...... 37

1.19.4.1 Fertility ...... 37

1.19.4.2 Migration...... 39

1.19.5 Implications for development ...... 39

1.20 Spatial Analysis ...... 39

1.20.1 Population Distribution by Settlements ...... 40

1.20.2 Location and Distribution of Services ...... 42

1.20.3 Hierarchy of Settlements in Terms of Functions ...... 42

1.20.4 Transportation and Post Telecommunication ...... 45

1.20.5 Accessibility to Services in the Sekyere East District ...... 48

1.20.5.1 Accessibility to Health Facilities ...... 50

1.20.5.2 Agricultural Extension Services ...... 53

1.20.5.3 Banking Services ...... 55

1.20.5.4 District Police Service...... 55

1.20.5.5 Production and Marketing Centres ...... 55

1.20.5.6 Accessibility to Education ...... 59

1.20.5.7 Spatial Distribution of Water Supply ...... 61

1.20.5.8 Spatial Distribution of Electric Power ...... 63

1.20.5.9 Spatial Distribution of Toilet Facilities...... 65

1.20.5.10 Commodity Flows ...... 67

1.20.5.10.1 Exogenous Flows ...... 67

1.20.5.10.2 Endogenous Flows ...... 67

1.20.5.11 Manifestation of Levels and Locations of the Poor and Functional Regions ...... 68

1.20.5.16 Poverty Profiling/Mapping and Pro-Poor Programming ...... 69

1.20.5.12 Summary of Outcome of Community Level Stakeholders Dialogue ...... 70

1.20.5.12.1 Dimensions and Manifestations/Indicators of Poverty ...... 70

1.20.5.12.2 Causes of Poverty in the District ...... 70

1.20.5.12.3 Current Coping Mechanisms of the Poor ...... 71

1.20.5.12.4 Future Coping Mechanisms of the Poor ...... 71

1.20.5.17Expected Distribution of Services for 2014 - 2017 ...... 72

1.20.5.18 Implications for Development ...... 72

1.20.5.13Nature of Physical Development and Problems of Town Planning/Development Control ...... 72

1.20.5.14The Space Economy ...... 74

1.20.5.15Linkage with other Districts...... 74

1.20.6: District Economy ...... 74

1.20.6.1Economic Activity Status ...... 75

1.20.6.2 Occupation ...... 76

1.20.7 Industry ...... 76

1.20.7.1Households in Agriculture and not in Agriculture ...... 77

1.20.7.2 Types of Farming Activities ...... 79

1.20.7.3 Agriculture Extension Capacity ...... 81

1.20.7.4Access to Food Outlets ...... 82

1.29.7.6 Major Crop Performance ...... 83

1.20.7.7 Value of Crop Production ...... 84

1.20.7.8 Post-Harvest Losses ...... 85

1.20.7.9 Key Development Problems in the Agricultural Sector ...... 86

1.20.8 Commerce ...... 87

1.20.10 Services ...... 87

1.20.11Local Trade Associations in the District ...... 88

1.20.12 Key Development Problems in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors ...... 89

1.20.13 Business Advisory Centre (BAC) ...... 89

1.20.14 Employment Status ...... 90

1.20.15 Employment Sector ...... 92

1.20.16 Key Development Problems of Unemployment and Under-employment ...... 93

1.20.17 Implications to Development ...... 94

1.20.18 Revenue and Expenditure Status of the District ...... 94

1.20.18.1 Internally Generated Fund (IGF), 2010-2013 ...... 95

1.20.18.2 Grants, 2010-2013...... 95

1.20.18.3 Expenditure (IGF) ...... 97

1.20.18.4 Expenditure (Grants) ...... 98

1.20.19 Prudent Fiscal Management ...... 98

1.20.19 Matching Revenue with Expenditure...... 99

1.20.20 Economic Resources ...... 99

1.20.21 Inter and Intra Trade ...... 100

1.20.21.1 Inter Trade ...... 100

1.20.21.2 Intra Trade ...... 100

1.20.22Local Economic Development Issues ...... 100

1.20.22.1 Strength of LED ...... 101

1.20.22.2 Weaknesses of LED ...... 101

1.20.22.3 Implications for development ...... 102

1.20.23 Food Security ...... 102

1.20.23.1 Key Development Issues in Food Security ...... 102

1.20.23.2 Strategies/ way forward of food security and emergency preparedness ...... 103

1.20.23 Governance ...... 103

1.20.23.1 The District Assembly ...... 103

1.20.23.2 Committee System ...... 104

1.20.23.3 Departments of the Assembly ...... 104

1.20.23.4 Sub-District Structures ...... 105

1.20.23.5 Traditional Authority ...... 106

1.20.24 Accountability ...... 106

1.20.25 Participation of Citizenry ...... 107

1.20.26 Application of Communication Strategies ...... 107

1.20.27 Security ...... 108

VII

1.20.27.1 Commonly and Major Reported Offences from 2010-2013 ...... 108

1.20.27.2 Challenges of the Police Service ...... 109

1.20.28 Education ...... 110

1.20.28.1 Basic School Level ...... 110

1.20.28.2Private Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013 ...... 111

1.20.28.3 Teachers in Public Basic Schools ...... 112

1.20.28.4 Educational Performance ...... 113

1.20.28.5 The Use of ICT Facilities in Schools ...... 116

1.20.28.6 Coverage School Feeding Programme...... 118

1.20.28.7 Key Development Issues in Education ...... 118

1.20.29 Health Care ...... 119

1.20.29.1 Reproductive and child health ...... 119

1.20.29.2 Safe Mother Hood ...... 120

1.20.29.4 Skilled Delivery ...... 121

1.20.29.5 Maternal Death Rate ...... 122

1.20.29.6 Family Planning Acceptor Rate ...... 123

1.20.29.7 Health Promotion Activities ...... 123

1.20.29.8 Nutrition rehabilitation...... 123

1.20.29.9 Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative...... 124

1.20.29.10 Food Demonstration and Nutrition Education Session ...... 124

1.20.29.11 Public health services ...... 125

1.20.29.12 Improve Early Detection, Reporting and Management of Communicable Diseases...... 126

1.20.29.13 Disease for Eradication ...... 126

1.20.29.14 Disease for elimination ...... 126

1.20.29.15 Diseases for control...... 126

1.20.29.16 National Immunization Day (NID) ...... 127

VIII

1.20.29.17 Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPT)...... 130

1.20.29.18 Home based care ...... 134

1.20.29.19 Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) ...... 135

1.20.29.20 Clinical/institutional care service ...... 136

1.20.29.21 National Health Insurance Status in the District ...... 137

1.20.29.21.1 Accredited Health Care Providers by Type of Ownership, 2010-2013 ...... 137

1.20.29.22 Admission and deaths ...... 138

1.20.29.23 Support Services ...... 138

1.20.29.24 Key Development Issues in the Health Sector ...... 140

1.20.30: Water and Sanitation ...... 140

1.20.30.1 Main Source of Water for Drinking and for other Domestic Use...... 140

1.20.30.1 Bathing and Toilet Facilities ...... 142

1.20.30.3 Method of Waste Disposal ...... 145

1.20.30.4 Key Development Issues in Water and Sanitation ...... 146

1.20.31 Information Communication Technology ...... 148

1.20.31.1 Ownership of Mobile Phones...... 148

1.20.31.2 Use of Internet...... 148

1.20.31.3 Household Ownership of Fixed Telephone Lines ...... 149

1.20.31.4 Household Ownership of Desktop or Laptop Computer ...... 149

1.20.32 Housing Conditions ...... 150 1.20.32.1Housing Stock ...... 150

1.20.32.2: Type of Dwelling, Holding and Tenancy Arrangement ...... 151

1.20.32.3: Construction Materials ...... 153

1.20.32.3 Room Occupancy ...... 155

1.20.32.4 Access to Utilities and Household Facilities ...... 155

1.20.32.5 Key Development Issues in the Housing Sector ...... 158

1.20.33 Vulnerability Analysis ...... 158

1.20.33.1 Dimensions of vulnerability ...... 158

1.20.33.2 Underlying Causes of Vulnerability in Sekyere East District ...... 159

1.20.33.2.1 External factors ...... 159

1.20.33.2.2 Endogenous factors ...... 159

1.20.33.3 Current State of Vulnerability and Exclusion in Sekyere East District ...... 160

1.20.33.4 Key development issues in vulnerability ...... 162

1.20.33.5 Programmes of Associated Institutions of Vulnerable and Excluded ...... 162

1.20.34 Disability ...... 163

1.20.34.1 Population with Disability ...... 163

1.20.34.2 Type of Disability ...... 164

1.20.34.2 Distribution by Type of Locality ...... 165

1.20.34.3 Disability and Activity ...... 166

1.20.35 Disaster ...... 167

1.20.35 HIV and AIDS Situation in the District ...... 167

1.20.35.1 Prevalence of HIV and AIDS ...... 168

1.20.35.2 Current statistics on HIV testing and counseling (HTC) ...... 168

1.20.35.3 Key Determinants of HIV/AIDS in the District ...... 168

1.20.35.4 Gender and HIV/AIDS Vulnerability ...... 168

1.20.35.5 Risk Factors and HIV/AIDS Transmission ...... 169

1.20.35.6 Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges in HIV and AIDS Management ...... 170

1.20.35.7 Prioritized Interventions ...... 171

1.20.36 Gender Analysis ...... 171

1.20.36.1 Influence on access to and control over resources ...... 171

1.20.36.2 Gender and the Use of Internet ...... 172

1.20.36.3 Gender and Household Ownership of Desktop or Laptop Computer ...... 172

1.20.36.4 Gender, Literacy and Education ...... 172

1.20.36.5 Gender and Health ...... 173

1.20.36.6 Gender and the District Economy ...... 174

1.20.36.7 Violence against Women ...... 175

1.20.36.8 Political participation and representation...... 176

1.20.36.8 Identified key gender issues in the district ...... 176

1.20.36.9 Key Interventions ...... 177

1.20.37 Environment, Climate Change and Green Economy ...... 177

1.20.37.1 The key environmental issues include ...... 178

1.20.37.2 Interventions to Address Environment, Climate Change and Green Economy.. 179

1.20.38 Water Security ...... 180

1.20.38.1 Water Resources ...... 180

1.20.38.2 Water-Related hazards ...... 180

1.20.38.3 Water Quality ...... 181

1.20.38.4 Water for Food ...... 182

1.20.38.5 Key development issues in Water Security ...... 182

1.20.38.6 Interventions to Address Issues in Water Security ...... 182

1.20.39 Development Indicators of the District ...... 183

1.20.40 Eliciting Community Perspective on Development Issues and Aspirations ...... 185

1.20.41 Harmonization of Community Needs with Key Development Issues of GSGDA ...... 189

CHAPTER TWO ...... 192

Development Priorities ...... 192

2.1 Introduction ...... 192

2.4.1 Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability ...... 196

2.4.2 Enhancing Competitiveness in the Private Sector ...... 197

2.4.3: Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Sustained Natural Resource Management197

2.4.4: Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlements ...... 198 XI

2.4.5: Human Development, Productivity and Employment ...... 200

2.4.6: Transparent and Accountable Governance ...... 202

CHAPTER THREE ...... 204 Development Focus, Goal, Objectives and Strategies ...... 204 3.0 Introduction ...... 204

3.1 District Development Focus ...... 204

3.2 National Development Goal ...... 204

3.3 District Development Goal ...... 204

3.4 Goal Compatibility Analysis...... 204

3.5 Development Prospects for 2014 – 2017 Period...... 205

3.5.1 Development Projections for 2014-2017 ...... 205

3.5.2 Population Projections ...... 206

3. 5.3 Threshold Population for Services (Standards) ...... 208

3.5.2 Educational Projections for 2014-2017 ...... 209

3.5.3.1 Arable land per-capita ...... 210

3.5.3.2 Consumption of major crops ...... 211

3.5.4` Health Projections ...... 211

3.6 Objectives and Strategies ...... 212

CHAPTER FOUR ...... 221 Development Programmes and Composite Programme of Action ...... 221 4.1 Development Programmes ...... 221

4.2 Joint District Development Programme...... 221

4.4 Composite Programme of Action ...... 221

4.5 Sustainability Assessment of The DMTDP (2014-2017) ...... 235

4.5.1 Background ...... 235

4.5.2 Purpose of the Sekyere East District SEA ...... 235

XII

4.5.3 Scope of the SEA ...... 236

4.5.4 Methodology and Approach ...... 236

4.5.4.1 Steps Taken ...... 236

4.5.5 Linkages between policy objectives and major environmental concerns ...... 236

4.5.6 Internal Consistency...... 237

4.5.7 Sustainability Test ...... 238

4.5.8 Measures to Address Environmental Impacts...... 240

4.5.9 Implications of the Measures for the Budget and Institutional Capacities ...... 242

4.5An Indicative Financial Plan 2014-2017 ...... 244

CHAPTER FIVE ...... 247 Implementation Arrangements...... 247 5.1 Implementation Plan ...... 247

5.2 Annual Action Plans ...... 247

5.3 District Medium Term Development Plan Linked to the MTEF Annual Budget ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Linking the Plan to the MTEF Annual Budget ...... 298

CHAPTER SIX ...... 299

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS ...... 299

6.1 Introduction ...... 299

6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation in Perspective ...... 299

6.2.1 Definition of Monitoring...... 299

6.2.2 Definition of Evaluation ...... 299

6.2.3 Purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 299

6.3 Design of the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan...... 301

6.3.1 The Goal and Objectives of the MTDP ...... 301

6.3.2 Status of Implementation of the DMTDP ...... 302

XIII

6.3.3 Stakeholder Analysis ...... 303

6.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Conditions and Capacities ...... 303

6.3.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators and Targets ...... 303

6.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix ...... 304

6.3.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Calendar ...... 304

6.3.8 Data Collection, Validation, Analysis and Use of Results ...... 304

6.3.9 M&E Information System...... 305

6.3.10 M&E Reporting ...... 305

6.3.11 Dissemination of the M&E Reports ...... 305

6.3.12 Monitoring and Evaluation Budget ...... 305

6.4 Evaluation ...... 306

CHAPTER SEVEN ...... 307 Development of District Communication Strategy/Plan ...... 307 7.1 Introduction ...... 307

7.2 Purpose and Objectives of Sekyere East District Assembly Communication Strategy . 307

7.3 Stakeholders/ Target Audience ...... 308

7.4 Formation of Development Communication Committee ...... 308

7.5 Functions of the Communication Strategy Committee ...... 308

7.6 Communication Channels ...... 309

XIV

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Performance of the Assembly from 2010-2013 3 Table 1.2: The Gross Performance of Assembly under 2010-2013DMDTP 7 Table 1.3: HIV/AIDS Cases from 2010-2013 9 Table 1.4: Statistics on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT) 9 Table 1.5: Number of ANC Registrants 10 Table 1.6: Contribution of the various items to IGF in the district 2010-2013 11 Table 1.7: IGF Expenditure (IGF) Performance from 2010-2013 12 Table 1.8: Agricultural land use in the District 28 Table 1.9: Population by religion and sex 30 Table 1.10: Population by age, sex and type of locality 35 Table 1.11: Age Structure 36 Table 1.12: Total Population, Deaths in households, Crude Death Rate and Causes of Death by District, Ashanti Region 38 Table 1.13: Scalogram Before Plan (2014) 43 Table 1.14: Level of Hierarchy 45 Table 1.15: Road Network and Road Conditions 47 Table 1.16: Average Speed/Waiting Time 49 Table 1.17: Acceptable Travel Time to Access Selected Facilities and Services 49 Table 1.18: Facilities and Maximum Distances within Adequate Accessibility 50 Table 1.19: Health facilities in the District 51 Table 1.20: Development Nodes and Interventions 69 Table 1.21: Development Control Challenges and mitigation measures 73 Table 1.22: Employed population 15 years and older by occupation and sex 76 Table 1.23: Employed population 15 years and older by Industry and Sex 77 Table1.24: Type of Farming Activities 78 Table 1.25: Distribution of livestock and keepers 80 Table 1.26: Agriculture Extension Capacity 81 Table 1.27: Availability and Access to Food Outlets 82 Table 1.28: Agricultural Input Outlet Distribution 82 Table 1.29: Major Crop Performance 2010-2011 83 Table 1.30: Major crop performance from 2012-2013 84 Table 1.31: Value of Crop Production 84

Table 1.32: Value of Crop Production 85 Table 1.33: Percentage of Post-Harvest Losses for Major Crop in the district 85 Table 1.34: Local Trade Associations and Membership 88 Table 1.35: Client-Base of BAC from 2010-2013 90 Table 1.36: Employed population 15 years and older by employment status and sex 90 Table 1.37: Employed population 15 years and older by employment sector and sex 93 Table 1.38: Proportion (%) of major sources of revenue to the District Assembly 94 Table 1.39: Contribution of the various items to Grants in the district 2010-2013 97 Table 1.40: Expenditure (IGF) 97 Table 1.41: Strength of Personnel from 2010-2013 108 Table 1.42: Commonly and Major Reported Offences from 2010-2013 109 Table 1.43: Public Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013 110 Table 1.44: Private Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013 112 Table 1.45: Teachers in Public Basic Schools 112 Table 1.46: Teachers in Basic Private Primary Schools 113 Table 1.47: Performance of pupils BECE in the District 115 Table 1.48: Proportion of Males and Females Passes at BECE in the District 2010-2013 115 Table 1.49: JHS Schools with ICT Facilities 116 Table 1.50: Primary Schools with ICT Facilities 117 Table 1.51: Maternal Death Rate 122 Table 1.52: Number of mothers who initiated breastfeeding one hour after delivery from 2010-2013 124 Table 1.53: Surveillance on Disease 125 Table 1.54: Schistosomiasis Treatment in Schools 127 Table 1.55: Yaws Treatment in Schools 127 Table 1.56: NID-2012-2013 128 Table 1.57: District EPI Coverage for 2011 -2013 129 Table 1.58: Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria (IPT) 130 Table 1.59: OPD Cases Under –five Years 131 Table 1.60: OPD Cases 5 Years and above 132 Table 1.61: OPD Malaria Pregnant 132 Table 1.62: Malaria In-patient-Under 5 years 132 Table 1.63: MALARIA- In-patient 5 years and above 132 Table 1.64: MALARIA- IN-PATIENT Pregnant Women 133 XVI

Table1.65: 2013 Malaria cases by age groups 133 Table 1.66: In-Patient Deaths Under 5 Years 133 Table 1.67: In-Patient Death above 5 Years 133 Table 1.68: Maternal Malaria Deaths 134 Table 1.69: Common Illness and treatment by CBAs 134 Table 1.70: Demarcated CHPS zones 135 Table 1.71: OPD attendance 136 Table 1.72: NHIS Subscribers by Category from 2010-2013 137 Table 1.73: Accredited Health Care Providers by Type of Ownership, 2010-2013 138 Table 1.74: Human Resource 139 Table 1.75: Main source of water of dwelling unit for drinking and other domestic purposes 141 Table 1.76: Population Served and Coverage of Portable Water in the District 142 Table 1.77: Type of toilet facility and bathing facility used by households by type of locality 143 Table 1.78: Distribution of sanitation facility, people served and coverage in the district 144 Table 1.79: Method of solid and liquid waste disposal of households by type of locality 145 Table 1.80: Population 12 years and older by mobile phone ownership, internet facility usage, and Sex 148 Table 1.81: Households having desktop/laptop computers, fixed telephone lines and Sex of head 150 Table 1.82: Stock of houses and households by type of locality 151 Table 1.83: Ownership status of dwelling by sex of household head and type of locality 151 Table 1.84: Type of occupied dwelling unit by sex of household head and type of locality 152 Table 1.85: Main construction material for outer wall of dwelling units by type of locality 153 Table1.86: Main construction material for the floor of dwelling units by type of locality 154 Table 1.87: Main construction material for roofing of dwelling unit by type of locality 154 Table 1.88: Households by size and number of sleeping rooms occupied in dwelling unit 155 Table 1.89: Main source of lighting of dwelling units by type of locality 156 Table 1.90: Main source of cooking fuel used by households 157 Table 1.91: Overview of Vulnerability and Exclusion Underlying Trend 160 Table 1.92: Registered and Handled cases on Children in the District 161 Table 1.93: Population by type of locality, disability type and sex 165 Table 1.94: Population by type of locality and sex 165 XVII

Table 1.95: Persons 15 years and older with disability by economic activity status and sex 166 Table 1.96: Types and occurrence of disaster in the District 167 Table 1.97: Development Indicators of the District 183 Table 1.98: Development Issues under Ensuring and sustaining macroeconomic stability) 185 Table 1.99: Development Issues under Enhanced Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector 186 Table 1.100: Development Issues under Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Sustainable Natural Resource Management) 186 Table 1.101: Development Issues under Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlement 187 Table 1.102: Development Issues under Human Development, Productivity and Employment 188 Table 1.103: Development Issues under (Transparent and Accountable Governance 189 Table 1.104: Harmonization of Community Needs and Aspirations with Identified Development Issues of GSGDA 1 190 Table 2.1: Harmonized Identified Development Issues Outlined Under the Various Thematic Areas of the GSGDA 2010-2013 192 Table 2.2: Adopted Issues of the NMTDPF 2014-2017 Linked To the Harmonized Issues of the GSGDA 2010-2013 193 Table 2.3: Prioritization/Ranking of District Needs and Aspirations 195 Table 2.4: Matrix of development potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges 196 Table 3.1: Goal Compatibility Analysis for the District Development Goal and the National Development Goal 205 Table 3.2: Projected District Population (2014-2017) 206 Table 3.3: Projected Population for Twenty (20) Major Settlements in the District 207 Table 3.4: Projection for School Age Population in the District 207 Table 3.5: Threshold Population for Services (Standards) 208 Table 3.6: Projection of Service Needs (2014-2017) 209 Table 3.7: Projected Enrolment in Public Basic Schools in the District 210 Table 3.8: Projected Demand for Teachers for Public Basic Schools in the District 210 Table 3.9: Projection for Percentage consumption of major crops for 2014-2017 211 Table 3.10: Projection for Health Facilities 211 Table 3.11: Thematic Areas, Adopted Issues, Policy Objectives and Strategies 213

XVIII

Table 4.1: Joint District Development Programme 221 Table 4.2: Composite Programme of Action 222 Table 4.3: Summary of Results linking policy objectives and major environmental Concerns 236 Table 4.4: Interventions and Budget 243 Table 4.5: Indicative Financial Plan for the Plan Period 2014-2017 244 Table 5.1: Annual Action Plan 2014 248 Table 5.2: Annual Action Plan 2015 262 Table 5.3: Annual Action Plan 2016 275 Table 5.4: Annual Action Plan 2017 287 Table 5.5: Area of Expenditure of the Plan 298

XIX

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Gross Performance of the Assembly under DMTDP 2010-2013 8 Figure 1.2: HIV/AIDS Trends from 2010-2013 9 Figure 1.3: Sekyere East District Map 19 Figure 1.4: Sekyere East in Regional Context 21 Figure 1.5: Sekyere East District in National Context 22 Figure 1.6: Population Pyramid of Sekyere East 37 Figure 1.7: Age specific death rates 38 Figure 1.8: Spatial Distribution of Population 41 Figure 1.9 Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities 52 Figure 1.10: Sekyere East District Agriculture Extension Zones 54 Figure 1.11: Spatial Distribution of production centres 56 Figure 1.12: Spatial Distribution of Market Centres 58 Figure 1.13: Spatial distribution of Educational Facilities 60 Figure 1.14: Spatial Distribution of Water Facilities 62 Figure 1.15: Spatial Distribution Settlements with Electricity 64 Figure 1.16: Spatial Distribution of Sanitary Facilities 66 Figure 1.17: Activity status of persons 15 years and older 75 Figure 1.18: Employed Population 15 years and older by Industry 77 Figure 1.19: Percentage of households engaged in Agriculture by locality 78 Figure 1.20: Type of Farming Activities 79 Figure 1.21: Employment Status 91 Figure 1.22: Employment status of persons15 years and older by sex 92 Figure 1.23: Employment sector of persons 15 years and older 93 Figure 1.24: Proportion of various sources of revenue to the Assembly 95 Figure 1.25: Enrolment Levels in Public Basic Schools from 2010-2013 111 Figure 1.26: Teachers in Basic Public Schools from 2010-2013 113 Figure 1.27: Performance of Pupils at the BECE from 2010-2013 114 Figure 1.28: Proportion of Males/Females passes at BECE in the district for 2010-2013 116 Figure 1.29: Teenage Pregnancy 10-19 121 Figure 1.30: Skilled Delivery from 2011-2013 121 Figure 1.31: TBA Delivery from 2011-2013 122 Figure 1.32: FP Acceptor Rate 123

Figure 1.33: NIDS Performance 129 Figure 1.34: District EPI Coverage 130 Figure 1.35: Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria (IPT) 131 Figure 1.36: Types of household toilet facilities 144 Figure 1.37: Main source of lightening 156 Figure 1.38: Types of disability 164

XXI

ACRONYMS AIDs - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome APRs - Annual Progress Reports ASSI - Association of Small Scale Industries BAC - Business Advisory Centre BECE - Basic Education Certificate Examination CBOs - Community Based Organizations CBRDP - Community-Based Rural Development Project CSOs - Civil Society Organizations CWSA - Community Water and Sanitation Agency CWIQ - Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire CWSPII - Community Water and Sanitation Programme II DA - District Assembly DADU - District Agriculture Development Unit DACF - District Assemblies Common Fund DCD - District Co-ordinating Director DCE - District Chief Executive DDF - District Development Fund DEHU - District Environmental Health Unit DEOC - District Education Oversight Committee DFO - District Finance Officer DFR - Department of Feeder Roads DFID - Danish Fund for International Development DGHS - District Ghana Health Service DMTDP - District Medium Term Development Plan DPCU - District Planning and Co-ordinating Unit DNYEP - District National Youth Employment Programme DPO - District Planning Officer DWST - District Water and Sanitation Team ECG - Electricity Company of Ghana ECCD - Early Childhood Care and Development EPI - Expanded Programme on Immunization EHU - Environmental Health Unit FBOs - Farmer Based Organizations XXII

FCDP - Food Crop Development Project GDHS - Ghana District Health Service GETFUND - Ghana Education Trust Fund GES - Ghana Education Service GG - Good Governance GHS - Ghana Health Service GLSS - Ghana Living Standard Survey GoG - Government of Ghana GPRTU - Ghana Private Road Transport Union GPRS II - Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy II GSGDA - Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda GTZ - German Technical Co-operation HRD - Human Resource Development HIPC - Highly Indebted Poor Country HIV - Human Immune Virus ICT - Information Communication Technology IDA - International Development Association IGF - Internally Generated Fund IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development ILGs - Institute of Local Government Studies IT - Information Technology ISMES - Improvement and Sustenance of Macro-Economic Stability JHS - Junior High School JICA - Japanese International Co-operation Agency KG - Kindergarten Km - kilometer KVIP - Kumasi Ventilated Improved Pit LED - Local Economic Development LRED - Local and Regional Economic Development MCA - Millennium Challenge Account MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies MDGs - Millennium Development Goals M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation MiDA - Millennium Development Authority XXIII

MLG&RD - Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MMC - Market Management Unit MOFA - Ministry of Food and Agriculture MTEF - Medium Term Expenditure Framework MP - Member of Parliament NCCE - National Commission for Civic Education NDPC - National Development Planning Commission NGO - Non-Governmental Organization NYEP - National Youth Employment Programme OG - Oil and Gas OPD - Out Patient Department POCC - Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges PM&E - Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation PSD - Private Sector Development PTA - Parent Teacher Association RPCU - Regional Planning Co-ordinating Unit SDA - Seventh Day Adventist SEDA - Sekyere East District Assembly SHS - Senior High School SMCs - School Management Committees STME - Science Teachers and Mathematical Education SSNIT - Social Security and National Insurance Trust SSSCE - Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination TAG - Transparent and Accountable Governance T/ACs - Town-Area Councils T&CP - Town and Country Planning Department TVET - Technical and Vocational Education Training UN - United Nations UNICEF - United Nations International Cultural Education Fund VIP - Village Infrastructure Project ViP - Ventilated Improved Pit WATSAN - Water and Sanitation Committee WC - Water Closet WVI - World Vision International XXIV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction In May 2014 the National Development Planning Commission issued guidelines to District Assemblies and MDAs for the preparation of a fifth District Medium Term Development Plans 2014-2017 under the National Medium Term Development Policy Framework (NMTDPF) 2014-2017 of the government, to succeed the 2010-2013 District Medium Term Development Plans, which elapsed in December 31st, 2013. The 2014-2017 DMTDPs, like the previous plans are based on seven (7) main thematic areas of the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda ( GSGDA II) 2014-2017, which are;  Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic stability  Enhancing Competitiveness in the Private Sector  Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Sustained Natural Resource Management  Oil and Gas Development  Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlements  Human Development, Productivity and Employment  Transparent and Accountable Governance

1.1 Objective The main objective for the preparation of the plan is to put in place a plan document which, after its implementation would help create wealth, increase income level of the people, reduce poverty and improve the living standard of the people within the plan period.

1.2 Methodology The methods employed to gather the required data for the preparation of the plan document include;  Reconnaissance studies  Interface with some representatives of the people, NGOs and heads of some departments  Organization of orientation/sensitization workshops for members of the DPCU and Urban-Area Councils and Assembly members  Socio-economic survey (for primary data)  Secondary data mainly from the 2010 Population and Housing Census, Annual Reports from Departments, some periodicals and past District Development Plans

XXV

1.3 Process and participation by stakeholders The planning process began with orientation workshops for DPCU members, Assembly members Urban-Area Council members and some community members. The DPCU held series of meetings with Urban-Area Council members and some opinion members, who in turn submitted action plans to the DPCU as inputs for the plan preparation.

After the draft proposal on the analysis of the performance of the District Assembly in the implementation of the immediate elapsed DMTDP 2010-2013 and the current situation of the district, the first public hearing was organized on 15th October, 2014. The objective was to enhance participation and to ensure that inputs from the stakeholders were incorporated in the draft proposal. The second public hearing was also organized on the 18th December 2014,where the draft DMTDP was subjected to critical analysis. Suggestions from the public were again factored into the final plan document.

1.4 Organization of the plan document The document has been organized into seven (7) chapters. They include;

1.4.1 Chapter One: This chapter examines the performance of the Assembly in the implementation of the 2010-2013. It was found that, the performance of the Assembly was about 61 percent which was an improvement of the previous performance (54%). The reasons for the non-achievement of the objectives, problems encountered and lessons learnt were noted. This was followed by analysis of the profile of the district. Some critical areas that were examined under the profile include disaster, demographic characteristics, spatial analysis, district economy, major economic activities and others. The chapter concluded with a summary of community needs and aspirations and a harmonized identified key development issues. 1.4.2 Chapter Two: Development priorities for the district have been linked to the various thematic areas of the GSGDA 2014-2017. Harmonized identified development issues have been outlined under the thematic areas of the GSGDA. Under this chapter key development issues have been subjected to the development potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges of the district. 1.4.3 Chapter Three: The district development focus, goal and objectives were outlined under this chapter. Goal compatibility analysis has been conducted for the national and

XXVI district goals, and found to be both compatible. The district development prospects for 2014- 2017 for population, education, health and agriculture have also been carried out. For the purpose of the composite budgeting introduced by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, the District Assembly adopted the policy objectives and strategies of the GSGDA II. 1.4.4 Chapter Four: Development programmes and composite programmes of action for the district have been taken care of. It also looked at programmes that could jointly be implemented by the district and other nearby districts in the areas of road construction. Sustainability tools formulated for the programmes and projects have been outlined. 1.4.5 Chapter Five: Implementation arrangements for the plan have been discussed. The documents have been phased into annual action plans, beginning from 2014 up to 2017. For each annual action plan, the location of the programme/project, time frame (in quarters of a year), lead agency, collaborating agency, estimated cost of the projects, source of funding and agency for the monitoring and evaluation of the projects have been indicated. 1.4.6 Chapter Six: The chapter explains how monitoring and evaluation would be undertaken. It does not present a detailed monitoring and evaluation process as districts have been tasked to prepare a detailed Monitoring and Evaluation Plan ( 2014-2017) 1.4.7 Chapter Seven: This section of the document takes account of how to;  Get the people informed on the programmes and projects, activities and annual progress reports of the Assembly as found in the DMTDP 2014-2017.  Let the stakeholders be aware of their roles and expectations in the plan implementation in relation to the improvement in their living conditions within the plan period.  Promote dialogue and obtain feedback on the performance of the Assembly and  Promote access to and manage expectations of the public concerning service delivery of the Assembly. The concluding section of the chapter discusses the district communication strategy framework. 1.5 Conclusion For the period 2014-2017 this plan document is the development blueprint for the district. It is hoped that all stakeholders, both local and external, will offer the needed support to move the district forward so as to achieve the stated district development goal and objectives, reduce poverty and improve the living standard of the people.

XXVII

CHAPTER ONE Performance Review and District Profile of Sekyere East District 1.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the performance review and the profile of the Sekyere East District Assembly (SEDA). The chapter describes the establishment of SEDA, its Vision, Mission and Functions. It again analyze the performance review of the Assembly from 2010-2013 under the various thematic areas of Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda ( GSGDA I) and the review of the District Profile. The review also took into consideration cross-cutting issues such as HIV/AIDS. The income and expenditure statement of the Assembly were also reviewed for the period 2010-2013.The review of the performance and profile is to enable the Assembly identify the challenges during the period under review, 2010-2013 that may have implications in the 2014-2017 plan period. Lessons learnt were also documented. The chapter ends with the identification of key development issues that need to be addressed among others in 2014-2017.

1.2Performance Review

The fourth District Medium Term Development Plans (DMTDPs) 2010-2013 prepared and implemented by Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana expired on 31st December, 2013.These plans were prepared and implemented on the basis of the government policy of GhanaShared Growth and Development and Agenda (GSGDA) I. The GSGDA I had seven main thematic areas namely,  Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability,  Enhancing Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector  Accelerated Agriculture Modernization and Sustainable Natural Resource Management  Oil and Gas Development  Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlements  Human Development, Productivity and Employment  Transparent and Accountable Governance.

These thematic areas formed the bedrock upon which the DMTDPs 2010-2013 were based, prepared and implemented during the plan period.

1.3 Objectives of the Performance

The main objectives of the performance review exercise are to; a. Outline the total number of programmes/projects proposed in the plan for implementation. b. Outline the total number of programmes/projects and interventions implemented outside the plan. c. Outline the proportion of programmes/projects that were;  Fully implemented  Projects abandoned/suspended  On-going and  Not implemented d. Examine problems/issues encountered during the plan implementation. e. Outline lessons learnt for the preparation and implementation of future plans, particularly the 2014-2017 plans.

1.4 Performance of SEDA from 2010-2013

This section describes the performance of the Assembly from 2010-2013 under the various thematic areas of Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA I) on an annual basis. It looks at the indicator, the target and the level of achievement each year during the plan period as shown in table 1.1 below:

Table 1.1:Performance of the Assembly from 2010-2013

Thematic Policy Programme Indicator Target Level of Achievement Remarks Area Objective 10 11 12 13 Enhancing Development Micro and No. of enterprise 30 5 12 22 22 Target not the of micro small small scale assisted to achieved competivenes and medium Development access credit s of Ghana enterprise programme private sector No. of entrepreneurs 100 - 30 60 100 trained Target achieved No. of enterprises 30 - - - - Industrial located at village industrial village project suspended

Accelerated Improve Enhancement No. of farmers 4000 4500 9000 13,500 17959 Target Agricultural agricultural of Agricultural accessing exceeded.17 modernizatio productivity Productivity extension 959 farmers n and service accessed Sustainable extension services Natural No. of farmers Resource assisted to access credit 4000 560 1,300 1800 2,050 Target not achieved

Infrastructure Accelerate the District No. of sanitation 1 - - - - Project Energy and provision and wideSanitation Treatment Plant abandoned Human improve Improvement Settlement environmental Programme No. of landfill Development sanitation sites developed 2 Not - - - - implement No. of household/ 2300 Institutional - - - - Not Toilets implemented constructed

No. of Public 12 1 1 7 8 8 Public Toilets toilets 3

constructed completed and 3 ongoing. 4 No. Public toilets were undertaken

through PPP

No. of Refuse - - 7 7 Target not Containers 10 achieved procured Promote a Human No. of 4 - - - - Project not sustainable, settlement communities implemented spatially Improvement with planning integrated and Programme. schemes orderly development of human settlements for socio- economic development Infrastructure Create and Transportation Length of feeder 200km 65 95 95 141 Target not Energy and Sustain an Sector roads improved. achieved Human efficient Improvement Settlements transport Programme. Development system that

meets user needs No. of Provide District wide communities 20 - - 10 25 Target adequate and Electricity connected the exceeded reliable power Enhancement National Grid to meet the Programme. needs of No. of Ghanaians electricity poles and for export purchased. 200 - - 100 200 Target

exceeded

No. of communities supported to 2 - - - 5 Target expand exceeded. electricity

Communities’ No. of markets 6 - - - 1 Target not Markets constructed/reha achieved. 7 Improvement bilitated additional 4

Project lockable stores were constructed at Effiduase market

Accelerate the District Water No. of boreholes 50 - 7 7 16 Target not provision of Supply constructed achieved affordable and Improvement safe water Programme Human Increase Basic Sector No. of 21 6 8 12 12 12 No. Development equitable Education classrooms classrooms Productivity access to and Improvement constructed completed and and participation Programme. 10 ongoing Employment in education at No. of teachers

all levels. accommodation units 10 - 7 10 10 Target constructed achieved

No. of basic school pupil/student 50 15 30 45 60 Target provided with exceeded scholarship

No. of SMC’s/PTA’s 20 - - 10 20 Target re-constituted. achieved

Human Ensure Youth No. of youth 120 30 60 90 120 Target Development coordinated Development trained in achieved Production implementatio Programme employment and n of new skills Employment youth policy

No. of youth 400 45 100 150 200 Target not employed in the achieved DNYEP

No. of youth - - - - - Not supported in implemented agric related programme

Human District Health No. of Health 3 - 1 1 1 Target not Development Facility facility achieved Productivity Improvement rehabilitated Employment Programme Bridge the No. of semi- 2 - - - - Not implemented sustainable detached nurses financing quarters arrangement constructed that protect the poor Transparent Ensure Transparency No. of 5 - 2 5 8 Target and effective Enhance Community exceeded Accountable implementatio Programme. Fora Organized Governance n of the local government No. of sub-

service district offices - - - - Not provided 4 implemented

No of sub- district collecting 5 - 1 1 1 Target not revenue achieved

1.5 Programme and Project Implementation Analysis from 2010-2013

This section details out the achievement of the District Assembly as at the end of December 2013 under the respective thematic areas. It is as follows:-

Enhancing the Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector Total Number of projects planned for implementation: 9 Projects fully implemented : 7 (77.8%) Projects abandoned/suspended : 1 (11.1%) Ongoing Projects : 0 (-) Projects Not implemented : 1 (11.1%)

Accelerated Agriculture Mechanization and Sustainable Natural Resources Total number of projects planned for implementation 15 Projects fully implemented : 7 (46.6%) Projects abandoned/suspended : - (- %) Ongoing projects : 4 (26.7%)

Projects not implemented : 4 (26.7%)

Infrastructure and Human Settlement Total number of projects planned for implementation 132 Projects fully implemented : 70 (53.) Projects abandoned/suspended : 1 (0.8%) Ongoing projects : 11 (8.3 %) Projects not implemented : 50 (37.8%)

Human Development, Productivity and Employment Total number of projects planned for implementation 52 Projects fully implemented : 42 (80.8%) Projects abandoned/suspended : -(%) Ongoing projects : 1 (1.9%) Projects not implemented : 9 (17.3%)

Transparent and Accountable Governance Total number of projects planned for implementation 14 Projects fully implemented : 10 (71.4%) Projects abandoned/suspended : - (%) Ongoing projects : - (%) Projects not implemented : 4 (28.6)

Table 1.2: The Gross Performance of Assembly under 2010-2013DMDTP

Projects Enhancing Accelerated Infrastruct Human Transparence Gross Gross Implementation the Agriculture ure and Development, and Total % Status Competitive Mechanizati Human Productivity Accountable ness of on and Settlement and Governance Ghana’s Sustainable Employment Private Natural Sector Resources Fully 7 7 70 42 10 Implemented 136 61.2 Abandoned/sus 1 - - - pended 1 2 1.0 Ongoing - 4 11 1 - 16 7.2 Not 1 4 50 9 4 30.6 Implemented 68 Total 9 15 132 52 14 222 100 Source: DPCU Monitoring and Evaluation Reports

Fig 1.1 : Gross Performance of the Assembly under DMDTP 2010-2013

31%

Fully Implemented Abandoned/suspended Ongoing Not Implemented 61% 7% 1%

Fig 1.1 above shows the performance of the Assembly in respect of the five thematic areas selected under the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA). The Assembly during the period under review (2010 -2013)fully implemented 61 % of its set programmes and projects, 1% were partially implemented, 7 % were ongoing and 31 % of the set programmes and projects were not implemented.

The gross performance of the Assembly as established above indicate clearly that the Assembly on the average performed better in implementing its programmes and projects towards accomplishing its set goals and objectives. The Assembly was constrained by resources and this contributed to the Assembly inability to implement about 31 percent of the projects.

1.6 HIV/AIDS Situation in the District

During the period under review, 4,412 were screened out of which 452 were positive.

In 2013, the routine testing and counseling recorded fewer cases over the previous years. This was due to frequent shortage of test kits. A total of 696 people were screened, Out of this, 92 people were positive with 57 females and 35 males. All cases were referred for treatment at Juaben Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) Centre. The table 1.3 below summarizes the above statistics.

Table 1.3: HIV/AIDS Cases from 2010-2013

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number tested 1148 1543 1025 696

Number positive 75 104 181 92

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, August, 2014

Figure 1.2: HIV/AIDS Trends from 2010-2013

HIV/AIDS TRENDS FOR 2010-2013 200

150

100 Number positive

0 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, August, 2014

1.6.1 Statistics on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT)

During the period under review, 2667 mothers attending antenatal clinic were counseledand 1506 were tested with 24 positive and all have been referred to Juaben ART centre for care and further treatment.

Table 1.4: Statistics on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT)

2010 2011 2012 2013 Number tested 1309 1698 1958 1506 Number positive 22 44 35 24 Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.5: Numberof ANC Registrants

Indicators Number recorded

Number of ANC Registrants 2997

Number Counseled 2667

Number Tested 1506

Number positive (+ve) 24

Number referred for Care 24

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, August, 2014

1.6.2 Know your status campaign (KYS)

The district could not organized any know your status campaign because of inadequate reagents for the exercise.

1.6.3 Referrals

Effiduase District Hospital and Divine Grace Medical Centre refer their clients to Juaben District Hospital whereas Okaikrom Health Centre and Senchi Methodist Clinic refer their clients to Effiduase District Hospital where they later referred to Juaben ART Centre for further assessment and treatment.

1.6.4 Challenges in HIV/AIDS

 Inadequate number of counselors

 Inadequate funds

 Unavailability of ART Centre

 Frequent shortage of some Antiretroviral drugs

 Frequent shortage of oral quick and first response

 Stigmatization

1.6.5 Way forward for Improving HIV/AIDS

 Infants diagnosis

 Establish ART Centre

 I E & C

 Training of more counselors

 Organize more know your status campaign

 Formation of adolescent clubs in schools

As part of efforts to support People Living with HIV/AIDS, the World Vision international gave food aid to 100 of them and also paid for ART Services for three months for 50 PLWHAs.

1.7 Performance of Internally Generated Fund (IGF), 2010-2013

Despite the District’s efforts to improve revenue generation, it fell short of its targets for the four years (2010-2014). The difference between total estimated revenue and total actual collection was GHȼ 406,163.85 showing a variance of 32.4 percent.

Table 1.6: Contribution of the various items to IGF in the district 2010-2013 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Item Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Rates 76,700.00 40,298.43 77,300.00 73,059.87 77,300.00 38,829.93 92,500.00 48,781.20 323,800.00 200,969.43 Lands 49,430.00 9,081.20 16,400.00 3,286.50 16,400.00 15,174.50 19,100.00 6,565.00 101,330.00 34,107.20 Fees & fines 59,246.00 51,379.30 84,144.00 55,248.78 84,144.00 113,896.50 128,660.00 115,708.48 356,194.00 336,233.06 Licenses 20,395.00 13,304.25 27,596.00 17,211.57 27,596.00 39,719.50 56,500.00 18,368.50 132,087.00 88,603.82 Rent 464.00 264.00 464.00 135.00 64,464.00 120.00 728.00 49.00 66,120.00 568.00 Investment 18,500.00 50,082.15 60,000.20 48,682.31 60,000.20 48,082.00 136,000.00 40,539.58 274,500.40 187,386.04 Total 224,735.00 164,409.33 265,904.20 197,624.03 329,904.20 255,822.43 433,488.00 230,011.76 1,254,031.40 847,867.55 Source: Sekyere East District Assembly 2014

1.7 IGF Expenditure Performance from 2010-2013

The total IGF of GHȼ 926,620.86 between 2010-2013 was spent on recurrent and capital items (See table 1.36). Within the period (2010-2013) 34.6 percent of total IGF was spent on Administrative cost,

19.9% on capital projects, 15.4 percent on miscellaneous items with the lowest being maintenance (3.7%).

Table 1.7: IGF Expenditure (IGF) Performance from 2010-2013

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Item Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Personnel 33,740.00 30,718.44 15,631.20 63,896.60 15,631.20 28,007.02 24,660.00 22,850.54 89,662.40 145,472.60 emolument Administrative 32,100.00 21,135.83 38,700.00 15,132.72 38,700.00 37,689.95 44,200.00 25,732.89 153,700.00 99,691.39 cost Travelling and 48,764.00 62,484.00 79,764.00 61,636.22 79,764.00 101,163.63 113,480.00 95,115.78 321,772.00 320,399.63 Transport Maintenance 7,400.00 6,785.00 14,700.00 5,615.10 14,700.00 16,120.05 21,000.00 5,585.00 57,800.00 34,105.15 Miscellaneous 53,400.00 4,687.00 88,390.00 35,483.27 88,390.00 43,054.19 98,290.00 59,771.33 328,470.00 142,995.79 Capital 189,904.00 146,332.30 15,009.00 165.00 15,009.00 23,459.00 117,668.00 14,000.00 337,590.00 183,956.30 Total 365,308.00 272,142.57 252,194.20 181,928.91 252,194.20 249,493.84 419,298.00 223,055.54 1,288,994.40 926,620.86 Source: Sekyere East District Assembly 2014

1.9 Challenges that affected Revenue Mobilization within the District included:

 Poor road network making movement in the District extremely difficult. Most of the roads are unmotorable particularly during the rainy season. This affects the work of the available few revenue collectors.  Unwillingness of the Area Councils to collect the revenue ceded to them  Inability of the Assembly to upgrade the skills of revenue collectors.  Lack of logistics like motor bikes and bicycles to improve the mobility of collectors.  Lack of motivation for revenue collectors.  Revenue leakages  Management inability in addressing the problems of collectors.  Poor and ineffective tax education.  Uncooperative attitude of many community members towards revenue mobilization.  Inadequate monitoring and supervision of revenue collection activities.  Inability of the Assembly to cede some revenue items to Urban and Area councils for collection on commission basis.

1.10 Improving the Collection of IGF

Generating more revenue to meet the recurrent and development demands on the Assembly has been of paramount concern to the Assembly over the years. Strategies used to improve revenue collection include the following:

 Widening the tax net to bring in more revenue items which were not covered.

 Organizing training workshops for revenue collectors to upgrade their skills.

 Strengthening the supervision of revenue collectors by appointing hard working and committed revenue officers to supervise the revenue stations.

 Put in place monthly revenue targets for collectors and motivate those who meet target.

 Updating the revenue database of the District Assembly, which include the enumeration of the ratable population and the preparation of valuation list of all properties.

 Intensification of ratepayers education.

 Motivating hardworking supervisors and collectors.

 Involving the Area Councils and Unit Committees in revenue collection

 Formation of Revenue Task Force.

 Enforcement of Assembly’s bye-laws on tax defaulters.

 Outsourcing some revenue items particularly property rate to private firms to collect

 Intensification of the involvement of all stakeholders in fee-fixing and revenue collection

 Using IGF to put up facilities-like urinals, market sheds etc in communities with the inscription constructed with the use of IGF

1.11 Performance of Grants, 2010-2013

The District received grants from Government and other donors to undertake development programmes and projects. Grants received between 2010-2013 was GHȼ 10,576,004.94. The highest amount received by the Assembly in a single year in the form of grants since 2010 was in the year 2012 (GHȼ

3,097,060.84) whiles the lowest figure was in 2013 (GHȼ 2,294,082.65). These transfers were in the form of employee compensation, school feeding, cocoa spraying, DACF, MPs common fund, DDF etc. as shown in Table 1.6.

Even though some transfers fell short of the Assembly’s estimates others exceeded its estimates. However, overall transfers of grants fell short of the estimates of the District with a variance of GHȼ 2,979,417.53 representing 22.0%.

1.12 Challenges of Grants Receipts

 Delay/untimely release of Grants especially the DACF  Deductions at source by the DACF Secretariat leading to shortfalls in the Assembly’s share  Administrative Instructions from Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development on the use of the DACF  Overreliance on external sources of funding; and

 Irregular flow of funds from the development partners.

These challenges distort the Assembly’s approved budget and cause the delay in completion of projects and programmes and even the Assembly not implementing some approved projects and thereby affecting the development of the district.

1.13 Problems/Constraints encountered during plan implementation

The key problems and issues encountered during the implementation stage of the plan are outlined below as follows

1. Inadequate funding for the proposed projects/programmes 2. The implementation of programmes and projects which were not in the plan. 3. Deductions at source by the Ministry of Local Government/Common Fund Administrator 4. Many directives and administrative instructions from Accra 5. Ineffective supervision of projects by external consultants 6. Limited organization of site and technical meetings 7. Delays in the release of the common fund leading to delays in the completion of projects. 8. Contract agreements were not followed to the letter

9. Limited use of internally generated revenue in execution of projects. 10. Periodic review of the plan not done regularly 11. Inadequate monitoring and supervision of projects

1.14 Lessons Learnt Which Have Implications for the 2014- 2017 (DMTDP)

Lessons learnt during the implementation of the plan and which have implications

1. Funding of programmes and projects should not be limited to the DACF alone 2. The Plan Documented must be marketed and Project Proposals prepared to seek funding from other sources 3. Some projects can be done without using consultants and contractors to reduce cost 4. The Plan Document must be reviewed periodically by all stakeholders 5. Selection of projects/programmes for inclusion in the development plan must not based on intuition or emotions 6. Evaluation of programmes/projects to assess their impact must be undertaken periodically 7. Regular site and technical meetings must be undertaken during plan implementation. 8. Procurement plans and cash flow analysis must precede sub projects execution 9. Consultants must strengthen their supervisory role for the assembly to have worth for its money 10. The District Monitoring Team must be strengthened and resourced to perform its role. Monitoring of projects and programmes should be strictly adhered to from the beginning to the end of the programme.

1.15 Summary and Conclusions

A lot of programmes and projects were implemented in the district to improve upon the conditions of life of the people. Much progress was made in the education sector, where a lot of projects were executed whilst others are still on-going. There was a significant improvement in enrolment because of the programmes and projects undertaken

Even though agriculture is the mainstay of the district economy not much was done in the sector. The district could not do much in the health sector as few projects were implemented

The on-going projects and those projects which were not implemented and are still relevant will be rolled over to the 2014-2017 Medium Term Development Plan for implementation.

Inspite of the progress made there are still much more to be done in the district to reduce poverty.

1.16 Establishment, Vision, Mission and Functions of SEDA

This section of the plan details out the vision and mission statements of the District Assembly. It again describes the functions of the Assembly.

1.16.1 Establishment

The Sekyere East District Assembly was established on (1st) November 2007, by LI 1900. It was carved out of the then Sekyere East District (now Sekyere East, Sekyere Kumawu and Sekyere Afram Plains). It is one of the (30) districts in the Ashanti Region, with Effiduase as the district capital.

1.16.2 Vision Statement

To become a highly professional socio-economic service provider that creates opportunities for human resources development in partnership with other administrative authorities in the district

1.16.3 Mission Statement

The Sekyere East District Assembly exists to ensure the provision and development of basic infrastructure and services to improve the living standard of the people in the district through the formulation of policies and programmes in partnership with stakeholders

1.16.4 Functions of the Assembly

• Responsible for the overall development of the district

• Preparation of development plans and budget

• Formulate and execute plans, programmes and strategies for the effective mobilization of resources necessary for the overall development of the district;

• Promote and support productive activity and social development in the district ;

• Initiate programmes for the development of basic infrastructure

• Provide municipal works and service in the district;

• Be responsible for the development, improvement and management of human settlements and the environment in the district;

• In co-operation with appropriate national and local security agencies, be responsible for the maintenance of security and public safety in the district;

• Ensure ready access to the courts and public tribunals in the district for the promotion of justic

1.17 District Profile

This section of the plan discusses a number of issues among which include: Physical and Natural Environment Culture Settlement systems Economy of the District Food Security Governance Social Services Vulnerability analysis Information and Communication Technology( ICT) HIV/ AIDS Gender Environment, Climate Change and Green Economy Population Security Disaster Migration Baseline indicators

1.17.1 Location and Size

The district is located in the North-Eastern part of the region and lies approximately between latitude 6º45”- 7º32” North and Longitude 0º22” West. The district shares boundaries with other districts like Sekyere-Kumawu to the North-East, Sekyere South to the West-West, Asante-Akim Central Municipal to the South-East and Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Assembly to the South-West. It covers an estimated area of about 730.5sq/km with forty (43) settlements of varying sizes. Fig 1.3 shows the map of Sekyere East.

Figure 1.3 Sekyere East District Map

The district has twenty-six (26) electoral areas, an Urban Council, namely Effiduase-Asokore Urban Council and three Area Councils at Akwamu, Senchi-Nyamfa and Seniagya-Mponua. It also has one Parliamentary Constituency of Effiduase-Asokore. The location of the district in both the national and regional contexts is shown as in Figs 1.4 and 1.5 below:

Figure 1.4 Sekyere East in Regional Context

Figure 1.5 Sekyere East District in National Context

1.17.2Climate

The climatic conditions in the district conform to the general conditions that prevail within the middle belt of Ghana. Monthly mean temperature is around 26°C, although some areas record lower figures. Maximum temperatures of between 29ºC and 31ºC are recorded in March and April, whilst minimum temperatures of 21ºC and 23ºC are experienced in August.

Double maxima rainfall is experienced in a year. The major rainy season starts in April and ends in July, whilst the minor season begins in September and ends in early November. June is the wettest month of the year.

Humidity is high during the wet months of the year and low during the dry months. Relative humidity within the district averages about 80 percent.

1.17.3 Vegetation

The district has a semi deciduous forest which supports the growth of big and tall trees of different kinds such as Wawa, Sapele, Odum, Mahogany etc. Uncontrolled bush burning, particularly in the smaller settlements is fast threatening the district bio-diversity, thus putting the fertility of the soil at risk and reducing potential resources for future generations as the vegetation is fast degenerating.

1.17.4 Relief and Drainage

The relief of the district has undulating characteristics, with highest point around Ahinsan area. The rest of the district is generally low lying with an average elevation of between 100-150 meters above sea level. Rivers like Oworam, Gyemire and Subiri run through the district. The Anum river in the South- Western part of the district forms the boundary between the district and Asante Akim North District.

1.17.5Conditions of the natural environment

23 smaller settlements is fast threatening the bio-diversity, thus putting the fertility of the soil at risk and reducing potential resources for future generations as the vegetation is fast degenerating into secondary forest and derived savannah. Large scale clearing of watersheds, particularly around Nkwankwanua, Seniagya, Effiduase and Asokore is one of the major causes of dwindling rainfall and consequent effect on acute water supply, especially during the dry season. Logging in the district is another serious threat to the environment. The destruction of farm lands coupled with the removal of both larger and smaller trees around Effiduase, Ahinsan, Asokore, Ntumkumso and Nkwankwanua has also destroyed the forest eco-system. Sand winning is also extensively done in the district. The destructions caused by this activity to the environment are extensive. The district is endowed with many tourist sites. Some of these tourist sites and attractions are the Efiefi Grove at Effiduase, Bobiri Forest Reserve at Nkwankwanua, River Gyamire fish pond at Asokore and Odwira festival celebrated by the people of Effiduase.

1.17.6 Mineral Deposits

The district has some mineral (gold) deposit at Ntunkumso and its environs, Attakrom and along Anunuso river banks. Sand winning activities are also widespread in the district. Areas noted for sand- winning include Odurokrom, Okaikrom, Asokore, Senchi and Effiduase.

1.17.7 Housing Stock

The total stock of houses in the district is 9,654, of which the highest proportion is located in the rural localities (54.7%) compared with 45.3 percent in the urban localities.

The data further shows that there are 13,668 households in the district, 7,654 (56.0%) live in urban localities whiles the remaining 6,014 (44.0%) live in rural localities. The district average household per house is 1.4, this is lower than the Regional (2.0) and National (1.6) averages. The average population per house and household size in the district are 6.3 and 4.5 respectively

1.17.8 Conditions of the built environment

There are 13,668 occupied dwelling units in the district. The compound house is the most common type of dwelling unit in the Sekyere East District. Over half (63.7%) of dwelling units in the district are compound houses. The proportion of dwelling units constituting separate or detached houses was 22.7

24 percent. Huts/buildings (different compound), tent, improvised home, living quarters attached to office all constitute less than 2 percent of all dwellings. The proportion of separate detached houses is higher in rural (31.9%) than urban localities. Over two-thirds of houses in urban areas are compound houses (70.8%) compared with 54.7 percent in rural areas.

The main materials for construction of outer walls in the district are Cement blocks/Concrete (67.4%) and Mud brick/Earth (27.4) with the other materials such as wood, metal sheet/slate/asbestos, landcrete, bamboo etc. constituting 5.1 percent. Even though the distribution in the urban and rural areas is same, with Cement blocks/Concrete and Mud brick/Earth dominating, there are more Cement blocks/Concrete dwelling units in urban localities (89.2%) than in rural localities (40.7%). 51.3 percent of dwelling units in the rural areas used Mud brick/Earth for construction. The low usage of cement blocks/concrete for construction between urban and rural areas may be due to the high cost of the material.

Roofs of dwellings (Occupied and vacant) in Sekyere East District are mainly made of metal sheets (95.1%). A little more than one percent (1.1%) use bamboo whiles 0.9 percent use cement/concrete. The situation in the district conforms to the National and Regional distributions with metals sheets constituting 89.6 percent at the regional level and 71.4 percent at the national level. Though metal roofs are the most common in both rural and urban areas, the proportion is slightly higher in urban (96.0%) than in rural areas (94.0%)

The foundation of most houses in settlements like Asokore, Seniagya, Senchi, Ahinsan, Oguaa and Akuakrom have been attacked by severe erosion. This condition has been caused by constant erosion from rain and stormy water resulting from poor drainage system around houses. Constant weeding and sweeping around the houses also contribute to the removal of the top soil and the erosion that ensues.

1.17.9 Soil

The soil found in the district can be grouped according to the geological formations fromwhich they have developed. The four main geological formations are, Granitic, Birrimian,VoItaian and Alluvium rocks. These formations are subdivided into Associations.

1.17.9.1 Soils developed over Granitic Rocks

These are subdivided into two, namely; • Kumasi - Offin compound and • Bomso - Offin compound The Kumasi- Offin Compound Association is made up of six members namely; Kumasi,Asuansi, Akroso, Nta, Offin and Densu series. The Kumasi series normally occur onsummits to upper slope sites and are followed by the Asuansi, Akroso, Nta, Offin and Densuin that order. The Densu series are normally found within the valley bottoms and are verypoorly drained.

The Bomso - Offin Compound has large muscovite mica flakes and less of biotite micaflakes which is characteristic ofKumasi and Asuansi series.

Agricultural Value The Kumasi and Asuansi series are ideal for the production of tree crops such as cocoa,citrus, coffee, oil palm and food crops such as maize, plantain, cassava and cocoyam. TheAkroso series are better suited for mechanized cultivation than the Kumasi and Asuansiseries. They are also suitable for both food and cash crops. The soils however, have a lowinherent fertility, moderate water-holding capacity and slight to moderate erosion hazards.

The Offin-Densu series are only suitable for rice, vegetables and sugar cane, especially in thedry seasons under appropriate agronomic practices and fertilization. The Bomso-Offin soilsare not as fertile as the Kumasi and Asuansi and are easily prone to drought so that cocoadoes not survive on them.

1.17.9.2 Soils developed over Birrimian Rocks

These soils are mainly of the Bekwai - Oda Compound Association. They are well drained to moderately well drained up land simple association of Bekwai - Nzema, Kokofu, Akumadan and Afrancho series. They are imperfectly to very poorly drained lowland, simple association of Temang and Oda series.

Agricultural Value The upland deep to moderately deep concretionary to free soils are suitable for plantain, cocoyam, cassava, maize, legumes and vegetables. Plantation crops like oil palm, cocoa, coffee, citrus and pear also do well on these soils.

1.17.9.3 Soils developed over Voltaian Rocks

These are of eight Associations and include, Bediesi - Suatawa, Yaya - Pimpimso, Damongo - Tanoso, Ejura - Denteso, Kintampo - Techiman, Kintampo, Nyankpala – Kpelesawgu-Volta and Kowani - Kasele.

Agricultural Value The Bediesi - Suatawa is extensively used to produce wide range of crops such as maize, yam, cassava, plantain, cowpea and groundnuts. The soils of Yaya - Pimpimso are generally shallow and are therefore considered poor for agricultural production. The Damongo Tanoso soils are low to medium in fertility. The Ejura - Denteso soils are good agricultural soils suited for both hand and machine cultivation. They are used extensively for the production of maize, yams, cassava, groundnuts, tobacco, kenaf, sorghum, millet, soya beans, cowpeas etc. The Kintampo - Techiman soils are not suited for crop production. They are better utilized for rough grazing. Soils of Nyankpala - Kpelesawgyu - Volta Association are marginal soils for crop production due to their shallow depth. The Kowani - Kasele series are shallow in depth. They are also gravelly and so not suitable for cultivation. The Kintampo Association soils are found on flat-topped low-lying hills with completely bare rocky surfaces. The soils are not suitable for agriculture.

1.17.9.4Soils developed over Alluvium

These are of two main Associations. They are Denteso-Sene and Dukusen-Bramba Associations. The Denteso-Sene soils are found along streams and river valleys within the transitional zone developed from fine-grained Voltaian sandstone. These soils can be used for the production of vegetables, rice and sugarcane. The Dukusen-Bramba soils are basically of two main series. They are found within the transitional zone developed from alluvial material from Voltaian shales and mudstones. The soils are suitable for rice and sugarcane production and when drained they can be put to vegetable production.

1.17.10 Agricultural Land Use

According to the District Agriculture Directorate, the total land area of the district (730.50 sqkm) is made up of bush fallow 365.3 sq km, forest reserve 60.8 sq km, annual crops 243.5 sq km, wild reserves 12.2 sq km, tree crops 36.5 sqkm and unreserved forest 12.2 sq km. (See table 1.8)

Table 1.8: Agricultural land use in the District Land use Area (sq km) Percentage Bush Fallow and 365.3 50.0 others Forest Reserve 60.8 8.3 Annual Crops 243.5 33.3 Wild Reserve 12.2 1.7 Tree Crops 36.5 5.0 Unreserved Forest 12.2 1.7 TOTAL 730.5 100 Source: District Agricultural Development Unit, 2014

1.17.11 Impact of Human Activities

Human activities in the district have had an important impact on the environment and on the lives of the people. Bush burning has destroyed and continues to destroy a greater part of the vegetation cover and bio-diversity, particularly around Effiduase and Asokore. Thus the fertility of the soil is at risk and reducing potential resourcesfor future generation. In some cases,communities, human beings and farms get destroyedduring bush fires.

Logging in the forest areas of the district has caused destruction to farm lands. Coupled with the removal of both large and small trees the ecosystem has been destroyed in most areas and has affected the rainfall pattern in the district.

Large scale clearing of watersheds and sand winning activities have affected rainfall in thedistrict and have caused water shortage in the district. About 38% of communities thus experience acute water supply during the dry season. The extent of degradation of the environment and its effects on the land and water bodies has been remarkable. This, however, means that the current pace of human activities, especially farming must be closely monitored to prevent it from getting out of hand in future.

1.17.12Aesthetic Features and Land Management

The current aesthetic features at the important settlements like Effiduase, Asokore, Senchi and Seniagya can simply be described as bad due to the following reasons;  Gully erosion has affected most parts of the towns.  There is poor drainage system and unhealthy environment in these towns.

 Lack of permanent staff for departments such as Parks and Gardens and Town and Country Planning in the district to formulate and implement policies on aesthetic features in the communities.  Uncontrolled movement of livestock like sheep, goats and cattle destroying landscape plants.  Lack of technical know-how on landscaping issues in the communities.  Poor waste (both liquid and solid) management in the communities

The system of land tenure is predominantly the "Abusa" system, the farmer takes two-thirdsof the produce, while the land owner takes one-third. These systems do not augur well forincreased productivity as they serve as disincentive to the farmers. One possible advantageof the systems is the permanence of land holding. Settler farmers are allowed to hold theirfarms for a longer period, thus creating a situation of security and permanent settlement in the district.

1.17.13 Implications of the Physical and Natural Environment for development

The implications of the physical and natural environment for development are as follows;  The rivers and streams in the district cannot be relied upon for any meaningful irrigation agriculture due to their seasonal nature.  The bi-modal rainfall encourages the cultivation and harvesting of some crops twice in the major and minor seasons eg. Maize, vegetables  The soils in the district are generally good for agriculture.  Exploitation of the mineral deposits like sand and gravel deposits will generate employment to the unemployed youth and also improve the Assembly’s IGF  The effects of human activities on the environment are alarming, and that unwarranted destruction of the forest trees for commercial activities should be monitored closely

1.18 Culture of the people in the District

The culture of the people in the district could be seen in their way of life that distinguishes them from other people. This way of life could be seen in terms of the way they dress, the food they eat, language spoken, music and dance, art and craft, religious belief, occupation, administration and norms.

1.18.1 Language and Dressing

About 95 percent of the people in the district speak Asante-Twi. The other 5 percent of the people who are mostly migrants speak other languages besides the Asante language. Apart from the linguistic distinction, the people in the district can be identified by their dressing.For example; the use of "Kente" and other clothes is typical of the people in the district.

1.18.2 Food, Music/Dance and Games

The favorite food of most of the people in the district is "fufu". Adowa, Kete, Nnwomkoroare largely associated with the people. At funerals, festivals and other important occasions the people dance to the Adowa, Kete and Nnwomkoro. Dame and Oware games are mostly formen in the district; while ampe and antoakyire are for the girls and boys respectively.

1.18.3 Religious Affiliation

People in the district believe in the Supreme God. The district is made up of Christians,Muslims and Traditional worshipers.Table 1.9 below shows the religious affiliation of people in the District. The table indicates that Christians (76.3%) are the dominant religious group in the district made up of 6.1 percent Catholic, 20.8 percent Protestant, 24.3 percent Pentecostal/Charismatic and other Christians (25.1%). The Islamic religion constitutes 13.3 percent of the population whilst 1.2 percent of the population adheres to traditional religion. 8.6 percent adhere to no religion and relatively few people adhere toother religion not specified (0.7%). Generally, majority of females (80.0%) more than males (72.0%) are Christians. On the other hand, slightly higher proportion of males (14.5%) than females (12.2%) belongs to the Islamic religion.

Table 1.9: Population by religion and sex

Both sexes Male Female Religion Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 62,172 100.0 29,511 100.0 32,661 100.0 No Religion 5,325 8.6 3,326 11.3 1,999 6.1 Catholic 3,777 6.1 1,771 6.0 2,006 6.1 Protestant (Anglican Lutheran etc.) 12,915 20.8 5,739 19.4 7,176 22.0 Pentecostal/Charismatic 15,118 24.3 6,590 22.3 8,528 26.1 Other Christians 15,585 25.1 7,166 24.3 8,419 25.8 Islam 8,266 13.3 4,288 14.5 3,978 12.2 Traditionalist 754 1.2 415 1.4 339 1.0 Other (Specify) 432 0.7 216 0.7 216 0.7 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.18.5 Traditional Set up

Traditional Authorities command the respect of large numbers of people and communities particularly in rural areas. There is therefore the need to facilitate a permanent and institutionalized dialogue between government and chieftaincy to ensure the realization of policies. The traditional authorities in the district are dedicated to the development of their traditional areas and the education and enlightenment of their people by providing land and materials for infrastructural projects, mobilization of community for communal labour and arbitration of disputes. They also perform an essential role in support of land administration reform and the protection of the vulnerable and excluded.

They therefore offer positive contribution to the economic and social transformation of the district and must be seen as part of the decentralization process.

From the above contribution of the Traditional Authorities in the District, it can therefore be said that there is a cordial relationship between the traditional authorities and the District Assembly which implies that development projects can be implemented successfully for the District’s development

Chiefs sit on stools, so they are enstooled or destooled. Apart from a handful of migrant farmers and other settlers who observe patrilineal inheritance, the rest of the people practice matrilineal system of inheritance. There are (1) paramountcy and 1 sub-traditional council in the district. These are Asokore and Effiduase respectively. The Paramount chief is the head of the traditional area and is known as the "Omanhene".The implementation of the laws on customs, taboos and setting of moral behaviour are combined in him. Under the Omanhene are divisional chiefs. These are wing or sub-chiefs that assistthe paramount chief in the performance of his duties. These sub-chiefs are the Kontihene(chiefs deputy) Akwamuhene, Adontehene, Nifahene, Benkumhene, Kyidomhene,Gyaasehene and Sanaahene. In some cases Nsumakwaahene and Nkosuohene also exist in the traditional set-up.

1.18.5.1 Town/Village Chiefs

In the district, they are the leaders of the various clans, lineages and family (Abusuapanin). They help the Town/Village chief in performing his duties. They settle family disputes andare the custodians of family lands and properties.

1.18.5.2 The Queen Mother

This is another important office next to the chief. Her authority is mainly limited to women. She wields greater power over the chief who is her son. She nominates a candidate to occupy the stool, and is considered the mother of all the people in the traditional area.

1.18.5.3Attendants

The chief has many attendants who include, the linguist, who is the spokesman for the chief, drummers, horn blowers, umbrella carriers, sword bearers, court criers, gun bearers, executioners and others.

1.18.6 Traditional Knowledge

The traditional knowledge of the people in the district is revealed through myths, proverbs, names, sayings, arts, songs, poems and stories.

1.18.6.1 Myths, Proverbs and Names

Myths are sacred stories of the people which explain the mysteries surrounding their ceremonies, festivals, origin of things like death, creation and historical truths. Proverbs are short witty sayings which express truths and moral lessons. Names are identifiable marks of the people which humanize children. The names have meanings and appellations are attached to particular names.

Sayings and Art Sayings of the people in the district are expressions or maxims which expose much of traditional knowledge. Experienced old people come out with compositions which give expressions to what are deep within them and actually control their actions. People in the district use artistic symbols to tell a lot about their traditional knowledge. These artistic symbols are silent informants or communicators of the way of life of the people. These artistic symbols include the linguist staff, Akuaba doll and others.

Poems and Stories During ceremonies, people in the district come out with poems to tell a lot about their traditional knowledge. These poems, for example throw challenge to people to be serious in life. Through stories the people grow in the knowledge of the beliefs of their communities.

1.18.7 Attitude and Practices

Some attitudes and cultural practices in the district include these;

1.18.7.1 Libation

The people pour libation to the gods during ceremonies to appreciate the good things they have done or to pacify them for the wrong done

1.18.7.2: Beliefs in the potency of demons, witches and gods

Majority of the people in the district believe in the potency of demons, witches and gods. This belief helps in social control as the people tend to conform to the norms of society so as to avoid misfortunes or curses from these spirits.

1.18.7.3 Ancestral Worship

The belief of the people in ancestral worship is based on the fact that the ancestors are in anew world and are closer to God. They believe that the ancestors watch over the lives of the living and are the custodians of the majority. They also believe that the ancestors can bless as well as bring calamities, depending on circumstances. Chieftaincy, which portrays much of the cultural heritage of the people hinges on ancestral worship, because the chief is said to serve as a link between society and the ancestors.

1.18.7.4 Marriage Ceremony

This is performed by the people to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife. The bridegroom and his family present the bride price to the bride and her family. Marriage provides a socially acceptable means by which young ones are born to replenish the family and society.

1.18.7.5 Naming Ceremony

The people normally perform naming ceremony on the 8th day after the delivery of the baby in order to welcome the newly born baby into the world. The name identifies the baby and gives him/her a sense of belonging.

1.18.7.6 Funerals

Funerals are common ceremonies among the people in the district. They are usually organized on Thursdays and Saturdays in connection with the earthly departure of a person as a way of bidding him/her their farewell.

1.18.7.7 Moral and Social Values

Moral and Social Values are upheld by the people in the district. These values include godliness, respect, hospitality, service, gratitude, loyalty, tolerance, freedom and responsibilities, truth, integrity, honesty, dedication, patriotism and others.

1.18.7.8 Good Manners

One gets, particularly the young ones, to know how to conduct oneself as the one learns to greet people, help the aged, go on errands for older people, not being quarrelsome or abusive and appreciating cleanliness. As a result, juvenile immorality is severely punished.

1.118.8 Participation

The peoples’ participation in all the activities relating to their beliefs and cultural heritage has been on a positive note. Participation in activities like naming, marriage, burial, funerals, festivals and others is considered as a social responsibility that should not be frowned upon.

1.18.9 Positive Cultural Practices Necessary to Promote Development in the district

The district has great cultural and historical heritage in terms of festivals that can be developed for both domestic and international tourism to help promote development. A prominent tourist attraction among such festivals is Odwira Festival in Effiduase. During this Festival people from all walks of life in Ghana and outside the country troop to Effiduase to witness the famous Odwira Festival.

1.18.10 Ethnic Conflicts and Chieftaincy Disputes likely to hamper development

There have been pockets of chieftaincy disputes at Asokore and Effiduase. These protracted chieftaincy disputes have hampered development in these two major towns. Currently however, everything seems to be normal.

1.18.11 Implications for development

 The people in the district have rich culture that can be tapped to enhance development of the district.  The Traditional Authorities (the chiefs and the elders) should be brought on board in the development agenda of the Assembly.

 The high level of participation of the people in local traditional activities like festivals can be used as advantage by the traditional authorities to organize annual durbar where funds can be raised for the development of the district. The festival serves as a home-coming event for the citizens living outside their communities to contribute towards the development of their towns.

1.19 Demographic Characteristics

The demographic characteristic of any administrative locality such as the Sekyere East District is essential for its effective management and economic development in terms of policy formulation and development planning. Hence, this section analyzes information on population size and distribution, age-sex structure, migration, fertility and mortality.

1.19.1 Population Size and Distribution

The 2010 population and housing census shows that, the population of the district was 62,172 made up of 47.5 percent males and 52.5 percent females with a sex ratio of 90.4 males per 100 females which is lower than the Regional and National ratios of 94.0 and 95.2 respectively. The district’s population constitutes1.3 percent of the regional population. More than half of the population (54.1 percent) is located in the urban localities with 45.9 percent in the rural areas. This is shown in table 1.10 below

Table 1.10: Population by age, sex and type of locality Sex Type of Locality Both Sexes Male Female Sex ratio Urban Rural

62,172 29,511 32,661 90.4 33,620 28,552 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

Using an inter-censual growth rate of 2.7% the current projected population of the district is69,263.

1.19.2Age-Dependency

The age-dependency ratio is often used as an indicator of the economic burden the productive portion of a population must carry. The age-dependency ratio is the ratio of people in the “dependent” ages (those under age 15 and ages 65and older) per every 100 people of those in the “economically productive” ages (15 to 64 years) in a population.

The Sekyere East District has an age-dependency ratio of 86.2 which is higher than the Regional ratio of 72.5. In terms of sexes there is no much difference in the figures as males recorded a ratio of 93.3 and females 80.3. Among localities (urban & rural) the difference is great as the urban areas have an age-dependency ratio of 75.0 which is less than the district ratio while in the rural areas the ratio is 101.5. The high dependency ratio in the rural areas may be due to a number of economically active population migrating to the urban areas in search of jobs.

1.19.3 Age-Sex Structure

Figure 1.6 gives a graphical representation of age-sex structure in Sekyere East District. The figure has a broad base which narrows as the population ages. The figure also indicates that at a younger age of 0- 4 to 10-14 the population decreases. However, after the age group10-14 the population begins to reduce rapidly up to age groups 45-49 and 50-54 when it looks stable. From age groups 55-59 to 60-64 the population starts to reduce gradually. In between age groups 60-64 and 70-74 there is sharp reduction in the population and at age group 75-79 the reduction is slow to the end. The level of reduction in the population is greater among the males than the females and this may be due to migration and death related issues. This calls for further research to find out the cause of the high attrition rate among the male population in the district. Table 1.11: Age Structure Age Group Number of People Percent 0-19 31,986 51.5 20-59 25,320 40.7 60+ 4,866 7.8 TOTAL 62,172 100 Source: 2010 Population and Housing Census About 51 percent of the district population is below 20 years whilst only 7.8 percent are above 60 years.The district has a youthful population as depicted by the population pyramid below. 36

Figure 1.6: Population Pyramid of Sekyere East

85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 Age 45-49 40-44 Male 35-39 Female 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Population Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

1.19.4 Fertility, Mortality and Migration

The level of migration, fertility and mortality of an area, determines the population growth rate of the area. This section looks at fertility, mortality and migration in the Sekyere East District as per the 2010 Population Census.

1.19.4.1 Fertility

Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring it refers to the number of live births women have. Total fertility rate, general fertility rate and crude birth rate are measures used to determine the rate at which births occur within a given population at a given period of time.

The Table 1.12 indicates that 5.4 percent (lowest in the region) of the deaths recorded in the Sekyere East District were as a result of accidents, violence, homicide or suicide with the remaining 94.6 percent being other causes. Whiles at the Regional level, 11.9 percent of deaths were as a result of accidents, violence, homicide or suicide.

Table 1.12: Total Population, Deaths in households, Crude Death Rate and Causes of Death by District, Ashanti Region Crude death Death due to rate (per Accident/viole Total Deaths in 1000) nce/homicide/ All other District population Households suicide causes All Districts 4,780,380 27,948 5.85 11.9 88.1 Sekyere East 62,172 466 7.50 5.4 94.6 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

Figure 1.7 reveals the rate of death among the various age groups within the Sekyere East District as per the 2010 PHC data. The figure depicts that death rate among children (under age 5 years) is high with that of the females (8.9) being slightly higher than the males (8.2). At age cohort 25-29 the death rate among males (1.5) and females (1.5) are the same, there after the male death rate starts to rise and intensifies with increase in age whiles that of the female experiences occasional decreases at ages 35- 39, 45-49 and 60-64. The district experiences a higher male death rate than female from age 45 upward and this is an indication of low life expectancy among males compared to females. Additionally the difference in death rates for males and females from age 45 and above is greater than the lower age group Figure 1.7: Age specific death rates

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0 Male

20.0 Female Deathper population1000 10.0

0.0

Age groups

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

1.19.4.2 Migration

According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census 9,921 of the migrants enumerated were born elsewhere in the Ashanti Region and more than a quarter (30.7%) which is the highest have been residing in the district for 1-4years followed by 18.6 percent who have been residing in the district for 10-19 years. Among those born elsewhere in another region majority were born in Brong Ahafo (1,101) and Eastern (1,042) Regions and most of them have resided in the district for 1-4years constituting 34.2% and 28.8% respectively.

As a predominantly farming area, the district is a net receiver of migrants. Annually, a large number of people from the Brong Ahafo and Northern Regions of the country migrate to the district, particularly to the smaller settlements of the district to do farming. These migrant farmers constitute a large proportion of the population. Again, improvement in the road and transport sector which allows for easy accessibility from Kumasi into towns like Effiduase and Asokore and others has compelled people who, hitherto were living in Kumasi to migrate to these towns andcommute from there to Kumasi for business transactions, thus leading to rapid urbanization in the district.

1.19.5 Implications for development

 Because of the high growth rate (2.7%) there is the urgent need for the intensification of educational programmes on family planning in order to reduce the high growth rate.  The large proportion ( 92.2%) of the population in the 0 - 59 years is an indication of a large potential labour force for the district if given the needed training  The large pool of youth in the population calls for the provision of socio-economic facilities and services to train the people and to reduce pressure on existing facilities  With the youth migrating to the urban areas particularly Kumasi, Accra and Effiduase in search of jobs, farming is left to the ageing farmers.

1.20 Spatial Analysis

At the national level, the colonial spatial structure has not changed significantly. It is characterized by polarization without equity and distribution of services is skewed and urban biased. It is the replica in the district where the rural areas are greatly depressed with weak linkages between service centers and their hinterlands. Towns therefore do not fulfill their roles as engines of growth and providers of

39 services to the hinterlands or villages. Analysis of settlements system and spatial linkages was made to provide an understanding of the district’s space economy and an insight into the adequacy of the functions performed by the various settlements. It would also help us to establish the hierarchy of settlements as well as their distribution in space which would provide basis for injecting equity and efficiency into the space economy.

1.20.1 Population Distribution by Settlements

The district has a total of about 43 settlements. By demographic definition, there are about three towns in the district with population of more than 5000, which can be classified as urban. These are Effiduase the district capital, Asokore and Seniagya. The skewness in the distribution of population in favour of the urban centers has an adverse effect on the provision of social, economic and technical infrastructure which normally need a required threshold population to justify its provision. From the analysis, 56% of the district population lives in the urban areas and about 44% live in the rural areas. This indicates that large proportion of the district population live in the rural areas where poverty, deprivation, illiteracy and other social vices are more pronounced. The population distribution of the settlements is shown on the map below.

Figure 1.8: Spatial Distribution of Population

1.20.2 Location and Distribution of Services

An important issue in dealing with spatial organization is the distribution of services. This together with conditions of communication and transportation system and social factors determine the access the people have to basic services. The analysis of the service distribution was made or undertaken using the scalogram method/technique. This is the matrix presentation of the functional structure of settlements. This technique enables the determination of hierarchy of settlements in the districts and hence the nature of spatial integration. About 39 services were considered in the analysis covering all the sectors of the district economy, transport and communication, security, public administration, education, health, agriculture etc. The type of services and their distribution in the major 20 settlements in the district are shown in the table 1.13 below.

1.20.3 Hierarchy of Settlements in Terms of Functions

From the scalogram analysis, the variety and level of services in each of the settlements was determined. Based upon these, the settlements have been ranked in a hierarchical order. The analysis revealed a weak linkage between population distribution and service distribution and skewness in the distribution of service to the detriment of the rural areas. Seniagya the 3rd highest populated settlement, ranked (third) third in service distribution has only 12 out of the 39 services considered. In terms of spatial equity, it was revealed that the services centers are concentrated in the eastern part of the district where towns like district capital Effiduase, Asokore, Seniagya and Nkwankwanua are found

The district as a whole is deficient in service facilities. Apart from Effiduase which is the district capital and Asokore with total centrality of 3239 and 1007 respectively, the rest of the settlements inadequately have certain services. This reveals that the variety, level of quantity and distribution of services in the district are not satisfactory. To objectively determine the level of deficiency in service distribution in the district, accessibility analysis was made using the accessibility analysis techniques.

Table 1.13 Scalogram before Plan (2014)

S.H.S Tech/Vocational J.H.S Primary Pre Hospital Centre/cliHealth CHPS Pipe bore Mechanized Borehole Hand Hand Tank Septic KVIP VIP Electricity Dept Agric Extension Agric Admn District Qtrs Head Police Station Police Station Fire Magistrate Court Telephone Post Office 2 Road Feeder Bank Bank Comm. Bank Rural Council Urban Council Area Borehole Hospital Centre Health Tribunal Dist. offxn No. Total Cent Total Level Hierarchy

Population Population

Class Road Class

school

BorneWater

dugwell (P) dugwell

2014 --

dug well dug

Public

Score

Weight (w) 4 3 2 4 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 33 Effiduase 21,722 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 28 2793.4 1 st Asokore 10,158 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 8 219.4 2 Seniagya 5,575 x x x x x x x x x 9 16 5.5 3d Nkwankwa 3,192 x x x x x x x x x 9 17 nua 0.7 Ntunkumso 3,015 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 14 44 2.3 Senchi 2,862 x x x x x x x 7 98. 4 5 Okakrom 2,663 x x x x x 5 48. 3 Akokoaso 1,735 x x x x x x x x x 9 18 4d 0.2 Ahinsan 1,722 x x x x x 5 48. 4 3 rd Brofoyedru 1,238 x x x x x x 6 57. 4 Naama 1,207 x x x x x x 6 74. 1 Attakrom 1,182 x x x x x x x x x x x x 12 33 4 0.1 Akuakrom 1,111 x x x x x x x x x x 10 23 7.4 Awaham 1,052 x x x x x 5 48. 4 3 Odurokrom 998 x x x x x x 6 73. 3 Oguaa 912 x x x x x 5 48. 3 Ahwerewa 751 x x x x x x x 7 19 4d 3.3 Apemso 732 x x x x x 5 48. 4 3

Bomso 717 x x x x x x x 7 11 5.2 4d Nsutam 660 x x x x x x 6 10 6.1 No. of 5 20 20 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 12 11 1 1 1 3 20 2 1 4 3 7 4 10 1 1 1 4 8 12 3 1 1 Settl’ts Centrality 10 100 100 10 100 100 100 10 100 100 100 10 100 100 10 10 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 10 Index (100) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Weighted WxCI 80 15 10 40 300 40 100 200 50 8.3 9.1 100 100 33. 5 50 100 25 33.3 42.8 50 10 300 100 200 25 25 8.3 66.6 Cent Score N 0 100 200 3 100 100

Table 1.14: Level of Hierarchy

Level Range of No. of Major Total Characteristics / Key Centrality Communities Communities Population Functions

1st Order 3,000 and above 1 Effiduase 21,722 Administrative Commercial, Educational, Social

2nd 1,000 and above 1 Asokore 10,158 Commercial, Social Educational Order

3rd Order 300 and above 1 Seniagya 5,575 Social Agricultural

4th Order Below 100 40 Ntumkumso, 32,029 Agricultural Senchi,, Okaikrom etc

Source: Field Survey, August, 2014

1.20.4 Transportation and Post Telecommunication

The major road in Sekyere East District is the road that links Effiduase to Kumasi and Kumawu.. There are a number of feeder roads, which also link the towns and villages to Effiduase. The Kumasi-Effiduase road is the only first class road in the district. The extent of road development in the district is not satisfactory in terms of average road length, quality and distribution. Other roads in the district are from Effiduase to Tetekaaso , Effiduase to Asokore-Naama, Effiduase- Asokore-Nkwankwanua. Although most of the feeder roads are motorable in the dry season, they deteriorate and become unmotorable during the rainy season. Transport services in the district remain costly and poorly integrated. The main means of transport and other transactions in the district is road network. The total length of roads in the district is estimated at 277 km. About 85 percent of this length of road network is classified as feeder roads. There are only three (3) trunk roads in the district. They are the 15 km Ejisu - Effiduase road, the 25 km Asokore - Anunso road and the 8km Effiduase - Oyoko - Nsuta road.

Communities in the. Afram Plains section lack access roads. The communities are therefore inaccessible and distressed. The major vehicles found in the district are lorries, motor-bicycle,

45 tractors and bicycles. Few lorries use the village road because of their poor condition. On Sundays, traffic volume on the main and village roads is high because of the weekly market at Effiduase. Most of the vehicles that use the village roads are old and often hardly roadworthy. Some of the problems found in this sector were;

 The on-street parking due to the absence of parking spaces along the roads  Absence of road signs – this makes driving difficult in the district which consequently leads to accidents on the roads.  The development of pot-holes gullies etc on the roads. This makes driving uncomfortable for both drivers and passengers; this problem has rendered most of the vehicles which ply on the road old and weak. The conditions of the roads and their lengths are shown in Table 1.18.

Table 1.15: Road Network and Road Conditions

LENGTH Length Length Length Earth Earth Earth Gravel Gravel Gravel Bitumen Bitumen Bitumen ROAD NAME: KM Earth gravel Bitumen Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor

Effiduase - Motokrodua 19.00 8.50 8.00 2.50 1.50 3.00 4.00 6.40 1.00 0.60 2.50 Feyiase Jnc. - Ntumkunso 3.80 3.80 3.80 Bimma No.2 - Akokoaso 3.50 1.50 2.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 Senchi - Akuakrom 3.50 0.90 2.60 0.50 0.40 1.00 1.60 Nsutem Jnc. - Nsutem 0.60 0.60 0.60 Attakrom (Okaikrom) Jnc. - 3.50 3.50 1.40 2.10 Attakrom Ahinsan Jnc(Asokore Jnc) - 7.80 5.00 2.80 3.50 1.50 0.60 2.20 Ahinsan Brofeyedu - Memnam Jnc. 4.50 4.00 0.50 3.60 0.40 0.50 Motokrodua - Tetekaaso 4.50 4.50 2.00 25.00 Seniagya - Oguaa Jnc. 0.60 0.60 0.30 0.30 Senchi - Putoum 1.40 1.40 1.40 Senchi - Wioso 19.00 9.00 10.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 Effiduase Town Roads 35.80 32.30 3.50 3.30 18.00 11.00 Asokore Town Roads 18.50 15.00 3.50 2.00 8.00 5.00 3.50

Effiduase - Asamang 5.00 3.50 1.50 1.00 2.50

Asokore - Senchi 7.50 7.50 7.00 0.50

Senchi - Nkwankwanua 8.00 3.80 4.20 1.00 2.00 0.80 1.20 2.00 1.00 Source: Compiled from field data (2014)

In the small farming communities, footpaths are the only links between the villages or farms and head porterage, tractors and bicycles and used.The survey made or conducted in the district and the district assembly priorities in this sector has been:

 To improve road network and condition in the district  To promote efficient spatial interaction in terms of convenience, efficiency and economy and  To provide road signs for efficient and safe driving Facilities for post and telecommunications are limited in the district. The district has a post office and telephone exchange at Effiduase which links the district to other parts of the country. There are two postal agencies at Effiduase which serves the neighbouring communities. All the 43 communities in the district in one way or the other can access one or all the following mobile networks:  MTN  Vodafone  Tigo  Airtel  Glo-Ghana

1.20.5Accessibility to Services in the Sekyere East District Having identified the level and variety of services and facilities in the district (using the scalogram analysis) a further analysis was made to determine the accessibility of these services and facilities in the district to the people. Accessibility defines the ease with which an individual can move from an origin to a destination to enjoy a service and return.

The concept is based on time spent in getting to enjoy a service. This time is a function of the distance to be covered to reach the location of service and the means of transport. All things being equal, the further the location of the service centers, the less accessible that service is to the people. Where there are improved means of transport, people can cover distances easily and enjoy services with a reasonable time limit. The basic assumption underlying the accessibility analysis is that travelling to enjoy a service is affected by the conditions of communications channels used, time taken and distance covered.

In Sekyere East district, roads (first, second and third class) and footpaths, the main modes of transport, were considered. In all, five services were considered having in mind their relative importance in providing basic services to the people in the district. These are health services, banking, senior secondary school, and weekly market and police services.

The communities are linked by types of roads and footpaths. Currently, the total length of road is 277 km, of which 85 percent (235.5 km) are classified as feeder roads. The over concentration of roads and other facilities at Effiduase and Asokore attract population and investment into the district.Economic and social development can be measured in terms of the ease at which one can move from one destination to another and enjoy a facility or facilities and come back. This is measured by the time one can use to travel (waiting time and traveling time). In the district,some locations are more accessible than others in terms of access to health, markets and postalservices. Theacceptable travel time is the maximum time one has to travel to enjoy aparticular facility for access to be considered adequate. (See tables 1.14 and 1.15)

Table 1.16 Average Speed/Waiting Time Road Class/Walk Speed Waiting Time Trunk Road 60 km/hr 10 minutes Feeder Road 40 km/hr 30 minutes Tractors Trails 20 km/hr 12 hrs Walk 3 km/hr - Source: District Poverty Profiling and Mapping (Revised), 2014

Table 1.17 Acceptable Travel Time to Access Selected Facilities and Services Facility/Service Acceptable Travel Time SSS/Vocational School 40 minutes Hospital/Health Centre 30 minutes Weekly Market 40 minutes Banks 40 minutes Agricultural Extension 30 minutes Source: District Poverty Profiling and Mapping, 2014

The range within which people can access the various facilities/services in a good (stipulated) time using the forms of transport (types of road) available to them has also been indicated (see table 1.15).

Table 1.18 Facilities and Maximum Distances within Adequate Accessibility Facility/Service Walking Distance Tractor Trail Feeder Road Trunk (km) Distance (km) Distance (km) Distance (km) SHS/Vocational School 2 1 18 34 Hospital/Health Centre 1.5 0.75 13.5 25.5 Weekly Market 2 1 18 34 Banks 2 1 13.5 34 Agricultural Extension 1.5 0.75 25.5 Source: District Poverty Profiling and Mapping, 2014

The table 1.16 for example, shows that in the district only those within 2 km radius from the location of a second cycle school can reach there in 40 minutes. Those traveling on thefeeder roads who can reach the Senior High School (SHS) and/or Vocational institutionswithin the same stipulated time of 40 minutes are only those within a distance of 18 km from the location. This is due to the condition of the roads and the frequency of transport on the roads. It may be interesting to know that someone on a tractor trail would prefer walking to taking a vehicle due to the effect of long waiting time for vehicles. It is also indicated that few number of towns in the district can access all the services.

The Surface Accessibility in the District can be described as poor. The poor connection of the road network – linking remote areas, greatly affects the production and distribution of goods and services in the district. The incidence of post-harvest losses is attributed to this major problem.

1.20.5.1Accessibility to Health Facilities

Accessibility to health facilities in the district is skewed towards the urban and semi-urban towns with a few community and missionary clinics established in the rural and remote areas.There are ten (10) health facilities in the district made as shown in table 1.17 below:

Table 1.19:Health facilities in the District No Name of facility Status Location 1 Effiduasi District Hospital Government Effiduase 2 Ahmadyia Hospital Mission Asokore 3 Okaikrom Health Centre Government Okaikrom 4 Senchi Methodist Clinic CHAG (Methodist) Senchi 5 Ahwerewa CHPS Government Ahwerewa 6 St. Luke’s Health Centre CHAG(catholic) Seniagya 7 Akokoaso Health Centre Government Akokoaso 8 Akuakrom Health Centre Government Akuakrom 9 Divine medical health centre Private Effiduase 10 Capital Clinic Private Effiduase Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, August, 2014

The spatial distribution of health facilities in the district is shown in figure 1.10 below. Five (5) out of the ten ( 10) health facilities in the district are located in the three urban communities of Asokore, Effiduase and Seniagya. Communities in the Afram Plain section of the district find it difficult to access health facilities because of the poor road condition.

Figure 1.9Spatial Distribution of Health Facilities

1.20.5.2 Agricultural Extension Services

The important role that Agricultural Extension Officers play in the dissemination of information to farmers and the promotion of innovative ways of agricultural production cannot be over emphasized. The introduction of new breeds of animals to farmers, for increased production, extension services to improve crop yield and technical advice offered to these farmers have contributed to increases in crop and food production.The diversification of the culture from the mono-crop farming to non-traditional crops such as vegetables which have ready market is geared towards improving farmers income and soil fertility. All these have been possible as a result of the help of these extension services. However, the district has low extension service capacity of extension in terms of staff and logistics. There is therefore the need to increase the staff strength and adequate logistical support provided to enhance extension services delivery in the district. Figure 1.11 shows Agriculture Extension Zones

Figure 1.10: Sekyere East District Agriculture Extension Zones

1.20.5.3 Banking Services

Banking and non banking financial services are available in the District. Major Banks in the District are Ghana Commercial Bank and Rural Banks such asAsokore Rural Bank and Kumawuman Rural Bank.. These banks offer financial assistance to farmers,workers and businessmen in the District.These banks offer credits to their customers and handle Government Payrolls. There are non-banking services which cover associations such as ‘Susu’ collectors. Their activities are mostly in the market places, self-employed and the informal sector. Other non- banking financial institution in the district is the Audit Service. The District does not have Social Security and National Insurance Trust and Internal Revenue and VAT Services. Such services are provided by the institutions in Mampong and Kumasi

1.20.5.4 District Police Service

The security in the District is of prime importance as the peaceful atmosphere created promotes congenial atmosphere for people to go about their duties without any threat and fear. There are currently three Police Stations in the District located at Effiduase, Asokore and Seniagya..

Surface accessibility of the police service has also improved in the district and crime rate has reduced drastically due to the vigilance of the police service.

1.20.5.5:Production and Marketing Centres

Mainly, agricultural activities are undertaken in the rural areas where the soils are conducive for food and cash crops production. Major cash crops such as cocoa, oil palm and vegetables such as cabbage, egg plants and tomatoes are cultivated. Figure 1.11 shows spatial distribution of productioncentres

Figure 1.11: Spatial Distribution of production centres

The district has a host of daily markets of varying sizes. Virtually, every settlement has a market in one form or the other, with few having facilities for displaying and selling of wares. The two main daily markets are at Effiduase and Asokore. These markets also double as weekly markets, where traders within and outside the district meet to transact business. Even though there are host of markets in the district, these markets do not have improved facilities. The Asokore 40-Unit Lockable Stores, which was started in 2006 has been abandoned. There is the need for the Assembly to complete the project and also improve the market structures in communities like Seniiagya, Okaikrom, Senchi, Nkwankwanua etc.

Figure 1.12: Spatial Distribution of Market Centres

1.20.5.6:Accessibility to Education

The socio-economic development of any people is largely effected by their educational system and the facilities available. The Sekyere East District has a number of educational facilities concentrated around the central part of the district to the disadvantage of the surrounding villages. The district has 62 pre-schools, 62 Primary Schools and 44 Junior High Schools. At the secondary level, the district has four (4) Senior High Schools, Effiduasi Senior High/Commercial, Asokore T.I. Ahmadiyya Girls Senior High, Hamdaniyya Senior High and Krobea Asante Technical/Vocational.

Figure 1.13: Spatial distribution of Educational Facilities

1.20.5.7:Spatial Distribution ofWater Supply

The supply of potable water in the district is inadequate, and the district has a low water coverage of 50.1 percent. Spatial distribution of water facilities is shown in Fig 14 below

Figure 1.14: Spatial Distribution of Water Facilities

1.20.5.8: Spatial Distribution of Electric Power

About 98 percent of the settlements in the district have access to electric power from the national grid. The main towns are Effiduase, Asokore, Oguaa, Seniagya, Okaikrom, Senchi and Ntumkumso. Fig 1.15 showssettlements connected to the national electricity grid’

Figure 1.15: Spatial Distribution Settlements withElectricity

1.20.5.9: Spatial Distribution of Toilet Facilities

Figure 1.16: Spatial Distribution of Sanitary Facilities

1.20.5.10: Commodity Flows

The district is endowed with abundant natural resources, especially fertile soil for theproduction of a variety of crops like cocoa, maize, oil palm, vegetables, rice, plantain andothers. The major economic activities identified in the district are crop farming and agro-processing (palm-oil, palm-kernel and gari).

Cocoa production is dominant in all the settlements. Largequantities of palm oil and palm kernel oil are also extracted at Effiduase, Asokore and Oguaa, while Ntumkumso, Nkwankwanua and Seniagya are noted for the production of vegetables (tomatoes,cabbage, onion and others).

Market surveys were undertaken to determine the extent of natural interaction between the market centers and their surrounding areas. It was also done to determine the trading position of the district that is the nature of exchange between the district and the rest of the country. A survey involving sellers and buyers were conducted in the major market centers; Effiduase. The goods traded in were classified under agricultural and manufactured goods It was realized that these markets functioned as retailing of agricultural produce mainly plantain, cocoyam, yam, and cassava among others which are mainly produced within the district and manufactured goods clothing, hardware cosmetics which come in mainly from outside the district. The analysis was taken in two parts namely exogenous flows and endogenous flows.

1.20.5.10.1:Exogenous Flows

Exogenous flows refer to the exchange of goods between the district and the rest of the country. That is goods moving beyond the borders of the district. Goods entering the district from other parts of the country are considered (imports), exogenous inflows and those leaving the district to outside destinations were considered exogenous outflows (exports). The main trading partners are Kumasi, Agona, Kumawu, Mampong, Ejisu etc.

1.20.5.10.2:Endogenous Flows

This refers to the internal exchange of goods between settlements in the district. These were also analyzed under agricultural goods and manufactured goods. The analysis is to help determine the areas of intensive interaction in the district which will serve as input in the derivation of the functional region

1.20.5.11:Manifestation of Levels and Locations of the Poor and Functional Regions

The revised District Poverty Profiling and Mapping, has indicated that poverty manifests itself in a greater proportion of the district. Based on some criteria used, two main poverty pockets were identified. The criteria used to carve out the two main pockets of poverty included:  Access to facilities and services  Major economic activities  Potentials available as well as constraints  Other peculiar characteristics like cultural practices, homogeneity/heterogeneity of areas and others. The two main pockets of poverty included:

Pocket 1: This region forms part of the south-western portion of the district, covering Daakoho, Seniagya and other neighbourhoods. Key Poverty Problems include:  Large family sizes  High illiteracy rate  Low patronage of produce  Unemployment  High birth rate  Fair access to facilities The area enjoys fair access to facilities and services.

Pocket 2: The region is located in the south-western part of the district covering Effiduase, Asokore, Nsutam and other towns. Key Poverty Problems  Unemployment  Large family sizes  High illiteracy rate  Social vices

 High birth rate The region has access to all the facilities and services.

1.20.5.16:Poverty Profiling/Mapping and Pro-Poor Programming

In 2004 the Assembly prepared a Poverty Profiling and Mapping document for the district. This document has been revised. The document provided an invaluable insight into how poverty manifests itself among the different socio-economic groups in the district and how poverty is spatially distributed in the district. Views of stakeholders collected on poverty, its manifestations, causes, constraints and potentials when analyzed helped the Assembly to come out with various district specific pro-poor interventions.

The study revealed that poverty in the district manifests itself when:  There are low income levels.  There is malnourishment.  There are unhygienic environment.  There is deprivation of education and others. It was also shown that poverty in the district is caused by large family sizes, lack of employment and employable skills, lack of credit facilities, ready market for produce and others.

The study showed that there is uneven distribution of population and facilities in the district. The south - eastern portion is densely populated and has most of the facilities, whilst the south- western and central parts of the district are sparsely populated and deprived of most facilities. And certain areas that need to be developed (development notes) to open up the district in order to reduce poverty have been identified. (See table 1.20)

Table 1.20 Development Nodes and Interventions Composite Community Interventions Poverty Pocket

 Improved road condition Pocket 1 Seniagya and Ahinsan  Provision of electric energy  Provide accommodation for teachers

 Intensification of family planning education Pocket 2 Effiduase and Asokore  Educating the youth on social vices

Source: Sekyere East District Poverty Profiling and Mapping, 2014

1.20.5.12: Summary of Outcome of Community Level Stakeholders Dialogue

1.20.5.12.1: Dimensions and Manifestations/Indicators of Poverty

 Poor households are unable to send their children to school and have low educational status.  Poor households are unable to access health services and have poor health status.  The poor are characterized by under employment or unemployment. Have no stable employment.  The poor do not have employable skills and lack access to wage employment.  The poor do not access to institutional credit.  Poor communities/households do not have access to adequate social infrastructure like health facilities, water, sanitation and schools.  They have low access to economic infrastructure like roads markets, electricity.  Live in poor housing conditions.  There is presence of hunger and poor nutrition among poor households.  Poor households are characterized by poor clothing.  The poor do not have access to adequate productive assets like land.  The poor have little or no support from friends or relatives.  The poor is characterized by food insecurity.  The poor do peasant farming.

1.20.5.12.2: Causes of Poverty in the District

 Lack of access to institutional credit.  Lack of education and training in employable skills.  Low productivity and production.  Unsuccessful farming and other businesses.  High rate of post-harvest losses.  Unrealistic market prices for farm produce and high cost of farm inputs.

 Large family sizes.  Presences of diseases and physical disabilities.  Lack of socio-economic infrastructure like good roads, markets health facilities, schools and good drinking water.  Bad life styles like polygamy, womanizing, laziness and unnecessary expenditures.

1.20.5.12.3:Current Coping Mechanisms of the Poor

 Livestock rearing – sheep, goats, pigs and poultry.  Petty trading.  Mixed cropping.  Dependence on relatives – receiving remittances from relatives.  Borrowing from friends.  Working as farm laborers.  Engaging in illegal activities like illegal felling of trees.  Engaging in “Nnoboa”.  Child labour.  Non-farm ventures, e.g charcoal production.  Credit from middlemen (and pay in kind) especially with farmers, whilst traders are on suppliers credit.

1.20.5.12.4:Future Coping Mechanisms of the Poor

 Increased access to institutional credit for farmers and small-scale industrialist.  Fixing of prices of other crops as done for cocoa.  Training in employable skills.  Improved market prices for farm produce.  Increased access to small-scale irrigation and storage facilities.  Increased access to markets better roads and electricity.  Increased participation of communities in poverty reduction measures.  Increased access to family planning.  Subsidized farm inputs.  Formation of co-operatives for assistance.  Improved lifestyles and reduced marriages.

 Going into non-farm ventures, bee keeping, fish farming.  Growing other crops like cashew and sunflower.  Improved school and health infrastructure.  Increased access to extension services. Increased access to economic services and employment opportunities

1.20.5.17:Expected Distribution of Services for 2014 - 2017

By 2017, it is expected that settlements like Ahinsan and Senchi as an Area Council headquarters Motokroduawould enjoy other facilities like teachers quarters, improved toilet facilities, market and CHPS Compounds. Other settlements which hitherto have few or no facilities would also be provided with some facilities or expansion in facilities through the support of the District Development Facility and other interventions.

1.20.5.18: Implications for Development

 Bye-laws and regulations on development control in the district should be enforced.  The Assembly in collaboration with the traditional authorities should ensure that all the important settlements - Effiduase, Asokore, Seniagya, Senchi, Nkwankwanua and others have proper base maps and layouts to control spatial development.  The road networks from Asokore to Naama to Ahensan on one side and from Asokore to Nkwankwanua through both Oguaa and Seniagya on the other should be given attention. Also the road network from Effiduase through Ntumkumso to Motokrodua-Tetekaso should attract serious attention. .

1.20.5.13:Nature of Physical Development and Problems of Town Planning/DevelopmentControl

Spatial planning in the district can be described as poor and uncoordinated. Effiduase and Asokore have old / existing layouts which are not only outmoded (especially Effiduase) due to socio-economic changes in the area but also cover relatively smaller portions or suburbs without any approved layouts. Nsutam and Ntumkumso have draft layouts which have to be finalized for approval by the planning committee. Growing settlements including Seniagya, Senchi and Okaikrom have no layouts to steer their growth and development.

The district has experienced an upsurge in the proliferation of unauthorized uncontrolled/ haphazard/uncoordinated development especially in all the growing settlements including Effiduase/Asokore, which are of great concern to the District Assembly and the general public. Most of the buildings are sited at inappropriate locations such as waterways, public right of space, e.g. sanitary areas, road reservations and utility service line as well as reservations, neighborhood open spaces, school sites with their concomitant environmental hazards and nuisance to the residents in the area. Some of the few authorized buildings are not built according to specifications in compliance with the approved plans by the District Assembly, thereby exposing the residents to threats of loss of life and property. By Act 462, section 49(1) no physical development shall be carried out in the district without prior approval by the Assembly. However, developers build without the requisite development and building permits. This is denying the district assembly huge sums of money as internally generated fund.

Table 1.21: Development Control Challenges and mitigation measures Challenges Mitigation Measures The Assembly to liaise with the traditional Lack of accurate and up to date-base maps to authorities/land owners to prepare base maps facilitate the preparation of planning schemes using competent surveyors. Inadequate office accommodation for all The Assembly to provide adequate office categories of staff (Technical/Planners) accommodation for all categories of staff Inadequate staffing-only one District Physical Request to Head Office of the department to Planning Officer has oversight responsibilities recruit staff especially Professional Planners for the district (2) to man the office The Assembly to provide the office with Inadequate financial / logistical support adequate support (Financial/Logistics) Intensification of public education on land use Poor public knowledge about land use Planning/Management by the Physical Planning/Management Planning Department

1.20.5.14: The Space Economy

There are five service centres in the district, which perform economic, political and social functions to themselves and the peripheral communities. Unfortunately, the core and peripheral communities are not integrated. The core centres cannot adequately serve themselves let alone support the peripheries. The peripheries cannot support the core with the necessary raw materials due to problems of inadequate road lengths, poor road conditions and network.The service centres are not interrelated to support each other. The economic sectors- agriculture, manufacturing,transportation and service sectors are not integrated. The economic and social conditions ofEffiduase and Asokore are relatively better than the rest of the servicecentres. In terms of public resource investment, Effiduase and Asokore have received their lion share. Attention has always been paid to these two locations to the neglect of theother communities in the district.

1.20.5.15: Linkage with other Districts

The district shares boundaries with five districts; however, it is linked economically, socially and spatially with only three of the districts. -Ejisu – Juaben, Sekyere South and Sekyere Kumawu. The district has a strong economic andtrade relationship with these three districts. This is evident by commodities that flow among the districts. Residents within eachofthe three districts commute from one district to the other.

In terms of social activities residents in each district enjoy facilities and services like health,education, social centres and others from other districts. Spatially, the road linking the Ejisu – Juaben and Sekyere Kumawu to Sekyere East is in good condition, whilst the one from Sekyere South to Sekyere East is very bad condition.

1.20.6:District Economy

The strategy to improve production and generate gainful employment is based on creating an enabling environment to stimulate private sector activities. This will involve improvement of the capacity of the private sector to adopt an entrepreneurial approach to increase productivity and generate employment. The Private Sector competitiveness considered under the GSGDA II seeks to promote output under the sector of the economy (Agriculture, Industry and Service) and promote employment.

The economic characteristics of a district are an essential indicator of the level of economic development of the area and people’s involvement in economic activities. This section examines economic activity status, occupation, industry, employment status and employment sector for persons age 15 years and older.

1.20.6.1:Economic Activity Status

Figure 1.17 provides information on the activity status of persons 15 years and older in the Sekyere East District. The Figure indicates that a total of 36,962 are persons age 15 years and older, of which 68.1 percent are economically active and 31.9 percent economically not active. Out of the economically active persons 94.0 percent are employed and 6.0 percent unemployed

Figure 1.17: Activity status of persons 25 years and older

25,000 23,665

20,000

15,000 11,774

10,000 Number Number personsof 5,000 1,523

0 Employed Unemployed Economically not active

Activity status

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. The economically not active persons engaged in full time education (51.0%) with 22.4 percent doing home duties (household chores). The rest are pensioners (2.8%), disable/sick (5.4%), too old/young (11.2%) and 7.3 percent other not specified. Slightly higher proportion of males (68.3%) are economically active than females (68.0%). On the other hand, there is slightly higher proportion of economically not active females (32.0%) than males (31.7%). 94.8 percent of males are employed compared to 93.3 percent females.

1.20.6.2 Occupation

Occupation refers to the type of work a person is engaged in at the establishment where he or she works. Table 1.22 provides information on the major occupation of the employed persons 15 years and older in the district. The table indicates that the main occupations of most employed people in the district are in skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery (42.3%), service and sales (22.0%), and craft and related trade work (14.0%) with the least in clerical support work (1.6%).

From the Table there is a high dominance of males (8.9%) in professional occupation than females (4.9%). The service and sales occupation recorded 32.4 percent for females against 9.5 percent of the males. However a slightly higher proportion of males (43.5%) are engage in skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery than females (41.4%).

Table 1.22: Employed population 15 years and older by occupation and sex

Both sexes Male Female Occupation Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 23,665 100.0 10,753 100.0 12,912 100.0 Managers 435 1.8 223 2.1 212 1.6 Professionals 1,585 6.7 958 8.9 627 4.9 Technicians and associate professionals 386 1.6 254 2.4 132 1.0 Clerical support workers 310 1.3 173 1.6 137 1.1 Service and sales workers 5,212 22.0 1,024 9.5 4,188 32.4 Skilled agricultural forestry and fishery workers 10,021 42.3 4,675 43.5 5,346 41.4 Craft and related trades workers 3,322 14.0 2,039 19.0 1,283 9.9 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 969 4.1 947 8.8 22 0.2 Elementary occupations 1,425 6.0 460 4.3 965 7.5 Other occupations 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.20.7:Industry

Table 1.23 shows the major industries by sex of employed persons 15 years and older in the Sekyere East District. From the Table majority of the population (43.0%) are employed in the agricultural forestry and fishing industry with slightly higher proportion of men (45.2%) than women (41.2%).

The Table reveals that 18.1 percent of the population is engaged in commerce. This industry employed almost a quarter of the female population (24.1%) which is more than double

theproportion of males (11.0%) employed. The service sector employs 30 percent of the working population.

Table 1.23: Employed population 15 years and older by Industry and Sex

Industry Both Sexes Male Female No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 10,182 43.0 4,859 45.2 5,323 41.2 Manufacturing 2,096 8.9 853 7.9 1,243 9.6 Commerce 4,291 18.1 1,179 11.0 3,112 24.1 Service 7,096 30.0 3,862 16.3 3,234 13.7 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

Figure 1.18 Employed Population 15 years and older by Industry

7,096 10,182

Agriculture Manufacturing Commerce Service

4,291 2,096

1.20.7.1: Households in Agriculture and not in Agriculture An agricultural household according to the 2010 PHC is one that engages generally in agricultural activities or is said to be an agricultural household if at least one of its members engages in agricultural production even if not earning from agricultural activity alone.

This section provides a description of household members and heads of households engaged in agricultural activities. These include crop farming, tree growing, livestock rearing and fish farming. Excluded from this discussion are those engaged in hunting and other, non- farming agricultural activities.

Households in Agriculture

Figure1.19 shows the distribution of agricultural households in the Sekyere East District by type of locality. Out of 13,668 households enumerated, 6,686 were engaged in agricultural activities in the district representing 48.9 percent. This is higher than the Regional and National figures of 36.6 percent and 45.8 percent respectively.

Figure 1.19 Percentage of households engaged in Agriculture by locality

16,000 13,668 14,000

12,000

10,000 Total Households 7,654 Households engaged 8,000 6,686 in agriculture 6,014 6,000 4,243

Number Number householdsof 4,000 2,443 2,000

0 Both Urban Rural Locality

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census Similar to the situation at the National and Regional level, the distribution of households in agriculture in urban and rural areas of the District shows that greater proportion (70.6%) of households in rural localities are engaged in agriculture than urban localities (31.9%). This phenomenon could be attributed to the availability of vast arable land and the lack of alternative economic activities in rural localities of the district as compared with the urban localities.

Table1.24 : Type of Farming Activities

Both Sexes Male Female Type of Farming Activities Total Total % Total % Total Households 13,668 100.0 7,654 100.0 6,014 100.0 Households engaged in agriculture 6,686 48.9 2,443 31.9 4,243 70.6 Crop Farming 6,079 90.9 2,212 90.5 3,867 91.1 Tree Planting 62 0.9 30 1.2 32 0.8 Livestock Rearing 2,339 35.0 571 23.4 1,768 41.7 Fish Farming 4 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.0 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

Figure1.20: Type of Farming Activities

27% 0%

Crop Farming 1% Tree Planting Livestock Rearing Fish Farming

72%

1.20.7.2 Types of Farming Activities

The highest proportion of farming households are engaged in crop farming (90.9%), while about a third (35.0%) are into livestock rearing. Only 0.9 percent and 0.1 percent of farming households are engaged in tree growing and fish farming respectively. (Table 1.24)

The distribution of the types of farming activities in urban and rural localities of the district shows that a little higher proportion of farming households in rural (91.1%) than in urban localities (90.5%) are engaged in crop farming. A greater proportion of farming households in rural localities (41.7%) are engaged in livestock rearing than in urban areas (23.4%).

The 2010 census data shows that the total number of livestock reared in the Sekyere East district is 62,832. There are 3,670 keepers in the district with an average of 17 animals per keeper. The most common livestock raised in the district is chicken (39,865) with 1,415 keepers and an average of 28 birds per keeper followed by goat 12,092 with 1,280 keepers and an average of 9 animals per keeper. The least number of livestock in the district is snail (12) with 2 keepers and an average of 6 snails per keeper. (Table 1.25)

Table 1.25: Distribution of livestock and keepers

Average Number Number of keepers Animal of per Animals Keeper All livestock 62,832 3,670 17 Beehives 29 6 5 Cattle 915 46 20 Chicken 39,865 1,415 28 Dove 25 2 13 Duck 861 81 11 Goat 12,092 1,280 9 Grass-cutter 49 7 7 Guinea fowl 311 23 14 Ostrich 68 4 17 Pig 1,387 61 23 Rabbit 312 30 10 Sheep 5,566 683 8 Silk worm 80 5 16 Snail 12 2 6 Turkey 95 11 9 Fish farming 1,032 6 206 Other 133 8 17

Source : 2010 Population and Housing Census

1.20.7.3 Agriculture Extension Capacity

For the agricultural sector to grow and increase production levels and productivity levels, the farmer must get easy access to extension services which will make known to him or her modern technologies to be used in farming to increase yield which will further lead to an increase in the standard of living. Difficulty in getting access to extension services means, the continuous practice/use of crude methods of farming, disease and pest control. Easy access of the farmer to extension services make him abreast with modern farming technologies. There is therefore the need for the farmer to get easy access to extension services. The table 1.26 below shows the agriculture extension capacity in Sekyere East District.

Table 1.26: Agriculture Extension Capacity

Indicator Average Minimum Maximum Overall (zone) (zone) (zone) District Number of AEAs required 32 8.0 8 8 per Zone Number of AEAs at post 8 2.0 1 3

% AEAs at post compared 25.0% 25.0% 12.5% 37.5% to required Number of female AEAs at 3 0.8 0 2 post % of female AEAs at post compared to total AEAs at 37.5% 37.5% 0.0% 100.0% post Number of running 5 1.3 1 2 motorbikes per Zone Ratio of running 0.625 0.7 0.5 1 motorbike/AEA at post Source: MOFA. August, 2014

Low extension –farmer ratio has put a lot of pressure on the AEAs and they could not cover entire operational area. The district needs more extension officers to cover the whole district.Mobility of extension staff is very vital to extension delivery and so extension staff should be made mobile through the provision of motor bike and early payment of T&T.

1.20.7.4:Access to Food Outlets

There are two major markets in the district at Asokore and Effiduase with almost all the other communities having smaller market centres/ food outlets. Two New market centres have been established in Ahotokrom a suburb of Effiduase resulting in an increase in the number of market centres. Almost all the 38 communities within the district have access to food oulets except Bimma and Awaham.This is because these communities are smaller and mostly subsistent farmers thus they purchase other food items from nearby bigger communities.Farmers are able to market their farm produce and access other food items from these outlets. The number of food outlets are shown in table below. In 2010, there were 34 food outlets and increased to 36 in 2011 and 2012 and further increased to 38 in 2013

Table 1.27: Availability and Access to Food Outlets

2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of district food markets (daily 34 36 36 38 to weekly) all year round Source: MOFA, 2014

1.20.7.5:Agriculture Input Outlet Four input outlets are situated in Effiduase, that is crop input outlet and a livestock input outlet with Ahwerewa having one crop input outlet.

Since most of the input outlets are situated in Effiduase, the capital of the district, farmers in other communities have to travel 3km averagely to purchase agro chemicals.

Table 1.28:Agricultural Input Outlet Distribution

Year Number of registered input Number of permanent input outlets dealers and sale points Crop Livestock Fisheries input input input 2010 3 2 1 0 2011 4 3 1 0 2012 4 3 1 0 2013 4 3 1 0 Source: MOFA, April, 2014

1.29.7.6 Major Crop Performance

The area under cultivation for the various food crops in the district have increased especially, rice.There are a lot of lowland areas thus most farmers are going into valley bottom rice production.Farmers have been introduced to improved varieties of cassava and yam through Root and Tuber Improvement Project (RTIMP). This has resulted in the increase in yield of cassava in the district.

Table 1.29 Major Crop Performance 2010-2011

Commodity Cultivated area (ha) Yield (MT/ha) Production (MT) Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual - 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 1,050.0 2.5 1.4 Maize 1,079.0 2,625.0 1,467.4

Rice (milled) 0.0 0.0

960.0 48.2 19.3 Cassava 1,023.0 46,272.0 19,764.4 270.0 10.3 9.9 Yam 280.0 2,781.0 2,766.4

Cocoyam 0.0 0.0

Plantain 0.0 0.0

Millet 0.0 0.0

Sorghum 0.0 0.0

Soybean 0.0 0.0

Groundnut 0.0 0.0

Cowpea 0.0 0.0 Source: MOFA, April

Table 1.30: Major crop performance from 2012-2013

Commodity Cultivated area (ha) Yield (MT/ha) Production (MT) Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual - Annual – 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 Maize 2,900.0 29,800.0 1.4 1.3 4,060.0 38,740.0

Rice (milled) 101.0 126.0 2.7 2.7 272.7 342.7

Cassava 11,806.0 11,900.0 19.3 20.1 227,855.8 239,190.0

Yam 1,086.0 1,011.0 14.5 14.0 15,747.0 14,154.0

Cocoyam 7,858.0 8,089.0 6.4 6.3 50,291.2 50,960.7

Plantain 1,858.0 1,926.0 12.2 12.3 22,667.6 23,689.8

Groundnut 86.0 76.0 1.1 1.0 94.6 76.0

Cowpea 92.0 91.0 0.5 0.6 46.0 50.1 Source: MOFA, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.7.7: Value of Crop Production

The value of crop production is given in tables 1.31 and 1.32 below.

Table 1.31 : Value of Crop Production Commodity Total Crop Unit Value of Total Value of % Change Production Production Production (GH¢) in Value of (MT) (GH¢/MT) Production Annual Annual Annual - Annual Annual - Annual - - 2010 - 2011 2010 - 2011 2010 2011 Maize 2,625 1,467 500 800 1,312,500 1,173,952 -10.6% Rice (milled) 0 0 600 550 0 0 #DIV/0! Cassava 46,272 19,764 132 0 6,101,802 0 -100.0% Yam 2,781 2,766 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! Cocoyam 0 0 791 824 0 0 #DIV/0! Plantain 0 0 455 636 0 0 #DIV/0! Millet 0 0 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! Sorghum 0 0 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! 0 #VALUE! Soybean 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! Groundnut 0 0 1,951 1,463 0 0 #DIV/0! Cowpea 0 0 1,101 917 0 0 #DIV/0! Source: MOFA, Effiduase, April, 2014

Table 1.32: Value of Crop Production Commodity Total Crop Production Unit Value of Production Total Value of Production (MT) (GH¢/MT) (GH¢) Annual - Annual - Annual - 2012 Annual - Annual - Annual - 2013 2012 2013 2013 2012 Maize 4,060 38,740 650 600 2,639,000 23,244,000 Rice (milled) 273 343 650 850 177,255 291,312 Cassava 227,856 239,190 198 0 45,070,378 0 Yam 15,747 14,154 0 0 0 0 Cocoyam 50,291 50,961 769 769 38,685,538 39,200,538 Plantain 22,668 23,690 909 909 20,606,909 21,536,182 Millet 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 Soybean 0 0 0 0 Groundnut 95 76 1,524 1,098 144,207 83,415 Cowpea 46 50 0 0 0 0 Source: MOFA, Effiduase, April, 2014

1.20.7.8:Post-Harvest Losses

The agricultural sector in the district is confronted with a number of problems, including post- harvest losses. Post-harvest losses in the district are mainly caused by poor transportationnetwork and lack of storage facilities. The percentage in post-harvest losses for major crops continues to increase steadily forsome crops because of higher productivity and lack of storage facilities.However, cocoa and plantain maintain almost the same percentage due to ready market for cocoaand the prompt and various use of plantain in the local market. Inadequate storagefacilities and poor post-harvest management strategies cause the increasing level of post- harvestlosses. (See table 1.33) The resultant effect is that thefarmers are heavily affected in terms of revenue loss.

Table1.33: Percentage of Post-Harvest Losses for Major Crop in the district Year Crop 2010 2011 2012 2013 Maize 30 31 32 22 Cassava 5 6 6 4 Plantain 1 1 1 1

Citrus 10 10 11 12 Oil palm 2 2 2 2 Yam 1 1 2 2 Cocoa 1 1 1 1 Rice 10 15 15 15 Groundnut 2 3 3 3 Source: District Agriculture Development Unit, SEDA, 2014

The results obtained from the post-harvest loss assessment indicate that, farmers lose about 10- 30% of their produce during post-harvest. Because of this finding the district organized training programmes for farmers on how best they could safely store or process their farm produce. The results from the administration of technology adoption forms to farmers also showed that, farmers have taken keen interest in what AEA's taught them and they are practicing technologies demonstrated to them. About 85% of farmers have adopted technologies taught them

1.20.7.9:Key Development Problems in the Agricultural Sector

In spite of the contribution of agriculture to the district economy it is beset with the following problems:  Impoverished soils leading to increased use of fertilizers

 Over-dependence on rain-fed agriculture

 Low capacity of extension services

 High postharvest losses

 Inadequate access to farm inputs

 Misapplication of agro-chemicals

 Inadequate access to micro-credit schemes for farmers

 Default in payment of loans

Agriculture in the district can perform better than the current performance if the problems identified are immediately addressed. Measures or interventions that would be put in place to address these problems will include the following:

 . To improve the fertility of the soil farmers will be trained on improved methods of farming

 To reduce over dependence on rain fed agriculture, farmers will be supported to have access to irrigation facilities like small-pumping machines to help them undertake all year round agriculture..

 The number of Extension Officers would be increased and resourced with logistics to enable them perform efficiently and effectively.

 Farmers would be trained in postharvest technologies and facilitated to have access to postharvest infrastructure like storage barns, maize cribs etc

When these interventions are implemented agriculture productivity and production would be enhanced.

1.20.8:Commerce

Commerce is another economic activity in the district. It employs about 18.1percent of the total working population in the district. The tradersdeal in a wide range of goods, including both imported and made-in-Ghana goods, secondhand clothes and footwear.

1.20.9:Manufacturing Manufacturing provides employment to about 8.9 percent of the working population in the district. In spite of the abundance of agricultural raw materials, the district cannot boast of any majorprocessing industry. Few cottage industries such as palm oil, palm kernel oil extraction, soapmaking, pottery and weaving exist in some communities. At Asokore, the women haveformed a co-operative society where they use an extraction machine procured to extract palmoil and palm kernel oil. There exist also cassava processing plant at Asokore jointly owned by the Assembly and the Asokore Traditional Council.

1.20.10:Services

The service sector in the district also provides employment to 30.0 percent of the total working population. There are over four hotels operating in the district. The most popular one is the Nyarko-Sefa Hotel located along the Effiduase - Oyoko road. Traditional caterers,

87 andrestaurants, drinking bars and communication centres as well as petrol dumps also abound inthe district. In terms of postal services, Effiduase and Asokore have accessto post offices. Also telephone services are available at Effiduaseand Asokore. Ghana Telecom (GT) provides cellular mobile phoneservice in the district.

Financial services are provided by three banks namely, Asokore and Kumawu Rural Banks and Ghana Commercial Bank. These banks have agencies located at Effiduase. Othereconomic activities undertaken by the people are tailoring, dress-making, hairdressing etc

1.20.11:Local Trade Associations in the District

There are ten(10) Local Trade Associations that are linked to the Business Advisory Centre. Services that the Executives render to their members include:

 Techniques to improve product/service quality

 Training in new products/services/styles

 Sourcing/sharing of bulk raw materials

 Negotiating with Internal Revenue Service ( IRS) reasonable level of income tax

 Negotiating with District Assembly for reasonable of artisanal fees

 Negotiating for ( bank) financial assistance for members

The Local Trade Associations in the District and their membership are indicated in table below

Table 1.34: Local Trade Associations and Membership

Name of Trade Association Total Membership Male Female Oil Palm Processors Association 50 2 48 Refrigeration Repairs Association 8 8 - Effiduase Plumbers Association 17 17 - Shoe Makers Association 12 12 - Tailors and Dressmakers Association 66 14 52 Food Crop-Processors Association 15 11 4 Effiduase Carpenters Association 30 30 - Plumbing Association 14 14 1 Hairdressing Association 21 - 21 Effiduase Mason Association 5 5 - Source: Business Advisory Centre, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.12:Key Development Problems in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors

Key development issues of the manufacturing and service sectors include the following:

 Inadequate financial assistance. This is major setback to their operations

 Inadequate processing machines/lack of precision tools, appropriate equipment and industrial machinery

 Small size of the processing structure//plants( Oil Palm Processors)

 Unfavourable location of the plant( ( Oil Palm Processors)

 District Assembly not awarding contracts to the associations

 Low patronage of product/services

 Excessive taxation by the district assembly

In order to enhance the efficiency of these sectors the following intervention would be put in place by the District Assembly and its development partners:

 In collaboration with other development partners link the entrepreneurs to financial institutions to enable them access credit, which could be used to procure precision tools and other machinery

 In respect of the location of the shops the assembly is developing an Industrial Village that would accommodate small scale businesses

 The District Assembly will continue to involve the associations in the fee-fixing resolution so that a reasonable and acceptable level of artisanal fee will be paid.

1.20.13 Business Advisory Centre (BAC)

Since its inception in the district in 1997, the BAC was charged with the responsibility to offer training, advisory services and business support to existing and potential entrepreneurs. In addition it was to identify the developmental needs of the district and to transfer appropriate and viable technologies to enhance the establishment and growth of small-scale enterprises (SSES).The client base of the BAC from 2010-2013 is shown in the table below:

Table1.35: Client-Base of BAC from 2010-2013

Year No. of Individual Males Females Clients 2010 564 300 264 2011 550 260 290 2012 487 290 195 2013 560 300 260 Source: Business Advisory Centre, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.14:Employment Status

Table 1.35 depicts the employment status by sex of employed persons 15 years and older. The Table shows that, 64.0 percent of employed persons are self-employed without employee(s) and 16.9 percent are employees while 8.2 percent are contributing family workers and 5.7 percent are self-employed with employee(s).

The Table further indicates that, majority (69.7%) of employed persons are self-employed (with or without employee(s)) which shows the level to which many people within the district prefer to set-up and manage their own enterprises and the need for the district to put heads together to formulate policies and programmes to promote the growth and expansion of these businesses.

Table 1.36: Employed population 15 years and older by employment status and sex

Both sexes Male Female Employment Status Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 23,665 100.0 10,753 100.0 12,912 100.0 Employee 4,004 16.9 2,656 24.7 1,348 10.4 Self-employed without employee(s) 15,152 64.0 6,097 56.7 9,055 70.1 Self-employed with employee(s) 1,355 5.7 733 6.8 622 4.8 Casual worker 343 1.4 250 2.3 93 0.7 Contributing family worker 1,941 8.2 647 6.0 1,294 10.0 Apprentice 756 3.2 323 3.0 433 3.4 Domestic employee (Househelp) 88 0.4 33 0.3 55 0.4 Other 26 0.1 14 0.1 12 0.1 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

Figure 1.21: Employment Status

88 Employee 756 26 4,004 343 Self-employed without employee(s) 1,355 1,941 Self-employed with employee(s) Casual worker

Contributing family worker Apprentice 15,152 Domestic employee (House help)

Figure 1.21 shows the employment status of males and females in the Sekyere East District. The Figure indicates that higher proportions of females (70.1%) are self-employed without employee(s) than males (56.7%). Also, approximately, a quarter (24.7%) of the males is employees as compared to 10.4 percent of females.

Figure: 1.22 Employment status of persons25 years and older by sex

80 70.1 70 60 56.7 50 40

30 24.7 Percentage 20 10.4 10 Male 10 6.84.8 6 3.4 2.3 3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 Female 0

Employment status Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.20.15:Employment Sector

Figure 1.23 shows the employment sector to which the employed persons 15 years and older belong to by sex. From the Figure, 87.1 percent of the employed population belongs to the private informal sector followed by 9.0 percent in the public sector with the least in the Semi- Public/Parastatal sector (0.1%).

Figure: 1.23 Employment sector of persons 25 years and older

NGOs (Local and Public Semi- International), 0.5(Government), 9.0 Public/Parastatal, 0.1 Private Formal, 3.4

Private Informal, 87.1

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. 82.2 percent of the employed males as 91.1 percent of employed females belong to the private informal sector (Table 1.36). A higher proportion of males (12.0%) are in the public (Government) sector as compared to 6.6 percent of the females.

Table 1.37: Employed population 15 years and older by employment sector and sex Both sexes Male Female Employment Sector Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 23,665 100.0 10,753 100.0 12,912 100.0 Public (Government) 2,135 9.0 1,286 12.0 849 6.6 Private Formal 795 3.4 523 4.9 272 2.1 Private Informal 20,601 87.1 8,835 82.2 11,766 91.1 Semi-Public/Parastatal 21 0.1 16 0.1 5 0.0 NGOs (Local and International) 113 0.5 93 0.9 20 0.2 Other International Organisations 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.20.16: KeyDevelopment Problems of Unemployment and Under -employment

 Non-availability of job opportunities;  Lack of employable skills  Farming/agriculture being unattractive to the youth; and  Inadequate vocational and technical institutions in the District

To solve the problem of unemployment and underemployment, the under listed interventions would be put in place by the District Assembly and its development partners. These interventions would include:  Providing skill training for the unemployed youth and linking them to financial institutions to access start-up capital  Supporting the youth in apprenticeship training.

1.20.17: Implications to Development

 Poverty reduction, Particularly among farmer groups  Higher productivity  Employment creation  Improved marketing approach through FBO linkages

1.20.18: Revenue and Expenditure Status of the District

Government grants and internally generated fund (IGF) are the major sources of income to the Assembly. The internally generated fund is made up of rates, land, fees and fines,licenses, rents, investment and miscellaneous. The contribution of both government grantsand IGF over the period is shown in table 1.32

Table 1.38: Proportion (%) of major sources of revenue to the District Assembly

YEAR 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL ITEM I.G.F 6 7 8 9 7 Grants 94 93 92 91 93 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 Source: Sekyere East District Assembly, 2014

Grants have been the major source of revenue to the Assembly since 2010. Grants constitute 93 percent of total revenue of the Assembly from 2010 to 2013. However, the contribution of Grant to total revenue has reduced from 94 percent in 2010 to 91 percent in 2013. The implication is that without government grants the Assembly cannot undertake major development activities in the district.The bar graph (figure 1.24) shows the proportion of each source of revenue to the Assembly.

Figure 1.24: Proportion of various sources of revenue to the Assembly

100 80 60 I.G.F 40

Percentage Grants 20 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL years

Source: Sekyere East District Assembly, 2014

1.20.18.1: Internally Generated Fund (IGF), 2010-2013

Internally generated fund obtained between 2010- 2013 amounted to GHȼ847,867.55. The highest IGF collected within the period was in the year 2012 when total IGF was GHȼ 255,822.43 whiles 2010 recorded the lowest figure of GHȼ164,409.33. Fees and fines contributed the highest (GHȼ 336,233.06) to total IGF followed by Rates (GHȼ 200,969.43), Investment (GHȼ187,386.04), Licenses (GHȼ 88,603.82), Lands (GHȼ34,107.20) with Rent (GHȼ568.00) being the least contributor to IGF. (See table 1.33).Despite the District’s efforts to improve revenue generation, it fell short of its targets for the four years (2010-2014). The difference between total estimated revenue and total actual collection was GHȼ 406,163.85 showing a variance of 32.4 percent. (see table 1.5, p.14)

1.20.18.2: Grants, 2010-2013

The District received grants from Government and other donors to undertake development programmes and projects. Grants received between 2010-2013 were GHȼ 10,576,004.94. The highest amount received by the Assembly in a single year in the form of grants since 2010 was in the year 2012 (GHȼ 3,097,060.84) whiles the lowest figure was in 2013 (GHȼ 2,294,082.65). These transfers were in the form of employee compensation, school feeding, cocoa spraying, DACF, MPs common fund, DDF etc. as shown in Table 1:38.

Table 1.39: Contribution of the various items to Grants in the district 2010-2013 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Item Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Compensation 464,029.00 153,760.27 490,042.44 567,853.06 490,042.44 1,507,278.09 676,345.68 1,086,956.85 2,120,459.56 3,315,848.27 School feeding 253,908.00 347,671.36 347,671.36 189,707.30 347,671.36 525,942.32 953,160.00 627,585.96 1,902,410.72 1,690,906.94 Cocoa Spraying 80,000.00 196,037.88 80,000.00 155,533.22 80,000.00 131,727.18 80,000.00 78,152.00 320,000.00 561,450.28 HIPC 30,000.00 117,515.68 30,000.00 54,117.90 30,000.00 65,030.26 30,000.00 6,700.00 120,000.00 243,363.84 CBRDP 100,000.00 57,367.63 100,000.00 15,045.65 100,000.00 - - - 300,000.00 72,413.28 DDF 550,546.69 556,046.69 556,046.69 300,353.30 556,046.69 430,392.72 569,962.00 55,020.86 2,232,602.07 1,041,460.27

Child Labour - - 7,000.00 3,894.07 7,000.00 - - - 14,000.00 3,894.07 MSHAP - - 5,500.00 2,260.00 5,500.00 - - - 11,000.00 2,260.00

DACF 1,200,000.00 1,081,257.76 1,950,000.00 1,254,808.85 1,950,000.00 389,291.62 819,112.00 426,611.98 5,919,112.00 3,151,970.21 MPs 129,500.00 38,637.20 129,500.00 92,993.63 129,500.00 47,398.65 227,338.12 13,055.00 615,838.12 192,084.48 Total 2,807,983.69 2,548,294.47 3,695,760.49 2,636,566.98 3,695,760.49 3,097,060.84 3,355,917.80 2,294,082.65 13,555,422.47 10,576,004.94

1.20.18.3: Expenditure (IGF) The total IGF of GHȼ 926,620.86 between 2010-2013 was spent on recurrent and capital items (See table 1.36). Within the period (2010-2013) 34.6 percent of total IGF was spent on Administrative cost, 19.9% on capital projects, 15.4 percent on miscellaneous items with the lowest being maintenance (3.7%).

Table 1.40:Expenditure (IGF) Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Item Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Personnel emolument 33,740.00 30,718.44 15,631.20 63,896.60 15,631.20 28,007.02 24,660.00 22,850.54 89,662.40 145,472.60 Administrative cost 32,100.00 21,135.83 38,700.00 15,132.72 38,700.00 37,689.95 44,200.00 25,732.89 153,700.00 99,691.39 Travelling and 48,764.00 62,484.00 79,764.00 61,636.22 79,764.00 101,163.63 113,480.00 95,115.78 321,772.00 320,399.63 Transport Maintenance 7,400.00 6,785.00 14,700.00 5,615.10 14,700.00 16,120.05 21,000.00 5,585.00 57,800.00 34,105.15 Miscellaneous 53,400.00 4,687.00 88,390.00 35,483.27 88,390.00 43,054.19 98,290.00 59,771.33 328,470.00 142,995.79 Capital 189,904.00 146,332.30 15,009.00 165.00 15,009.00 23,459.00 117,668.00 14,000.00 337,590.00 183,956.30 Total 365,308.00 272,142.57 252,194.20 181,928.91 252,194.20 249,493.84 419,298.00 223,055.54 1,288,994.40 926,620.86

1.20.18.4:Expenditure (Grants)

Out of the total grant of GH¢ 10,576,004.94 received by the Assembly between 2010 and 2013, a total of GH¢ 10,080,704.63 was spent on compensation, programmes and projects under

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 TOTAL Item Compensation 153,760.27 567,853.06 1,507,278.09 1,086,956.85 3,315,848.27 Health 408,445.00 320,554.00 165,000.00 107,000.00 1,000,999.00 Electricity 127,917 164,085.84 39,500.00 17,000.00 348,502.84 Education 687,255.50 622,426.74 681,721.00 670,848.00 2,662,251.24 Administration 125,559.91 157,513.00 178,190.50 85,000.00 546,263.41 Economic 142,000.00 54,000.00 18,000.00 26,000.00 240,000.00 Roads 146,638.95 163,359.00 65,415.00 86,000.00 461,412.95 Sanitation 315,541.00 208,529.00 361,382.31 116,806.15 1,002,258.46 Water 172,287.00 164,000.00 68,881.46 98,000.00 503,168.46 Total 2,279,404.63 2,422,320.64 3,085,368.36 2,293,611.00 10,080,704.63 varioussectors. The sectors included Health, Electricity, Education, Roads etc. (See table 1.39)

1.20.19: Prudent Fiscal Management

Apart from the need to identify other sources of revenue generation in the district and theneed to take further control measures to improve the finances of the Assembly, an evenmore important aspect of financial arrangement is the management of the resources of theAssembly. Revenue mobilization and its management constitute a core problem area in the district. Thelimited resources available to the district in the face of numerous demands for developmentand functions of the Assembly require judicious use of resources of the Assembly and theinstitution of prudent control mechanisms in order to avoid waste in the system. To this end;  All funds collected must be fully accounted for and on time too.  There should be judicious use of funds and for the purpose for which they areappropriated. Expenditures must be made as authorized.  Monthly financial statements (Trial Balance) must be prepared and issued on time.  There must be close supervision and inspection of transactions to ensure prompt processing of payment vouchers as well as checking embezzlement of Assembly funds.  Assembly officials and Assembly members must be honest and accountable to thepopulace.

 The Assembly must set its priorities right and make judicious use of resources by preparing procurement and cash flow plans for the implementation of programmes and projects.  The Assembly must invest in productive ventures that will help raise the living conditions of the people in the district. Apart from grants, the Assembly has not been able to generate enough revenue from its ownresources for any meaningful development programmes and projects. This may partly be dueto inadequate trained and regular revenue collectors in the district.

1.20.19:Matching Revenue with Expenditure

The Assembly manages to match actual revenue collected with approved expenditure by:  Spending within approved budget limits.  Ensuring proper authorization and approval of all payments.  Monitoring all payment to ensure that they are being made for budgeted programmes and projects.  Preparation of monthly trial balance and bank reconciliation statements.  Critically analyzing monthly variances of revenue expenditure to find solutions to improve overall performance in revenue collection and expenditures.

1.20.20: Economic Resources

The District is endowed with a variety of potential economic resources which when properly harnessed can create much wealth for the people and to improve their standard of living.

The range of economic resources in the district include; arable and viable agricultural land, tourist attractions, plantation and cash crops, good roads linking the district to the regional capital and other districts, electricity coverage (about 40 percent), some cottage industries made up of palm oil and palm kernel extractions, gari processing, weaving and others, market centres dotted in the district, hotel and restaurants, and a pool of businesses like traders, business houses

1.20.21:Inter and Intra Trade

1.20.21.1:Inter Trade

This is the trade that goes on between Sekyere East District and other adjoining districts and those beyond.By its location the district shares boundaries with about five districts and there is an inter trade between Sekyere East District and some of these districts. For example, there is trade between the people in the district and districts like Sekyere Central, Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Assembly, Sekyere Kumawu, Sekyere Afram Plains, Mampong Municipal Assembly, Sekyere South, Ejura-Sekyedumase, Attebubu, Techiman Municipal and others.

Goods traded in are either exogenous ones or endogenous ones. The exogenous goods are those goods that move from the frontiers of Sekyere East District to other districts. Such goods are basically agricultural produce like plantain, palm nuts, pears, mangoes, oranges, cabbage, lettuce and others.

The endogenous goods on the other hand are those goods that move from other adjoining districts into Sekyere East District. For example, goods like yams and manufactured goods are brought into the district on market days from Kumasi, Mampong, Ejura and other towns.

1.20.21.2:Intra Trade

This refers to trade that goes on among the market centres (communities) within the district. For example, on market days (Sundays), people from other towns like Asokore, Nkwankwanua, Seniagya, Ntumkumso, Ahensan and others travel to Effiduase town to trade. The same things go on in other communities within the district on some market days. Goods traded in are basically food and other agricultural produce and some manufactured items and clothing.

1.20.22: Local Economic Development Issues

Local Economic Development is the process by which public, business and non-governmental sector partners work collectively to create better conditions for economic growth and employment generation with the aim to improve the quality of life for all. It is also the process of encouraging Public-Private-Partnership to improve the rate of local economic development by identifying proposals for practical activities to promote local economic development.It is a partnership between local government, business and community interests.

100

Practicing local economic development means working directly to build up the economic strength of the local area to improve the economic future and quality of life of the inhabitants.

The success of districts/communities to compete in the fast changing world today depends on them being able to adapt to the fast changing and increasingly competitive market environment.

Each district has unique local conditions that can help or hinder its economic development and these local characteristics form the seeds from which any local economic development strategy can be developed to improve local growth opportunities. To build competitiveness, the district should undertake a collaborative process to understand and act on its own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to make the local area attractive to business, new employees and supporting institutions by creating favourable environment for business success and job creation.

The district became a beneficiary pilot district of the LRED Component of the programme for Sustainable Economic Development of the GTZ from March 2007. The district was then zoned into Business (Commercial Zone), Light Industrial Zone, and Agricultural (farming) Zone.

1.20.22.1:Strength of LED

 Agriculture is the major driving force for economic development in the district  More diversified economic activities  Favourable climatic conditions for farming  Willingness of Traditional Authorities to support economic development  Availability of financial institutions  Dedication of District Assembly to support economic development  Existence of Business Advisory Centre  Availability of potential tourist attractions

1.20.22.2:Weaknesses of LED

 Unused business opportunities in tourism  Lack of business management training  Inactive Business Advisory Centre  Difficulty in accessing financial support  Forest depleted by chainsaw operators

101

 Lack of storage facilities  Lack of funds to support LED activities  Lack of political will and full commitment to the implementation of the action plan to develop the district.

1.20.22.3:Implications for development

 The District Assembly should commit enough resources to support and promote LED activities in the district  The over aching goal of LED is to create jobs and incomes. It is therefore crucial for the Assembly to involve employment promotion measures and organization in LED activities  Untapped business opportunities, for example in tourism should be explored by the Assembly and the private sector to create jobs for the youth  The construction of an industrial village in the district where the youth can be trained in skills will solve the unemployment problems in the district

1.20.23:Food Security

From 2010-2013, the district recorded high productivity in staple crop production like maize, cassava, cocoyam and cowpea. Seasonal variability due to climatic changes did not affect food production and supply all year round. Exotic vegetable production was encouraging with the dry season farming along river banks.Meat is abundant due to the availability of imported meat in the market and the presence of local poultry and small ruminants in almost all households.

1.20.23.1:Key Development Issues in Food Security

The key development issues in food security include the following:  Deplorable road condition leading to high transportation cost  High post-harvest losses because of inadequate storage facilities and improved knowledge in post-harvest management  Misapplication of agro-chemicals  Lack of irrigation facilities-leading to the farmers inability to undertake all year farming  Natural and man-made disasters like bush-fire, wind/rain storm, floods and outbreak of diseases/pests

102

1.20.23.2:Strategies/ way forward of food security andemergency preparedness

 Develop appropriate irrigation schemes for different categories of farmers to ensure production throughout the year.

 Introduce high yielding and short duration crop varieties.

 Target the vulnerable with special programmes (Youth in Agric) that will enhance their diversification opportunities.

 Strengthen early warning systems to provide information on natural disaster e.g. floods, bushfire, shortage of food outbreak of pests and diseases (Avian flu, Swine flu, etc)

 Improving road condition to improve accessibility will lead to reduction in post-harvest losses.

 Training of farmers in proper application of agro-chemicals

 Develop effective post- harvest management strategies, particularly storage facilities at individual and community levels i.e. Silos, warehouses, improved cribs.

1.20.23: Governance

This section looks at the administrative structures put in place for the management of thedistrict.

1.20.23.1:The District Assembly

The District Assembly like any other governance institution has a legislative, deliberative,executive and administrative structures and functions. The District Assembly by the mode of its creation and responsibilities has a governance role, service delivery role, planning andcommunity development role and above all, a regulatory role. These roles are performedthrough established institutional structures and key personnel.

The Sekyere East District Assembly is the highest political and administrative body in thedistrict. It is made up of forty (40)Assembly members- Twenty-six (26) elected, twelve(12) appointees, one Member of Parliament for Effiduase/Asokore Constituency and a DistrictChief Executive. The Assembly exercises political and administrative authority in its area ofoperation. It provides

103 guidance to and supervises all other administrative authorities in thedistrict. In so doing, the Assembly exercises deliberative, legislative and executive functions.

1.20.23.2:Committee System

The District Assembly operates through a committee system with overlapping membership, except that the Presiding Member of the District Assembly is not a member of the Executive Committee. The principal committee of the District Assembly is the Executive Committee which is responsible for the performance of the executive and administrative functions of the Assembly. The Executive Committee which is made up of 24 members co-ordinates plans and programmes of the sub-committees and submits these as comprehensive plans of action to the Assembly. It also implements resolutions of the Assembly.

The Executive Committee is chaired by the District Chief Executive who is the directrepresentative and appointee of the government, though his appointment has to be confirmedby two-thirds majority of the members of the General Assembly present. The ExecutiveCommittee has these sub-committees:

 Development Planning Sub-committee  Social Services Sub-committee  Works Sub-committee  Justice and Security Sub-committee  Finance and Administration Sub-committee  Such other Committees and Sub-committees as the District Assembly may determine.

1.20.23.3: Departments of the Assembly

Act 462 identified 11 departments for district assemblies which include:  General Administration  Finance  Education, Youth and Sports  Agriculture  Physical (Spatial) Planning  Social Welfare and Community Development

104

 Natural Resources Conservation, Forestry, Game and Wildlife Division  District Health Department  Works  Industry and Trade  Disaster Prevention Staffs of the departments are the technical officers of the Assembly providing the required technical expertise for local level development. Departments of the Assembly are headed by Heads of Departments who are responsible for efficient and effective performance of the functions and responsibilities assigned to the departments.

The Sekyere East District Assembly does not have the full complement of staff yet, as the Department of Tradeand Industry and Natural Resource Conservation Department do not exist in the district. Also the Physical Planning Department lackssubstantive staff. There is no substantive Physical Planning Officer. The Municipal Officer from Ejisu–Juaben Municipal Assembly has oversight responsibility in Sekyere East District. Departments not yet merged include Works, Social Welfare and Community Development and Disaster Prevention.

Independent Governance Institutions existing in the district include:

 Electoral Commission (EC)  Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)  National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE)  Audit Service

1.20.23.4: Sub-District Structures

The District Assembly has four Urban/Area Councils and 26 Unit Committees which facilitateeffective communication between the Assembly and the local people. The Area/Urban Councilsoversee the activities of the Unit Committees as well as assisting the Assembly in theadministration of Urban and Area Councils. The four Urban /Area Councils are:  Effiduase -Asokore Urban Council  Akwamu Area Council  Mponua/Seniagya Area Council  Senchi-Nyamfa Area Council 105

The sub-structures are still not functioning due to lack of personnel to man the offices and most importantly, they lack office accommodation.

1.20.23.5: Traditional Authority

There is one paramount chief and one sub-traditional council in the district. These are Asokore and Effiduase TraditionalAreas respectively. Under the paramountcy are chiefs and sub-chiefs. They are custodians of lands in their respective jurisdictions. Apart from ensuring the physicaldevelopment of their respective areas, they also serve as arbitrators in their areas of jurisdiction. Most people channel their grievances through the Traditional Authorities instead of coming to the District Assembly.

1.20.24:Accountability

As an institution, the District Assembly should be accountable to the people it serves. Theelectorate should therefore, demand accountability from the officials of the Assembly and theAssembly members. Hence, officials and Assembly members must cultivate the culture ofopenness and transparency in the award of contracts for the construction of projects,collection of revenue, purchase of equipment, machinery and stationery and the distributionof development programmes and projects within the district. To be accountable to the peopleas well as being open and transparent in all its transactions, the District Assembly has put inplace some structures. These structures include;

 District Tender Committee  District Tender Review Board  Tender Evaluation Committee ( Adhoc Committee)  Budget Committee  Monitoring and Evaluation Team and others

These structures help to promote transparency, openness and accountability in the transactions of the District Assembly.

106

1.20.25: Participation of Citizenry

In almost all the activities of the Assembly apart from the Assembly members and UnitCommittee Members, beneficiary communities, C.B.Os, C.S.Os and NGOs are involved inthe annual budget preparation, all stakeholders like the GPRTU, Trade Associations,operators of restaurants, barkeepers, beauticians and other identifiable bodies are made an integral part of the discussion. They express their opinions on the rates and fees to be charged in the incoming year. By so doing, they make important inputs into the budget. The citizenry are also involved in programmes and projects implementation. The chiefs, opinion leaders and unit committee members of beneficiary communities are involved in meetings, projects inspection, monitoring and evaluation.To inform the people on the activities and performance of the Assembly so that they in turn can express their views on the activities of the Assembly, particularly on issues that borderthem, public hearing and peoples assemblies are organized in the district at somecommunities. The people are then given the opportunity to participate in the administrationof the Assembly.

Again through their elected representatives at the Assembly, some community members areable to express their views on pertinent issues like the armed robbery andenvironmental sanitation in the district. Some NGOs, particularly World Vision International has always been in partnership with the Assembly in their development agenda in the district. The District Assembly thus, coordinates the activities of the CBOs, NGOs and CSOs in the district.

1.20.26:Application of Communication Strategies

It is not enough to collect and collate information from the populace.It is also important that proposals, policies and programmes are also sold out to the general public. One effective way to reach out to people and the communities for their input into the development agenda of the district is through public hearing and discussions. From 2010 up to 2013, the Assembly has organized not less than ten of such public hearings in various communities in the district..The strategy yielded positive response from the various communities and Urban/AreaCouncil as the people lauded the programme and made healthy contributions to the plan.Other communication strategies that are used by the Assembly to reach out to the people andto also receive healthy responses include seminars, workshops, interviews and radio discussions. They are adopted by the Assembly to sensitize and to receive responses from thepopulace.

107

1.20.27:Security

The District Police Service continues to discharge its statutory duties of providing safety and security for all community members and their properties. There are three police stations in the District. These are located at Effiduase, Asokore and Seniagya. The total number of police personnel decreased from 44 in 2010 to 41 in 2011, but increased in the subsequent years ( see table below.. Considering the large population size of the district, this staff strength is woefully inadequate. The Police-Population Ratio is 1:1490 which is far above the national ratio of 1: 847 (2012). The share of women in the police service in the district increased from 5 in 2010-2011 to 11 in 2012, but however decreased to 8 in 2013.

Table 1.41: Strength of Personnel from 2010-2013

YEAR FEMALE MALE TOTAL 2010 5 39 44

2011 5 36 41

2012 11 35 46

2013 8 40 48

Source: District Police Headquarters, 2014

1.20.27.1:Commonly and Major Reported Offences from 2010-2013

The commonly and major reported offences from 2010-2013 are as shown in the table below. From the table assault is the most commonly reported offence in the district. In 2010, the percentage share of assault reported cases were 40.4 percent, but reduced to 37.1 percent, but however increased 42.0 percent and 46.1 percent respectively in 2012 and 2013. Stealing is the next commonly reported offence. Rape and robbery cases are not frequently reported cases in the district.

108

Table 1.42: Commonly and Major Reported Offences from 2010-2013

Offences Number of Reported Offences Commonly Reported 2010 % 2011 % 2012 % 2013 % Offences SHARE SHARE SHARE SHARE Assault 102 40.4 92 37.1 123 42.0 111 46.1 Stealing 41 16.3 39 15.7 58 20.0 40 16.7 Threatening 32 12.7 40 16.1 51 17.5 40 16.7 Fraud 27 10.7 31 13.7 21 7.2 18 7.5 Causing Damage 24 9.5 23 9.3 15 5,2 14 5.6 Causing Harm 11 4.4 7 2.8 8 2.7 5 2.1 Defilement 2 0.8 1 0.4 3 1.0 2 0.8 Robbery - - 2 0.7 1 0.4 Unlawful Entry 10 4,0 8 3.2 5 1.7 4 1.7 Rape - - - - - Major Offences Murder - - 1 0.4 - - 1 0.4 Rape ------Defilement 2 0.8 4 1.6 3 1.0 2 0.8 Robbery - - - 2 0.7 1 0.4 Possession, Use and 1 0.4 2 0.8 - - Distribution of Narcotic Drugs Total 252 100 248 100 291 100 239 100 Source; District Police Headquarters, 2014

1.20.27.2:Challenges of the Police Service

 Inadequate supply of fuel for patrol duties

 Poor and bushy nature of Effiduase-Asamang Road contributing to robbery on the road

 Lack of toilet facilities for nine personnel staying at Effiduase Zongo Police Barracks

 Bad state of District Police Headquarters at Effiduase

 Lack of pipe water- the District Commander’s bungalow

 Inadequate police personnel

The District Assembly has put up measures to address the challenges of the police service to enhance service delivery. These measures include the following

 Provision of adequate fuel for police patrol duties

 Provision of Toilet facilities at the Police Barracks at Effiduase Zongo

 Renovation of the District Police Headquarters

 Extending water to the District Commander’s bungalow

109

To ensure that the district is relatively calm and peaceful, the Assembly collaborates with the security agencies in maintaining law and order. The Assembly provides logistics and technical support necessary to assist the Police and Fire Service to carry out their duties.

The Assembly also resource the Disaster Management and Protection Department of the Assembly by providing the Management with funds to purchase needy items to assist people who are affected by disaster in the district. The Management also organizes education on disaster for the people in the district.

To beef up the security situation in the district, the Assembly is in the process of recruiting Community Watchdog Committees in communities like Effiduase, Asokore, Ntumkumso, Seniagya and others. These watchdog committees will help deal with people, particularly armed robbers, who are bent on disturbing the peace of the people in the district. This will help reduce or prevent crime waves occurring in the district so that the people could carry out their social and economic activities with little or no fear of attack.

1.20.28:Education

1.20.28.1:Basic School Level

The district has 39 public pre-schools, 39 Primary Schools and 32 Junior High Schools. Table 1.42 shows the Basic School Enrolment from 2010-2013.

Table 1.43: Public Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 No. of B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL Schools KG 1,922 1,806 3728 1,911 1,856 3767 1,910 1,840 3750 1,889 1,745 3634 39 Primary 4,508 4,226 8734 4,467 4,251 8718 4,505 4,150 8655 4,372 4,108 8480 39 JHS 1,202 1,602 2804 2,129 1,805 3934 2,171 1,848 4019 2,128 1,879 4007 32 TOTAL 7,632 7,634 15,266 8507 7912 16,419 8586 7838 16424 8389 7732 16121 110 Source: District Education Directorate, Effiduase 2014

110

From the table, pre-school enrolment increased marginally (1%) from 2010 - 2011 and decreased marginally in 2012 and 2013. Primary school enrolment also decreased marginally ( 0.2%) from 2010 to 2011 and decreased further in the subsequent years, .while that of Junior High School increased by 40% from 2010-2011 and further increased by 2.2% from 2011 to 2012 but decreased marginally ( 0.3 %) from 2012 to 2013. The overall increase in Basic school enrolment from 2010 - 2011 was 7.6% whilst from 2012-2013, enrolment decreased by 1.8%.. The share of female enrolment in basic school rose from 7,634 to 7912 , about 3.6% from 2010- 2011 but decreased marginally (0.9%) and further decreased in 2013 ( see table 1.42 )

Figure 1.25 Enrolment Levels in Public Basic Schools from 2010-2013

18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 KG 8000 Primary 6000 JHS TOTAL 4000 2000 0 TOTAL G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL 2012 2013

1.20.28.2: Private Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013

The private basic school level enrolment for the period under review is shown in the table 1.43 below. Enrolment at KG increased from 1080 in 2010 to 1132 in 2011 which is about 4.6% increment. Whilst enrolment reduced by 10.2 percent in 2012 from 1132 to 1017. At the primary level, the highest enrolment (2779) was in 2012. Enrolment at primary increased from 2429 in 2010 to 2616 in 2011 an increase of 7.1 percent.

111

Table 1.44: Private Basic School Level Enrolment in the district 2010-2013

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 No. of Level B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL B G TOTAL Schools

KG 526 554 1080 588 544 1132 565 452 1017 497 523 1020 20 Primary 1,232 1,188 2429 1,298 1,318 2616 1,389 1,390 2779 1,390 1,377 2767 20 JHS 126 98 224 140 128 268 113 35 148 361 346 707 10 Source: District Education Directorate, Effiduase 2014

1.20.28.3:Teachers in Public Basic Schools

The teacher population in the public basic schools is as shown in table 1.44 below. In 2010, there were 742 teachers made up of 552 trained and 190 untrained teachers in all basic schools, whilst in 2013, there were 873 teachers made up of 757 trained and 116 untrained teachers in all basic schools. The proportion of classroom teachers that have had proper professional training is an essential input for quality education. The percentage of trained teachers increased marginally (4.3 percent) from 2010 to 2011 in all basic schools. The percentage of trained teachers increased significantly from 4.3 percent in 2011 to 31.4 percent in all basic public schools At the kindergarten level, the percentage of trained teachers increased significantly from 38% in 2011 to 48% in 2011/2012, while at the primary level, the percentage of trained teachers continued to increase from 62.8% in 2010/2011 to 66.3% in 2011/2012, following a decline in 2009/10. A similar pattern was observed at the JHS level, which recorded an increase from 78% in 2011/11 to 85% in 011/12. Table 1.45: Teachers in Public Basic Schools

Level 2010 2011 2012 2013 Trained Untrained Trained Untrained Trained Untrained Trained Untrained M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F KG 16 54 21 72 6 58 16 76 15 85 4 15 20 93 7 49 Primary 126 102 37 4 118 122 42 11 130 121 9 10 138 141 38 13 JHS 154 100 41 15 152 120 23 10 179 116 11 - 229 136 8 1 Grand Total 296 256 99 91 276 300 81 97 324 322 24 25 387 370 53 63 Source: Ghana Education Service, Effiduase, 2014

112

Figure 1.26: Teachers in Basic Public Schools from 2010-2013

400 350 300 250 200 KG 150 Primary 100 JHS Grand Total 50 0 M F M F M F M F M F F M F Trained Untrained Trained Untrained Trained Untrained 2010 2011 2012

Source: Ghana Education Service, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.46: Teachers in Basic Private Primary Schools

Level 2010 2011 2012 2013 Trained Untrained Trained Untrained Trained Untrained Trained Untrained M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F KG - 2 8 32 - 2 10 25 - 2 7 19 3 1 8 28 Primary 8 1 73 14 11 1 68 13 10 6 71 17 15 2 85 28 JHS 9 - 13 2 9 2 13 2 16 2 19 2 12 3 38 2 Grand 17 3 94 48 20 5 91 40 31 10 97 38 30 6 131 58 Total Source: Ghana Education Service, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.28.4 Educational Performance

The performance of pupils at the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) has not improved considerably since 2010. In 2010 they had 48.7 percent passes, but increased to53.5 percent in 2011 but decreased in 2012 to 42.3 percent. It however increased to 50.3 percent in 2013, which was 8% improvement over last year results. (See table 1.46 and Fig 1.27).

In 2013 for instance only five ( 5) schools recorded 100 percent passes. These schools included:

113

 Nsutem D/A JHS

 Asokore Nasir JHS

 Tomhel Preparatory JHS

 Asantewaah Preparatory JHS

 Asokore Hamdaniyya JHS

Also five (5) schools recorded 0 percent in 2013 and they included:

 Akokoaso JHS

 Asokore James Family

 Awaham/Brofoyedru D/A JHS

 Nkwankwanua D/A JHS

 Effiduase Perseverance JHS

Figure 1.27: Performance of Pupils at the BECE from 2010-2013

30 Series1

0 1 2 3 4

Source: Ghana Education Service, Effiduase, 2014

114

Table 1.47: Performance of pupils BECE in the District Total no. of Number Number Year % % Candidates Passed Failed 2010 1018 496 48.7 522 51.3 2011 1032 552 53.5 480 46.5 2012 1149 493 42.3 656 57.1 2013 1389 699 50.3 690 49.7 Source: District Education Directorate, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.46 shows the proportion of boys and girls passes at the BECE in the district from 2010 - 2013.Whilst the boys percentage passes decreased from 54.8% in 2010 to 53.3% in 2011, the girls percentage passes increased from 40.3% in 2010 to 53.8% in 2011. This shows a significant improvement in the girls’ performanceat the BECEthan the boys. However, both males and female performance decreased in 2012. Both the males and females performance improved in 2013.It is hoped that the performance of the girls would improve further with the girl childeducation sponsorship package from the Assembly and other Non-Governmental Agencies (Table1.47)

The fluctuating performance by the boys could be as a result of truancy after registration.

Table 1.48: Proportion of Males and Females Passes at BECE in the District 2010-2013 Boys Girls Year Total No. of Candidates Number Passed % NumberPassed % 2010 1018 323 54.8 173 40.3 2011 1032 324 53.3 228 53.8 2012 1149 297 45.8 196 39.2 2013 1389 414 53.6 285 46.3 Source: District Education Directorate Effiduase, 2014

115

Figure1.28: Proportion of Males/Females passes at BECE in the district for 2010-2013

40 Boys % 30 Girls % 20

0 1 2 3 4

1.20.28.5:The Use of ICT Facilities in Schools

Fourteen (14) out of the 32 JHS in the district have 222 computers, whilst 17 primary schools have 57 computers. These available computers are inadequate in relation to the enrolment levels at the primary schools and JHS.

Table1 49: JHS Schools with ICT Facilities Name of School Quantity Effiduase DA2 JHS 37 Effiduase Islamic JHS 24 Effiduase Presby JHS 24 Asokore D/A Trinity JHS 27 Seniagya D/A JHS 25 Senchi D/A JHS 24 Asokore T.I JHS 25 Asokore RC JHS 3 Effiduase SDA JHS 6 Effiduase Demonstration JHS 2

116

Asokore RC JHS 3 Effiduase SDA JHS 6 Nkwankwanua SDA JHS 4 Seniagya Methodist JHS 12 Total 222 Source : Ghana Education Service, Effiduase 2014

Table1 50: Primary Schools with ICT Facilities Name of School Quantity Asokore T.I Primary 25 Effiduase Demonstration Primary 2 Effiduase Methodist Primary 5 Effiduase RC Primary 3 Ntumkumso Presby Primary 1 Akuakrom D/A Primary 1 Effiduase Methodist Primary 5 Effiduase RC Primary 3 Ntumkumso Presby Primary 1 Akuakrom D/A Primary 1 Akuakrom Methodist Primary 1 Effiduase Presby Primary 1 Ntumkumso RC Primary 1 Effiduase DA2 Primary 1 Odurokrom D/A Primary 2 Oguaa SDA Primary 3 Asokore Methodist Primary 1 Total 57 Source: Ghana Education Service, Effiduase 2014

117

1.20.28.6:Coverage School Feeding Programme

The Ghana School Feeding Progrmme (GSFP) was initiated in 2005 within the context of Comprehensive Africa Development Programme (CAADP) Pillar III, and in response to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The objectives of the programme are to increase school enrolment, attendance and retention; and to provide children in public primary schools and kindergarten with one hot nutritious meal on every school going day in order to reduce malnutrition. Available data indicates that, the number of children benefitting from the programme increased by 67% from 6032 pupils in 2010 to 10016. This is made up of 5913 boys and 4103 girls in 24 schools.

1.20.28.7:Key Development Issues in Education

Key development issues affecting the education sector include :  Dilapidated and congested classrooms/ schools under trees

 Poor academic performance in basic schools.

 Inadequate teaching materials.

 Inadequate ICT Facilities in schools

 Inadequate accommodation for teachers

 Lack of Libraries

 Lack of sanitary facilities in schools

 Inadequate support for brilliant but needy students

 Presence of untrained teachers

The Assembly and its development partners would undertake the under-listed interventions to enhance effective teaching and learning. They would include

 Construct and rehabilitate classrooms

 Conduct mock exams for JHS Students

118

 Provide adequate teaching materials

 Provide ICT facilities in basic and secondary

 Construct accommodation blocks for teachers

 Construct Libraries for schools/communities

 Provide sanitary facilities for schools

 Continue and sustain the District Education Fund.

1.20.29:Health Care

For effective management the district has been demarcated into four sub-districts. They areEffiduase, Mponua, Asokore and Nyamfa. There are ten (10) governmental and non- governmental health facilities in the district (See table 1.46). Five (5) of these facilities are Government controlled (the Effiduase District Hospital, Okaikrom Health Centre, Akokoaso Clinic),, Ahwerewa CHPS Compond and Akuakrom Health Centre, whilst the remaining five are owned by the Ahmadiyya Mission, the Methodist Mission, the Catholic Church and two privately owned clinics. All the ten facilities provide curative care on 24 hours basis. The District Hospital at Effiduase and the Asokore Ahmadiyya Hospitalhave laboratory facilities. In addition to its traditional services, the District Hospital provides eye care services to the general public. Surgical procedures are performed at the Effiduase and Ahmadiyya hospitals.

1.20.29.1:Reproductive and child health

The “Reproductive and Child Health Services” are series of planned activities which seeks to promote the health of mothers and children including school going age, the adolescent and to meet reproductive needs of the populace. It also seeks to reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality as well as improving adolescent health,

Objectives

 To reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rate

 To improve coverage and quality of RCH services in the District

119

 To make reproductive and child health services accessible and affordable.

 To improve the quality of service delivery through capacity building

 To promote adolescent health

Strategies

 Deliver integrated RCH services at all levels both at static and outreach points.

 Institute daily weighing sessions at all facilities.

 Build capacity of staff to deliver quality clinical and public health services,

 Implement focus Antenatal Care

 Audit all maternal Deaths and implement recommendations.

 Collaborate with other health agencies in the promotion of reproductive and child health

1.20.29.2:Safe Mother Hood

The components of Safe Motherhood are Antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal care, Family planning, Prevention and management of post abortion, prevention and treatment of reproductive infections (RTI) including STI /HIV/AIDS, management of reproductive cancers, discourage harmful traditional practices that affect the reproductive health and health education.

Anaemia at 36 weeks is a worry to the district. 7.3% pregnant women anaemic at 36weeks. The trend is increasing as compared with previous years 2012(6%) and 2011 (6.12%). The quality of ANC services needs improvement to curb the anaemia situation and reduce maternal death.

1.20.29.3:Teenage Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy in the District is on the increased. In 2011(12.6%), 2012(16.8%) and 2013(18.0%) Education at schools and communities should be intensified .The District need support to institute adolescent health programme

120

Figure 1.29: Teenage Pregnancy 10-19

TEENAGE PREGNANCY 10-19

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Effiduase Asokore Nyanfa Mponua Dist.Total 2011 % 27.9 0 8.1 5.4 12.6 2012 % 31.9 8.9 9.7 5.2 16.8 2013 % 114.3 0.0 119.8 96.3 133.3

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

1.20.29.4:Skilled Delivery

The skilled delivery coverage was 49.70% in 2011, 70.5% in 2012 and in 2013 it increased to 74.4% as shown in fig 1.30 below. The increase could be due to education on facility delivery within the communities

Figure 1.30 Skilled Delivery from 2011-2013

SKILLED DELIVERY

160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 COVERAGE 20.0 0.0 Effiduase Asokore Nyanfa Mponua Dist.Total 2011 % 112.9 5.9 26.6 12.5 49.7 2012 % 134.9 50.3 27.7 16.3 70.5 2013 % 145.6 61.9 16.3 14.4 74.4

. Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

121

Figure 1.31: TBA Delivery from 2011-2013

TBA DELIVERY 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0

COVERAGE 40.0 20.0 0.0 Effiduase Asokore Nyanfa Mponua Dist.Total 2011 % 15.3 12.5 0.2 22.2 12.2 2012 % 22.1 19.9 0 19.1 16 2013 % 144.6 159.7 0.0 86.0 13.0

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

TBA delivery as expected has reduced to 13.0% in 2013 compared to 16% in 2012 as shown in Fig 1.31 above

1.20.29.5: Maternal Death Rate

The district had five maternal deaths in 2011 and reduced to two in 2012 and increased to 5 in 2013 All the five deaths were audited. The recommendation and lesson learnt are being implemented

Table 1.51: Maternal Death Rate Sub- district 2011 2012 2013 0/100000 0/1000 0/1000 Del Death 0 Del Death 00 Del Death 00 Effiduase 1448 5 345 1309 1 76 1412 3 212 Asokore 55 0 0 352 1 284 433 2 462 Nyanfa 221 0 0 172 0 0 101 0 0 Mponua 70 0 0 66 0 0 58 0 0 Dist.Total 1794 5 279 1899 2 105 2004 5 250

S o

122

1.20.29.6: Family Planning Acceptor Rate

The district coverage increased from 21.8% in2012 to 32% in2013.Engenderhealth assisted the district

to carry out Family planning campaign in three sub district namely Nyanfa, Mponua and Effiduase sub-district

Figure 1.32: FP Acceptor Rate

FP ACCEPTOR RATE

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Effiduase Asokore Nyanfa Mponua Dist.Total 2011 % 19.7 16.8 7.2 11.9 14.9 2012 % 24.9 18.7 8.3 40.5 21.8 2013 % 23 43 36 42 32

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

1.20.29.7:Health Promotion Activities

Health education was conducted in the entire District. Some of the health talk include;  Importance of exclusive breastfeeding  Importance of ANC.  Importance of Family Planning  Anaemia in children.  Nutrition in pregnancy.  Importance of child health record booklet  Personal and environmental hygiene  Malaria prevention 

1.20.29.8 :Nutrition rehabilitation

All the children who reported with cases of malnutrition and anaemia were rehabilitated and more severe ones were referred to the children’s hospital, CWC (KATH) for further care. In all

123

46 children who were 80% weight for age were rehabilitated by counseling their care givers on the right foods to give them since the District has no well-established Rehabilitation center.

1.20.29.9:Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

The baby friendly hospital initiative was introduced to provide maternity support to breastfeeding. 1116 of mothers (58%) put their baby’s to the breast after delivery. The low coverage is because only three facilities had staff trained and designated as baby friendly. Efforts will be made to train the remaining facilities.

Table1.52: Number of mothers who initiated breastfeeding one hour after delivery from 2010-2013

Years No. of deliveries Initiating of before within one % coverage hour 2010 1949 1402 71.9

2011 2233 1462 65.4

2012 1697 1142 67.3

2013 2016 1162 58

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.29.10:Food Demonstration and Nutrition Education Session

With support from the World Vision International (WVI), food demonstration and nutrition education sessions were held in selected communities throughout the district. Mothers were taught various food preparations from local foodstuffs which were nutrient dense to increase the nutritional status of households. Some of the foods cooked include the following:

 Aprapransa,

 Weanimix porridge

 Maize porridge

 Rice and stew

124

 “Mpotompoto” (using cocoyam)

 Yam and palaver sauce (nkontomire stew)

 “Eto” (prepared with plantain with groundnut mashed together)

The objective of the programme was to ensure that nursing mothers learn some useful lessons from the various demonstrations sessions and practice then at home.

1.20.29.11:Public health services

Disease control unit

Disease control aims at effective and efficient promotive, preventive and clinical services delivered with the support of all stakeholders in the district. Disease control unit in the district implements a lot of health programmes which contribute a great deal to the achievements of required targets set. Some of the programmes are immunization activities, cold chain management and surveillance in the district.

These services have been categorized into four areas as follows; - epidemic prone diseases, disease for control, disease for eradication and diseases for elimination. The table below gives the details:-

Table 1.53:Surveillance on Disease Epidemic prone diseases C.S.M, cholera, yellow fever, measles Diseases for eradication Guinea worm, AFP Diseases for elimination Leprosy, Neonatal tetanus Diseases for control Malaria, tuberculosis, Onchocerciasis Source : Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

All the above activities fall under surveillance.

Cerebro-spinal meningitis (C.S.M)

The Sekyere -East district reported no suspected case in 2013.

125

1.20.29.12:Improve Early Detection, Reporting and Management of Communicable Diseases

Health education was intensified throughout the years. Sensitization was organized for health staff on active surveillance of all communicable diseases with emphasis on AFP, CSM, Cholera, Measles and Buruli ulcer and also at the OPDs. Prescribers were taken through the tools of reporting of communicable such as CD1 and CD2 in addition to case definition and treatment forms. They were also taken through review of Consulting room and other units registers.

Epidemic Prone Diseases

These are CSM, cholera, yellow fever and measles.Sensitization on these diseases to prescribers was done every quarter.No CSM case was recorded. Despite this, education is still on-going on the mode of transmission, incubation period and method of control.

Cholera

No case was recorded despite the intensive surveillance

1.20.29.13:Disease for Eradication

These are Guinea worm and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). No Guinea Worm was recorded for the period under review but the district continued to report on the thirty eight (38) communities for Guinea worm activities. Sensitization of CBSVs and community members on the CASH REWARD of Two Hundred Ghana Cedis is ongoing not forgetting the RUMOUR reporting.

On the part of AFP, the district detected Two (2) AFP casesand the 60 day-follow - ups were conducted on 25th June and 16th October 2013 respectively.

1.20.29.14:Disease for elimination

The district did not record any case for the past two years. Despite this, the district continuously searched for cases. Surveillance was very active in both leprosy and neonatal tetanus respectively. None of these cases were recorded.

1.20.29.15:Diseases for control

Under this we have tuberculosis, Onchocerciasis and Malaria.

126

Tuberculosis

In a population of 100,000, 106 cases of TB were to be detected. Sekyere East has a population of 67,345. This means a total of 71TB cases were to be detected and put on treatment. At the end of the year 25 cases were detected being:-

NSP -14 NSN - 8 RELAPSE - 1 EPTB - 2

Total - 25 This represents 35.21 % case detection rate which is half of the target. Age groups of new positive cases recorded are shown below:-

Table 1.54: Schistosomiasis Treatment in Schools

School Target No. Treated % Coverage 105 26287 21382 81.34% Source: Ghana Health Service,, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.55: Yaws Treatment in Schools

School Pupils Examined No. Treated % Coverage

31 5973 1662 27.80% Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.29.16:National Immunization Day (NID)

In 2013 the District organized two rounds of NIDs in which the following coverage was achieved; 98.8% in June and 97.7% in October 2013.

NIDs aimed at eradicating polio and the strategies adopted were:-

 Social mobilization/key messages  House to house delivery of services  Establishment of static points

127

 Pre- school and basic schools service delivery

Challenges

Challengesare outlined below;-

 High demand of fuel by drivers  The breakdown of district and hospital vehicles in the first round  Lukewarm attitude of some of the volunteers

The single phase was very successful and the results were as follows:-

Table 1.56: NID-2012-2013

Sub-District Target 2012 2013 (JUNE) 2013 (OCT) % RD1 % RD 2

Effiduasi 4542 112.2 102.0 101.8

Asokore 4596 105.4 95.6 93.2

Nyanfa 3782 99.8 1018 98.8

Mponua 2667 99.7 97.0 99.8

District 15589 105 98.8 97.7

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

128

Figure1.33: NIDS Performance

NIDS 106 104 102 100 Series1 98 96 94 2012 RND 1 2013 RND 1 2013 RND 2 Series1 105 98.8 97.7

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

Table 1.57: District EPI Coverage for 2011 -2013

ANTIGENS TARGET COVERAGES 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

BCG 97.4 128.8 154.8%(3124)

MEASLES 87.8 105.3 107.7%(2177)

3623 2623

PENTA 3 89.5 104.4 118.3%(2390)

OPV3 2060 89.5 104.4 118.3%(2390)

YF 87.8 105.3 107.7%(2177)

TT 2 72.3 107.4 99.4%(2694)

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

The National target was 90% for all antigens. The District was able to achieve over 100% coverage for all antigens in 2013 due to reduction in the district population

129

Figure 1.34: District EPI Coverage

160 EPI 140 120 100 80 2011 60 2012 40 20 2013 0 BCG PENTA 3 OPV 3 MEASLES YF TT2+ 2011 97.4 89.5 89.5 87.8 87.8 72.3 2012 128.8 104.4 104.4 108.3 108.3 74.8 2013 154.8 118.3 118.3 107.7 107.7 99.4

1.20.29.17: IntermittentPreventive Therapy (IPT)

Intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) is presumptive treatment to prevent malaria among pregnant women. They are put on sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) after quickening i.e. sixteen (16) weeks. The dropout rate between IPT 1 and IPT 3 is so high due to failure of pregnant women to attend clinic early. In 2013, there was shortage in supply of SP and some also expired in October and November

Malaria

Table 1.58: Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria (IPT)

Number of pregnant women who were missed Year IPT 1 IPT 2 IPT 3 out for IPT 3 2011 1603 1142 571 1032 2012 1852 1434 833 1019

2013 1720 1341 877 843

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

130

Figure 1.35: Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria (IPT)

IPT 2011- 2013

2000

1500

1000

500 Pregnant Women 0 IPT 1 IPT2 IPT3 2011 1603 1142 371 2012 1852 1434 833 2013 1720 1341 877

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase 2014

Malaria Malaria has been the first on the list of the top ten diseases reported in the district. A lot of activities were carried out as steps to reduce the burden of malaria. Notably among them were training of Community –based agents to manage malaria at home and availability of anti malaria to treat malaria at all health facilities in the District. Malaria management was also monitored at all health facilities.

Table 1.59: OPD Cases Under –five Years Indicator All Cases Clinical Tested Positive and Confirmed 2011 53748 23354 0 3749 2012 33880 17785 11573 3331 2013 42926 19362 7250 3825 Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

131

Table 1.60: OPD Cases 5 Years and above

Year All Cases Clinical and Tested Positive Confirmed 2011 154498 52144 26872 8008

2012 104265 34356 26872 8212

2013 140301 37843 17551 8700

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.61: OPD Malaria Pregnant

Year All Pregnant Clinical and Tested Positive Women Confirmed 2011 11024 1212 0 925

2012 9014 830 721 493

2013 8172 1007 968 528

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.62:Malaria In-patient-Under 5 years

Year All In-Patient Both clinical Tested Positive Cases Cases and Confirmed 2011 3830 2854 0 1428

2012 3159 2389 1681 1007

2013 3934 2517 2136 1541

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.63: MALARIA- In-patient 5 years and above

Years All In-Patient Both clinical Tested Positive Cases Cases and Confirmed 2011 5795 3155 0 1174

2012 6030 2476 1898 856

2013 7641 2766 2280 1530

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

132

Table 1.64: MALARIA- IN-PATIENT Pregnant Women

Years All In-Patient Both clinical Tested Positive Cases Cases and Confirmed 2011 2246 325 0 294

2012 2199 347 334 317

2013 2730 377 370 296

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

Table1.65: 2013 Malaria cases by age groups

All Mal Tested Positive Cases. Under 5 years 46860 21879 9386 5366 5 years and above 147942 40609 19831 10230 Pregnant women 10902 1384 1338 824 Source : Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.66: In-Patient Deaths Under 5 Years

Years All Deaths Malaria Deaths 2011 33 5

2012 17 4

2013 26 1

Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

Table 1.67: In-Patient Death above 5 Years Years All Deaths Malaria Deaths 2011 117 8

2012 99 6

2013 130 3

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

133

Table 1.68:Maternal Malaria Deaths

Years All Deaths Malaria Deaths 2011 5 0

2012 2 0

2013 5 0

Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

Supply of RDT for the year was adequate so many of the cases were confirmed in all the six health facilities.

Malaria deaths accounted for 2.5% of all deaths in the District as compared to 8.4% and 8.5% in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Malaria cases reported in 2013 has generally reduced as OPD cares also reduced due to introduction of capitation in Ashanti Region.

1.20.29.18:Home based care

183 community-based agents (CBAs) were trained to manage malaria in children under-fives at home. They started operating in August 2012 as a result of late arrival of drugs. The following were activities carried out by the CBAs under the home-based programme in 2013.

Table 1.69:Common Illness and treatment by CBAs

Common Illness and treatment 2012 2013 Children brought to be checked 621 1248 Danger signs 0 12 Fever 620 1030 Fast breathing 0 3 Diarrhoea 231 IE&C 1347 15471 Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

134

1.20.29.19:Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS)

Community –based health planning and services is a government initiated programme to increase geographical access to health service. Community health officers were trained and placed in communities to render close –to- client health services.

The community health officers were to assist the rural communities to find their own problems and help solve them.

This strategy has been modified to suit the current situation. In other words, instead of putting up a CHPS compound, the sub district is rather divided into CHPS zones where disease control officer or community health nurses will be in charge of these zones.

They are to report to their supervisors at the sub district level where reports will be compiled to the district. Sekyere East has therefore zoned the district into four (4) sub- districts and the sub- district into 25 zones. The District has one functioning CHPS compound at Ahwerewa in the Asokore sub district.

World Vision Ghana, a major stakeholder in the District put up the CHPS compound at Ahwerewa which was commissioned on the 25th of August 2011.

Table 1.70: Demarcated CHPS zones

No Sub district No. of CHPS zones No. of CHOs 1 Effiduasi 11 11 2 Nyanfa 4 4 3 Asokore 6 6 4 Mponua 4 4 5 District 25 25 Source: Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, 2014

135

1.20.29.20:Clinical/institutional care service

OPD attendance

A total of 162063 people received care at various health facilities in the district. Thus, the district OPD attendance was 162063. Of these, 49856 were men while 112207 females.

Table 1.71: OPD attendance

Category 2010 2011 2012 2013 Male 37324 63160 49083 49856 Female 76528 122926 106596 112207 Insured client 105839 176780 144373 149192 Non-insured 8013 9306 11306 12871 Total 113852 186086 155679 162063 Source: District Health Administration, Effiduase, 2014

Most clients reported at the various facilities with malaria, Others with ARI, Diarrhoea diseases, and anaemia in that order.

This is depicted below in Fig.1.36

136

1.20.29.21:National Health Insurance Status in the District

The District Health insurance Scheme started operation in 2004. In 2010 the total number of registrants was 41,313. This number of registrants increased to 46,506 which constituted about 12 .6 percent increments. The number of registrants however reduced in 2012 by 17.7 percent and shot up in 2013 by 53.4 percent due to intensive public education. In 2013the registered people were made up of Informal (24.5%), SSNIT contributors (2.1%) under 18-years (52.0%), above 70 years (5.3%), indigents (10.4%) and 3,096 pregnant women (5.1%). These people qualify to access health care at accredited service providers anytime they fall sick.

.Table 1.72: NHIS Subscribers by Category from 2010-2013 Category 2010 % of Total 2011 % of Total 2012 % of 2013 % of Registrant Registrant Total Total Registrant Registr ant Informal 12,596 30.5 14,170 30.5 10,209 30.4 13,148 24.5 SSNIT 1,667 4.0 1241 2.7 980 2.9 1,084 2.1 Contributors Under 18 Years 20,271 49.1 26,320 56.6 17,524 52.1 26,565 52.0

70 Years and above 3,857 9.3 2,475 5.3 2,554 7.6 2,757 5.3 Indigents 69 0.2 78 0.2 19 0.1 5,386 10.4 Pregnant women 2853 6.9 2,222 4.7 2,330 6.9 2636 5.1

Total 41,313 100 46,506 100 33,616 100 51,576 100

Source: National Health Insurance Office, Effiduase, 2014

1.20.29.21.1 Accredited Health Care Providers by Type of Ownership, 2010-2013

Accredited Health Care Providers by Type of Ownership from 2010-2013 is shown in the Table below. The number of accredited providers increased from 17 in 2010 to 20 in 2013 and thereby enhancing efficient service delivery to registered members of the scheme

137

Table 1.73: Accredited Health Care Providers by Type of Ownership, 2010-2013

Type of Ownership 2010 2011 2012 2013 Government 7 7 8 8 Mission 4 4 4 4 Private 6 6 7 8 Quasi-Government - - - Total 17 17 19 20 Source: National Health Insurance Office, Effiduase, 2014

The Scheme is not without problems. Some of the problems confronting the Scheme include;  Poverty among majority of the people. Due to poverty the people find it difficult if not impossible to pay their premium. This situation is worse in the Afram Plains portion of the district.  Inaccessible and bad nature of roads in the district. Road network in the district is inaccessible and/or bad. It takes longer hours for one to move from one community to another. The inaccessible nature of roads in the Afram Plains compounds the problems there.  Delays in the release of funds from the Health Insurance Council to pay claims

1.20.29.22:Admission and deaths

Out of 11853 admissions, the district recorded one hundred and Sixty-One (161) deaths. There were high cases of deaths as compared to 2012.Also cases of admission were high during the year under review. The deaths occurred mostly among people of 20—70+yrs with few under 5 years.The major causes of deaths reported were mostly due to malaria, Anaemia, septicemia, hypertension and others.

1.20.29.23:Support Services

The total staff strength stands at 528. This was made up of permanent and casual staff from the

Government, CHAG, Private and Mission facilities

138

Table 1.74: Human Resource

Category No at Post No on Study Leave Medical Doctors 6 0 0 Dental Surgeon 1 1 Dental Surgery Assistant 1 1 Cuban doctors -- --- 0 Physician Assistants 6 0 Pharmacists 4 0 General Nurses 54 8 Internal Auditor 1 0 Community Health Nurses 69 9 Midwives 25 0 Public Health Nurse 1 0 Principal Nursing Officer 2 0 Ophthalmic Nurses 2 0 Nurse Anaesthetist 1 0 DDNS 3 0 H/Services Administrator 2 0 Nutrition Officer 1 0 Executive Officer (HR) 1 0 T. O. Disease Control se Cont 2 2 0 Technical Officer 1 0 Health Information Officer 1 0 F.T.Disease Control 3 0 Pharmacy Technicians 3 1 Dispensing Assistants 8 0 Lab Technician 1 0 Accountants 3 0 Financial Officers 5 0 Biostatistician 1 0 Record Officers 8 0 Electrician 1 0 Health Aides 2 0 Enrolled Nurses 65 0 Health Assistants 21 0 Drivers 44 0 Security Officers 9 0 Orderlies 24 0 Casuals 45 0

139

Secretarial Staff 4 0 Hospital Work Assistant 120 0 Supply Officer 3 0 Labourers 8 0 Washerwoman 5 0 Total No. Of Staff 528 Source: District Health Administration, 2014 1.20.29.24:Key Development Issues in the Health Sector

 Inadequate health facilities eg. CHPS Compound

 Inadequate nurses quarters

 Inadequate support for HIV/AIDS activities

 Inadequate health personnel

Interventions put in place to address the key development issues in the health sector in the plan period would include:

 Construction/Rehabilitation of CHPS Compounds Nkwankwanua, Akokoaso , Motokrodua, Ahinsan

 Support for NIP

 Rehabilitation of RCH Block

 Provision of adequate support for HIV/AIDS activities

1.20.30:Water and Sanitation

1.20.30.1:Main Source of Water for Drinking and for other Domestic Use

The source of water supply particularly for drinking has tremendous effect on the burden of disease in a community. The main health benefit of clean water supply is a reduction in diarrhoeal disease, although the effects on other diseases are also substantial. Water is often classified as “improved” or “unimproved”. Sources considered as improved are household connection to public pipe borne water supply system, public standpipe, borehole, protected

140

(lined) dug well, protected spring, and rainwater collection. Unprotected wells and springs, vendors, and tanker-trucks are considered unimproved.

The main source of water for drinking and other domestic purposes for households in occupied dwellings units in the District is shown in Table 8.10. From the Table, majority of households in the district have their main source of drinking water to be Borehole/Pump/Tube well (49.0%) followed by Pipe-borne outside dwelling (19%) and Public tap/Standpipe (11.7%). 20.3 percent use other sources such as Bottled water, Unprotected spring, rain water etc. About 94.2 percent of households in the district patronize improved sources of drinking water while 5.8 percent patronize unimproved sources. The majority of urban households (27.7%) use pipe-borne outside dwelling as their main source of drinking waterwhilst majority of rural households (78.4%) use Borehole/Pump/Tube well.

The main source of water used by households in occupied dwellings units for other domestic purposes in the district is Bore-hole/Pump/Tube well (50.1%) the remaining 49.9 percent use pipe-borne inside dwelling, pipe-borne outside dwelling, protected wells etc. The proportion of urban households in occupied dwellings using Bore-hole/Pump/Tube well is far lower (29.3%) than rural households (76.6%). Similarly, the proportions of households in occupied dwellings that use pipe-borne inside dwelling, pipe-borne outside dwelling and public tap/Standpipe are lower in rural areas than in urban localities.

Table 1.75: Main source of water of dwelling unit for drinking and other domestic purposes

District

Total Urban Rural

Sources of water Total country Region N % % % Main source of drinking water for household Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pipe-borne inside dwelling 790,493 247,769 887 6.5 10.9 0.9

Pipe-borne outside dwelling 1,039,667 210,802 2,591 19.0 27.7 7.8

Public tap/Standpipe 712,375 113,626 1,598 11.7 17.0 4.9

Bore-hole/Pump/Tube well 1,267,688 348,433 6,696 49.0 25.9 78.4

Protected well 321,091 80,800 1,046 7.7 12.4 1.6

Rain water 39,438 1,457 20 0.1 0.1 0.2

Protected spring 19,345 4,692 33 0.2 0.3 0.2

Bottled water 20,261 2,958 10 0.1 0.1 0.0

141

Satchet water 490,283 41,265 234 1.7 3.0 0.1

Tanker supply/Vendor provided 58,400 4,676 6 0.0 0.1 0.0

Unprotected well 112,567 7,652 103 0.8 1.1 0.3

Unprotected spring 12,222 1,451 6 0.0 0.0 0.1

River/Stream 502,804 58,333 437 3.2 1.4 5.4

Dugout/Pond/Lake/Dam/Canal 76,448 1,441 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 3,972 850 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source : 2010 Population and Housing Report

Access to potable water in the district has not kept pace with rapid population growth, particularly in the major settlements such as Effiduase, Asokore, Senchi, Ahinsan, Okaikrom and Nkwankwanua. The percentage coverage of potable water facilities in the district is about 50.1percent. (Table 1.75)

The coverage for the respective Town/Area Councils are; Akwamu 89.7 percent, Effiduase- Asokore 43.6%, Senchi-Nyamfa 70.5% and Seniagya-Mponua 31.4%. ( Table 1.75)

Table 1.76: Population Served and Coverage of Portable Water in The District Type of Facility Pop Pop % Urban-Area Council Borehole Dug Well Pipe (2014) Served Coverage with pump with Pump System Akwamu 6856 15 1 5 6150 89.7 Effiduase-Asokore 39570 33 17 16 17,250 43.6 Senchi-Nyamfa 10632 24 2 0 7,500 70.5 Seniagya-Mponua 12,405 13 0 - 3,900 31.4. District 69,463 85 20 21 34,800 50.1 Source: Field Work, September, 2014

From the table, Akwamu, Asokore and Senchi-Nyamfa Town-Area Councils have high water facility coverage (above 50 percent). Effiduase and Seniagya-Mponua have low coverage (below 45 percent). Generally the district has a medium coverage(50.1 %).

1.20.30.1: Bathing and Toilet Facilities

Table 1.76 presents bathing and toilet facilities available in occupied dwelling units in the Sekyere East District. Bathing facilities used in the district are primarily of four main types: shared separate bathroom in the same house (47.5%), bathroom for exclusive use (22.5%), shared open cubicle (11.5%) and private open cubicle (9.2%). The proportion of households that

142 use open space around the house is 5.7 percent and 3.1 percent of households use bathroom in another house whiles 0.1 percent use public bath houses.

The rural and urban distribution of bathing facilities shows that, the use of shared separate bathroom in the same house is common in urban dwellings (59.2%) than in rural dwellings (32.6%). More rural households (26.9%) own bathroom for exclusive use as compared with urban households (19.0%). 9.6 percent of rural households use open space around the house whiles 2.7 percent is recorded for urban localities.

Table 1.77: Type of toilet facility and bathing facility used by households by type of locality

District Total Urban Rural Total

Toilet facility/Bathing facility country Region N % % % Toilet facility used by household Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 No facilities (bush/beach/field) 1,056,382 71,322 1,386 10.1 4.6 17.2 W.C. 839,611 261,106 1,195 8.7 13.9 2.1 Pit latrine 1,040,883 200,798 3,446 25.2 24.7 25.9 KVIP 572,824 98,434 2,528 18.5 22.3 13.7 Bucket/Pan 40,678 3,082 36 0.3 0.3 0.2 Public toilet (WCKVIPPitPan etc) 1,893,291 487,596 4,995 36.5 33.6 40.2 Other 23,385 3,867 82 0.6 0.6 0.6 Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 Own bathroom for exclusive use 1,535,392 280,657 3,074 22.5 19.0 26.9 Shared separate bathroom in the same house 1,818,522 501,675 6,493 47.5 59.2 32.6 Private open cubicle 381,979 65,409 1,259 9.2 4.2 15.5 Shared open cubicle 1,000,257 158,985 1,576 11.5 13.3 9.3 Public bath house 140,501 16,648 9 0.1 0.1 0.0 Bathroom in another house 187,337 31,329 423 3.1 1.0 5.7 Open space around house 372,556 67,321 783 5.7 2.7 9.6 River/Pond/Lake/Dam 14,234 1,320 5 0.0 0.0 0.1 Other 16,276 2,861 46 0.3 0.4 0.2 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. The distribution of type of toilet facility used by households in dwellings (occupied) in the district shows that, majority of households (36.5%) use public toilets, about a quarter use pit latrine (25.2%) with the remaining using KVIP (18.5%), W.C. (8.7%) etc (Figure 1.36). It is interesting to know that 10.1 percent of households in occupied dwelling units have no toilet facilities and resort to the bush, or field as places of convenience.

143

As shown in Table 1.76, more households in rural localities (40.2%) use public toilets than in urban localities (33.6%). It is not surprising that 17.2 percent of households in rural localities have no toilet facilities as most of these housing units may be built with no provision for toilet facilities and the fact that there are no public toilets in some of these rural localities.

Figure 1.36: Types of household toilet facilities

40.0 36.5 35.0 30.0 25.2 25.0 20.0 18.5 15.0 10.1 8.7 10.0 5.0 Percentage ofhouseholds Percentage 0.3 0.6 0.0

Toilet facilities

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census

Toilet facilities are inadequate in almost every community in the district. Provision of household toilets is not encouraging in spite of intensive education throughout the district. The current overall coverage of toilet facilities in the district is 29.1 percent and the population served is 20,200. This coverage is an improvement over the previous plan period (20.6 %) The percentage coverage of toilet facilities in the Urban-Area Councils indicates that Akwamu has a coverage of 19.7 percent, Effiduase-Asokore 32.1 percent, Senchi-Nyamfa 28.3 percent and Seniagya- Mponua 25.2 percent. (See table 1.77)

Table 1.78: Distribution of sanitation facility, people served and coverage in the district Type of Facility Pop Pop % Urban-Area Council VIP KVIP (Public Toilet): WC (2008) Served Coverage Squat holes Akwamu 6856 44 20 0 1352 19.7 Effiduase -Asokore 39,570 178 212 12 12,704 32.1

144

Senchi-Nyamfa 10,632 77 48 0 3016 28.3 Seniagya-Mponua 12,405 116 44 0 3128 25.2 District 69,484 487 324 12 20,200 29.1. Source: Field Work, Sept, 2014.

1.20.30.3: Method of Waste Disposal

A major challenge of districts in Ghana is efficient solid (refuse) and liquid waste disposal. As shown in Table 1.78, the most popular means of disposing solid waste (refuse) in the Sekyere East District is by public dump (79.1%), either dumping in a container (15.2%) or dumping unto an open dump site (63.9%). The proportion of households who dump solid wastes indiscriminately is 5.9 percent and the proportion of households who burn their solid wastes is 8.4 percent. Although there are differences in proportions, the dumping of solid waste in open spaces is the most common method of waste disposal in both rural (81.3%) and urban areas (50.2%) in the district.

Majority of households in the district as shown in Table 1.78, dispose of liquid waste by either throwing onto the compound (35.0%) or onto the street/outside the house (41.7%). 13.4 percent ofhouseholds dispose of liquid waste by throwing into a gutter and 7.8 percent have their liquid wastedispose through drainage system into a gutter.About half of households in rural areas (47.1%) and more than one third in urban areas (35.0%) dispose of liquid waste by throwing unto the street/outside.

Table 1.79: Method of solid and liquid waste disposal of households by type of locality

District Total Urban Rural Total Method of waste disposal country Region N % % % Solid waste Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 Collected 785,889 102,035 179 1.3 2.1 0.3 Burned by household 584,820 59,303 1,145 8.4 11.8 4.1 Public dump (container) 1,299,654 399,121 2,084 15.2 25.8 1.9 Public dump (open space) 2,061,403 472,344 8,731 63.9 50.2 81.3 Dumped indiscriminately 498,868 55,647 800 5.9 3.7 8.6 Buried by household 182,615 30,215 676 4.9 6.2 3.3 Other 53,805 7,540 53 0.4 0.3 0.5 Liquid waste Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 Through the sewerage system 183,169 35,882 120 0.9 1.3 0.4 Through drainage system into a gutter 594,404 223,451 1,066 7.8 11.1 3.6

145

Through drainage into a pit (soak away) 167,555 28,885 154 1.1 1.4 0.8 Thrown onto the street/outside 1,538,550 258,473 5,700 41.7 37.4 47.1 Thrown into gutter 1,020,096 245,146 1,828 13.4 20.0 4.9 Thrown onto compound 1,924,986 330,818 4,783 35.0 28.7 43.1 Other 38,294 3,550 17 0.1 0.1 0.1 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. Keeping the environment clean and healthy is a serious problem in almost all the communities in the district. Quite a number of people litter refuse and human excreta around in the communities and along paths and dump sites. There is the need for the District Assembly and other stakeholders in the communities, particularly traditional authorities to educate and advise the people on the need to keep their environment clean.

Drainage is one of the serious problems in the district. Most of the smaller and larger settlements like Asokore, Seniagya, Effiduase, Senchi, Oguaa, Akuakrom, Anunya and others do not have good drainage systems. Inadequate drainage systems in these settlements have resulted in deep gully erosion channels along the streets and roads and sometimes foundations of buildings in these settlements are seriously undermined as they hang. The District Assembly, traditional authorities and the Town-Area Councils in these settlements should collaborate to improve and construct the drainage systems at the affected settlements

1.20.30.4:Key Development Issues in Water and Sanitation

 Low toilet facility coverage

 High Dependence on public toilets

 Poor hygiene practices including hand washing with soap

 Poor drainage system

 Poor final disposal sites( both solid and liquid waste)

 Low water coverage

 Poor performance WATSAN Committees

 Poor maintenance culture

146

The District Assembly and its Development Partners have put in place the under listed interventions to enhance water and sanitation services delivery in the district. The interventions include:

 Construct/rehabilitate public latrines

 Promote the use of household toilets

 Conduct public education on good hygiene practices

 Construct drains and clean choked gutters

 Provide an engineered landfill sites

 Provide solid waste containers

 Construct and rehabilitate boreholes

 Build the capacities of WATSAN Committees

 Undertake Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements in the provision of water and sanitation facilities

147

1.20.31:Information Communication Technology

This section discusses ICT usage in the Sekyere East District in the context of: the ownership of mobile phones, household ownership of fixed telephone lines and desktop/laptop computers and the use of the internet.

1.20.31.1:Ownership of Mobile Phones

Bittner (1989) defines mobile phone as a telephone system that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place. Mobile phones were once the tool of rich and busy executives who could afford. Mobile phones are now the ICT that is reshaping and revolutionizing communications globally. Its impact on the economic activities of nations, businesses, and small entrepreneurs is impressive.

According to the 2010 PHC, 19,943 persons representing 47.9 percent of persons 12 years and older in the Sekyere East District own mobile phones. Thisproportion is slightly higher than the National proportion of 47.7 percent and lower than the Ashanti Regional proportion of 56.1 percent. Similar to the National and Regional proportions, the proportion of males (12 years and older) owning mobile phones is higher (50.6%) than females (49.4%) in the district. (Table 1.79)

1.20.31.2 Use of Internet

The 2010 Population and Housing Census as shown in Table 1.79recorded 2,617 users of internet facilities out of 41,621 population (12 years and older) in the District. This indicates that only 6.3 percent of persons 12 years and older had access to the internet which is lower than the National and Regional proportions of 7.8 percent and 8.9 percent respectively. In terms of sexes, just as at the National and Regional levels, usage of the Internet among males is higher (67.0%) than females (33.0%). Thus, for every two males who used the Internet in the District, one female used the facility.

Table 1.80: Population 12 years and older by mobile phone ownership, internet facility usage, and Sex I C T Indicators Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Population having Population using Population 12 years and older mobile phone internet facility Total 41,621 100.0 19,943 100.0 2,617 100.0 Male 19,014 45.7 10,087 50.6 1,754 67.0

148

Female 22,607 54.3 9,856 49.4 863 33.0 Percentage of Population 12 years and older having mobile phone 47.9 Percentage of Population 12 years and older using internet facility 6.3 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. 1.20.31.3:Household Ownership of Fixed Telephone Lines

The use of fixed line telephones appears to be on the decline with the onset of mobile phone technology.. Table shows that,out of 13,668 households, there were 41 households with fixed telephone lines in the Sekyere East District in 2010. This represents only 0.3 percent of total households. The low rate recorded for use of fixed telephone lines may be due to the investment and expansion of the mobile telecommunication companies in the district and the subsequent decline in investment in fixed telephony. More than half of households with fixed telephone lines (51.2%) are male headedwhiles female headed households recorded 48.8 percent.

1.20.31.4: Household Ownership of Desktop or Laptop Computer

Computers (Desktop/laptop) are useful for accessing and processing information. Computers are now commonly used for writing letters and reports, printing books, newspapers, and magazines, drawing pictures and diagrams, doing statistics, mathematics and handling financial records, controlling traffic lights, flying aeroplanes, making and playing music and video, sending messages anywhere in the world and other services.

The 2010 PHC recorded 802 households (5.9%) of all households (13,668) in the Sekyere East District who own laptop or desktop computers. This figure is lower than the Regional and National figures of 9.3 and 7.9 percent respectively. Ownership of desktop/laptop computers may be low because of the high cost or that people have access to them in their offices and have no pressing need for them at home.More than two-thirds (71.3%) of households with laptop/desktop computers in the district are headed by males as compared to female headed households (28.7%)

149

Table 1.81: Households having desktop/laptop computers, fixed telephone lines and Sex of head Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Households having Households having desktop/laptop fixed telephone lines Number of households computers Total 13,668 100.0 802 100.0 41 100.0 Male 7,522 55.0 572 71.3 21 51.2 Female 6,146 45.0 230 28.7 20 48.8 Percentage of households having desktop/ laptop computers5.9 Percentage of households having fixed telephone lines 0.3 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census 1.20.32:Housing Conditions Housing is an integral element of a district’s economy. Its backward and forward linkages with other parts of the economy closely bond people’s needs, demands and social processes with the supply of land, infrastructure, building materials, technology, labour, and housing finance. These linkages allow housing to act as an important engine for sustainable development and poverty reduction in both society and the economy. (UN-Habitat, 2010)

Housing data helps in understanding key aspects of housing and housing conditions. It assists policy makers and planners make evidence-informed decisions on housing policies and interventions. This section provides an overview of housing and housing conditions in the Sekyere East District. Data presented include housing stock and types of houses, ownership, household room occupancy and housing conditions with particularly reference to the main source of water for drinking and for other domestic use, bathing and toilet facilities and methods of waste disposal etc.

1.20.32.1:Housing Stock

The distribution of housing stock and households by type of locality in the district is presented in Table 1.81. The table indicates that the total stock of houses in the district is 9,654, of which the highest proportion is located in the rural localities (54.7%) compared with 45.3 percent in the urban localities.

150

The data further shows that there are 13,668 households in the district, 7,654 (56.0%) live in urban localities whiles the remaining 6,014 (44.0%) live in rural localities. The district average households per house is 1.4, this is lower than the Regional (2.0) and National (1.6) averages. The average population per house and household size in the district are 6.3 and 4.5 respectively.

Table1.82: Stock of houses and households by type of locality

Total Categories country Region District Urban Rural Total population 24,658,823 4,780,380 62,172 33,620 28,552 Total household population 24,076,327 4,671,982 61,136 32,937 28,199 Number of houses 3,392,745 574,066 9,654 4,376 5,278 Number of households 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 7,654 6,014

Average households per house 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.1

Population per house* 7.1 8.1 6.3 7.5 5.3

Average household size 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.7

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.20.32.2: Type of Dwelling, Holding and Tenancy Arrangement

Table 1.82 shows that the proportion of houses owned by members of household was 45.0 percent in 2010. The proportion of houses owned by a relative who is not a household member is 24.2 percent while the proportion of dwelling units owned by other private individuals is 27.4 percent. Public or government-owned housing forms only a small proportion, 1.1 percent. The proportion of dwelling units owned by private employers is 1.0 percent. In rural areas, the proportion of dwelling units owned by a household member is higher (57.3%) than in urban areas (35.3%).

Table 1.83: Ownership status of dwelling by sex of household head and type of locality

District Total Male Female Ownership status country Region Total headed headed Urban Rural

Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 7,522 6,146 7,654 6,014 Owned by household member 2,883,236 471,623 6,151 3,284 2,867 2,705 3,446

151

Being purchased (e.g. mortgage) 45,630 13,648 62 36 26 16 46 Relative not a household member 851,630 218,145 3,305 1,711 1,594 1,796 1,509 Other private individual 1,439,021 370,415 3,745 2,207 1,538 2,878 867 Private employer 83,610 20,482 150 127 23 66 84 Other private agency 21,123 5,113 34 16 18 18 16 Public/Government ownership 118,804 22,126 152 110 42 118 34 Other 24,000 4,653 69 31 38 57 12 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

. As shown in Table 1.83, there are 13,668 occupied dwelling units in the district. The compound house is the most common type of dwelling unit in the Sekyere East District. Over half (63.7%) of dwelling units in the district are compound houses. The proportion of dwelling units constituting separate or detached houses was 22.7 percent. Huts/buildings (different compound), tent, improvised home, living quarters attached to office all constitute less than 2 percent of all dwellings. The proportion of separate detached houses is higher in rural (31.9%) than urban localities. Over two-thirds of houses in urban areas are compound houses (70.8%) compared with 54.7 percent in rural areas.

Table 1.84: Type of occupied dwelling unit by sex of household head and type of locality

District

Male Female Total Total headed headed Urban Rural Type of dwelling country Region N % % % % % SEKYERE EAST Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Separate house 1,471,391 266,516 3,101 22.7 22.2 23.3 15.5 31.9 Semi-detached house 391,548 89,485 762 5.6 5.4 5.7 4.3 7.2 Flat/Apartment 256,355 91,227 598 4.4 4.5 4.2 6.6 1.6 Compound house (rooms) 2,942,147 605,025 8,708 63.7 63.8 63.6 70.8 54.7 Huts/Buildings (same compound) 170,957 22,399 212 1.6 2.0 0.9 0.1 3.3 Huts/Buildings (different compound) 36,410 4,176 27 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 Tent 10,343 1,791 18 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 Improvised home (kiosk/containeretc) 90,934 16,304 80 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 Living quarters attached to office/shop 20,499 4,046 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 Uncompleted building 66,624 23,285 130 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.2 Other 9,846 1,951 7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 Source :Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

152

1.20.32.3:Construction Materials Table 1.84 indicates the main construction material for outer walls of dwelling (occupied and vacant) units in the District by type of locality. The main materials for construction of outer walls in the district are Cement blocks/Concrete (67.4%) and Mud brick/Earth (27.4) with the other materials such as wood, metal sheet/slate/asbestos, landcrete, bamboo etc. constituting 5.1 percent. Even though the distribution in the urban and rural areas is same, with Cement blocks/Concrete and Mud brick/Earth dominating, there are more Cement blocks/Concrete dwelling units in urban localities (89.2%) than in rural localities (40.7%). 51.3 percent of dwelling units in the rural areas used Mud brick/Earth for construction. The low usage of cement blocks/concrete for construction between urban and rural areas may be due to the high cost of the material.

Table 1.85: Main construction material for outer wall of dwelling units by type of locality

District Total Urban Rural Total Material for Outer wall country Region N % % % SEKYERE EAST Total 5,817,607 1,169,030 14,531 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mud brick/Earth 1,991,540 250,238 3,984 27.4 8.0 51.3 Wood 200,594 27,438 188 1.3 1.0 1.6 Metal sheet/Slate/Asbestos 43,708 10,549 91 0.6 0.8 0.4 Stone 11,330 2,014 23 0.2 0.2 0.0 Burnt bricks 38,237 7,580 135 0.9 0.3 1.8 Cement blocks/Concrete 3,342,462 840,519 9,800 67.4 89.2 40.7 Landcrete 104,270 19,878 249 1.7 0.3 3.5 Bamboo 8,206 1,381 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 Palm leaf/Thatch (grass)/Raffia 38,054 1,768 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other 39,206 7,665 47 0.3 0.2 0.5 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. As shown in Table1.85main materials for floors of dwellings (occupied dwellings) in the Sekyere East District are largely made of cement or concrete (75.3%). About two in ten houses have floors (22.5%) made of earth or mud. Although cement floors are the most common in both the rural and urban areas, the proportion is higher in the urban (84.7%) than in rural areas

153

(63.3%). 35.3 percent of floors in rural areas are made of earth or mud compared with only 12.4 percent in urban areas.

Table1.86: Main construction material for the floor of dwelling units by type of locality

Region District Total Urban Rural Total Materials for the floor country N % % % Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 Earth/Mud 872,161 164,333 3,076 22.5 12.4 35.3 Cement/Concrete 4,255,611 875,714 10,289 75.3 84.7 63.3 Stone 32,817 8,731 47 0.3 0.2 0.6 Burnt brick 6,537 1,365 4 0.0 0.0 0.1 Wood 52,856 6,032 39 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vinyl tiles 57,032 15,120 51 0.4 0.6 0.0 Ceramic/Porcelain/Granite/Marble tiles 88,500 19,826 77 0.6 0.8 0.2 Terrazzo/Terrazzo tiles 85,973 32,460 63 0.5 0.8 0.0 Other 15,567 2,624 22 0.2 0.1 0.2 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

Roofs of dwellings (Occupied and vacant) in Sekyere East District are mainly made of metal sheets (95.1%) as shown in Table1 86. A little more than one percent (1.1%) use bamboo whiles 0.9 percent use cement/concrete. The situation in the district conforms to the National and Regional distributions with metals sheets constituting 89.6 percent at the regional level and 71.4 percent at the national level. Though metalroofs are the most common in both rural and urban areas, the proportion is slightly higher in urban (96.0%) than in rural areas (94.0%).

Table 1.87: Main construction material for roofing of dwelling unit by type of locality

District Total Total Urban Rural Main Roofing material country Region N % % % Total 5,817,607 1,169,030 14,531 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mud/Mud bricks/Earth 80,644 4,885 80 0.6 0.1 1.1 Wood 45,547 10,933 77 0.5 0.5 0.5 Metal sheet 4,152,259 1,046,820 13,815 95.1 96.0 94.0 Slate/Asbestos 759,039 12,990 117 0.8 1.4 0.1 Cement/Concrete 141,072 36,284 128 0.9 1.1 0.6 Roofing tile 31,456 4,381 6 0.0 0.1 0.0 Bamboo 71,049 13,921 164 1.1 0.1 2.4 Thatch/Palm leaf or Raffia 500,606 33,299 82 0.6 0.2 1.0 Other 35,935 5,517 62 0.4 0.5 0.3 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

154

1.20.32.3 Room Occupancy

The number of rooms occupied by a household is one of the best indicators for assessing how crowded dwelling units in a locality are and the space available per person. There is health and consequent wellbeing implications or both for the household members. As shown in table1.87, more than half of households (58.8%) in the Sekyere East District occupy a single room compared with the regional proportion of 64.5 percent and the national proportion of 54.4 percent. Households with sizes varying from one to five have more than half of their proportions occupying single rooms. 7.5 percent of households with ten or more members live in single rooms.

Table 1.88: Households by size and number of sleeping rooms occupied in dwelling unit

Number of sleeping rooms Nine rooms One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight or Household size Total room rooms rooms rooms rooms rooms rooms rooms more

Total 13,668 100.0 58.8 23.6 9.0 4.3 2.3 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 1 2,470 100.0 92.9 5.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 2 1,669 100.0 76.2 19.8 2.5 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 3 1,754 100.0 71.6 19.7 6.5 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 1,822 100.0 61.2 26.1 8.5 3.0 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 5 1,581 100.0 51.6 32.3 8.8 4.2 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 6 1,355 100.0 43.1 32.7 13.9 6.9 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 7 982 100.0 33.3 35.3 16.2 6.9 4.2 3.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 8 682 100.0 26.1 33.4 20.1 8.9 6.0 2.8 1.2 0.6 0.9 9 481 100.0 17.7 37.0 19.8 12.9 5.6 4.8 1.7 0.0 0.6 10+ 872 100.0 12.2 25.3 20.6 15.1 12.6 6.3 2.4 2.1 3.3 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

1.20.32.4: Access to Utilities and Household Facilities

The nature of household utilities and facilities are indicators that determine the level and quality of life. As society develops, the source of energy used for lighting and cooking as well as the quality of cooking space changes from the use of low quality to improved or modern facilities.

The main source of lightening of dwellings (occupied) is shown in Figure 1.37. The Figure indicates that, the main source of lightening for dwellings in the district is Electricity (63.4%) followed by Flashlight/torch (25.8%) with the remaining sources such as Gas lamp, Candle, firewood, Crop residue, etc. constituting about 10.8 percent.

155

Figure 1.37: Main source of lightening

Firewood Crop residue Other 0% 0% 0% Flashlight/Torch 26%

Candle Solar energy 1% 1% Gas lamp Electricity (mains) 0% 63%

Kerosene lamp 9% Electricity (private generator) 0%

Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census Though electricity mains is the most common source of lightening in both urban and rural localities, the proportion is higher in urban (76.9%) than in rural localities (46.3%). The use of Flashlight/Torch (39.6%) and Kerosene lamps (11.6%) are more common in rural than in urban localities (Table1.88). The picture in rural localities in the district shows that a significant proportion (53.7%) resort to the use of other sources of lightening than electricity mains and this could be attributed to the non-availability of the national grid in some rural communities in the district.

Table 1.89: Main source of lighting of dwelling units by type of locality

District Total Total Urban Rural Main source of light country Region N % % % Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 Electricity (mains) 3,511,065 828,924 8,671 63.4 76.9 46.3 Electricity (private generator) 36,142 6,343 59 0.4 0.6 0.2 Kerosene lamp 971,807 78,756 1,200 8.8 6.5 11.6 Gas lamp 9,378 1,881 18 0.1 0.1 0.2 Solar energy 9,194 1,693 80 0.6 0.0 1.3 Candle 41,214 9,472 65 0.5 0.6 0.3 Flashlight/Torch 858,651 195,345 3,524 25.8 14.9 39.6 Firewood 13,241 1,484 22 0.2 0.2 0.1 Crop residue 4,623 414 6 0.0 0.1 0.0 Other 11,739 1,893 23 0.2 0.1 0.3 Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census.

156

As shown in Table 1.89, the three main sources of energy used for cooking in households in the district are: wood (52.7%), charcoal (29.2%), and gas (10.8%). The proportion of dwelling units where no cooking is done is 6.1 percent which may be a reflection on the number of single- member households. Due to poverty and the availability of wood in rural areas, it is the main source of cooking fuel (85.0) of households compared with 27.3 percent in urban areas. In contrast, charcoal, which is often produced for urban dwellers, is used by 47.2 percent of households in urban areas, and 6.3 percent in rural areas. The use of wood and charcoal as the main sources of fuel has negative implications on the environment in the district.

Table 1.90: Main source of cooking fuel used by households

District Total Total Urban Rural Source of cooking fuel/ country Region N % % % Main source of cooking fuel for household Total 5,467,054 1,126,205 13,668 100.0 100.0 100.0 None no cooking 306,118 91,717 836 6.1 7.4 4.5 Wood 2,197,083 335,439 7,203 52.7 27.3 85.0 Gas 996,518 237,251 1,478 10.8 16.4 3.6 Electricity 29,794 7,952 47 0.3 0.4 0.2 Kerosene 29,868 4,263 35 0.3 0.4 0.0 Charcoal 1,844,290 443,144 3,990 29.2 47.2 6.3 Crop residue 45,292 2,573 33 0.2 0.2 0.2 Saw dust 8,000 1,545 38 0.3 0.5 0.0 Animal waste 2,332 427 6 0.0 0.1 0.0 Other 7,759 1,894 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source 2010 Population and Housing Census

The provision of affordable housing for the people is a national problem and is worse in the Sekyere East District. All categories of workers-civil servants and other public servants, particularly teachers, find it difficult to find accommodation particularly in the smaller settlements. The resultant effect(s) is/are that;

 95% of the workers live at Asokore and Effiduase and commute between their work places and homes.  There is over concentration of people in the twin towns of Asokore and Effiduase.  There is pressure on social facilities like water and sanitation in Effiduase ad Asokore.  In some cases some key workers refuse posting to the district. This affects the performance of the district in its socio-economic development efforts

157

1.20.32.5:Key Development Issues in the Housing Sector

 Low quality of houses especially in rural communities

 Inadequate facilities in houses, like toilet, water, kitchen, bathrooms etc

 Inter-house erosion leading to hanging of buildings especially in the rural communities

 High cost of construction materials

 High rent charges

 Lack of maintenance culture

The District Assembly should collaborate with private developers and the traditional authorities to provide more and decent housing facilities in the district to attract more competent civil and public servants into the district

On inter-house erosion, communities would be educated on the need to control erosion in their communities using simple but appropriate erosion control measures. Communities would be educated to plant trees to serve as windbreaks

1.20.33: Vulnerability Analysis

Vulnerability is a term used to describe exposure to hazards and shocks. People are more vulnerable if they are more likely to be badly affected by events outside their control.

“Vulnerability defines the characteristics of a person or group and their situation that influence their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a hazard.” (Wisner et al, 2004). It involves a combination of factors that determine the degree to which someone’s life, livelihood, property and other assets are put at risk by a discrete and identifiable event (or series or cascade of such events) in nature and society.

1.20.33.1:Dimensions of vulnerability

Social, generational, geographic, economic and political processes influence how hazards affect people in varying ways and with different intensities. Some groups are more prone to damage,

158 loss and suffering in the context of differing hazards. Key variables explaining variations of impact include occupation, ethnicity, gender, disability and health status, ageand the nature and extent of social networks. Changing the social, economic and political factors usually means altering the way that power operates in society. Concern about social protection and in particular, vulnerability and social exclusion has been growing in Ghana with the Sekyere East District being no exception. Experiences of vulnerability and exclusion are invariably intrinsically linked to poverty in the district. It is clear that such condition also stems from denial of rights and entitlements, on account of gender and age discrimination, ethnic politics, unstable environments and disability among others. The poor and vulnerable in the district appear to bear the brunt of free market reforms in the form of inadequate and increased costs of social services, redundancies and income insecurity. This part of the report is to give consideration to poverty level as far as the vulnerable and excluded are concerned.

1.20.33.2: Underlying Causes ofVulnerability inSekyere East District

Several reasons were accounted for the vulnerable and excluded in the district. Local factors such as unexpected loss or shock, failure to manage one’s challenges adequately and periodic or chronic exposure to risk are equally important. These have been summarized as follows:

 Experience of loss on a seasonal or chronic basis, relative to some benchmark of welfare.  Inability of household to respond to risk.

1.20.33.2.1:External factors

i. Exposure to disaster prone environment. ii. Indistinct and discrimination based on gender, age, ethnicity, religion. iii. Institutional incapacities. iv. Crime, evidence and lack of personal safety. v. Spatial barriers-inaccessible areas. 1.20.33.2.2: Endogenous factors

i. Living in state of insecurity. ii. Low livelihood/human capacity. iii. Overdependence on natural resources.

159 iv. Low community participation in decision making.

Table 1.91: Overview of Vulnerability and Exclusion Underlying Trend

GENDER RELATED

Women subordination to men, acceptance of unfair status, low capacity/education, ignorance, sex abuse, domestic violence, relatively limited access to productive assets and exclusion

CHILDHOOD RELATED

Child abuse, malnourishment, neglect, abandonment ,child labor and Streetism

HEALTH RELATED

Six killer diseases HIV/AIDS Physically Challenged Source: field survey, 2014

1.20.33.3:Current State of Vulnerability and Exclusion in Sekyere East District

 Child Trafficking: There is no reported case of child trafficking in the District. However, there is still the belief that some children are brought into the District from other areas, especially by the predominant settler farmers as farm or domestic help.  Child Labour/Street Children: There are a lot of such cases in the District. In the bigger communities like Effiduase, Asokore, Seniagya, where commerce thrive most, in or out of school children are found in such menial jobs as head potters during market days. Also, a great number of them are used as farm hands by parents/ guardians in the farming communities.  Orphans  The Aged  Disaster victims

 Widowed women  People Living with HIV AIDS (PWLHA’S):  Persons with Disabilities:It is known that about 1,620 persons with various disabilities in the district ( 2010 Population and Housing Census)

160

The Department of Social Welfare as one of the decentralized departments has been chargedin the district to champion the course of the vulnerable groups. The vulnerable groups identified inthe district include;  People with disabilities  Children  Elderly  Women  People with HIV/AIDS Vulnerability is gender differentiated. The way women experience vulnerability is many times different to men due to socially constructed gender roles and power relations. Factors, such as lack of access to andcontrol over basic resources and lack of entitlements, amplify women’s vulnerability and undermine their ability to cope with effects of disasters.

Children are also identified in the district as belonging to the vulnerable group. Some children in the district are neglected by their biological parents who fail to send them to school. With the increase in video and game centers in the district, children are found more comfortable at these centers moving from one center to the other. Others also roam about in the community without any care from anybody, not even close relatives. From 2010, cases that have been registered and handled by the Social Welfare Department are indicated in Table 1.91.

Table 1.92 Registered and Handled cases on Children in the District FAMILY CHILD CHILD RECONCI DENIAL OF NO. IN YEAR ARBITRATION TOTAL MAINTENANCE WELFARE LIATION PATERNITY CUSTODY WELFARE 2010 32 39 4 7 12 8 102 2011 10 7 2 4 - 1 24 2012 42 14 1 3 11 2 73 2013 43 17 - - 8 5 73 TOTAL 127 77 7 14 31 16 272 Source: Department of Social Welfare, Effiduase, 2014

In the case of children, key identified development problems include;  Inadequate care, maintenance and supervision of children by their parents  Broken homes

161

 Single parenthood in the case of females  Child delinquency  Lack of juvenile cells for children in conflict with the law.

There are cases of abuse of some women by their husbands, even though such cases are often verbal and psychological. Such cases are mostly reported by women in relation to their children. The cases are brought for settlement and advice if cases need further interrogation.Some problems arise due to the misunderstanding of the different roles of parents. Some children in the district areabused in various ways, like bad treatment from their relatives, step parents and sometimestheir guardians.

1.20.33.4:Key development issues in vulnerability

Some Identified key development problems of the vulnerable in the district include;

 Lack of skill training for the disabled to make them more employable

 Unemployment

 lack of support to set up businesses in the case of those who have already acquiredsome skills through the various workshops organized by the department  Discrimination among disabled persons and People Living with HIV AIDS (PWLHA’S):

 Difficulty in getting life partners

 Stigmatization especially among PWLHA’S

1.20.33.5: Programmes of Associated Institutions of Vulnerable and Excluded

The District Assembly in collaboration with non governmental organizations and the social welfare department of the district would undertake the under-listed interventions;

 Expand the courage of the effectiveness of essential services for poorest groups and geographical areas.  Develop effective and efficient systems that enforce rights and protections, especially for children and women.  Prevent disasters and mitigate their impact on the community.  Provide relief items  Support the Girl-Child

162

 Provide financial support for people with disabilities  Provide jobs especially for the youth and women  Provide support for People Living with HIV AIDS (PWLHA’S) The non-governmental organizations tend to have a strong comparative advantage in responding effectively to the needs of the vulnerable and excluded. Development programmes undertaken;

Direct State Interventions Under:

Department of Social Welfare who perform

 Justice Administration – protects rights of juvenile interventions.  Child Maintenance – seek and protect the welfare of children.  Community Care – visit hospitals and interact with patients.

1.20.34:Disability

Disability as defined by the World Health Organisation is a "restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being". It describes a functional limitation or activity restriction caused by impairment. Disabilities are descriptions of disturbances in function at the level of the person. Examples of disabilities include difficulty in seeing, speaking or hearing; difficulty moving or climbing stairs; difficulty grasping, reaching, bathing, eating, toileting etc.

In planning evidence is needed to make informed decisions on policies and programmes. Understanding the numbers and knowing the characteristics of people with disabilities can help in addressing barriers and provide services that allow people with disabilities to participate more effectively in national development.

1.20.34.1: Population with Disability

As shown in Table 1.92, there are 1,621 persons with some form of disability in the Sekyere East District which constitutes 2.6 percent of the total population of the District. This proportion is the same as the Ashanti Regional proportion (2.6%), but lower than the National proportion (3.0%). The proportion of persons with disability in the District is higher among females (2.7%) than males (2.5%) the same as the National and Regional proportions with females dominating with

163

3.1 percent and 2.7 percent respectively whiles males recorded 2.9 percent and 2.5 percent respectively.

1.20.34.2:Type of Disability

The proportion of persons with disability by type of disability is shown in Figure1.38. The most common type of disability in the Sekyere East District is sight or visual impairment(35.1%) followed by physical disability (29.5%). The distribution of the various types of disability in the District is also quite similar to the National and Regional figures with sight and physical disability dominating. For instance, at the National level, sight and physical disability constitute 40.1 percent and 25.4 percent respectively whereas at the Regional level, sight is 40.2 percent and physical is 25.9 percent.

Figure1.38: Types of disability

Percentages 40.0 35.1 35.0 29.5 30.0

25.0

20.0 15.1 14.3 14.7 15.0 13.0 9.5 10.0

5.0

0.0 Sight Hearing Speech Physical Intellect Emotion Other Types of disability Source: Ghana Statistical Service, 2010 Population and Housing Census. The sex distribution of type of disability shows sight and physical disability dominating with 32.2 percent and 28.2 percent respectively among the male disabled population and 37.6 percent and 30.7 percent respectively among female disabled population. (Table 1.92)

164

1.20.34.2: Distribution by Type of Locality

Table 1.93 shows the proportion of persons in rural and urban localities with disabilities. The proportion of persons with disability is higher among rural localities of the district than in urban localities with 3.2 percent and 2.1 percent respectively. The sex distribution of persons with disability by locality shows the proportion of females with disability in the District is higher than males in both urban and rural localities with 2.3 percent and 3.3 percent respectively. Sight impairment is the most common type of disability among PWDs in both urban (34.9%) and rural (35.3%) areas in the District, followed by physical disability with 31.1 percent in urban areas and 28.3 percent in rural areas. However, the proportion of PWDs with speech disability is higher in rural (15.4%) than in urban (12.7%). The percentage of PWDs with emotional challenges was higher in urban (13.7%) than in rural (12.5%) localities.

Table 1.93 Population by type of locality, disability type and sex Both sexes Male Female Disability Type Number Percent Number percent Number percent All localities Total 62,172 100.0 29,511 100.0 32,661 100.0 Without disability 60,551 97.4 28,780 97.5 31,771 97.3 With disability 1,621 2.6 731 2.5 890 2.7 Sight 569 35.1 234 32.0 335 37.6 Hearing 245 15.1 108 14.8 137 15.4 Speech 231 14.3 111 15.2 120 13.5 Physical 479 29.5 206 28.2 273 30.7 Intellect 239 14.7 118 16.1 121 13.6 Emotion 211 13.0 89 12.2 122 13.7 Other 154 9.5 75 10.3 79 8.9

Table 1.94 Population by type of locality and sex

Both sexes Male Female Disability Type Number Percent Number percent Number percent All localities Total 62,172 100.0 29,511 100.0 32,661 100.0 Without disability 60,551 97.4 28,780 97.5 31,771 97.3 With disability 1,621 2.6 731 2.5 890 2.7

Urban Total 33,620 100.0 15,762 100.0 17,858 100.0

165

Without disability 32,920 97.9 15,467 98.1 17,453 97.7 With disability 700 2.1 295 1.9 405 2.3

Rural Total 28,552 100.0 13,749 100.0 14,803 100.0 Without disability 27,631 96.8 13,313 96.8 14,318 96.7 With disability 921 3.2 436 3.2 485 3.3

1.20.34.3: Disability and Activity

The economic activity status of persons with disability 15 years and older is shown in Table 1.94. From the Table 1.94, 49.3 percent of PWDs in the district are economically active whiles 50.7 percent are economically not active. Out of the economically active PWDs, 95.2 percent are employed whiles 4.8 percent are unemployed.

Among total the employed population (15 years and older) in the district, 1.0 percent have sight disability with the lowest being other forms of disability (0.2%) whilst 0.7 percent of the unemployed population have other forms of disability with the lowest being emotional disability (0.2%). Majority of the economically not active population in the district have physical disability (2.1%).50.0 percent of male PWDs are employed whiles 44.6 percent of females are employed. A greater proportion of PWD females (3.1%) are unemployed than males (1.4%). The proportions among male and female PWDs who are economically not active are 48.6 percent and 52.3 percent respectively.

Table 1.95: Persons 15 years and older with disability by economic activity status and sex

Economically Sex/Disability type All Status Employed Unemployed Not Active Total 36,962 100.0 23,665 100.0 1,523 100.0 11,774 100.0 Without disability 35,607 96.3 23,029 97.3 1,491 97.9 11,087 94.2 With disability 1,355 3.7 636 2.7 32 2.1 687 5.8 Male Total 16,611 100.0 10,753 100.0 595 100.0 5,263 100.0 Without disability 16,025 96.5 10,460 97.3 587 98.7 4,978 94.6 With disability 586 3.5 293 2.7 8 1.3 285 5.4 Female Total 20,351 100.0 12,912 100.0 928 100.0 6,511 100.0 Without disability 19,582 96.2 12,569 97.3 904 97.4 6,109 93.8 With disability 769 3.8 343 2.7 24 2.6 402 6.2 Source : 2010 Population and Housing Census

166

1.20.35:Disaster

The District experience two main disasters, namely, rainstorm and domestic fire.From 2010 up to 2013, the district recorded a total of 183 cases of rainstorm and 15 cases of domestic fire. In the period under review 1,223 people were affected by rainstorm alone, whereas 330 people were also affected by domestic fire.

From the District NADMO Office, apart froma few assistance in the form of roofing sheets,cement,cooking oil, sleeping mats, rice, blankets, sugar, salt, mattresses, secondhand clothing and swan timber distributed to a few affected persons to rehabilitatethem, majority of the affected population could not be rehabilitated due to lack of funds. As adisaster prone district, the Assembly in collaboration with traditional authorities and otherdevelopment partners and the district NADMO office will embark on a number ofprogrammes and activities to lessen and/or prevent the occurrence of disasters in the communities. The programmes and activities will include constant public education,afforestation or tree planting, workshops for community leaders/stakeholders and theorganization of disaster awareness week. In extreme cases of disaster occurrence, affectedvictims will be assisted with building materials and other logistics

Table 1.96: Types and occurrence ofdisaster in the District

Type Rainstorm Domestic Fire No. of Communities House Population No. of Communities House Population Year Cases Affected Affected Affected Cases Affected Affected Affected 2010 10 4 11 80 12 4 8 90 2011 15 4 16 123 6 3 6 75 2012 78 12 78 564 5 5 10 89 2013 80 14 78 456 8 3 5 76 TOTAL 183 34 183 1,223 31 15 29 330 Source: NADMO District Office, Effiduase, 2014 1.20.35:HIV and AIDS Situation in the District

There is an upsurge of HIV/AIDS cases in the district, especially among the youth between the ages of 20 and 30. There is stigmatization and ignorance leading to denial, personal distancing from HIV/AIDS and a perception of low risks to HIV/AIDS. The situation is worsened by the inadequate access to health facilities: poor nature of roads, which makes it difficult for rural people to enjoy health service in urban areas, poor education behavioural change to avoid the

167 spread of HIV/AIDS and inadequate support for PLWHAS and in adequate care for orphans, a situation that increases their vulnerability.

1.20.35.1:Prevalence of HIV and AIDS

HIV/AIDS has been identified as one of the fast rising diseases in terms of prevalence in the district in recent times. The general awareness however is very high. The rate of infection among the age group 20-30 is high. There is therefore a serious behavioral problem within the communities which needs to be corrected.HIV/AIDS Situation in the District

1.20.35.2:Current statistics on HIV testing and counseling (HTC)

During the year under review, the routine testing and counseling recorded fewer cases over the previous years. This was due to frequent shortage of test kits.

A total of 696 people were screened, Out of this, 92 people were positive. All cases were referred for treatment at Juaben Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) Centre.( see Table 1.3, p.11)

1.20.35.3:Key Determinants of HIV/AIDS in the District

The major presumed factors influencing the spread of the disease in the district are: Poverty; Declining moral value and the breakdown in traditional norms; Poor parenting; Funerals; Peer pressure; Traditional belief – Aids caused by ancestral curse on the patient; and Youth attitude to pornographic films, the use of unsterilized machines and deliberate spreading of the disease by HIV victims.

1.20.35.4:Gender and HIV/AIDS Vulnerability

In the Sekyere East District woman have lower access to land, credit and labour. There is also a gender difference in pricing of labour with woman’s labour having a lower value. This contributes to woman earning lower incomes compared to man. Although farming is the predominant economic activity, because of limited access and control over land a high percentage of woman in the district are engaged in commercial activities. Very few ofwomanfarmers are organized into groups, making them unable to access credit. Woman’s participation in decision making at all levels is low. There is also gender-based harassment, violence, rape and discrimination and harmful cultural practices which are against woman, Households dynamics and power relations lead to inability of woman to negotiation safe sex.

168

Low / incomes, poor academic performance of girls in basic and elementary schools due to high involvement in hawking and the nature of livelihoods are all risk factors. Furthermore, illiteracy is high among woman and a large number of them are single-parents -female headed households (68%).

Economic need, inadequate employment opportunities, poor access to education, health and information, low income and income inequality make woman more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection and its impact than man. Rural woman are particularly disadvantaged because of reduced access.

HIV/AIDS tends to worsen the social, economic and cultural inequalities that define woman’s status. Woman bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV/ADIS epidemic because they are the care givers of the aged children and the sick including those infected with HIV/AIDS and children orphaned by the disease.

1.20.35.5:Risk Factors and HIV/AIDS Transmission

The vulnerable and at risk population generally include:

 Apprentice Girls

 Students in 2nd Cycle and Tertiary Institutions

 Widows

 Commercial sex workers

 School dropouts

 Truants

 Wives whose husbands have travelled outside

 Poor and unemployed men and women

 Youth both male and female are particularly vulnerable and at risk due to risky behaviors such as unprotected sex, injecting drugs, commercial sex, children in difficult circumstances, including the under five who are malnourished, victims of child labour, rape, and street children; out of school boys and girls, young girls

 People living with HIV/AIDS including infected persons and families of people living with HIV/AIDS

169

 Disadvantaged woman, particularly single mothers and those suffering from sexual abuse and battery: young woman who have limited empowerment and commercial sex workers (CSW)

 Transient and mobile workers, including migrant workers, itinerant woman traders, commercial vehicle drivers and construction workers.

1.20.35.6:Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges in HIV and AIDS Management

Potentials

 Availability of HIV and AIDS treatment centers  Screening is available  Condom distribution  Availability of some trained counselors  Support from World Vision  Existence of PL HIV Association  Regular contact with PL HIV Association

Opportunities

 Support from National AIDS Control Programme  Support from GETFUND  Support from DFID  Training Programmes by Ghana AIDS Commission

Constraints

 Limited funding

 Lack of planning for HIV/AIDS Activities

 Inadequate trained counselors

 Uncoordinated HIV/AIDS Programmes

 Periodic shortage of test kits

 Limited use of condoms-condoms not at vantage points

170

 Non-existence of ART Centre-AIDS Victims are referred to the ART Centre at Juaben in the Ejisu-Juaben District

Challenges

 Untimely release of funds  Competing programmes  Frequent shortage of some Antiretroviral drugs  Stigmatization

1.20.35.7: Prioritized Interventions

 Increased ANC Services  Infants diagnosis  Establishing ART Centre  Undertaking I E & C  Training of more counselors  Organized more know your status campaign  Formation of adolescent clubs in schools.  Accessing adequate funds for HIV/AIDS programmes and activities.  Properly coordinated HIV/AIDS Programmes/Activities.  HIV/AIDS Stakeholders Quarterly Review Meetings

1.20.36: Gender Analysis

Gender refers to the social construction of female and male identity. It can be defined as more than biological differences between men and women and includes the ways in which those differences, whether real or perceived, have been valued, used and relied upon to classify women and men and to assign roles and expectations to them. It also refers to socially constructed power relations between men and women as social categories in which women are invariably subjected to men.

1.20.36.1: Influence on access to and control over resources

From the 2010 Population and Housing Census, the female population in the district constituted about 52.5 percent and of the men 47.5 percent of the total district population of 62,172. With a projected 2014 district population of 69,263, the total number of males and females is 32,900 and

171

36,363 respectively. The female populationin the district is slightly higher (5 percent) more than the male population.Women in the district like their male counterparts have contributed and continue to contribute to the socio-economic and political development of the district.

1.20.36.2: Gender and the Use of Internet

The 2010 Population and Housing Census as shown in Table 5.1 recorded 2,617 users of internet facilities out of 41,621 population (12 years and older) in the District. This indicates that only 6.3 percent of persons 12 years and older had access to the internet which is lower than the National and Regional proportions of 7.8 percent and 8.9 percent respectively. In terms of sexes, just as at the National and Regional levels, usage of the Internet among males is higher (67.0%) than females (33.0%). Thus, for every two males who used the Internet in the District, one female used the facility.

1.20.36.3: Gender and Household Ownership of Desktop or Laptop Computer

The 2010 PHC recorded 802 households (5.9%) of all households (13,668) in the Sekyere East District who own laptop or desktop computers. This figure is lower than the Regional and National figures of 9.3 and 7.9 percent respectively. Ownership of desktop/laptop computers may be low because of the high cost or that people have access to them in their offices and have no pressing need for them at home. More than two-thirds (71.3%) of households with laptop/desktop computers in the district are headed by males as compared to female headed households (28.7%).

1.20.36.4: Gender, Literacy and Education

The ability to read and write is an essential component for societal development. Hence education has become a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values and attributes that develop the individual’s capabilities for the mutual benefit of society.

There are more female literates (50.6%) than males (49.4%) in the district. Majority of males are literate in English and Ghanaian language (74.7%) with 12.8 percent in Ghanaian language only and the least in English and French (0.2%). About two-thirds of females are literate in English and Ghanaian language (66.1%) followed by 20.7 in Ghanaian language only with the least in English and French (0.1%)

172

Available data indicates that majority of those currently in school are at the primary level (46.4%) followed by 18.5 percent at the JHS/JSS level with the least at the vocational/technical/ commercial level (0.3%). 45.1 percent males currently in school are at the primary level with 19.3 percent at the JHS/JSS level and the least at the vocational/technical/ commercial level (0.3%). Majority of females are at the primary level with the least at the vocational/technical/ commercial level (0.2%).

Among those who attended school in the past, 31.4 percent completed JSS/JHS followed by middle school (31.3%) with 16.1 percent completing primary school. Whiles majority of males who attended school in the past completed middle school (33.1%), majority of their female counterparts completed JSS/JHS (34.3%).

Gender differences in enrolment for formal education have narrowed slightly but continue to persist particularly at higher levels. Dropout rates for boys and literacy rates are still much lower for women than men. The continuing gender imbalance in access to education limits women.s access to employment and productivity. In urban areas, lack of qualifications and narrow range of skillslimits female access to formal employment. In rural areas, lack of female education is likely tolimit farm productivity.

The gender gap in education is unlikely to be adequately tackled by a concentration on education provision in isolation. Factors such as female child labour, domestic and childcareresponsibilities and contraceptive provision to reduce adolescent pregnancy also need to be addressed.

1.20.36.5:Gender and Health

Fertility rate in the district is high (3.83) and there is no clear evidence to suggest that they are in decline. High fertility rates are linked to demographic factors such as early age of first marriage and childbirth. However, economic, social and cultural factors clearly underlie these patterns, particularly women.s relative lack of education and economic opportunities. Unequal gender relations manifest themselves in decision making patterns relating to fertility, which tend to reflect male rather than female preferences.

Data shows that the females start getting married at an early age than the males in the district. For instance at age 15-19 years 6.7 percent of the females are married and 4.5 percent are in

173 informal/consensual union/living together whiles 1.9 percent of the males are married and 1.0 percent in informal/consensual union/living together.

As long as women lack bargaining and decision making powers within sexual relationships, conventional family planning initiatives will have limited success.Greater involvement of men in family planning activities is required and other measures to encourage joint decision making in family planning practice

Women form the majority of HIV/AIDS cases in the district at present, although the proportion is falling. In 2013, the routine testing and counseling recorded fewer cases over the previous years. A total of 696 people were screened, Out of this, 92 people were positive with 57 females and 35 males. Women are extremely vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and other STD infections, because of limits on their control of their sexuality within and outside marriage, and due to exposure to extensive sexual networking via male partners. polygamous and/or promiscuous relationships. Women.s control of their sexuality is limited by socio-cultural expectations, but underlying this are economic imperatives which push some women into sexual exchange for survival, and make women dependent on men for long-term security (particularly property rights for themselves and their children)

1.20.36.6:Gender and the District Economy

Women.s labour participation rates are generally high throughout Ghana and the Sekyere East District is not an exception.The most striking feature, however, is that more women ( 70.1%) are self-employed or work as unpaid labour in agriculture, agro-based enterprises and commerce or small scale manufacturing in the informal sector, in activities with low productivity which on average yield low incomes.

The division of labour in Sekyere East District is highlysex-segregated in both the traditional and modern wage sectors. Only a very small number of women have broken through into modern

174 sector occupations and even fewer into managerialpositions.According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census a slightly higher proportion of males (68.3%) are economically active than females (68.0%). On the other hand, there is slightly higher proportion of economically not active females (32.0%) than males (31.7%). 94.8 percent of males are employed compared to 93.3 percent females There is a high dominance of males (8.9%) in professional occupation than females (4.9%). The service and sales occupation recorded 32.4 percent for females against 9.5 percent of the males. However a slightly higher proportion of males (43.5%) are engaged in skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery than females (41.4%).

In the Sekyere East District 18.1 percent of the population is engaged in commerce. This industry employed almost a quarter of the female population (24.1%) which is more than double theproportion of males (11.0%) employed. The service sector employs 30 percent of the working population.Women predominate in the trading sector, mainly in petty trading, although a small minority of women has gained substantial market power. Most women in commerce are involved in informal, low productivity petty trading and hawking. These activities are strongly concentrated in highly perishable, low profit goods including agricultural produce and traditionally processed goods.Women’s trading activities are hindered by poor infrastructure, bad road conditions, weak marketing channels, limited storage facilities, and lack of other facilities at market places such as water and toilets.

The employment status of males and females in the Sekyere East District indicates that higher proportions of females (70.1%) are self-employed without employee(s) than males (56.7%). Also, approximately a quarter (24.7%) of the males is employees as compared to 10.4 percent of females. 82.2 percent of the employed males as compared to 91.1 percent of employed females belong to the private informal sector. A higher proportion of males (12.0%) are in the public (Government) sector as compared to 6.6 percent of the females.

1.20.36.7: Violence against Women

Violence against women is a subject which has received relatively little public attention in the district and, reflecting this, about which there is little information. However, violence against women is widespread, at institutional, community and domestic levels, taking a variety of forms.

175

1.20.36.8:Political participation and representation

Effiduase women like any Ghanaian woman are effectively under the control or authority of men (initially their father or other male members of their kin group and later their husband) for much of their lives, although they may gain in status and influence with age. As a result, women’s decision making role is constrained in both private and public spheres,markedly so with people of the northern extraction. However, where women do exercise political power, in the traditional framework, it is largely in parallel structures or by influencing male authorities On the political scene, women in the district are not left out, though they are in the minority. Out of the total of forty (40) Assembly members in the district, only 7 (17.5 percent) are women, while thirty-three (82.5 percent) are men. Of the 7 Assembly women 4 are elected and 3 appointees. Since the creation of the district no woman has ever been appointed as a District Chief Executive or elected as a Presiding Member. Currently, there is a male Member of Parliament. None of the chairpersons of the four Area/Urban Councils is a woman.Again none of the 26 Unit Committee chairpersons is a woman. The political scene is a male dominated area and therefore limits women who are in the majority in decision making. Again, of the five statutory sub-committees of the assembly none has its chairperson to be a woman

More men are in higher positions in the district than the females. However, the impact of women activities in the district in areas of farming, commerce, trading and others is tremendous and commendable.

1.20.36.8: Identified key gender issues in the district

 High illiteracy rate among the youth, particularly those in the rural areas.  Lack of employable skills  Women are highly under-represented in formal sector  Relative to men, women generally have limited access to formal credit  Continuing gender imbalance in access to education  High birth rate  Child neglect  Teenage pregnancy  Single parenthood among women (about 69 percent) in the district.  Low participation of women in decision making

176

1.20.36.9: Key Interventions

 Female economic groups in the district should be assisted to access credit to develop their businesses  There is a need to promote female enrolment in non-traditional vocational/technical education at post primary level in order to broaden their economic opportunities.  Factors such as female child labour, domestic and childcareresponsibilities and contraceptive provision to reduce adolescent pregnancy also need to be addressed.  More female participation in the District Assembly concept must be encouraged.  The girl-child education sponsorship programme in the district must be continued to encourage more girls to attend and complete tertiary institutions.  The youth should be empowered through education and training in employable skills through the collaboration between the Assembly, traditional authorities, parents/ guardians and development partners  Child panel should be established, well equipped and supported to protect and promote the welfare of children in the district.

1.20.37:Environment, Climate Change and Green Economy

The district is endowed with immense natural resources in the form of arable land and forests. The total arable land in the district is about 8,300 hectares, representing about 0.014 percent of the regional total of 960,000 hectares. The exploitation of arable land in the district to meet socio-economic needs of the people has adversely affected the fragile environment. Uncontrolled bush burning, particularly in the smaller settlements is fast threatening the bio-diversity, thus putting the fertility of the soil at risk and reducing potential resources for future generations as the vegetation is fast degenerating into secondary forest and derived savannah. Large scale clearing of watersheds, particularly around Nkwankwanua, Seniagya, Effiduase and Asokore is one of the major causes of dwindling rainfall and consequent effect on acute water supply, especially during the dry season. Logging in the district is another serious threat to the environment. The destruction of farm lands coupled with the removal of both larger and smaller trees around Effiduase, Ahinsan, Asokore, Ntumkumso and Nkwankwanua has also destroyed the forest eco-system. Sand winning is also extensively done in the district. The destructions caused by this activity to the environment are extensive

177

Economically, the alarming rate at which bio-diversity is lost calls for action, to arrest the situation for the present and the future generations to benefit.

The phenomenon of environmental degradation is now a serious problem in the District. Besides, the use of improper methods of farming which exposed the soils to erosion, people have continued to harvest forest resources indiscriminately thus degrading the environment. The problem associated with the soil types is that because of the torrential rains which are experienced in this area, the soils are easily leached of their nutrients. Soil erosion over the mountain slopes is also a problem since the vegetation cover has to be removed before crops are cultivated. Hence, infertility of the soil is gradually becoming a serious problem.

A Green Economy is a clean, environmentally friendly economy that promotes health , wealth and well-being. A Green Economy is dependent on sustainable development-which means growing our economies in ways that benefit, not sacrifice, social justice and equity as well as the environment. The idea is to serve the needs of the present without threatening the quality of life of future generations. Building a Green Economy is not about throwing out the old system and starting from the scratch, its about making choices according to the full cost-not just the financial cost-of any and all activities.

1.20.37.1:The key environmental issues include

 Deforestation  Land degradation  Flooding  Soil erosion  Water Pollution  Poor waste management practices  Drying up of streams

Notably, the total and cumulative effect of all these practices is being manifested in changes in the climate variable over the years.

There is evidence that about thirty years ago, portions of the district that were in fact thick and luxuriant forest have gradually been degraded and depleted to almost savanna with plant species

178 called “acheampong”, and rivers that were flowing all year round have almost become seasonal and intermittent.

Other issues in the green economy include:

 Inefficient use of energy  Most residents not aware of climate change and variability issues  Educational and health infrastructure not favourable to the physically challenged  Building on unapproved areas  High post harvest losses  Low internal revenue generation  Low capacity of some assembly staff  Budget not gender sensitive

1.20.37.2: Interventions to Address Environment, Climate Change and Green Economy

Measures would be put in place to address these issues. The measures would include among others:

 Undertake afforestation programme to mitigate the reduction of the forest cover  Undertake tree planting in communities to reduce inter-house erosion and to serve as wind breaks  Conduct public education on the need to protect water bodies  Undertake educational campaigns on proper waste management practices like separation of waste and community level reuse and recycling of waste, for example feeding of sheep with cassava and plantain peels  Promote rain harvesting in houses and public buildings  Educate the populace on the use of energy saving bulbs  Intensify public education on the dangers of building on water ways  Promote climate change education  Educational and health infrastructure would be designed and constructed to with stand climatic hazards and friendly the physically challenged  Build the capacity of the of Assembly staff

179

 Improve on internal revenue generation by writing project proposals and undertaking PPP arrangements to undertake more projects

1.20.38:Water Security

Water security is defined as the capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water- related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability. (UN- Water, 2013) Water security encapsulates complex and interconnected challenges and highlights water’s centrality for achieving a larger sense of security, sustainability, development and human well- being. Many factors contribute to water security, ranging from biophysical to infrastructural, institutional, political, social and financial – many of which lie outside the water realm. In this respect, water security lies at the centre of many security areas, each of which is intricately linked to water. It is safe to state that investment in water security is a long-term pay-off for human development and economic growth, with immediate visible short-term gains. 1.20.38.1:Water Resources

The District is generally endowed with water resources, although the amount of water available changes markedly from season to season and year to year. Rivers like Oworam, Gyemire and Subiri run through the district. Improper use of agro-chemicals and increasing urbanization has led to increasing effluent discharges deteriorating water quality.

Soil erosion caused by poor agricultural practices is causing increased sediment loads in rivers and high levels of suspended particulates. Water resources could be adversely impacted by the projects and programmes in various ways. Most of the people in the district rely on ground water resources.

1.20.38.2:Water-Related hazards Water-related hazards form a subset of natural hazards; the most significant ones include floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and waterborne diseases. Water-related disasters pose both direct impacts (e.g. damage to buildings, crops and infrastructure, and loss of life and property) and

180 indirect impacts (e.g. losses in productivity and livelihoods, increased investment risk, indebtedness and human health impacts).

Majority of households in the district have their main source of drinking water to be Borehole/Pump/Tube well (49.0%) followed by Pipe-borne outside dwelling (19%) and Public tap/Standpipe (11.7%). 20.3 percent use other sources such as Bottled water, Unprotected spring, rain water etc. About 94.2 percent of households in the district patronize improved sources of drinking water while 5.8 percent patronize unimproved sources. The majority of urban households (27.7%) use pipe-borne outside dwelling as their main source of drinking waterwhiles majority of rural households (78.4%) use Borehole/Pump/Tube well.

5.7 percent of the households in the district do not use an improved source of drinking water- streams, unprotected wells and tanker supplies. In the district, 94.3% of the population uses an improved source of drinking-water while 10.1 percent of households in occupied dwelling units have no toilet facilities and resort to the bush, or field as places of convenience .Safe drinking water and adequate sanitation services is vital to human health. It also acknowledged that clean drinking water and sanitation are essential to the realization of all human rights. There is therefore the need for the District Assembly to partner Development Partners to provide financial resources, help capacity-building, and provide safe, clean, accessible and affordable drinking water and sanitation for all communities Access to potable water in the district has not kept pace with rapid population growth, particularly in the major settlements such as Effiduase, Asokore, Senchi, Ahinsan, Okaikrom and Nkwankwanua. In the urban communities like Effiduase and Asokore people queue for water.

1.20.38.3:Water Quality Sufficient water supply of appropriate quality is a key ingredient in thehealth and well-being of humans and for social and economic development. . However, water quality is just as important as water quantity for satisfying basic human and environmental needs. Moreover, the two are inextricably linked, with poor water quality impacting water quantity in a number of ways. For example, polluted water that cannot be used for drinking, bathing, industry or agriculture may effectively reduce the amount of water available for use in a given area. In the district because of the intermittent flow of water people store water in gallons, buckets, drums etc. These containers are not frequently cleaned and thereby negatively affecting the quality of water

181

1.20.38.4:Water for Food

The link between water and food is a simple one. Crops and livestock need water to grow. Agriculture accounts for 70% of all water withdrawn by the agricultural, municipal andindustrial (including energy) sectors. Water is the key to food security. However, in the district crops are not grown throughout the year because of inadequate irrigation facilities. Login

1.20.38.5:Key development issues in Water Security

 Pollution, drying up and dwindling of water bodies  Poor quality of water due to handling and storage by households  Poor management of water resources  Non-performance WATSAN Committees  Presence of water related hazards like drought, rainstorm, flooding and water borne diseases like bilharzias  Low water coverage in both rural and urban communities  Shortage of safe drinking water especially during the dry season  Intermittent flow of water due to power outages and load shedding

1.20.38.6:Interventions to Address Issues in Water Security

The key issues in water security will be addressed by the Assembly and its Development Partners. Some interventions that would be implemented during the planned period would include:  Public education on the need to protect water bodies  Conduct public education on proper handling and storage of water  Building the capacities of WATSAN Committees to enable them manage the water facilities well  Providing more boreholes in both rural and urban communities  Promote the use of small scale irrigation pumps for all year cropping

182

1.20.39: Development Indicators of the District

Indicators to measure the current level of development of the district have been identified and presented as the baseline for the DMTDP. Positive changes in these indicators over a time period after the implementation of development interventions will mean that the Assembly is making progress towards improving the lives of the people.

On the other hand, a negative downturn of these indicators will also be a call for caution and a challenge for much more interventions to be put in place. The development indicators compiled for the district are cross-cutting, from demographic to social and economic issues. Table 1.96 highlights the development indicators for the district.

Table 1.97: Development Indicators of the District

Development Indicator Sekyere East District Population 69,263 Population Density 94.8 persons/sq km Dependency Ratio 1; 0.82 Average Household Size 4.5 Percentage of population in Agriculture 43% Percentage of population in Services 30% Percentage of population in Commerce 18.1% Percentage of population in Manufacturing 8.9% Under 5 Mortality/1000 live births 3/1000 Maternal Mortality Ratio 5/100,000 Percentage of skilled deliveries 74.4% District Mutual Health Insurance Coverage 80% Gross Primary School Enrollment Ratio KG 137.9% Primary 107.5% JHS 105.2%

Percentage of Trained Teachers

183

KG 48.4% Primary 64.9% JHS 86.0% Pupil/Student – Teacher Ratio KG 22:1 Primary 24:1 JHS 4:1 Net Enrolment Rate KG 105.8% Primary 94.0% JHS 53.4% Net Admission Rate Primary 48.8% JHS 12.0% Gender Parity Index KG 0.96 Primary 0.97 JHS 0.98 Population with access to Portable Water 50.1 Population with access to improved Sanitation Facilities 29.1 Population with access to Electricity 98% Length of feeder roads improved 59 km Teledensity/Penetration Fixed Line 0.3 Mobile 47.9 Police Citizen Ratio 1 : 1443 Amount of Internally Generated Fund Collected GH¢230,011.76 Source: DPCU Compilation; September,2014

184

1.20.40: Eliciting Community Perspective on Development Issues and Aspirations

The development issues and aspirations for the District were arrived at following the under-listed planning activities:

 Performance Review of the MTDP (2010-2013);

 Compilation of the Profile/Current Situation analysis of the District; and

 Interface between communitiesand technocrats in communities’ fora where communities’ needs assessment and aspirations were undertaken.

The identified issues have been grouped under the thematic areas of the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA, 2014-2017) as indicated below:

Table 1.98: Development Issues under Ensuring and sustaining macroeconomic stability) Key Issues Needs/Aspirations - Low IGF generation - Train Revenue Collector in - Poor expenditure management improved revenue collection methods - Overdependence on external sources of funding( DACF, - Strengthen tax force DDF. - Enhance Assembly’s expenditure - Unwillingness of rate payers to pay tax management - Inadequate tax education. . Intensify Tax education - Lack of logistics like motors and bicycles to improve - Provide adequate logistics to mobility of revenue collectors. revenue collectors - Inability of Sub-districts to collect ceded revenue items -

185

Table1.99: Development Issues under Enhanced Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector Issues Needs/Aspirations - Limited access to credit facilities to - Facilitate entrepreneurs’ access to private entrepreneurs. credit facilities. - Limited use of improved technologies - Facilitate entrepreneurs’ access to - Inadequate market for products improved technologies - Low quality of products - Conduct training for Small/Micro - Low support for Local Economic enterprises Development activities - Support Local Economic Development - Inadequate support for BAC activities - Non-availability of job opportunities - Provide support to BAC - Lack of employable skills among the - Facilitate the development of youth employable skills among the youth - Train the youth in employable skills

Table 1.100:Development Issues under Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Sustainable Natural Resource Management)

Key Issues Needs/Aspirations - Low agricultural production - Conduct training for farmers - Inadequate access to credit facilities for farmers -Facilitate farmers access to credit - Limited capacity of agriculture extension. Facilities - Rain-fed agriculture -Improve agriculture extension capacity - High post-harvest losses -Provide small scale irrigation pumps - High cost of farm inputs including labour -Improve farmers’access toimproved post- - Lack of ready market for agriculture produce harvest technologies.

Natural Resource Conservation and Management - Bush fires - Strengthen anti-bush fire campaigns - Indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals - Strengthen education on the use of agro- - Deforestation chemicals - Drying of water bodies - Encourage agro-forestry - High dependence of charcoal and firewood - Undertake tree planting/

186

- Limited knowledge of climate change and - Educate communities on the use of impact charcoal and firewood - Illegal logging of trees by chainsaw operators - Sensitize users of land on the negative - Soil erosion/Impoverished soils effect of their activities on climate - Pollution of water bodies change - Rain storm, flooding and drought - Improve farmers access to good farming practices - Adopt flood control measures

- Educate communities on the effect of water pollution - Cultivate drought resistant crops

Table 1.101: Development Issues under Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlement Key Issues Needs/Aspirations Limited access to electricity Expand and Extend electricity in communities Limited street lighting system Provide Street lights Deplorable condition of road Rehabilitate roads Inadequate access to urban communities. - Provide access roads in urban communities Irregular maintenance of feeder roads - Undertake regular maintenance of feeder roads Inadequate market infrastructure. Construct/rehabilitate markets - Provide ICT facilities in schools and offices Inadequate use of ICT in offices and schools -Prepare planning schemes for settlements

-Conduct education on haphazard development

Haphazard development

Non-enforcement of planning and building Organize quarterly Statutory Planning Committee Meetings regulation

- Non-functioning of Statutory Planning Facilitate the posting of substantive Physical Planning Officer Committee

- Lack of substantive Physical Planning Officer Enforce building codes Support NADMO to procure relief items

187

Construct/rehabilitate public latrines Promote the use of household toilets Non-enforcement of building codes

Low capacity of NADMO Conduct public education on good hygiene practices Low toilet facility coverage

High Dependence on public toilets Construct drains and clean choked gutters Provide an engineered landfill sites Poor hygiene practices including hand washing Provide solid waste containers with soap Construct and rehabilitate boreholes Poor drainage system Build the capacities of WATSAN Committees Poor final disposal of solid and liquid waste

Low water coverage Poor performance WATSAN Committees

Table 1.102: Development Issues under Human Development, Productivity and Employment - Dilapidated and congested classrooms - Construct and rehabilitate classrooms - Poor academic performance of basic - Conduct mock exams for JHS Students schools. - Inadequate teaching materials. - Provide adequate teaching materials - Inadequate ICT Facilities in schools - Provide ICT facilities in basic and - Inadequate accommodation for teachers secondary - Lack of Libraries - Construct accommodation blocks for - Lack of sanitary facilities in schools teachers - Inadequate support for brilliant but - Construct Libraries for schools needy students - Provide sanitary facilities for schools - Inadequate health facilities eg.CHPS - Provide financial support for brilliant Compound students - Inadequate nurses quarters - Construct CHPS Compounds - Inadequate support for HIV/AIDS - Construct Nurses Quarters activities - Provide adequate support for District Response Initiative ( DRI)

188

Table 1.103: Development Issues under (Transparent and Accountable Governance Key Issues Needs/Aspirations Poor performance of sub-district structure Strengthen the capacity of Sub-district structures Inadequate office and residential Provide office and residential accommodation for accommodation for security personnel security personnel and staff of Assembly Inadequate residential accommodation for Departments staff of Assembly Departments Provide adequate and reliable database for socio- Inadequate and reliable database for economic development planning, revenue mobilization and budgeting

1.20.41: Harmonization of Community Needs with Key Development Issues of GSGDA 1

The Harmonization of Community Aspirations with the Key Issues of the GSGDA1 taking into consideration the seven thematic areas of the GSGDA. These are:

 Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic stability  Enhancing competiveness in the private sector  Accelerated Agricultural modernization and sustainable natural resource management  Oil and gas development  Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlements  Human development productivity and employment  Transparent and accountable governance

189

Table 1.104:Harmonization of Community Needs and Aspirations with Identified Development Issues of GSGDA 1

Identified development GSGDA 1 problems /gaps /issues Ensuring and Enhancing Accelerated Oil and gas Infrastructure Human Transpar Sustaining competiveness Agricultural development and Human development ent and Macroeconom in the private modernization Settlements productivity accounta Avera ic stability sector and and ble ge Community Needs and sustainable employment governan Score Aspirations natural ce resource management

1.Training of youth in employable 2 2 2 0 1 2 1 0.6 skills 2 Provision of credit to 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 0.6 micro/small enterprises 3 Provision of credit to farmers 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 0.6 4 Provision of small scale 1 2 2 0 2 2 2 0.6 irrigation pumps 5 Provision of health facilities e.g. 1 2 2 0 2 2 1 0.6 CHPS compounds 6 Construction/Rehabilitation of 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 0.6 public toilets. 7 Construction/Rehabilitation of 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 0.6 classrooms 8 Construction of Libraries 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 0.6 9 Provision and extension of 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 0.7 electricity/street lights 10 Rehabilitation/Reshaping of 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 0.6 roads 11 Provision of teachers 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0.5 accommodation 12 Provision of access roads 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 0.6 (Town Roads)

190

13 Construction/Rehabilitation of 2 2 2 0 2 1 1 0.6 markets 14 Provision of refuse containers 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 0.6 15 Strengthening the capacities of 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 0.8 sub-district structures 16 Construction and 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 0.6 Rehabilitation of water facilities Total number of Community Needs and Aspirations identified =16 Source: Community Needs Assessment, Effiduase, 2014

Key

Scoring Definition Score Strong Relationship 2 Weak Relationship 1 No Relationship 0

From the above analysis it could be seen that there is a strong harmony between the identified community needs and aspirations and the key development gaps/issues under GSGDA 1

191

CHAPTER TWO

Development Priorities

2.1 Introduction

The GSGDA 11 has seven thematic areas. This chapter captures the prioritized key development issues identifiedin chapter one of this plan and linked to the corresponding thematic areas. This is to enable the District Assembly identify the relevant thematic areas that the planned programmes and projects would be aligned within the planned period. The key development issues were not only linked to the thematic areas but also to the key issues under the thematic areas of the GSGDA 11

Table 2.1: Harmonized Identified Development Issues Outlined Under the Various Thematic Areas of the GSGDA 2010-2013.

Harmonized Key Development Issues under GSGDA Thematic Area 2010-2013  Low level of internally generated funds Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability

 Low support for LED implementation Enhancing the Competiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector  Inadequate agricultural inputs, credit, and Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and extension services Sustainable Natural Resource Management  Inadequate and poor road network  Inadequate market facilities  Inadequate supply of electricity Infrastructure and Human Settlements  Poor environmental sanitation  Inadequate water and sanitation facilities  Lack of development planning schemes for settlements  Inadequate health facilities( health centres and nurses quarters  Poor academic performance at both

192

primary and junior high schools  Inadequate classroom facilities pre and Human Development, Productivity and basic schools Employment  Inadequate accommodation for teachers  Dormant SMCs and PTAs in schools development  Lack of employable skills for the youth  Low community participation in decision-making Transparent and Accountable Governance  Non-functioning of sub-structures

Table 2.2:Adopted Issues of the NMTDPF 2014-2017 Linked To The Harmonized Issues of the GSGDA 2010-2013

THEMATIC AREA ADOPTED DEVELOPMENT ISSUES HARMONIZED ISSUES 2010-2013 ENSURING& Leakages in revenue mobilization. Low level of internally generated SUSTAINING funds MACROECONOMIC STABILITY. ENHANCING Inadequate managerial and technical Low support for LED implementation COMPETITIVENESS OF skills. GHANA PRIVATE SECTOR. Poor entrepreneurial culture.

AGRICULTURAL Limited access to extension services, Inadequate agricultural inputs, credit, MODERNIZATION AND especially by woman agriculture and extension services SUSTAINABLE operators. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. Inadequate access to appropriate financial products.

Low application of technology especially among small holder farmers leading to comparatively lower yields

193

NMTDPF 2014-2017 Thematic Adopted Development Issues of Harmonized Issues 2010-2013 Area NMTDPF 2014-2017 INFRASTRUCTURE, Poor quality and inadequate road ENERGY AND HUMAN transport networks SETTLEMENT Inadequate and poor road network Early deterioration of road networks

Inadequate access to quality and affordable water.

Lack of maintenance of water Inadequate water and sanitation systems facilities

. Inadequate access to environment Inadequate sanitation facilities sanitation facilities.

Poor disposal of waste.

Poor hygiene practices and Poor environmental sanitation inadequate hygiene education

Inadequate and obsolete electricity grid network Inadequate supply of electricity Unreliable power supply

Ineffective and inefficient spatial/land Lack of development planning use planning and implementation particularly in the urban areas schemes for settlements

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, Inadequate and inequitable access Poor academic performance at PRODUCTIVITY AND particularly after the basic level and EMPLOYMENT for persons with special needs both primary and junior high schools Poor quality of teaching and learning especially at the basic level Inadequate classroom facilities

pre and basic schools untrained teachers at the basic Inadequate accommodation for

teachers Dormant SMCs and PTAs in schools development

Huge gaps in geographical and Inadequate health facilities( financial access to quality health care 194

(e.g. urban and rural as well as rich health centres and nurses quarters and poor

TRANSPARENT AND Weak leadership and managerial Low community participation in ACCOUNTABLE capacity at MMDA level GOVERNANCE decision-making Non-functioning sub-district Non-functioning of sub-structures structures

Table 2.3: Prioritization/Ranking of District Needs and Aspirations

TOTAL DISTRICT LEVEL RANKING DISTRICT 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th WEIGHTED LEVEL SCORE COMMUNITY/DISTRICT NEEDS 6 5 4 3 2 1 RANKING

5th Provision of Health Facilities eg. CHPS Compound 3 5 3 6 - 2 55 (18) (1) (12) (18) (2)

I 1 10th Provision of Community Centres - - 1(4) - (2) (1) 7

5 16 6 2 2 1st Construction /Rehabilitation of Public Toilets. - 144 (30) (80) (24) (6) (4) th Construction /Rehabilitation of Educational 6 2 4 - 1 - 64 4 Infrastructure (36) (10) (16) (2) 1 1 2 3 3 - 34 th Provision and Extension of Electricity (6) (5) (8) (9) (6) 7 4 4 2 5 6 1 3rd Rehabilitation/Reshaping of Roads/Access Roads (4) 78 (24) (10) (20) ( 18) (2)

2 4 1 1 2 - 39 th Provision of Teachers Accommodation (12) (20) (3) (2) (2) 6 9 6 7 6 4 - 138 nd Provision of Water Facilities (54) (30) (28) (18) (8) 2 1 6 3 - 8th Construction /Rehabilitation of Market - - 29 (5) (18) (6)

2 - - - - - 4 12th Provision of Streetlights (4)

1 1 - 1 3 - 14 th Provision of Refuse Containers (5) (4) (2) (3) 9

- - - - - 2 4 th Provision of ICT Centres 12 (4)

195

Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges (POCC) Analysis

After the identification of the key development problems/issues, the potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges of the district to address these problems have been analyzed. (See table 2.5)

Table 2.4: Matrix of development potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges

2.4.1: Ensuring and Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue

Low IGF  Availability of  Large volume  Inadequate data on  Inability of the generation revenue collection of goods and revenue items Assembly to staff services recruit permanent entering the  Low public revenue  Availability of district education on collectors more revenue payment of taxes collection items  Uncommitted  Inadequate revenue involvement of the collection staff public in fee fixing resolutions

 Low motivation for revenue collectors

Conclusion:Improving the level of internally generated fund is a feasible programme. Potentials and opportunities exist to promote the programme. Constraints can be addressed by developing synergies in the programme design. Challenges can be managed through dialogue with the MLG&RD, educating and motivating the revenue collection staff.

196

2.4.2Enhancing Competitiveness in the Private Sector

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue

Low support for  District chosen as  Support from  Perception of LED  Gov’t policy LED activities pilot for LED REP and implementation as direction programme institute of the responsibility Local Gov’t of the central  Politicization of  Office Studies government issues accommodation for LED programme  Lack of socio-  Limited economic data knowledge of  Existence of local leaders of the businesses Assembly about LED

Conclusion:Implementation of LED in the District is a laudable programme. Potential exist in the District to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed by training/re-orientation of stakeholders. Challenges can be managed through discussions and dialogue with stakeholders

2.4.3: Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Sustained Natural Resource Management

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Inadequate  Existence of  GOG Support  Non functional  Untimely release agricultural input, DADU office FBOs of funds credit and  Support from extension services  Existence of FBOs Development  Lack of education  Rigid conditions Planners on micro credit attached to  Existence of management loans/credit financial institutions/non-  Inability of FBOs bank institutions to pay back loans

 Existence input outlets

Conclusion: Giving credit to farmers is a feasible project. Significant potentials and opportunities exist to support the scheme. Constraints can be addressed by mobilizing and training the farmer groups. Challenges can be managed through dialogue with the financial and non-financial institutions

197

2.4.4: Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlements

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Deplorable road  Existence of Dept  Support from  Presence of many  Inadequate/late condition of Feeder Roads Government rivers/streams and release of funds and other thick vegetation by the government  Possession of Dev’t partners cover grader machine by the Assembly Conclusion: Construction/rehabilitation of roads is a viable project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed through synergies in the programme design. Challenges can be managed through stakeholders dialogue Inadequate market  Availability of  Support from  Difficulty in  Inadequate/late facilities land and local DACF ,DDF, moving traders release of funds building materials and other from old markets development to new market partners

Conclusion: Construction and rehabilitation of market facilities is a viable project. Significant potentials and opportunities exist to support the projects. Constraints can be addressed by mobilization and educating the people. Challenges can be managed by mobilizing enough financial resources. Limited access to  Existence of ECG  Contributions  Absence of  Delay in the electricity Office from citizens development release of funds  Willingness of the outside the schemes for people to district settlements contribute funds  DACF, support

Conclusion: Supply of electricity to communities is a viable project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed through the preparation of development planning schemes for settlements. Challenges can be managed by mobilizing human and enough financial resources Poor  Existence  Support from  Inadequate  Inadequate/late environmental Zoomlion DACF, DDF education on release of funds sanitation  Existence of environmental environmental cleanliness. health unit  Low IGF

Conclusion:Supporting sound environmental sanitation management is a laudable programme. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed by educating and mobilizing the people. Challenges can be managed through discussions with government and development partners.

198

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Low water  Existence of  Support from ,  Low water table  Spell of drought coverage DWST and DACF, DDF WATSAN CWSA etc  Poor water  Absence of  Willingness of facilities aquifer in the community management by rock structure members to communities contribute  Low water yield funds  Inadequate funds  Delays in release  Support from of funds NGOs, EG, World Vision International Conclusion: Potable water supply is a laudable project. Significant potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed through appropriate strategies and projects design. Challenges can be managed through stakeholders dialogue Haphazard  Existence of  Support from  Low IGF  Low interest of development Physical development  Lack of bye- estate Planning Dept. partners laws on estate developers  DA support development  Existence of statutory planning Committee  High interest of Traditional authorities Conclusion: Preparation of development planning schemes for settlements is a feasible project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by giving education to the people. Challenges can be overcome through dialogue with estate Developers, traditional authorities and other development partners. Inadequate  Availability of  Support from  Low level of  Inadequate residential land and local DACF, GET internally funding accommodation building FUND generated funds for Staff of materials  Low interest Assembly  Support from estate Departments WVI developers. Conclusion: Housing for workers is a feasible project. Significant potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constrains can be addressed by mobilizing enough funds. Challenges can be managed through discussions with donor and estate developers for support

199

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Low toilet facility  Existence of  DACF C and  Lack of interest  Inadequate/late coverage DWST DDF support in acquiring release of funds /WATSAN  PPP household  Availability of arrangements toilets land,  Inability of the  High communal Assembly to labour spirit raise local  Willingness of funds the people to contribute funds Conclusion: Provision of household and public toilet facilities is a feasible project. Potentials and opportunities exist in the District to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by educating and mobilizing the people. Challenges can be managed through discussions with development partners.

2.4.5: Human Development, Productivity and Employment

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Inadequate health  Availability of  Support from  Inadequate staff  Delays in posting facilities land DACF, DDF and equipment health staff and NGOs  High communal  Poor road network  Delays in the spirit among the  Existence of release of funds people GYEEDA

 Availability of building materials

Conclusion: Provision of health facilities is a laudable project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by mobilizing resources both material and human. Challenges can be overcome through dialogue with donors

Poor academic  Availability of  Support from ,  Teachers refusing  Delays in the performance at land and building DACF and postings to rural release of funds both Primary and materials DDF areas Junior High School  Low interest of levels  Existence of SMCs  Supply of Text  Inadequate library parents in and PTAs books/teachin facilities in schools education g and learning  Existence of materials  Long walking DEOC distances to school by both pupils and  Existence of

200

committed teachers teachers

Conclusion:Ensuring high academic performance at the basic school is a laudable project. Potentials and opportunities exist in the district to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by mobilizing and educating the people. Challenges can be overcome through dialogue with stakeholders

Dilapidated and  Existence of DEOC  Support from  Poor maintenance  Inadequate funds congested DDF, DACF culture classrooms  Availability of land and other and building development  Low interest of materials partners community members in the  DA support development of education

Conclusion: Provision of adequate classroom facilities for pre-and basic schools is a viable project. Potentials and opportunities exist in the district to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by educating communities to show much interest in the development of schools in their area. Challenges can be overcome through dialogue with stakeholders Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Inadequate  Availability of land  Support from  Low level of  Inadequate funds accommodation for and building GETFUND, internally teachers materials DDF, DACF generated funds  DA support etc  Low interest of  Existence of NGOs estate developers

Conclusion: Construction of accommodation for teachers in the district is a laudable project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by mobilizing resources, both human and material. Challenges can be over come through dialogue with estate developers and donors Inadequate  Availability of land Support from  Low level of Inadequate funds accommodation and building DDF, DACF internally for health staff materials etc generated funds  DA support  Low interest of  Existence of NGOs estate developers Conclusion: :Construction of accommodation for health staff in the district is a laudable project. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the project. Constraints can be addressed by mobilizing resources, both human and material. Challenges can be over come through dialogue with estate developers and donors Lack of  Existence of  Support from  Low IGF  Lack of employment skills GYEEDA DACF, NYEP academic for the youth  A pool of unskilled etc qualifications youth  Existence of  High school masters trades dropout rate

201

men/women

Conclusion: Training the youth in employable skills is a feasible programme. Potentials and opportunities exist in the District to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed by encouraging the youth to read technical/vocational programmes at SSCE/WASSCE level. Challenges can be overcome through counseling the youth

Non-availability of  Existence of  Government  High school  Low academic job opportunities GYEEDA youth dropouts qualification  DA support employment  High population among the youth  Existence of banks policy growth rate  Low bank loan to offer credit to  Support from recovery rate people to do development business partners

Conclusion: Providing jobs/employment for the people is a laudable programme. Potentials and opportunities exist in the district to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed by encouraging the youth to attend school and to perform well. Challenges can be overcome through stakeholders dialogue

2.4.6: Transparent and Accountable Governance

Key development Potentials Opportunities Constraints Challenges issue Inadequate and  Existence of  Support from  Inadequate funds - reliable database some data DDF for revenue  Poor record mobilization and  Street Naming and  Availability of keeping by budgeting Property Address National revenue collectors System Service Personnel

Conclusion: Keeping a reliable data base for revenue mobilization is a laudable idea as it will help the Assembly to undertake proper forecasting of its revenue items . Potentials and opportunities exist to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed through constant training of good recording keeping skills and the political will of the Assembly to commit funds for data collection.

Poor performance  Existence of  Government  Absence of office  Unwillingness of of sub-district members of policy on accommodation MLGRD to pay structures Urban-Area decentralization for U/ACs the salaries of Councils staff of the  Inability of DA to councils  Requisite recruit and pay Assembly staff of the members in place councils

 Some revenue items ceded to 202

Urban/Area Councils

Conclusion: Making the sub-district structures functional is a laudable and viable programme. Potentials and opportunities exist to support the programme. Constraints can be addressed by putting up offices for Town-Area Councils without offices. Challenges can be overcome through continued dialogue together with other districts with the MLGRD on the recruitment and payment of the staff of the councils

203

CHAPTER THREE Development Focus, Goal, Objectives and Strategies 3.0 Introduction

The identification of a focus, goal, objectives and strategies enable an entity to concentrate on the available resources and options that would yield maximum results. Through the collaborative efforts of members of the District Planning Co-ordinating Unit (DPCU) and other stakeholders, district development focus, goal and objectives have been formulated for the GSGDA 2014-2017 in relation to the GSGDA 2014-2017.

3.1 District Development Focus

The development focus of Sekyere East District for the plan period is to promote local economic development and ensure that people have access to quality education, safe water and basic healthcare.

3.2 National Development Goal

From the Ghana Shared Growth Development Agenda (GSGDA) 2014-2017, the national development goal is “to address the economic imbalances, re-stabilizing the economy and placing it on a path of sustained accelerated growth and poverty reduction towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and middle income status”.

3.3 District Development Goal

For the plan period, the development goal for the district is to attain a socially and economically empowered society through wealth creation in the areas of enhanced agricultural production, agro- processing, growth of local enterprises and entrepreneurs, development of production infrastructure and human resources in a sustainable environment in partnership with the private sector.

3.4 Goal Compatibility Analysis

The development goal of the district has been formulated in relation to and reflection of the national development goal of the GSGDA 2014-2017 and the thematic areas of the GSGDA II. To ensure that the two goals are not in conflict with each other, they have been subjected to compatibility analysis. Using a compatibility matrix and a scale of -2 to +2, a goal compatibility analysis has been developed to identify conflict or otherwise between the districtand national development goal (See table 3.1)

204

Table 3.1 Goal Compatibility Analysis for the District Development Goal and the National Development Goal Ghana Shared Growth Development Agenda (2014- 2017) Goal: “To address the economic imbalances, re- stabilizing the economy and placing it on a path of sustained accelerated growth and poverty reduction towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and middle income status” SCORING District Goal -1 -2 0 1 2 TOTAL To attain a socially and economically empowered society through wealth creation in the areas of enhanced agricultural production, agro- processing, growth of local enterprises and - - - - 2 2 entrepreneurs, development of production infrastructure and human resource in a sustainable environment in partnership with the private sector. TOTAL 0 0 0 0 2 2 Source: Author’s Construct

Key Definition Score Strong Compatibility 2 Weak Compatibility 1 Not Compatible 0 Weak Incompatible -1 Strongly Incompatible -2

From the compatibility analysis in table 3.1, the district development goal is consistent with the national development goal. There would not be any conflict between the two development goals during the plan implementation.

3.5 Development Prospects for 2014 – 2017 Period

The prospects and framework set the overall scope for future development efforts. Areas, which have been covered, include population projections, infrastructural and social needs (educational, healthand water).

3.5.1 Development Projections for 2014-2017

Projections have been made for the plan period to set the overall scope for the future development effort of the district, with much emphasis on population, education and agriculture and their

205

implications for development.With the 2.7 % population growth rate projection for the four (4) year period, the following variables have been considered.

P1 = Current population

P0 = Previous population r = Rate of Growth t = Time in years e = Exponent Male = 47.5% of the population

Female = 52.5% of the population

3.5.2 Population Projections

The issue of population is very crucial; this is because population is the determinant and consequence of development. Human resources and needs vary according to the size, composition and distribution of the population. This is why demographic data needs to be updated for future estimates. Projecting the population therefore is the tool and the fundamental basis for development planning.

Assumptions made to ensure good basis for the projection are that:

 The ratio of the district population will grow at a constant rate throughout the plan period, and

 Migration rate in the district will be insignificant

Using the 2010 population as the base year and 2.7 percent annual growth rate of the district population, the 2014 and 2017 total population for the district is estimated at 69,263 and 75,106 respectively.

The projected district population for (2014-2017) is shown as below:

Table 3.2: Projected District Population (2014-2017)

YEAR MALE FEMALE TOTALS 2014 32,900 36,363 69,263 2015 33,800 37,358 71,158 2016 34,725 38,381 73,106 2017 35,675 39,431 75,106 Source: District Planning Co-ordinating Unit (August, 2014)

206

The data above shows the population projections for the four (4) years ending 2017. The high population growth rate has implications on population dynamics, the district development, food production and security, environment and socio-economic needs among others. There is therefore the need to make realistic forecast so as to be able to meet future developmental needs towards promoting sustainable development in the municipality

The projected population of twenty major settlements in the district, using the 2010 figures as the base year is shown in table

Table 3.3: Projected Population for Twenty (20) Major Settlements in the District Year 2010 2014* 2015* 2016* 2017* Settlement Effiduase 19,498 21,722 22316 22927 23554 Asokore 9118 10,158 10436 10721 11,015 Seniagya 5004 5,575 5727 5884 6045 Nkwankwanua 2865 3192 3279 3369 3461 Ntumkumso 2706 3015 3097 3182 3269 Senchi 2569 2862 2940 3021 3103 Okaikrom 2390 2663 2736 2810 2887 Akokoaso 1557 1735 1782 1831 1881 Ahinsan 1546 1722 1767 1818 1868 Brofoyedru 1111 1238 1272 1306 1342 Naama 1083 1207 1240 1273 1342 Attakrom 1083 1207 1240 1273 1308 Akuakrom 1016 1182 1214 1248 1282 Awaham 997 1111 1141 1172 1204 Odurokrom 896 998 1026 1054 1140 Oguaa 819 912 937 963 989 Ahwerewa 674 751 771 793 814 Apemso 657 732 752 773 794 Bomso 644 717 737 757 778 Nsutam 592 660 678 696 715 TOTAL Source: DPCU Projections *Projected Population

Table 3.4: Projection for School Age Population in the District 2013/14 2014/2015 2015/2016 2016/2017 Age 4-5 Total 8,224 8471 8725 8986 Male 3,947 4065 4187 4313 Female 3949 4068 4190 4315 Age 6-11 Total 21498 32143 22808 23492 Male 11168 11503 11848 12203 207

Female 10331 10641 10960 11289 Age 12-14 Total 8465 8719 8981 9350 Male 4405 4537 4673 4813 Female 4061 4182 4308 4437 Age 15-17 Total 3309 3408 3510 3616 Male 1036 1067 1099 1132 Female 2273 2341 2411 2484 Source: GES, Effiduase, 2014

3. 5.3 Threshold Population for Services (Standards)

The threshold population for services is as shown in the table 3.5 below:

Table 3.5: Threshold Population for Services (Standards)

District Central Hospital 30,000 Health Centre 10,000 Health Post/CHPS Compound 5,000 Water point (borehole/well/pipe 300 Hand-dug well 150 KVIP 400 : 50 persons per squat hole VIP 8 persons squat hole WC 8 persons per squat hole Nursery/Primary/J.H.S. 2,000 S.H.S./Vocational 30,000 Police Station 20,000 Bank 70,000 Post Office 70,000 Postal Agency 3,000 Circuit Court 50,000

The service needs for the medium term are presented in the table below

208

Table 3.6: Projection of Service Needs (2014-2017)

Service Existing (2014-2017)

TN ES BL Remarks Nursery/Kindergarten 38 61 - Needs 20 new classrooms Primary 38 61 - Needs 53 new classrooms J.H.S 38 47 - . Needs 27 new classrooms S.H.S 3 4 - Hospital 2 2 - Health Centre/clinics 7 7 - Health Post/CHPS 15 1 14 Post Office 1 1 - Potable water Points 250 116 134 Sanitation toilet 1056 squat 437 squat holes 619 squat holes holes

TN – Total Need

ES – Existing Services

BL - Backlog

3.5.2 Educational Projections for 2014-2017

Public Basic and Senior Secondary Schools Table 3.7 shows the projected enrolment for pupils at the K.G, Primary and JSS levels for the plan period. In 2014 the total enrolment at the K.G level is 3,580 and this figure is expected to rise to 4,817 in 2017. At both the Primary and JHS levels the figures for 2014 are 8,163 and 4,008 respectively. The figures are expected to rise to 8,291and 4,540 for the Primary and JHS levels respectively in 2017.

Table 3.8 also indicates that the required number of teachers at the KG level is 181, Primary 352 and JHS level 1,141 for 2014. The projected requirement for teachers in 2017 for KG would be 437, Primary 287 and JHS 306. In table 3.5, the total demand for classrooms for schools in the district is projected to rise from 39 in 2014 to 42 in 2017. As indicated in table 3.6, at the SHS level, enrolment and demand for both teachers and classrooms are expected to increase over the plan period. Efforts would have to be made to meet these increasing demand for school facilities and teachers for the plan

209

period if the human resources in the district are to be developed and harnessed for the development of the district.

Table 3.7: Projected Enrolment in Public Basic Schools in the District Level Year KG Primary JHS Total 2014 3,580 8,163 4,008 15,751 2015 5,001 7,999 4,207 17,207 2016 4,904 8,074 4,372 17,350 2017 4,817 8,291 4,540 17,648 Source: District Education Directorate, Effiduase, 2014

Table 3.8 Projected Demand for Teachers for Public Basic Schools in the District Level Year KG Primary JHS Total 2014 181 352 1,141 1,674 2015 298 319 656 1,273 2016 353 299 433 1,085 2017 437 287 306 1,030 Source: District Education Directorate, Effiduase, 2014

3.5.3.1 Arable land per-capita

The arable land per-capita may be calculated by dividing the total arable land available by the total projected population. Thus, agricultural land - 47,482.5 hectares Area under cultivation - 14,610 hectares Food reserves - 3,652.5 hectares Total District Arable Land - 65,745.0 hectares Total projected District population (2013) - 92,240 hectares The arable land per-capita - 65,745.0 hectares 92,240 The arable land per capita is thus 0.71 hectares per person

210

3.5.3.2 Consumption of major crops

Table 3.9: Projection for Percentage consumption of major crops for 2014-2017 Year Crop 2014 2015 2016 2017 Cassava 22 22 21 21 Rice 8 9 10 11 Tomatoes 1 1 1 1 Cocoyam 10 8 8 7 Plantain 38 37 37 36 Pepper 2 1 1 1 Soyabeans 1 1 1 1 Maize 15 18 18 19 Garden eggs 1 1 1 1 Yam 2 2 2 2 Source: District Agricultural Development Unit, SEDA, 2014 From table 3.9 it is expected that the consumption of some food crops would rise due to increase in population, awareness creation on some hitherto crops not used. For example, the consumption of maize and rice is expected to rise from 15 and 8 percent respectively in 2014, to 19 and 11 percent respectively in 2017. For soyabeans, the projected consumption rate is projected to be constant from 2014 to 2017.

3.5.4` Health Projections

An assessment of the health needs of the people shows the need to expand the District Hospital at Effiduase. Within the plan period additional facilities and infrastructure would be provided at the hospital to enhance health service delivery.

Table 3.10: Projection for Health Facilities

Facility Facilities to be provided Remarks

District Hospital Rehabilitate RCH The provision of these facilities would improve the Provide ART Centre service delivery at the hospital

Creation of 4 more CHPS Construct CHPS Compound This will improve access to Compounds at Motokrodua, Ahinsan and health facilities in the district Rehabilitate Akokoaso and Nkwankwanua CHPS Compound

211

3.6Objectives and Strategies

For the purpose of the composite budgeting introduced by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, the District Assembly adopted the policy objectives and strategies of the GSGDA 11as shown in Table 3.11 below:

212

Table 3.11 Thematic Areas, Adopted Issues, Policy Objectives and Strategies

THEMATIC AREA ADOPTED ADOPTED POLICY ADOPTED DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES ISSUES Ensuring& Sustaining Leakages in revenue Improve fiscal revenue Eliminate revenue Macroeconomic mobilization. mobilization and collection leakages. stability. management.

. Strengthen revenue in stations and administration.

Enhancing Inadequate managerial Expand opportunities Invest in human competitiveness of and technical skills. for job creation resources with relevant Ghana Private Sector. modern skills support Poor entrepreneurial the creation of business culture. opportunities.

Obsolete technology. Improve efficiency and Facilitate the provision competitiveness of of training and business Inadequate job creation. MSMEs. development service

Limited access to finance.

Limited technical and entrepreneurial skills. Agricultural Limited access to Increase access to Maintain the role of modernization and extension services, extension services and agriculture winners and Sustainable Natural especially by woman re-orientation of FBDs to serve as Resource management. agriculture operators. agriculture education. sources of extension in production and markets to small scale farmers within the location to help transform subsistence farming into commercial farming.

213

Thematic Area Adopted Development Adopted Policy Adopted Strategies Issues Objectives Inadequate access to Improve agriculture Provide appropriate appropriate financial Finance. framework to ensure products. adequate flow of financial resources to Low application of Promote the the agriculture and technology especially development of selected aquaculture industries among small holder staple and horticultural with particular attention farmers leading to crops. to smallholder farmers. comparatively lower yields. Promote the development of selected staple crops in each ecological zone. Natural Resource Unsustainable Enhance capacity to Minimize climate Management exploitation of natural adopt to climate change impacts on socio- resources. impacts. economic development Climate Variability and through improved change. agriculture practices. Natural Disasters Risks Frequent droughts Enhance capacity to Increase the capacity of and vulnerability. floods forest and other mitigate and reduce the NADMO to deal with of fire outbreaks. impact of natural natural disasters. disasters risks and vulnerability. Intensify public awareness on natural disasters, risks and vulnerability. Waste Management Negative attitudinal and Promote effective waste Intensify public behavioural orientation management and reduce education on improper towards proper waste noise pollution waste disposal disposal Increase investment in infrastructure for waste Limited investment in management through waste management and Public Private Infrastructure Partnerships (PPPs)

Inadequate facilities for Strengthen regulatory the disposal of waste environment to provide sufficient deterrent for sanitation and pollution offences

Climate variability and change Limited human resource Enhance capacity to Increase resilience to capacity in Climate adapt to climate change climate change impacts Change issues impacts through early warning systems

climate change and its Intensify research and impacts promote awareness of 214

climate change exploitation of natural Implement alternative resources livelihoods strategies to minimize impacts of climate change on the resources poor and vulnerable especially women warning systems Minimize climate change impacts on socio-economic development through improved agricultural practices

Promote energy efficiency in all aspects of social and economic life

Promote various mitigation options in Inadequate the agriculture sector infrastructure to cope including eduction and with the impact of efficient management climate change practices

Promote sustainable Mitigate the impacts of forest management and climate variability and implementation of forest change governance initiative

215

Thematic Area Adopted Development Adopted Policy Adopted Strategies Issues Objectives

Infrastructure and Poor quality and Establish Ghana as a Improve and develop Human Settlement inadequate road transportation hub for the physical transport networks the West African sub- infrastructure across all region modes for transport

Prioritize the Geographical disparities Create and sustain an maintenance of existing in access to transport efficient and effective road infrastructure to services transport system that reduce meets user needs operating costs (VOC) and future rehabilitation road networks costs

Improve accessibility to key centres of population, production and tourism

ICT Inadequate ICT Promote rapid Facilitate the infrastructure base development and connectivity of all across the country deployment of the educational institutions national ICT to the internet High cost of providing infrastructure ICT services

Poor quality of ICT services

216

Energy Supply to support Industries and High cost of electricity Provide adequate, Expand power household generation reliable and affordable generation capacity energy to meet the Unreliable power national needs and for supply export Increase access to energy by the poor and vulnerable

Ensure the availability of energy meters for households and industry

Spatial/Landuse planning Ineffective and Streamline spatial and Integrate land use inefficient spatial/land land use planning system planning into the use planning and Medium-Term implementation Development Plans at particularly in the all levels urban areas

Inadequate human and Strengthen the human Strengthen the institutional capacities and institutional institutional capacity to for land use planning capacities for effective manage human land use planning and settlements and land use management and spatial planning nationwide

Water Inadequate access to Accelerate the provision Adopt cost effective quality and affordable of adequate, safe and borehole drilling water. affordable water. technologies.

Lack of maintenance of Implement measures for water systems effective operations maintenance and .Inadequate funding systematic up grading of water facilities.

Sanitation Inadequate access to Accelerate the provision Promote the environment sanitation of improved construction and use of facilities. environmental sanitation modern household and facilities. institutional toilet Poor disposal of waste. facilities.

217

Poor hygiene practices Ensure the development Incorporate hygiene and inadequate hygiene and implementation of education in all water education. health and hygiene and sanitation delivery education as a programmers. component of all water and sanitation Promote behavioral programmes change (hand washing with soap, household water treatment and safe storage, safe excreta disposal) to curtail open defecation in communities HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND EMPLOYMENT Education Inadequate and Increase inclusive and inequitable access equitable access to, and Bridge the gender gap particularly after the participation in education and access to education basic level and for at all levels at all levels persons with special needs

Poor quality of Improve quality of Ensure adequate supply teaching and learning teaching and learning of teaching and learning especially at the basic materials leve

Health Review and accelerate Huge gaps in Bridge the equity gaps in the implementation of geographical and access to health care CHPS strategy financial access to especially in under- quality health care (e.g. served areas urban and rural as well as rich and poor) Expand the coverage of the NHIS to include the poor and marginalised

HIV and AIDS High stigmatization Ensure the reduction of Expand and intensify and discrimination new HIV and AIDS/STIs HIV Counselling and infections, especially Testing (HTC) Lack of among the vulnerable programmes comprehensive groups knowledge of HIV and Intensify education to AIDS/STIs, especially reduce stigmatization among the vulnerable groups Intensify behavioural change strategies High HIV prevalence especially for high risk 218

among the youth and in groups for HIV & AIDS some communities and TB

Promote the adoption of safer sexual practices in the general population;

Promote healthy behaviors and the adoption of safer sexual practices among PLHIV, MARPs and vulnerable groups

Develop and implement prevention programmes targeted at the high risk groups and communities

Intensify advocacy with key stakeholders to reduce infection and impact of malaria, HIV & AIDS and TB

Sports Development Inadequate and poor Provide adequate and Rehabilitate existing quality infrastructure disability friendly and construct new and absence of infrastructure for sports sports infrastructure and disability friendly in communities and provide sports facilities in schools equipment at all levels communities and schools

Disability Lack of appreciation of Ensure effective Mainstream issues of issues affecting appreciation of and disability into Persons With inclusion of disability development planning Disability (PWDs) issues processes at all levels

Improve funding for disability programmes

Transparent and Accountable Governance Weak leadership and Ensure effective Enforce compliance of managerial capacity at implementation of the LI 1967 MMDA level decentralisation policy and programmes Non-functioning sub- district structures

219

Weak financial base Ensure effective and Improve the capacity of and management efficient resource finance and capacity of the District mobilisation, internal administrative staff of Assemblies revenue generation and MMDAs resource management Institute measures to block leakages and loopholes in the revenue mobilisation system of MMDAs

Ensure effective monitoring of revenue collection and utilisation of investment grants

Develop reliable business and property database system including the street naming and property addressing

220

CHAPTER FOUR Development Programmes and Composite Programme of Action

4.1 Development Programmes

Development programmes have been formulated on the basis of the district development focus, goal, objectives and strategies stated under the thematic areas of the GSGDA II 2014-2017

4.2 Joint District Development Programme

The district shares boundaries with a number of districts in the Ashanti Region. Development Programmes that could be jointly implemented with these sister districts are in the areas of roads development (See table 4.1)

Table 4.1 Joint District Development Programme Contiguous District Sekyere East District Joint Development Programme 1. Sekyere South Effiduase-Asaman Highway 2. Asante Akim North Asokore-Nkwankwanua-Anum-Pekyerekye-Domeabra Highway 3. Sekyere-Kumawu Asokore-Akokoaso-Ahinsan-Woraso feeder Road 4. Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Effiduase-Kasem Feeder Road Source: District Assembly, Effiduase 2014

4.4 Composite Programme of Action

Composite programme of action has been formulated for the plan period 2014-2017 (See table 4.2)

221

Table 4.2: Composite Programme of Action Ensuring Macro-Economic Stability Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Organize Pay Your Levy Selected Campaigns in 30 Finance Dept. CA 6,000.00 IGF DPCU Communities communities Outsource property rate District wide Finance Dept. CA 1,000.00 IGF DPCU collection Ensure the collection of Senchi-Nyanfa, ceded revenue items to 3- Akwamu, Mponua Finance Dept. CA 1,000.00 IGF DPCU Area Councils Area Councils Involve stakeholders in rate District wide CA Finance 1,200.00 IGF DPCU fixing annually Department Procure ten(10) bicycles District wide Finance Dept. CA 2,000.00 IGF DPCU for revenue collectors

Organize training programs DDF/DA for 50 revenue collectors Administration Finance Dept. CA 10,000.00 DPCU CF annually

222

Enhanced Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Organize Technical Workshop for 100 Effiduase, Asokore, Dept. of Trade Unemployed Youth and Ntumkumso, and Industry ( CA 900.00 REP DPCU Women in Batik, Tie and Okaikrom BAC) Dye Organize Technical Dept. of Trade Training Workshop for 100 Effiduase, Asokore and Industry ( CA 9,000.00 REP DPCU Carpenters on Finishing BAC) Organize Technical Dept. of Trade Training for 100 Palm Oil Asokore 1 & 2 and Industry ( 6,000.00 REP DPCU Producers on Quality CA BAC) Improvement Organize Technical Dept. of Trade Training for 150 Palm Oil Effiduase, and 9,000.00 REP DPCU Producers on Quality Ntumkumso CA Industry(BAC) Improvement Organize Technical Effiduase, Training for 150 Cassava Dept. of Trade Akuakrom, 9,000.00 REP DPCU Processors on Quality and Industry CA Ntumkumso Improvement Organize Technical Workshop for 150 Dept. of Trade District Wide 900.00 REP DPCU Unemployed Youth and and Industry CA Women in Soap Making

223

Enhanced Competitiveness of Ghana’s Private Sector Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Facilitate the Rehabilitation Dept. of Trade of Cassava Processing Plant Asokore and Industry ( CA 3,000.00 DACF DPCU at Asokore BAC)

Facilitate the creation of Dept. of Trade jobs for 200 Unemployed District wide and Industry ( CA 3,000.00 DACF DPCU Youth BAC)

Accelerated Agricultural Modernization and Natural Resource Management

Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Provide improved seeds for farmers in 30 communities Selected Dept. of Agric CA 5,000.00 GOG DPCU to improve agriculture Communities production Organize Training for AEAs

Effiduase Dept. of Agric CA 500.00 GOG DPCU

ProvideFunds for Farmers DACF/G Day Celebration annually Selected Areas Dept. of Agric 40,000.00 DPCU CA OG

Assist 100 farmers access District Wide Dept. of Agric CA 1,500.00 GOG DPCU credit Facilities Educate and provide 500 District Wide Dept. of Agric CA 10,000.00 GOG DPCU

224

farmers with appropriate post-harvest technologiesin the District Support for environment, climate change and green District Dept. of Agric CA 50,000.00 economy programmes Natural Resource Conservation and Management Organize yearly anti-bush fire campaigns in the District Wide NRCD/DPD 10,000.00 DACF DPCU CA District Organize training programmes for farmers in

20 communities on the use Selected of agro-chemicals Agric Dept 2,000.00 IGF DPCU Communities CA

Educate farmers in 30 communities on the impact Selected NRCD/DPD 4,000.00 DACF DPCU of their activities on climate Communities CA change Educate 200 farmers on District Wide Agric Dept CA 2,000.00 IGF DPCU good farming practices Organize 4 public fora in Area/Urban Councils to NRCD/Agric educate communities on the District Wide CA 3,000.00 IGF DPCU Dept effects of water pollution/Climate change Undertake Tree Planting in District Wide DPD/NRCD CA 4,000.00 DACFF DPCU 10 Communities

225

Infrastructure, Energy and Human Settlement Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Complete the Construction 1 No 40-Unit Lockable Asokore Market Works Dept CA 50,000.00 DACF DPCU Stores

Rehabilitate Market Sheds Asokore Market Works Dept. CA 5,000.00 DACF DPCU

Connect 3 communities to Buoya, Motokrodua, Works Dept. CA 5,000.00 DACF DPCU National Electricity Grid Tetekaaso Expand electricity in District wide Works Dept ECG 50,000.00 DACF DPCU communities Procure 400 complete streetlight fittings and other accessories to improve the District Wide Works Dept. CA 240,000.00 DACF DPCU street lighting system in the district Rehabilitate 50 km length of District Wide Works Dept. CA 200,000.00 DACF DPCU feeder roads district wide

Maintain 35 km of feeder District wide Works Dept. 70,000.00 DACF DPCU roads district wide CA Construct Bridge Asokore, Etia Works Dept. CA 175,000.00 DACF DPCU

Create Access Roads

District wide Works Dept. CA 50,000.00 DACF DPCU

226

Provide ICT facilities in 10 public schools Selected schools Works Dept. CA 50,000.00 DACF DPCU

Prepare/Update planning schemes for 3 Urban Effiduase, Asokore, PPD CA 30,000.00 DACF DPCU Seniagya communities in the district Organize quarterly Statutory Planning Committee Administration PPD CA 5,000.00 IGF DPCU Meetings Undertake Street Naming Effiduase, Asokore PPD CA 50,000,00 DACF DPCU and Property Addressing Facilitate the posting of 1 Regional Town substantive Physical Administration CA and Country 500.00 IGF DPCU Planning Officer Planning Officer Provide Office Equipment for Physical Planning Effiduase PPD CA 30,000.00 DDF DPCU Department Provide funds for the procurement of relief items District wide NADMO CA 80,000.00 DACF DPCU

Provide Funds for Waste District wide EHU Works Dept 80,000.00 DACF DPCU Management Complete the Construction Effiduase Zongo Works Dept. CA 20,000.00 DACF DPCU of Slaughter House Complete 2 No, Water Asokore, Effiduase Closet Toilet Facilities Works Dept. CA 80,000.00 DACF DPCU Markets Construct 7 No. Seater Asokore Zongo, Aqua-privy toiletS Works Dept. CA 560,000.00 DACF DPCU Brofoyedru,

227

Ahotokrom, Seniagya, Motokrodua, Asokore South Akwamu Extension Construct 16 No. 12&10 Seater Aqua-privy toilets Nkwankwanua, and 1 Institutional Toilets Kobriso, Asokore Gyidim, Bomso, Senchi, Buoya, Effiduase Demonstration, Okaikrom, Daakoho, Works Dept. CA 1,280,000.00 DDF DPCU Awaham, Ahensan, Santaase, Tetekaaso, Odurokrom, Asukwawkaw, Awaham, Anunya, Police Barracks

Educate 20 largest Selected communities on the need to EHU CA 5,000.00 DACF DPCU use household toilets Communities

Conduct public education on good hygiene practices Selected EHU CA 2,000.00 IGF DPCU in 20 communities in the Communities District Provide 2No. engineered Anunya, Effiduase Works Dept. CA 100,000.00 DACF DPCU landfill sites Rehabilitate Seniagya Water Seniagya Works Dept. CA 20,000.00 DACF DPCU System Rehabilitate Assembly Effiduase Works Dept. CA 10,000.00 DACF DPCU Water System

228

Construct 3 No. Effiduase, Asokore Mechanized borehole (WC Toilet Works Dept. CA 45,000.00 DDF DPCU Facilities) Public Library Complete the Effiduase Gyidim, Mechanization of 6 No. Asokore Gyidim, Boreholes Ahinsan, Asokore Works Dept. CA 60,000.00 DACF DPCU Zongo, Okaikrom, Akokoaso Construct 4 No. Adensuagya, Etia, Mechanized Boreholes Works Dept. CA 60,000.00 DACF DPCU Santaase, Oworamso

Construct 28 No. Daaman,Nsutam, Mechanized Boreholes Odurokrom, Kobriso, Okuase, Effiduase Barrier Asokore Continuation, Zion, Akuakrom, Brofoyedru,Nkwank wanua, Okaikrom, Daakoho, Bimma, Mahinso, Akokoaso, Works Dept 420,000.00 DDF DPCU Asukwawkwaw, CA Anunya, Awaham, Adagya, Kutia, Akwamu, Tetekaso, Ahotokrom, Asokore Zongo Asokore South, Oseikrom , District Commander Bungalow, Effiduase Zongo, 229

Rehabilitate 10 boreholes Ntumkumso, Nkwankwanua, Works Dept. CA 5,000.00 DACF DPCU Oguaa, Attakrom,

Senchi, Ahinsan Organize 4 capacity building workshops for District wide EHU CA 2 ,000.00 DACF DPCU WATSAN Committee members Construct District Sports Field 1st Phase (Earthworks Effiduase Works Dept CA 170,000.00 MPCF DPCU &Grassing) Fence District Sports Field Effiduase Works Dept CA 47,000.00 MPCF DPCU

Human Development, Productivity and Employment Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Complete the Construction Effiduase Presby of 8 No. Public Schools KG, Ntumkumso,, Anunya, CA/Works Nkwankwanua, GES 288,000.00 DACF DPCU Dept Effiduase RC KG, Effiduase Presby, Kookoase-Effiduase, Complete the Construction of Ground Floor of 2-Storey CA/Works 12 Unit Classroom Block Effiduase Zongo GES 344,631.65, DDF DPCU Dept with Office, Store, Staff Common Room and Library

230

Construct 10No. Public Okaikrom JHS, classroom blocks with Naama Savior Toilet Facilities and Primary, Apemso, rehabilitation of 10No. Islamic Primary classroom blocks in selected Effiduase, communities Demonstration, Awaham, Asokore CA/Works DACF/ RC Primary GES 1,200,000.00 DPCU Dept DDF Brofoyedru, Senchi Methodist KG, Effiduase SDA Primary, Ntumkumso Presby KG, Buoya T.I AHM. Primary Support STME Clinic DACF/ annually District wide GES. CA 40,000.00 DPCU

Support Best Teacher DACF/ District wide GES CA 10,000.00 DPCU Award Scheme annually Provision for District District Wide GES CA 200,000.00 DACF DPCU Education Fund Construct 5No. teachers Ahinsan, Seniagya, CA/Works DACF/ accommodation blocks Senchi, Ntumkumso, GES 300,000.00 DPCU Dept DDF Nsutem

Undertake Performance DACF/ Monitoring Test for JHS 3 District wide GES CA 10,000.00 DPCU

Students annually

Construct 4No. CHPS Ahinsan, Compounds Ntumkumso, CA/Works DACF/D GHS 480,000.00 DPCU Motokrodua, Dept DF Akokoaso 231

Rehabilitate Reproductive District Hospital, and Child Health Block ( GHS. CA 25,000.00 DACF DPCU Effiduase RCH) Block Complete the Construction Asokore GHS CA 190,000.00 MPCF DPCU of Midwifery School Support National District wide GHS CA 2,000.00 MPCF DPCU Immunization Day (NID) Provide adequate support for District Response District wide GHS CA 40,000.00 DACF DPCU Initiative ( DRI) on HIV/AIDs Support for persons with District wide DoSW 180,000.00 DACF DPCU disability CA Support for school feeding District wide CA 3,957,997.00 GoG DPCU programme Support for gender District wide CA 10,000.00 DACF DPCU programmes Transparent and Accountable Governance Time Frame Lead Indicative Source M&E Project/Activity Location (Years) Implementing Collaborators Cost GH¢ of Funds Agency 14 15 16 17 Agency Provide Compensation for Finance District wide CA 4,662,460.00 GOG/IGF DPCU Employees/other allowances Department Provide Funds for Public Finance District wide CA 120,000.00 DACF/IGF DPCU Functions Department

Provide Funds for other DA Finance Goods and Services CA 240,000.00 DACF/IGF DPCU Department

Provide fuel, oil and Finance lubricants for office vehicles DA CA 500,000.00 DACF/IGF DPCU Department

232

and equipment routine maintenance for office buildings, vehicles, and equipment Provide Funds for Security Services District wide Police Service CA 30,000.00 DACF/IGF DPCU

Provide office consumables, Finance utilities, sanitation and DA CA 200,000.00 DACF/IGF DPCU Department cleaning services etc Provide Funds for Capacity Finance Building District wide 200,000.00 DDF/DAC DPCU CA Department F/IGF

Provide Funds for Community Initiated Finance District wide 40,000.00 DDF/DAC DPCU Projects CA Department F/IGF

Prepare Composite Budget annually Central Finance CA 20,000.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department

Undertake Monitoring and Finance Evaluation of Programmes District wide CA 40,000.00 DACF DPCU and Projects Department

Support DPCU Annually Central Finance CA 20,000.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department Support Assembly Finance Departments Annually DA CA 30,000.00 DACF DACF Department

Organize 4 capacity building workshops for area Finance District Wide CA 10,000.00 DACF DPCU and Urban Council Department members

233

Construct 3 No. bungalows Central Finance for security personnel and CA 500,000.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department Assembly staff Pay professional fees to Central Finance Assembly CA 30,000.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department Consultants/lawyers Undertake data collection to Central Finance update district socio- CA 30,000.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department economic data

Provide funds for Central contingency CA Finance 3,957,997.00 DACF DPCU Administration Department

234

4.5 Sustainability Assessment of The DMTDP (2014-2017)

4.5.1 Background

The Sekyere East District is endowed with rich natural resources. However, these rich resources are being negatively impacted upon by human activities particularly through sand/gravel winning, logging, poor farming practices and constructional activities( residential accommodation, roads) etc. The negative implications of these activities on the environment include deforestation, erosion, pollution of water bodies, flooding and insanitary conditions. To ensure the sustainability of the environment, the policies, plans and programmes were subjected to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been recognized as a major tool for developing and analyzing strategic actions (policies, plans and programmes – PPPs) to ensure that they adequately mainstream the concept of sustainability and thereby respond to the need for balancing socio-economic development with the requirements for conserving and enhancing the natural capital on which all lives depend. The SEA provides broader environmental vision, ensures early consideration of environmental issues and anticipates environmental impacts. Again a SEA facilitates environmentally-oriented chain of actions and contributes to integrated policy-making and planning

4.5.2 Purpose of the Sekyere East District SEA

In the framework of the SEA for the GSGDA, SEA has been undertaken for Sekyere East District by mainstreaming environmental issues into their DMTP. This has been achieved with assistance from EPA with the following objectives:

 Refine the PPPs to incorporate environmental considerations into the DMTDP

 Consider environmental effects of proposed strategic actions

 Develop appropriate interventions to mitigate impacts associated with the implementation of the PPPs.

 Cost and provide budget for the various interventions to mitigate impacts

235

 Train District staff (DPCU) in the application of SEA

4.5.3 Scope of the SEA The SEA was undertaken in the Sekyere East district. The scope of the SEA involved resources such as water, forests, agriculture ecosystems as well as issues such as deforestation, land degradation, erosion, air pollution, noise pollution, waste management etc.

4.5.4 Methodology and Approach

4.5.4.1 Steps Taken

The following steps were taken in the SEA process:

 Formation of the SEA Core team  Capacity Building session for team members  Assessment Sessions

4.5.5 Linkages between policy objectives and major environmental concerns

In an effort to ascertain the sustainability of the Sekyere East Assembly’s Medium Term Plan, the policy objectives and their associated activities were respectively subjected to various SEA Tools notably, Internal Consistency, Sustainability Test.

A Compound Matrix was used to ascertain the linkages between the policy objectives and the environmental dimensions viz Natural Resources, Socio-cultural Issues, Economic Issues, and Institutional Issues. . A summary of the results are as shown in table 4.4:

Table 4.3: Summary of Results linking policy objectives and major environmental concerns

Natural Socio-cultural Institutional Policy Objectives Economic Issues Resources Issues Issues Improve fiscal Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are revenue mobilization partly positive largely positive largely neutral largely neutral and partly neutral Accelerate the Conditions are Conditions are provision and Conditions are partly positive Conditions are partly positive improvement of largely neutral and partly largely neutral and partly neutral environmental neutral

236

sanitation Expand Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are Policy effects are opportunities for job partly positive largely positive hugely positive largely neutral creation and partly neutral Improve agricultural Conditions are Conditions are Policy effects are Conditions are productivity likely to be largely neutral neutral neutral positive Reverse forest and Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are land degradation largely positive largely neutral largely neutral largely neutral Improve access to quality maternal, Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are neonatal, child and partly positive largely neutral mainly neutral largely neutral adolescent health and neutral services Increase equitable access to and Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are participation in both negative and largely positive largely positive largely neutral education at all neutral levels Create and sustain Conditions are an efficient transport Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are likely to be system that meets largely negative largely positive largely positive neutral user needs Bridge the equity gaps in access to health care and Conditions are Conditions are nutrition services likely to be Conditions are Conditions are likely to be and ensure negative and largely neutral largely neutral neutral sustainable financing neutral arrangements that protect the poor Develop micro, Conditions are small and medium likely to be Conditions are Conditions are Conditions are enterprise(MSME) negative and largely neutral mainly neutral largely neutral neutral

4.5.6 Internal Consistency

The Internal Consistency Test was used on the policy objectives to determine their degree of compatibility and mutual supportiveness. This was done using a Compatibility Matrix (attached as an Appendix). The matrix so created was reviewed by the Core Team by examining the interactions between the policy objectives identified.

237

Evidences from the review, established by a consensus of opinion, clearly indicated that the policy objectives are largely mutually supportive of each other and to a considerably extent re- enforcing of each other. On some occasions, the Team identified no significant interactions between the policies.

4.5.7 Sustainability Test

The Team carried out a Sustainability Test on the activities to ascertain the overall sustainability of the PPPs. The Team assessed the performance of each activity in relation to each criterion (Natural Resources, Socio-cultural Issues, Economic Issues, and Institutional Issues), and scored that performance using a scale of ‘(0)1 – 5’ indicated and interpreted as follows.

Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 Effect: Not Works Works On Supports Strongly Relevant strongly against balance the aim supports the against the aim and has aim the aim neutral effects on the aim Colour Black Red Red Yellow Green Green

A summary of the performance of individual Activities against the Sustainability Test are outlined below;

 Rehabilitate the Cassava Processing Plant at Asokore The activity is favourable in all the criteria set and therefore sustainable.

 Rehabilitate 50km feeder road district wide The activity is fairly favourable in all the criteria except its effect on natural resources. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources thereby weakening its sustainability. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect. Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.

238

 Expand electricity district wide The activity is very favourable in all the criteria and therefore sustainable

 Connect 3 Communities ( Buoya, Motokrodua, Tetekaaso) to National Electricity Grid The activity is very favourable in all the criteria and therefore sustainable

 Construct 18 No 12& 10-Seater Public toilets The activity is favourable with all the criteria except its impact or natural resources. The activity virtually worked against two components of the natural resource. Interventions are however available to ensure full sustainability.

 Educate 20 largest communities on the need to construct and use householdtoilets The activity is generally favourable and thus sustainable. It will however have negativeimpact on

two components of the natural environment.

 Construct/rehabilitate 38 No. boreholes fitted with pumps . The activity is highly favourable with respect to most of the criteria and is thereforesustainable with the implementations of recommended interventions.

 Construction of 1 No. 4-Unit Midwifery School at Asokore The activity is generally sustainable with only two component of the natural resource to be impacted upon. The project components do not include water facilities and there will be need to provide water facilities to make the project sustainable.

 Construct 4 No CHPS Compound at Ahinsan, Ntumkumso, Motokrodua, Akokoaso The activity is generally sustainable with only two component of the natural resource that will be negatively affected. There is also no water facility in the project components

 Support National polio Immunization day (NID) The activity is sustainable and will also enhance health status of the people

239

 Construct 1 No. District Sports Field at Effiduase The project components do not include important facilities like toilet, water, electricity and access road and therefore makes the sustainability of the project a suspect.

 Construct 10 No.3-Unit Classroom Blocks with Ancillary Facilities The activity is sustainable for most of the components under socio-cultural, economy, and institutional criteria except natural resources where two components will be negatively impacted upon.

 Construct 5 No Teacher’s accommodation units The activity is sustainable but affects two components of the natural resourcenegatively.

 Construction of 3 No. Office Accommodation Block for Area/Town Councils The activity is favourable and sustainable. Only the vegetation cover on the site for the project would be removed

 Construct 3 No.Bungalows for Assembly Staff The activity is favourable and sustainable however there is the need to provide water to ensure its sustainability.

4.5.8 Measures to Address Environmental Impacts

Improving performance of the activities against the four main criteria certainly will involve practical interventions that will ensure complete sustainability of the activities. The overall performance of the 15 activities in the four criteria was quite encouraging. However to attain sound environmental implementation with its attendant sustainability, a few negative impacts revealed through the Sustainability Test ought to be addressed.

Generally, all the constructional activities impacted negatively on most of the components of the Natural Resources and some components of the other criteria especially where project designers failed to include some essential components of the major projects themselves.

240

Specifically the activities have some negative influence on the vegetation and therefore causing deforestation, erosion and land degradation resulting from sand and gravel winning (all under Natural Resources) and HIV/AIDS menace that may results from constructional workers who may come to the various project locations and have sexual relations with local girls (under Social and Cultural Conditions)

Interventions recommended to minimize negative impacts and ensure sustainability of the projects include:

1. In the construction of school blocks, office and residential accommodation, some trees would be planted to replace those ones destroyed. Grass would also be grown around the structures to protect the building and the open spaces from erosion.

2. Constructional works most likely will ignite sand/gravels and timber being taken from the communities which will invariably affect the natural resource standing of the communities. Minimizing the impacts will involve the Assembly requesting contractors to sign an undertaking to reclaim/reinstate the lands where borrow pits will be/have been created

3 Landfill sites would be managed such that environmental pollution in the surrounding areas would be minimized or completely avoided. Measures to be used include making sure that the sites are not in the courses of rivers and streams, but just cavities. As frequently as possible, the solid and liquid waste would be sprayed with chemicals to kill or eliminate all harmful infectious bacteria. Sites that would become full and filled would be covered completely with sand and trees would be grown there to generate some vegetation cover.

4. Site (cadastral) plans would be prepared for projects in settlements that lack development planning schemes. Where there are development planning schemes, site and building plans would be prepared in relation to the schemes to ensure that structures are well distributed over space in order to avoid haphazard development. The schemes would make adequate provision for sanitary areas, parks and gardens and residential areas, lorry parks, markets and industrial village.

241

5. Boreholes drilled will be provided with soakaways and pumps so as to avoid contamination of the water. The surroundings of the boreholes would be provided with pavements as well as clean environment would be ensured.

6 Construction of both household and public toilets would be done in a way to avoid slopes so that water bodies downstream do not get contaminated. When full, the materials would be drawn and deposited in trenches purposely prepared for that and treated with chemicals to avoid environmental pollution.

7. During the construction of roads, some vegetation cover, including big and small trees would be destroyed. After the completion of the roads , trees would be planted along the roads and site to replace those ones destroyed in course of the construction. Dust suppression through periodic watering on roads being constructed

8. In areas where drains would be constructed, care would be taken to ensure that sewerage from houses along the drains is connected to the main drains through the side drains. Care would also be taken to ensure that the run offs and other sewerage do not terminate into water bodies.

9. Providing the additional facilities that were not part of projects components but are necessary to enhance the sustainability of the projects- football field (electricity, toilet facility, and , CHPS- mechanized boreholes

4.5.9 Implications of the Measures for the Budget and Institutional Capacities

The ten policies implementations have a budget lines drawn from the various activities. However the implementation of the policies which will incorporate environmental considerations will add additional cost to the mainstream budget shown in the Table below:

Interventions identified to mitigate impacts from the implementation of the PPPs will certainly involve additional cost outlay. Besides, the Assembly in order to carry out effective implementation of the interventions, institutional capacities must be developed. These will require training of personnel from the Environmental Health and Sanitation unit, Engineering Department, Development/Town and Country Planning units etc.

242

The Assembly must therefore take steps to develop the requisite commitment to environmental issues so as to minimize any impacts that will be associated with the implementation of the policies, plans and programmes. Besides, the Assembly in order to carry out effective implementation of the interventions, institutional capacities must be developed and environmental monitoring enhanced.

The interventions and their respective budgets are shown in the Table 4.4 below:

Table 4.4: Interventions and Budget

INTERVENTIONS BUDGET YEAR OF REMARKS (GH) IMPLEMENTATION

1. Tree Planting 5,000.00 2014-2017 Almost all the constructional sites and communities. 2. Dust suppression 60,000.00 On-going Rehabilitation/Maintenance through periodic of 50 km feeder road watering on roads being constructed 3. Preparation of 87,500.00 2016-2017 Settlements that lack Settlement Plans development planning scheme 4. Development of 6,000.00 2015 Refuse dump sites with concrete platforms for skip containers skip containers 5. Provision of 600,000 2015-2017 Construction of Bungalows additional facilities- and Football Field, mechanized boreholes, extension of electricity , toilet and access road 6. Capacity building 20,000.00 2014-2017 This will enhance for core Assembly performance of staff staff and decentralized departments. 7 Monitoring of 1,500.00 2014-2017 Amount will be used to Mitigation Measures purchase fuel and meals for the monitoring team TOTAL 780,000.00

243

4.5 An Indicative Financial Plan 2014-2017

Resource mobilization plan specifying the resources required for financing the plan and sources have been specified (See table 4.6). Without a financial plan the plan cannot be implemented.

Table 4.5: Expenditure Items for 2014-2017

EXPENDITURE ITEMS AMOUNT PERCENTAGE Compensation 4,729515 22.8 Roads 495,000 2.4 Health 737,000 3.5 Education 6,250,629.30 30.1 Water 620,000 3.0 Sanitation 2,127,000 10.2 Electricity 295,000 1.4 Agric and Natural Resource 132,000 0.6 Others 6,159,264.65 25.9 Total 21,545,408.95 100.0

Table 4.6 : Revenue Sources for 2014-2017 PERCENT AMOUNT SOURCE GOG 9,076,757 44.9 DACF 5,573,645 27.6 DACF(MP) 704,000 3.5 DDF 2,480,000 12.3 IGF 2,393,300 11.8 TOTAL 20,227,702 100.0 Source: Sekyere East District Assembly, Effiduase, 2014

244

From the composite programme of action, about GH¢21,545,408.95 would be required to finance the programme within the plan period. However, from the financial plan (Table 4.6) total resources that can be mobilized for the plan period would be about GH¢20,227,702.00, all things being equal. Thus, the resource gap is GH¢21,545,408.95-GH¢20,227,702.00=GH¢ 1,317,706.95

Additional resources would have to be mobilized to fill the gap. Strategies to be employed for the resources mobilization would be;

1. An appeal would be made to the citizens of the district resident abroad to assist the district in its development agenda for the period

2. An investment proposal and business plans would be prepared and displayed at the Assembly’s website to attract investors into the district as well as seek funding for some proposed projects in the areas of roads, water and sanitation and farming from relevant industries.

3. In the areas of environmental sanitation, the Assembly would go into public-private- partnership with prospective private developers. Interested private developers would be allowed to build and operate the public toilets for some agreed specific time before the Assembly takes over.

Also starting with few selected settlements like Effiduase and Asokore refuse collection and disposal would be given to a private person to undertake on a pilot basis. The outcome would determine whether or not to replicate the exercise in the remaining settlements.

With regard to housing units for teachers/workers, the Assembly will liaise with the traditional authorities to release land to private estate developers to construct residential accommodation for workers/teachers

4. In a bid to tackle the high unemployment rate in the district, the Assembly would liaise with traditional authorities for a parcel of land to construct an industrial village, where the youth can be sent to learn some trade and employable skills.

245

5. Constant organization and education of community members to whip up their communal spirit would be given top priority.

This would encourage them to actively contribute towards development projects in their communities as well as attend communal labour in their numbers in ecstasy

6. Provisions in the Public Procurement Act, Act 663 would be strictly adhered to, to ensure value for money.

In view of the delay normally experience in the release of DACF and the unreliability of the GoG, the Assembly will have to step up its Internally Generated Revenue to help offset the gap that may be created.

The expected increase in revenue mobilization is likely to increase the Assembly’s Share of the DACF. Again through proposal writing to solicit for funding from other NGOs will also be pursued. Conscious effort will be made to identify Non-Governmental Organizations and development partners to assist in most of the interventions.

The Municipal Assembly will however strictly adhere to the various rules and regulations governing the disbursement of funds such as the Public Procurement Act, Financial Administration Act, and Internal Audit Act to ensure prudent financial management.

246

CHAPTER FIVE Implementation Arrangements This section looks at the implementation arrangements for the plan and annual action plans with budget.

5.1 Implementation Plan

The implementation of the plan will involve all relevant stakeholders, though with different roles and at different levels. The District Assembly and the communities as the principal actors in the implementation process will assume greater responsibility in ensuring the successful implementation of the plan through the District Planning Co-ordinating Unit (DPCU), and the Local Project Management Committees of the Town-Area Councils. Other stakeholders that will be involved in the implementation process include Development Partners, Decentralized Departments, Private sector, NGOs, CBOs and subvented organizations.

5.2 Annual Action Plans

The District Medium Term Development Plan 2014-2017 has been phased into annual action plans, beginning from 2014 up to 2017 (See table 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4)

These annual action plans show the programmes and projects that would be implemented from 2014 up to 2017 among other things, with project locations, implementing agency, cost involved, sources of funding and monitoring and evaluation agency.

247

Table 5.1: ANNUAL ACTION PLAN 2014 Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Programme Project Location Output Indicator Collabor Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ating

1. Organize farmers’ day Selected farmers’ day DPCU/ MOFA DA 10,000 10,000 celebration communities Celebrated MOFA

2.Support farmers with Improved seedlings DPCU/ improved seeds and District wide MOFA DA 2,000 supplied MOFA planting materials 3.Assist farmers to Purchase Water Pumps District wide All year cropping MOFA DA 14,000 MOFA for Dry Season Farming 4.Establish Strategic stocks to support District wide MOFA MOFA NADMO 6,000 MOFA

Accelerated emergency preparedness 5. Assist farmers to Agricultural Drought resistant Cultivate drought District wide NRD DA 1,000 MOFA Modernization crops cultivated and Sustained resistant crops Natural 6.Educating farmers and provision of counselling Resource Farmers educated Management services to undertake and counselled on MOFA/N District wide MOFA NADMO 988 emergency preparedness emergency ADMO and disaster preparedness management scheme 7. Provide funds for cocoa spraying District wide MOFA DA 80,000 MOFA cocoa spraying exercise exercise done 8.Encourage farmers to Farmers go into Undertake Agro-forestry District wide NRD FC 2,000 MOFA agro forestry MOFA/N 9.Educate farmers on Bush fires District wide NADMO FS 1,000 ADMO/F bushfires prevented S

248

10.Undertake campaign Land and water against indiscriminate District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA pollution reduced use of agro-chemicals 11. Establish fire Fire volunteers NADMO volunteers in District wide NADMO FS 1,000 established /FS communities 12.Conduct education Water bodies on preservation of water District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA preserved bodies 13.Undertake public Public educated on education on District wide rain/wind storm NADMO MOFA 1,000 NADMO Rain/windstorm disaster disaster 14.Undertake tree Trees planted in planting in schools and District wide NRD DA/WVI 1,000 DPCU schools Communities 15. Provide relief items Relief items District wide NADMO DA 2,000 DPCU to disaster victims provided Technology 16.Undertake improvement in technology Asokore BAC DA 1,000 DPCU palm oil improvement in palm oil undertaken

249

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Programme Agencies M & E Project Location Output Indicator Sector 2n Collabor Agency 1st 3rd 4th Lead Local External d ating 17. Completion of 1No Lockable stores Asokore WD - 13,535.26 - DPCU 40-unit lockable stores completed Activities of feeder 18. Support activities of District wide roads department WD - 50,000 DPCU feeder roads department supported 19.Maintenance of Feeder Roads District Wide WD - 10,000 DPCU Feeder Roads maintained 20. Creation of access Access roads Asokore WD - 7,165.00 - DPCU roads at Asokore created 21. Creation of access Access roads Effiduase WD - 5,883.00 - DPCU roads at Effiduase created 22. Construction of foot Foot bridge Asokore WD - 88,000.00 - DPCU bridge at Asokore constructed 23. Purchase of 200 200 complete Infrastructure, complete luminaries Administration streetlights WD - 125,000 - DPCU Energy and streetlights purchased Human 24. Purchase of 200 low 200 low tension DPCU/ Settlements District Wide WD ECG 120,000 - tension electricity poles poles purchased ECG 25. Purchase of Electrical materials District Wide WD - 34,112.45 - DPCU Electrical Materials purchased 26. Realignment of Effiduase Electricity poles WD - 10,859.54 - DPCU electricity poles Asokore realigned Electrical 27. Undertake District accessories DPCU/ wide Streetlight District Wide WD ECG 22,961.50 20,000 purchased and ECG improvement project installed Effiduase 28.Const. of 2No 6- Improved access to DPCU/ Market DEHU DA 35,000.00 - seater WC toilet toilets MMC Asokore Market

250

DPCU 29. Completion of 1N0. Improved access to 12 seater aqua privy Nsutam DEHU DA 2,000.00 - toilets Toilet facility DPCU 30. Construction of Renovated Effiduase DEHU DA 81,000 - slaughter house slaughter house

Asokore 31. Rehabilitation of T. I. Improved access to DEHU DA - 8,000 DPCU 3No.Public Toilets AhmadiyyaAhin toilets boboano

32. Provision for waste Enhanced waste District wide DEHU DEHU 50,000 - DPCU mgt management

Nkwankwanua Improved access to 33. Construction of 3No. Kobriso toilets DEHU DEHU 130,000 DPCU Aqua-Privy Toilets Asokore Gyidim

34. Construction and Improved access to mechanisation of 3No. Effiduase toilets WD DEHU - 45,000 DPCU boreholes for Effiduase Asokore

and Asokore

35. Mechanisation of 9 Selected Improved access to WD DEHU - 69440 DPCU boreholes communities water

Infrastructure, DPCU Energy and Asokore/ Human 36. Evacuation of refuse Refuse evacuated DEHU DA 10,000 - Effiduase Settlements (IEHS)

251

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Programme Output Agencies M & E Project Location Sector Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting 37. Construction of Improved 1No. 4 unit Midwifery Asokore access to GHS MP/CA 113,923 DPCU School health service Improved 38. Completion of access to Maternity Clinic at Okaikrom GHS DA 2,627 - DPCU Human health Okaikrom Development, facilities Productivity 39. Support for District HIV/AIDS and Response Initiative on District wide Programmes GHS DRIT 16,000 DPCO Employment HIV/AIDS supported 40. Completion of 1No 12-unit Effiduase 2-storey12-unit classroom GES DA 344,631 - DPCU Zongo classroom block block Improved 41. Construction of access to 1No 2-unit KG block Anunya GES DA 40,000 - DPCU educational with ancillary facilities infrastructure

2 No. 3-Unit 42. Completion of 2 No. teachers 3-Unit teachers quarters Ahinsan quarters at GES DA 60,000 - DPCU at Ahinsan Ahinsan

completed

43. Construction of Improved Ogua 1No. 2-Unit KG Block access to GES DA 18,500 - DPCU with office store and educational

sleeping Room infrastructure 44. Construction of Improved 1No. 3-Unit classroom access to Block and 1No. 3-Unit Motokrodua GES DA 49,500 - DPCU educational teachers quarters at infrastructure Motokrodua 45. Construction of Improved Odurokrom GES DA 4,000 - DPCU 1No. 3 Unit Classroom access to

252

Block educational

infrastructure 46. Construction of Improved 1No. 3 Unit Classroom access to Ntumkumso GES DA 20,000 - DPCU Block with office & educational store infrastructure 47. Renovation of 1No. Improved 3-unit classroom block access to and construction of 2- Effiduase GES DA 48,000 DPCU educational unit KG block at infrastructure Effiduase R/C Students/pupil s supported 48. Support for District financially to District wide GES DA 20,000 - DPCU Education Fund continue their education

Improved 49. Construction of 1 access to No. 2-Unit KG Block Nkwankwan educational GES DA 59,000 - DPCU with Sleeping Room and ua infrastructure 2-Seater KVIP

Improved 50. Construction of 2No Nkwankwan access to GES DA 42,000 - DPCU 6-unit classroom block ua/Ntinku educational infrastructure Improved

51. Construction of 1No access to Bomso GES DA 30,000 - DPCU 6-unit classroom block educational infrastructure 52. Construction of 1No Improved 3-unit block and access to renovation of 1No. 3- Effiduase GES DA 25,000 - DPCU educational unit classroom at infrastructure Effiduase Presby 53. Construction of 1No Effiduase Improved GES DA 34,000 - DPCU

253

5-unit pre-school block access to at Effiduase Presby educational infrastructure Students’ Knowledge in DPCU/GE 54. Support for STME District wide science and GES DA 2,000 - S mathematics enhanced 55. Construction of 1 Football field DPCU/ Effiduase GES MP/DA 160,000.00 - No. Football Field provided GES 56. Fencing of District Football field DPCU/GE Effiduase GES DA 40,000.00 - sports field at Effiduase fenced S 57. Registration of Persons persons living with living with DPCU/ Dist wide DoSW 3,310.00 - Disabilities in the disabilities DoSW

District registered Day Care 58. Inspection and Centres DPCU/ certification of day care Dist wide DoSW 3,000 - inspected and DoSW centres Certified 59. Education of groups DA Depart. on the modern co- 10 groups Dist wide Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU operative techniques educated operative 60. Register ten (10) co- Depart. DA 10 societies operative societies Dist wide Of Co- 500 - DPCU registered operative 61.Undertake Technology DA technology improvement improvement in soap Dist wide in soap BAC 500 - DPCU making making undertaken 62. Train Leaders of co- DA operatives in group Leaders of co- Depart. dynamics leadership Dist wide operative Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU skills and accounting trained operative

254

63. Provide business Counseling for counseling for Dist wide businesses BAC DA 1,000 - DPCU businesses done

64. Build capacity of - staff and Assembly Reports of members Dist wide training CA 11,000.00 - DPCU workshops

65.Provide assistance to PWDs in

persons with Disabilities income DPCU/ District wide DoSW DA/WVI 64,000 - in the District generating GES

SOCIAL activities 66.Support for School School PROTECTIO Beneficiary DPCU/ Feeding Programme children are GES DA 5,000 - N AND Schools GES VULNERAB fed ILITY 67.Provide Relief items Relief items

to disaster Victims Disaster provided to DPCU/ NADMO DA 30,000 - affected disaster DoSW Victims

255

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget M & E Agencies Programme Sector Project Location Output Indicator Agenc Collabo 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External y rating 68.Support for security Support offered District services/ departments of security services/ CA - 20,000 - DPCU wide the Assembly departments 69. Support for District Building materials community self-help CA - 100,000 - DPCU wide bought projects 70. Const of 1No. 10 Guest house Asokore WD - 80,000 - DPCU unit guest house constructed 71. Completion of old Old Assembly Effiduase WD - 49,934.62 - DPCU District Assembly Block block completed 72. Completion of District Assembly Effiduase WD - 7,600.00 - DPCU District Assembly Block block completed 73. Completion of District Magistrate District Magistrate Court Effiduase Court building WD - 13,000.00 - DPCU building completed 74. Provide fund for purchase of office Effiduase offices Furnished CA - 35,000 - DPCU Machines Women’s 75. Undertake home knowledge and visits and educate District skills in home DoCD DA 2,000 - DPCU women in home wide management management enhanced 76. Pay travelling and transport allowance to District travelling and Assembly staff, Administr transport FD DA 18,400 - DPCU Assembly members and ation allowance paid Town and Area council members 77. Provide funds for District Vehicles CA - 91,600 - DPCU running cost and Administr maintained and

256

maintenance of official ation functioning vehicles, tractor and grader vehicle 78. Provide funds for maintenance vehicle maintenance District allowance, transfer allowance, transfer grant Administr grant and non- CA - 3,000 - DPCU and non-availability ation availability allowance allowance of staff paid 79. Provide funds for the District Office facilities purchase of office Administr CA - 4,500 - DPCU purchased facilities ation District 80. Provide funds to pay Administr Utility bills paid CA - 6,700 - DPCU utility bills ation 81. Procure District Stationary and stationary/printing Administr printing materials CA - 6,000 - DPCU materials for office use ation procured Training for 82. Organise training for Central Assembly staff & Assembly staff & Administr CA - 50,000 - DPCU Assembly Assembly members ation members organised 83. Undertake Street Central Names assigned to Naming and Property Administr CA - 10,000 - DPCU streets Addressing project ation 84. Training of Heads of Central Report of training Departments on projects Administr CA - 13,000 - DPCU programme proposal development ation 85. Training of heads of Central department in project Report of training Administr CA - 13,000 - DPCU monitoring and programme ation supervision Central 86. Training of core staff Report of training Administr CA - 10,000 - DPCU in gender mainstreaming programme ation 87. Organise training for Central Report of training CA - 13,000 - DPCU

257

revenue collectors Administr programme

ation Fund for 88. Provide funds for District library/gazette and library/gazette and Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU publications publications ation provided 89. provide funds for the District Bank charges on payment of bank charges Administr Assembly CA - 1,000 - DPCU in respect of Assembly ation transactions paid accounts 90. Provide funds for the District official guest accommodation of Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU accommodated official guest ation District 91. Provide funds for the Valued books Administr CA - 9,000 - DPCU purchase of value books purchased ation 92. Provide funds for District pay for the Accommodation of Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU accommodation of official guest paid ation official guest Machines, 93. Maintain and repair furniture, office machines, District buildings, sanitary furniture, buildings, Administr CA - 21,000 - DPCU facilities and sanitary facilities and ation market structures market structures in good condition 94. Provide funds for the Sitting allowance payment of sitting District and refreshment of allowance and Administr FD - 46,000 - DPCU Assembly refreshment of ation members paid Assembly members 95. Provide funds for the District payment of commission Administr Commissions paid FD - 20,000 - DPCU to commission collectors ation 96. Provide uniforms for District Assembly staff Administr Uniforms provided CA - 500 - DPCU

ation

258

97. Provide funds for Sports and cultural District sports and cultural activities CA - 500 - DPCU wide development undertaken advertisement and 98. Undertake District health education advertisement and health CA - 500 - DPCU wide programmes education programmes undertaken 99. Provide funds for the District Funeral expenses payment of funeral CA - 4,000 - DPCU wide of paupers paid expenses of paupers 100. Provide funds for District Funds for official CA - 2,000 - DPCU official functions wide functions provided 101. Provide funds for District Entertainment fees the payment of Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU paid entertainment fees ation 102. Provide funds for District Presiding the payment of presiding Administr members’ monthly CA - 2,400 - DPCU members’ monthly ation allowance paid allowance 103. Provide funds for District Postal and the payment of postal Administr telephone charge CA - 5,000 - DPCU and telephone charge ation paid 104. Manage sanitation District and procure sanitary Administr Clean environment CA - 2,000 - DPCU tools ation District Funds provided for 105. Provide funds for Administr miscellaneous CA - 14,190 - DPCU miscellaneous expenses ation expenses 106. Provide funds for District Medical expenses the payment of medical Administr CA - 1,000 - DPCU paid expenses ation 107. Provide funds for District Legal expenses the payment of legal Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU paid expenses ation 108. Undertake District Donations, donations, contributions Administr contributions and CA - 10,000 - DPCU and awards ation awards undertaken

259

District 109. Provide incentive Incentive packages Administr CA - 1,000 - DPCU packages to staff to staff ation 110. Provide funds for District the payment of Employees Finance Administr - 600,000 - DPCU compensation of compensation paid Dept ation employees Salaries, 111. Provide funds for allowances and the payment of salaries, District 18% SSF of non- allowances and 18% Administr CA - 22,260 - DPCU mechanised staff SSF of non-mechanised ation of the Assembly staff of the Assembly paid District Funds for IGF 112. Provide funds for Administr capital projects CA - 117,548 - DPCU IGF capital projects ation provided 113. Support for MP’s District MP’s activities CA - 20,000 - DPCU activities wide supported 114. Strengthen 5 Five Town/Area District Town/Area councils councils CA - 32,000 - DPCU wide annually strengthened 115. Provide funds for Caterers of the the payment of caterers Selected Ghana School CA - 953,160 - DPCU of the Ghana School schools Feeding Feeding Programme Programme paid 116. Provide funds for Central Other recurrent other recurrent Administr CA - 30,000 - DPCU expenditures met expenditures ation 117. Organise statutory Central statutory planning planning sub-committee Administr sub-committee PPD - 1,000 - DPCU meeting ation meeting organised 118. Organize one technical sub- Central technical sub-committee committee Administr PPD - 400.00 - DPCU meeting on quarterly meetings held ation basis quarterly 119. Liaise with the District Enhanced PPD - 1,747 - DPCU Works Department to wide development 260

conduct inspection of control physical development in the district Data on nominal 120. Update data on Central roll/socio nominal roll/socio Administr CA - 10,000 - DPCU economic data economic data ation updated Central 121. Resource the DPCU well Administr CA - 20,000 - DPCU DPCU annually resourced ation 122. Monitor District Monitoring reports Programmes and prepared and District Projects and Annual Progress CA - 10,000 - DPCU wide Disseminate Annual Report

Progress Report Disseminated 123. Support for Central National /Official Official/public Administr CA - 30,000 DPCU Functions and Public functions held ation For a Central 124. Organise public for Public for a Administr CA - 10,000 - DPCU a annually organised ation 125. Organize pay your District Finance levy campaign Wide Improved IGF Dept 1000 DPCU Central 126. Preparation of Composite budget Administr CA DPCU Composite Budget prepared 5,000 ation 127. Provide funds for Central

Contingency and Administr CA 900,000 DPCU consultancy ation Central 128. Support of NALAG Nalag activities Administr CA - 500.00 DPCU activities supported ation Central 129. Purchase NALAG NALAG diaries Administr CA - 5,000 DPCU diaries purchased ation Women Empowerment

130.Organize STME Kumasi STME organized GES 3,000 GES 261

Clinic 131.Train women in Women engaged income generating District economic DoCD 4,812 DPCU activities wide activities Total 5,408,324.37 406,363.00

Table 5.2: ANNUAL ACTION PLAN 2015 Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Programme Project Location Output Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting Pay Your Levy Organize Pay Your Selected Campaign Levy Campaign in 10 FD CA 2,000.00 DPCU communities Organized in 10 Communities Communities Outsource rate Rate collection Ensuring District wide FD CA 1,000.00 DPCU Macro- collection outsourced economic Akwamu, Ensure collection of stability Senchi-Nyamfa, Ceded revenue ceded revenue items to FD CA 500.00 DPCU Mponua sub- items collected 3-Area Councils districts Organize stakeholders Stakeholdersinvolv District wide CA FD 400.00 DPCU meeting in rate fixing ed in rate fixing Technical Organize Technical Effiduase, workshop on batik, Workshop for 100 Asokore, tie and dye DT&I( Unemployed Youth CA 9,000.00 DPCU Enhanced Ntumkumso, organized for 100 BAC) and Women in in Competitiveness Okaikrom unemployed youth Batik, Tie and Dye of Ghana’s and women Private Sector Organize Technical Training Workshop Effiduase, 100 carpenters DT&I( CA 9,000.00 DPCU for 100 Carpenters on Asokore trained on finishing BAC) Finishing Accelerated 2. Organize farmers’ day Selected Farmers’ day DPCU/ Agricultural MOFA CA 10,000 10,000 celebration community Celebrated MOFA Modernization 262

and Sustained 2.Support farmers with Improved seedlings DPCU/ Natural improved seeds and District wide MOFA CA 2,000 supplied MOFA Resource planting materials Management 3.Assist farmers to Purchase Water Pumps District wide All year cropping MOFA CA 14,000 MOFA for Dry Season Farming 4.Establish Strategic stocks to support District wide MOFA MOFA NADMO 6,000 MOFA emergency preparedness 5. Assist farmers to Drought resistant Cultivate drought District wide NRD CA 1,000 MOFA crops cultivated resistant crops 6.Educating farmers and provision of counseling Farmers educated services to undertake and counseled on MOFA/N District wide MOFA NADMO 988 emergency preparedness emergency ADMO and disaster preparedness management scheme 7. Provide funds for cocoa spraying District wide MOFA DA 80,000 MOFA cocoa spraying exercise exercise done 8.Encourage farmers to Farmers go into Undertake Agro-forestry District wide NRD FC 2,000 MOFA agro forestry MOFA/N 9.Educate farmers on Bush fires District wide NADMO FS 1,000 ADMO/F bushfires prevented S 10.Undertake campaign Land and water against indiscriminate District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA pollution reduced use of agro-chemicals 11. Establish fire Fire volunteers NADMO volunteers in District wide NADMO FS 1,000 established /FS communities 12.Conduct education Water bodies on preservation of water District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA preserved bodies 13.Undertake public Public educated on education on District wide rain/wind storm NADMO MOFA 1,000 NADMO Rain/windstorm disaster disaster 263

14.Undertake tree Trees planted in planting in schools and District wide NRD CA/WVI 1,000 DPCU schools Communities

15. Provide relief items Relief items District wide NADMO CA 2,000 DPCU to disaster victims provided

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Programme Agencies M & E Project Location Output Indicator Sector 2n Collabor Agency 1st 3rd 4th Lead Local External d ating 17. Rehabilitation of Market sheds Asokore WD CA 5,000.00 - DPCU Market Shed rehabilitated Activities of feeder 18. Support activities of District wide roads department WD CA 50,000 DPCU feeder roads department supported 19.Maintenance of Feeder Roads District Wide WD CA 30,000.00 DPCU Feeder Roads maintained 20. Creation of access Effiduase, Access roads WD CA 15,000.00 - DPCU roads Asokore created Infrastructure, 25. Purchase of Electrical materials Energy and District Wide WD - 34,112.45 - DPCU Electrical Materials purchased Human Settlements 28.Const. of 2No 12- Improved access to DPCU/ Bomso, Senchi DEHU CA 120,000.00 Seater Aqua-Privy toilets MMC Toilet

29. Construction of 1No. Improved access to 10 Seater Aqua- Privy Buoya DEHU CA 50,000.00 toilets Toilet facility DPCU Construction of 12- Inproved access to Seater Aqua-Privy Asokore Zongo DEHU CA 70,000.00 DPCU toilet facilities Toilet at Asokore Zongo 264

32. Provision for waste mgt Enhanced waste District wide DEHU CA 20,000.00 DPCU management

Daaman, Nsutam, Odurokrom, Construction and Kobriso, Improved access to Mechanization of Okoase, WKS CA - 120,000.00 DPCU water 8boreholes Effiduase Barrier, Asokore continuation, Zion Infrastructure, Rehabilitation of Improved access to Effiduase WKS CA 10,000.00 - DPCU Energy and Assembly Water System water Human Rehabilitation of Improved access to Settlements Seniagya WKS CA 20,000.00 - DPCU Seniagya Water System water (IEHS) Construction and Adansuagya, Improved access to mechanization of 4 No Etia, Santasi, WKS CA 60,000.00 - DPCU water Boreholes Oworamso Enhanced Evacuation of Refuse District wide environmental WKS CA/EHU 20,000.00 - DPCU sanitation Funds provided for Provision for Disaster District wide disaster NADMO FD 6,000.00 DPCU Management management

265

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Programme Output Agencies M & E OProject Location Sector Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting Improved 37. Construction of Ahinsan access to GHS CA/WKS 150,000.00 - DPCU CHPS Compound health service Improved 38. Rehabilitation of Nkwankwanu access to GHS CA/WKS 10,000.00 - DPCU CHPS Compound a health Human Development, facilities Productivity Improved Construction of CHPS access to and Motokrodua GHS CA/WKS 120,000.00 DPCU Employment Compound health facilities

Support for NID District wide NID organized GHS FD 2,000.00 DPCU

39. Support for District HIV/AIDS Response Initiative on District wide Programmes GHS DRIT 16,000.00 DPCU HIV/AIDS supported

Erection of 2 No 3-Unit Presby Improved

Teachers’ Primary, access to GES CA 18,000.00 DPCU

Accommodation Effiduase accommodation

48. Support for District Students/pupil Education Fund s supported

financially to District wide GES CA 53,000.00 - DPCU continue their

education

Construction of 1 No. 3- Improved Saviour Unit Classroom Block access to Primary, GES CA 120,000.00 DPCU with office, store and 4- educational

Seater Toilet Facility Naaama facilities 266

Kitchen for

school feeding 49. Construction of Ahinsan programme GES CA/WKS 8,156.00 DPCU Kitchen for School constructed Feeding Programme at

SDA Primary

52. Construction of 1No 6-Seater Institutional Improved Toilet and Urinal access to Effiduase GES C/WKSA - 30,000.00 DPCU Facility at sanitary Demonstration Primary facility School Students’ Knowledge in 54. Support for STME District wide science and GES DA 10,000 - DPCU/GES mathematics enhanced 57. Registration of Persons persons living with living with Dist wide DoSW 3,310.00 - DPCU/ DoSW Disabilities in the disabilities

District registered Day Care 58. Inspection and Centres certification of Day Care Dist wide DoSW 3,000 - DPCU/ DoSW inspected and Centres Certified 59. Education of groups DA Depart. on the modern co- 10 groups Dist wide Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU operative techniques educated operative 60. Register ten (10) co- Depart. DA 10 societies operative societies Dist wide Of Co- 500 - DPCU registered operative

267

62. Train Leaders of co- DA operatives in group Leaders of co- Depart. dynamics leadership Dist wide operative Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU skills and accounting trained operative

63. Provide business Counseling for counseling for Dist wide businesses BAC DA 1,000 - DPCU businesses done

64. Build capacity of - staff and Assembly Reports of members Dist wide training CA 11,000.00 - DPCU workshops

65.Provide assistance to PWDs in

persons with Disabilities income District wide DoSW DA/WVI 64,000 - DPCU/ GES in the District generating

SOCIAL activities 66.Support for School School PROTECTIO Beneficiary Feeding Programme children are GES DA 5,000 - DPCU/ GES N AND Schools VULNERAB fed ILITY 67.Provide Relief items Relief items

to disaster Victims Disaster provided to NADMO DA 30,000 - DPCU/ DoSW affected disaster Victims

268

Implementing Programme Output Time Schedule Annual Budget Project Location Agencies M & E Sector Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting Transparent Support 68.Support for offered and security services/ District wide security CA - 20,000 - DPCU departments of the Accountable services/ Assembly departments Covernance 69. Support for Building community self-help District wide materials CA - 100,000 - DPCU projects bought 70. Rehabilitation ofAssembly’s ,Annex Office blocks and Department of Effiduase WD - 50,000 - DPCU rehabilitated Agriculture Office Block 74. Provide fund for offices purchase of office Effiduase CA - 35,000 - DPCU Furnished Machines Women’s 75. Undertake home knowledge and visits and educate District wide skills in home DoCD DA 2,000 - DPCU women in home management management enhanced 76. Pay travelling and transport allowance to travelling and Assembly staff, District transport FD DA 18,400 - DPCU Assembly members Administration allowance paid and Town and Area council members 77. Provide funds for running cost and Vehicles District maintenance of maintained and CA - 90,000.00 - DPCU Administration official vehicles, functioning tractor and grader

269

78. Provide funds for vehicle vehicle maintenance maintenance allowance, transfer allowance, grant and non- District transfer grant availability allowance CA - 7,000 - DPCU Administration and non-

availability

allowance of

staff paid

79. Provide funds for District Office facilities the purchase of office CA - 4,500 - DPCU Administration purchased facilities 80. Provide funds to District Utility bills CA - 6,700 - DPCU pay utility bills Administration paid 81. Procure Stationary and stationary/printing District printing CA - 6,000 - DPCU materials for office Administration materials use procured

Training for 82. Organise training Assembly staff Central for Assembly staff & & Assembly CA - 50,000 - DPCU Administration Assembly members members organized

. Training for 87. Organize training Central revenue CA - 13,000 - DPCU for revenue collectors Administration collectors organized Fund for 88. Provide funds for library/gazette District library/gazette and and CA - 5,000 - DPCU Administration publications publications provided 89. provide funds for Bank charges the payment of bank District on Assembly CA - 1,000 - DPCU charges in respect of Administration transactions Assembly accounts paid 270

90. Provide funds for District official guest the accommodation of CA - 4,000 - DPCU Administration accommodated official guest

91. Provide funds for District Valued books the purchase of value CA - 9,000 - DPCU Administration purchased books

Machines, 93. Maintain and furniture, repair office buildings, machines, furniture, District sanitary CA - 21,000 - DPCU buildings, sanitary Administration facilities and facilities and market market structures structures in good condition 94. Provide funds for Sitting the payment of sitting allowance and District allowance and refreshment of FD - 46,000 - DPCU Administration refreshment of Assembly Assembly members members paid 95. Provide funds for the payment of District Commissions FD - 20,000 - DPCU commission to Administration paid commission collectors Sports and 97. Provide funds for cultural sports and cultural District wide CA - 500 - DPCU activities development undertaken advertisement 98. Undertake and health advertisement and District wide education CA - 500 - DPCU health education programmes programmes undertaken 99. Provide funds for Funeral the payment of funeral District wide expenses of CA - 4,000 - DPCU expenses of paupers paupers paid 100. Provide funds for District wide Funds for CA - 2,000 - DPCU 271

official functions official functions provided 101. Provide funds for District Entertainment the payment of CA - 5,000 - DPCU Administration fees paid entertainment fees 102. Provide funds for the payment of Presiding presiding members’ District members’ monthly allowance CA - 2,400 - DPCU Administration monthly

allowance paid

103. Provide funds for Postal and District the payment of postal telephone CA - 5,000 - DPCU Administration and telephone charge charge paid 104. Manage District Clean sanitation and procure CA - 2,000 - DPCU Administration environment sanitary tools Funds provided 105. Provide funds for District for miscellaneous CA - 14,190 - DPCU Administration miscellaneous expenses expenses 106. Provide funds for District Medical the payment of CA - 1,000 - DPCU Administration expenses paid medical expenses 107. Provide funds for District Legal expenses the payment of legal CA - 4,000 - DPCU Administration paid expenses 108. Undertake Donations, donations, District contributions contributions and CA - 10,000 - DPCU Administration and awards awards undertaken

Incentive 109. Provide incentive District packages to CA - 1,000 - DPCU packages to staff Administration staff

272

110. Provide funds for Employees the payment of District Finance compensation - 600,000 - DPCU compensation of Administration Dept paid employees Salaries, 111. Provide funds for allowances and the payment of 18% SSF of salaries, allowances District non- CA - 22,260 - DPCU and 18% SSF of non- Administration mechanized mechanized staff of staff of the the Assembly Assembly paid Funds for IGF 112. Provide funds for District capital projects CA - 117,548 - DPCU IGF capital projects Administration provided 113. Support for MP’s MP’s activities District wide CA - 20,000 - DPCU activities supported 115. Provide funds for Caterers of the the payment of Ghana School Selected caterers of the Ghana Feeding CA - 953,160 - DPCU schools School Feeding Programme Programme paid 116. Provide funds for Other recurrent Central other recurrent expenditures CA - 30,000 - DPCU Administration expenditures met statutory 117. Organize planning sub- statutory planning Central committee PPD - 1,000 - DPCU sub-committee Administration meeting meeting organized 118. Organize one technical sub- technical sub- Central committee PPD - 400.00 - DPCU committee meeting on Administration meetings held quarterly basis quarterly 119. Liaise with the Works Department to Enhanced conduct inspection of District wide development PPD - 1,747 - DPCU physical development control in the district 273

Data on

120. Update data on nominal Central nominal roll/socio roll/socio CA - 10,000 - DPCU Administration economic data economic data updated 121. Resource the Central DPCU well CA - 20,000 - DPCU DPCU Administration resourced Monitoring 122. Monitor District reports Programmes and prepared and Projects and District wide Annual CA - 10,000 - DPCU Disseminate Annual Progress

Progress Report Report Disseminated 123. Support for National /Official Central Official/public Functions and Public CA - 30,000 DPCU Administration functions held Fora

Composite 126. Preparation of Central budget CA DPCU Composite Budget Administration 5,000 prepared 127. Provide funds for Central Contingency and CA Administration 900,000 DPCU consultancy NALAG 128. Support of Central activities CA - 500.00 DPCU NALAG activities Administration supported NALAG 129. Purchase Central diaries CA - 5,000 DPCU NALAG diaries Administration purchased Women

Empowerment STME GES 130.Organize STME Kumasi GES 3,000 organized Clinic 131.Train women in Women DoCD 4,812 DPCU

274

income generating District wide engaged activities economic activities

Total 4,137,427.45 606,156.00

Table 5.3: ANNUAL ACTION PLAN 2016 Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Programme Project Location Output Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting

Pay Your Levy Organize Pay Your Selected Campaign Ensuring Levy Campaign in 10 FD CA 2,000.00 DPCU communities Organized in 10 Macro- Communities economic Communities stability Organize stakeholders Stakeholdersinvolv District wide CA FD 400.00 DPCU meeting in rate fixing ed in rate fixing Organize Technical 150 cassava Effiduase, Training on Quality processors trained DT&I( Akuakrom, CA 9,000.00 DPCU Improvement for 150 on quality BAC) Ntumkumso Cassava Processors improvement Enhanced Rehabilitation of Cassava processing DT&I( Competitiveness Cassava Processing Asokore plant at Asokore CA 40,000 DPCU BAC) of Ghana’s Plant at Asokore functional Private Sector Organize Technical 150 unemployed Training in Soap youth and women DT&I( Making for 150 District wide CA 9,000.00 DPCU employed in soap- BAC) Unemployed Youth and making Women

Accelerated 3. Organize farmers’ day Selected Farmers’ day DPCU/ MOFA CA 10,000 10,000 Agricultural celebration community Celebrated MOFA Modernization and Sustained 2.Support farmers with District wide Improved seedlings CA DPCU/

275

Natural improved seeds and supplied MOFA 2,000 MOFA

Resource planting materials Management 3.Assist farmers to Purchase Water Pumps District wide All year cropping MOFA CA 14,000 MOFA for Dry Season Farming 4.Establish Strategic stocks to support District wide MOFA MOFA NADMO 6,000 MOFA emergency preparedness 5. Assist farmers to Drought resistant Cultivate drought District wide NRD CA 1,000 MOFA crops cultivated resistant crops 6.Educating farmers and provision of counseling Farmers educated MOFA/ services to undertake and counseled on District wide MOFA NADMO 988 NADM emergency preparedness emergency O and disaster preparedness management scheme 7. Provide funds for cocoa spraying District wide MOFA DA 80,000 MOFA cocoa spraying exercise exercise done 8.Encourage farmers to Farmers go into Undertake Agro-forestry District wide NRD FC 2,000 MOFA agro forestry MOFA/ 9.Educate farmers on Bush fires District wide NADMO FS 1,000 NADM bushfires prevented O/FS 10.Undertake campaign Land and water against indiscriminate District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA pollution reduced use of agro-chemicals 11. Establish fire Fire volunteers NADM volunteers in District wide NADMO FS 1,000 established O/FS communities 12.Conduct education Water bodies on preservation of water District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA preserved bodies 13.Undertake public Public educated on NADM education on District wide rain/wind storm NADMO MOFA 1,000 O Rain/windstorm disaster disaster

276

14.Undertake tree Trees planted in planting in schools and District wide NRD CA/WVI 1,000 DPCU schools Communities

15. Provide relief items Relief items District wide NADMO CA 2,000 DPCU to disaster victims provided

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Project Location Output Indicator 2n Collabor Agency 1st 3rd 4th Lead Local External d ating Activities of feeder 18. Support activities of District wide roads department WD CA 50,000 DPCU feeder roads department supported

19.Maintenance of 30 Feeder Roads District Wide WD CA 30,000.00 DPCU km Feeder Roads maintained 200 complete 23. Purchase of 200 Administration streetlights WD - 150,000 - DPCU Infrastructure, complete streetlights Energy,and purchased Human 24. Purchase of 200 low 200 low tension DPCU/ District Wide WD ECG 140,000 - Settlement tension electricity poles poles purchased ECG 3-communities Buoya, Extend electricity in 3 connected to the DPCU/ Motokrodua, WD ECG 40,000 - Communities national electricity ECG Tetekaaso grid

25. Purchase of Electrical materials District Wide WD - 20,000.00 - DPCU Electrical Materials purchased

Brofoyedru, Improved access to WKS CA/EHU 180,000 DPCU 28.Const. of 3 No 12- Ahotokrom, toilets

277

Seater Aqua-Privy Seniagya Toilet

Okaikrom, Daakoho, 29. Construction of 6 Awaham, Improved access to No. 10 seater aqua WKS EHU/CA 360,000.00 Ahensan, toilets DPCU privy Toilet facility Sataase, Tetekaso Construction of 2 No. Water Closet Toilet Improved access to Effiduase WKS EHU/CA 4,000.00 Facilities at Police toilets Barracks DPCU 32. Provision for waste Enhanced waste DPCU District wide EHU WKS/CA 10,000.00 mgt management Akuakrom, Brofoyedru, Nkwankwanua, 35. Construction and Bimma, Improved access to Mechanisation of 8 WKS CA - 120,000.00 DPCU Asukwakwaw water boreholes Daakoho, Mahinso, Akokoaso Infrastructure, DPCU Energy and Asokore/ Human 36. Evacuation of refuse Refuse evacuated DEHU DA 10,000 - Effiduase Settlements (IEHS)

278

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Programme Output Agencies M & E Project Location Sector Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting Improved 37.Rehabilitation of Akokoaso access to GHS CA/WKS 20,000.00 - DPCU Akokoaso Health Centre health service Improved Rehabilitation of Effiduase access to Human Reproductive and Child District GHS CA/WKS 25,000.00 - DPCU health Development, Health Block Hospital facilities Productivity and Employment Support for NID District wide NID supported GHS FD 3,000.00 DPCU

39. Support for District HIV/AIDS Response Initiative on District wide Programmes GHS DRIT 16,000 DPCU

HIV/AIDS supported

Okaikrom

JHS, Asokore Improved Construction of 3 No 3- access to RC Primary, GES CA - 360,000.00 DPCU Unit Classroom Block educational Effiduase infrastructure SDA Primary

Senchi Methodist Construction of 3 No 2- KG, Improved access to Unit Classroom Block Ntumkumso GES WKS/CA 300,000.00 DPCU educational

with sleeping room Presby KG, infrastructure Demonstratio n, Effiduase 48. Support for District Students/pupil Education Fund District wide s supported GES FD 53,000.00 DPCU financially to

279

continue their education

Students’ Knowledge in 54. Support for STME District wide science and GES DA 10,000 - DPCU/GES mathematics enhanced 57. Registration of Persons persons living with living with Dist wide DoSW 3,310.00 - DPCU/ DoSW Disabilities in the disabilities

District registered Day Care 58. Inspection and Centres certification of day care Dist wide DoSW 3,000 - DPCU/ DoSW inspected and centres Certified 59. Education of groups DA Depart. on the modern co- 10 groups Dist wide Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU operative techniques educated operative 60. Register ten (10) co- Depart. DA 10 societies operative societies Dist wide Of Co- 500 - DPCU registered operative 62. Train Leaders of co- DA operatives in group Leaders of co- Depart. dynamics leadership Dist wide operative Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU skills and accounting trained operative

63. Provide business Counselling counselling for Dist wide for businesses BAC DA 1,000 - DPCU businesses done

64. Build capacity of - staff and Assembly Reports of members Dist wide training CA 11,000.00 - DPCU workshops

280

65.Provide assistance to PWDs in

persons with Disabilities income District wide DoSW DA/WVI 64,000 - DPCU/ GES in the District generating

SOCIAL activities 66.Support for School School PROTECTIO Beneficiary Feeding Programme children are GES DA 5,000 - DPCU/ GES N AND Schools VULNERAB fed ILITY 67.Provide Relief items Relief items

to disaster Victims Disaster provided to NADMO DA 30,000 - DPCU/ affected disaster Victims

Implementing Programme Time Schedule Annual Budget M & E Agencies Project Location Output Indicator Agenc Sector Collabora 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External y ting 68.Support for security Support offered District services/ departments of security services/ CA - 20,000 - DPCU wide the Assembly departments

69. Support for District Building materials community self-help CA - 100,000 - DPCU wide bought projects

281

Assembly staff, ation allowance paid Assembly members and

Town and Area council members 77. Provide funds for running cost and District Vehicles maintenance of official Administr maintained and CA - 91,600 - DPCU vehicles, tractor and ation functioning grader vehicle 78. Provide funds for maintenance vehicle maintenance District allowance, transfer allowance, transfer grant Administr grant and non- CA - 3,000 - DPCU and non-availability ation availability allowance allowance of staff paid 79. Provide funds for the District Office facilities purchase of office Administr CA - 4,500 - DPCU purchased facilities ation District 80. Provide funds to pay Administr Utility bills paid CA - 6,700 - DPCU utility bills ation 81. Procure District Stationary and stationary/printing Administr printing materials CA - 6,000 - DPCU materials for office use ation procured

Training for 82. Organise training for Central Assembly staff & Assembly staff & Administr Assembly CA - 50,000 - DPCU Assembly members ation members organized

Fund for 88. Provide funds for District library/gazette and library/gazette and Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU publications publications ation provided

282

89. provide funds for the District Bank charges on payment of bank charges Administr Assembly CA - 1,000 - DPCU in respect of Assembly ation transactions paid accounts 90. Provide funds for the District official guest accommodation of Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU accommodated official guest ation District 91. Provide funds for the Valued books Administr CA - 9,000 - DPCU purchase of value books purchased ation 92. Provide funds for District pay for the Accommodation of Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU accommodation of official guest paid ation official guest Machines, 93. Maintain and repair furniture, office machines, District buildings, sanitary furniture, buildings, Administr CA - 21,000 - DPCU facilities and sanitary facilities and ation market structures market structures in good condition 94. Provide funds for the Sitting allowance payment of sitting District and refreshment of allowance and Administr FD - 46,000 - DPCU Assembly refreshment of ation members paid Assembly members 95. Provide funds for the District payment of commission Administr Commissions paid FD - 20,000 - DPCU to commission collectors ation 97. Provide funds for Sports and cultural District sports and cultural activities CA - 500 - DPCU wide development undertaken advertisement and 98. Undertake District health education advertisement and health CA - 500 - DPCU wide programmes education programmes undertaken 99. Provide funds for the District Funeral expenses payment of funeral CA - 4,000 - DPCU wide of paupers paid expenses of paupers 283

100. Provide funds for District Funds for official CA - 2,000 - DPCU official functions wide functions provided 101. Provide funds for District Entertainment fees the payment of Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU paid entertainment fees ation 102. Provide funds for the payment of presiding members’ monthly District Presiding allowance Administr members’ monthly CA - 2,400 - DPCU ation allowance paid

103. Provide funds for District Postal and the payment of postal Administr telephone charge CA - 5,000 - DPCU and telephone charge ation paid 104. Manage sanitation District and procure sanitary Administr Clean environment CA - 2,000 - DPCU tools ation District Funds provided for 105. Provide funds for Administr miscellaneous CA - 14,190 - DPCU miscellaneous expenses ation expenses 106. Provide funds for District Medical expenses the payment of medical Administr CA - 1,000 - DPCU paid expenses ation 107. Provide funds for District Legal expenses the payment of legal Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU paid expenses ation 108. Undertake District Donations, donations, contributions Administr contributions and CA - 10,000 - DPCU and awards ation awards undertaken

District 109. Provide incentive Incentive packages Administr CA - 1,000 - DPCU packages to staff to staff ation 110. Provide funds for District Employees Finance - 600,000 - DPCU

284

the payment of Administr compensation paid Dept compensation of ation employees Salaries, 111. Provide funds for allowances and the payment of salaries, District 18% SSF of non- allowances and 18% Administr CA - 22,260 - DPCU mechanised staff SSF of non-mechanised ation of the Assembly staff of the Assembly paid District Funds for IGF 112. Provide funds for Administr capital projects CA - 117,548 - DPCU IGF capital projects ation provided

113. Support for MP’s District MP’s activities CA - 20,000 - DPCU activities wide supported

115. Provide funds for Caterers of the the payment of caterers Selected Ghana School CA - 953,160 - DPCU of the Ghana School schools Feeding Feeding Programme Programme paid 116. Provide funds for Central Other recurrent other recurrent Administr CA - 30,000 - DPCU expenditures met expenditures ation 117. Organise statutory Central statutory planning planning sub-committee Administr sub-committee PPD - 1,000 - DPCU meeting ation meeting organised 118. Organise one technical sub- Central technical sub-committee committee Administr PPD - 400.00 - DPCU meeting on quarterly meetings held ation basis quarterly 119. Liaise with the Works Department to Enhanced District conduct inspection of development PPD - 1,747 - DPCU wide physical development in control the district Central 121. Resource the DPCU well Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU DPCU resourced ation

285

122. Monitor District Monitoring reports Programmes and prepared and District Projects and Annual Progress CA - 10,000 - DPCU wide Disseminate Annual Report

Progress Report Disseminated 123. Support for National /Official Central Official/public Functions and Public Administr CA - 30,000 DPCU functions held Fora ation

Central 126. Preparation of Composite budget Administr CA DPCU Composite Budget prepared 5,000 ation 127. Provide funds for Central

Contingency and Administr CA 900,000 DPCU consultancy ation Central 128. Support of NALAG NALAG activities Administr CA - 500.00 DPCU activities supported ation Central 129. Purchase NALAG NALAG diaries Administr CA - 5,000 DPCU diaries purchased ation Women Empowerment

130.Organize STME GES Kumasi STME organized GES 3,000 Clinic 131.Train women in Women engaged DPCU income generating District economic DoCD 4,812 activities wide activities

Total 4,427,415.00 1,002,000.00

286

Table 5.4: ANNUAL ACTION PLAN 2017 Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Programme Project Location Output Indicator Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting

Pay Your Levy Organize Pay Your Selected Campaign Ensuring Levy Campaign in 10 FD CA 2,000.00 DPCU communities Organized in 10 Macro- Communities Communities economic stability Stakeholders Organize stakeholders District wide involved in rate CA FD 400.00 DPCU meeting in rate fixing fixing

4. Organize farmers’ day Selected Farmers’ day DPCU/ MOFA CA 10,000 10,000 celebration community Celebrated MOFA

2.Support farmers with Improved seedlings DPCU/ improved seeds and District wide MOFA CA 2,000 supplied MOFA planting materials 3.Assist farmers to Purchase Water Pumps District wide All year cropping MOFA CA 14,000 MOFA

Accelerated for Dry Season Farming Agricultural 4.Establish Strategic Strategic stocks stocks to support prepared to support Modernization District wide MOFA NADMO 6,000 MOFA and Sustained emergency preparedness emergency Natural preparedness 5. Assist farmers to Resource Drought resistant Cultivate drought District wide NRD CA 1,000 MOFA Management crops cultivated resistant crops 6.Educating farmers and provision of counseling Farmers educated MOFA/ services to undertake and counseled on District wide MOFA NADMO 988 NADM emergency preparedness emergency O and disaster preparedness management scheme 7. Provide funds for District wide cocoa spraying MOFA DA 80,000 MOFA 287

cocoa spraying exercise exercise done 8.Encourage farmers to Farmers go into Undertake Agro-forestry District wide NRD FC 2,000 MOFA agro forestry MOFA/ 9.Educate farmers on Bush fires District wide NADMO FS 1,000 NADM bushfires prevented O/FS 10.Undertake campaign Land and water against indiscriminate District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA pollution reduced use of agro-chemicals 11. Establish fire Fire volunteers NADM volunteers in District wide NADMO FS 1,000 established O/FS communities 12.Conduct education Water bodies on preservation of water District wide MOFA NADMO 4,000 MOFA preserved bodies 13.Undertake public Public educated on NADM education on District wide rain/wind storm NADMO MOFA 1,000 O Rain/windstorm disaster disaster 14.Undertake tree Trees planted in planting in schools and District wide NRD CA/WVI 1,000 DPCU schools Communities

15. Provide relief items Relief items District wide NADMO CA 2,000 DPCU to disaster victims provided

288

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies M & E Project Location Output Indicator 2n Collabor 1st 3rd 4th Lead Local External Agency d ating

Activities of feeder 18. Support activities of District wide roads department WD CA 50,000 DPCU feeder roads department supported

19.Maintenance of 20 Feeder Roads District Wide WD CA 25,000.00 DPCU km Feeder Roads maintained

Motokrodua, 28.Const. of 4No 10- Ahotokrom, Improved access to Seater Aqua-Privy WKS CA/EHU 200,000.00 DPCU Asokore South, toilets Toilet Adagya,

Infrastructure, Odurokrom, Energy, and Asukwakwaw Human ,Awaham, Settlement 29. Construction of 6 Anunya Improved access to DPCU No. 10 seater aqua WKS EHU/CA 360,000.00 Akwamu toilets privy Toilet facility Extension, Senchi

32. Provision for waste Enhanced waste DPCU District wide EHU WKS/CA 10,000.00 mgt management

Anunya,Kutia, Adagya, 35. Construction and Ahotokrom, Improved access to Mechanisation of 8 Tetekaaso, WKS CA - 130,000.00 DPCU water boreholes Asokore South, Oseikrom, Akwamu

289

Implementing Time Schedule Annual Budget Agencies Output Collabora M & E Project Location 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External Indicator ting Agency

Support for NID District wide NID supported GHS FD 3,000.00 DPCU

39. Support for District HIV/AIDS Response Initiative on District wide Programmes GHS DRIT 16,000 DPCU HIV/AIDS supported

Programme Sector 48. Support for District Students/pupil Education Fund s supported

financially to District wide GES FD 53,000.00 DPCU continue their

education

Students’ Knowledge in 54. Support for STME District wide science and GES DA 10,000 - DPCU/GES mathematics enhanced 57. Registration of Persons

persons living with living with Dist wide DoSW 3,310.00 - DPCU/ DoSW Disabilities in the disabilities

District registered

290

Day Care 58. Inspection and Centres certification of day care Dist wide DoSW 3,000 - DPCU/ DoSW inspected and centres Certified 59. Education of groups DA Depart. on the modern co- 10 groups Dist wide Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU operative techniques educated operative 60. Register ten (10) co- Depart. DA 10 societies operative societies Dist wide Of Co- 500 - DPCU registered operative 62. Train Leaders of co- DA operatives in group Leaders of co- Depart. dynamics leadership Dist wide operative Of Co- 1,000 - DPCU skills and accounting trained operative

63. Provide business Counselling counselling for Dist wide for businesses BAC DA 1,000 - DPCU businesses done

64. Build capacity of - staff and Assembly Reports of members Dist wide training CA 11,000.00 - DPCU workshops

65.Provide assistance to PWDs in

persons with Disabilities income District wide DoSW DA/WVI 64,000 - DPCU/ GES in the District generating

SOCIAL activities 66.Support for School School PROTECTIO Beneficiary Feeding Programme children are GES DA 5,000 - DPCU/ GES N AND Schools VULNERAB fed ILITY 67.Provide Relief items Relief items

to disaster Victims Disaster provided to NADMO DA 30,000 - DPCU/ affected disaster Victims

291

Implementing Programme Time Schedule Annual Budget Project Location Output Indicator Agencies M & E Sector Collabora Agency 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Lead Local External ting 68.Support for security Support offered District services/ departments of security services/ CA - 20,000 - DPCU wide the Assembly departments

69. Support for District Building materials community self-help CA - 100,000 - DPCU wide bought projects

74. Provide fund for purchase of office Effiduase offices Furnished CA - 35,000 - DPCU Machines Women’s 75. Undertake home knowledge and visits and educate District skills in home DoCD DA 2,000 - DPCU women in home wide management management enhanced 76. Pay travelling and transport allowance to District travelling and Assembly staff, Administr transport FD DA 18,400 - DPCU Assembly members and ation allowance paid Town and Area council members 77. Provide funds for running cost and District Vehicles maintenance of official Administr maintained and CA - 91,600 - DPCU vehicles, tractor and ation functioning grader 78. Provide funds for District vehicle vehicle maintenance Administr maintenance CA - 3,000 - DPCU allowance, transfer grant ation allowance, transfer 292

and non-availability grant and non- allowance availability

allowance of staff paid 79. Provide funds for the District Office facilities purchase of office Administr CA - 4,500 - DPCU purchased facilities ation District 80. Provide funds to pay Administr Utility bills paid CA - 6,700 - DPCU utility bills ation 81. Procure District Stationary and stationary/printing Administr printing materials CA - 6,000 - DPCU materials for office use ation procured

Training for 82. Organise training for Central Assembly staff & Assembly staff & Administr Assembly CA - 50,000 - DPCU Assembly members ation members organized

Central . Training for 87. Organize training for Administr revenue collectors CA - 13,000 - DPCU revenue collectors ation organized Fund for 88. Provide funds for District library/gazette and library/gazette and Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU publications publications ation provided 89. provide funds for the District Bank charges on payment of bank charges Administr Assembly CA - 1,000 - DPCU in respect of Assembly ation transactions paid accounts 90. Provide funds for the District official guest accommodation of Administr CA - 4,000 - DPCU accommodated official guest ation District 91. Provide funds for the Valued books Administr CA - 9,000 - DPCU purchase of value books purchased ation 92. Provide funds for District Accommodation of CA - 4,000 - DPCU 293

pay for the Administr official guest paid accommodation of ation official guest Machines, 93. Maintain and repair furniture, office machines, District buildings, sanitary furniture, buildings, Administr CA - 21,000 - DPCU facilities and sanitary facilities and ation market structures market structures in good condition 94. Provide funds for the Sitting allowance payment of sitting District and refreshment of allowance and Administr FD - 46,000 - DPCU Assembly refreshment of ation members paid Assembly members 95. Provide funds for the District payment of commission Administr Commissions paid FD - 20,000 - DPCU to commission collectors ation District 96. Provide uniforms for Administr Uniforms provided CA - 500 - DPCU Assembly staff ation 97. Provide funds for Sports and cultural District sports and cultural activities CA - 500 - DPCU wide development undertaken advertisement and 98. Undertake District health education advertisement and health CA - 500 - DPCU wide programmes education programmes undertaken 99. Provide funds for the District Funeral expenses payment of funeral CA - 4,000 - DPCU wide of paupers paid expenses of paupers 100. Provide funds for District Funds for official CA - 2,000 - DPCU official functions wide functions provided 101. Provide funds for District Entertainment fees the payment of Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU paid entertainment fees ation 102. Provide funds for District Presiding the payment of presiding Administr members’ monthly CA - 2,400 - DPCU members’ monthly ation allowance paid 294

allowance

IGF capital projects Administr capital projects

ation provided 113. Support for MP’s activities District MP’s activities CA - 20,000 - DPCU wide supported

115. Provide funds for Caterers of the the payment of caterers Selected Ghana School CA - 953,160 - DPCU of the Ghana School schools Feeding Feeding Programme Programme paid 116. Provide funds for Central Other recurrent other recurrent Administr CA - 30,000 - DPCU expenditures met expenditures ation 117. Organise statutory Central statutory planning planning sub-committee Administr sub-committee PPD - 1,000 - DPCU meeting ation meeting organized 118. Organise one technical sub- Central technical sub-committee committee Administr PPD - 400.00 - DPCU meeting on quarterly meetings held ation basis quarterly

119. Liaise with the Works Department to Enhanced District conduct inspection of development - 1,747 - DPCU wide physical development in control the district

Central 121. Resource the DPCU well Administr CA - 5,000 - DPCU DPCU resourced ation 122. Monitor District Monitoring reports Programmes and prepared and District Projects and Annual Progress CA - 10,000 - DPCU wide Disseminate Annual Report

Progress Report Disseminated 123. Support for Central National /Official Official/public Administr CA - 30,000 DPCU Functions and Public functions held ation Fora 296

Central 126. Preparation of Composite budget Administr CA DPCU Composite Budget prepared 5,000 ation 127. Provide funds for Contingency and Central consultancy Administr CA 900,000 DPCU ation

Central 128. Support of NALAG NALAG activities Administr CA - 500.00 DPCU activities supported ation Central 129. Purchase NALAG NALAG diaries Administr CA - 5,000 DPCU diaries purchased ation Women Empowerment

130.Organize STME GES Kumasi STME organized GES 3,000 Clinic 131.Train women in Women engaged DPCU income generating District economic DoCD 4,812 activities wide activities Total 3,710,915.00 630,000.00

297

5.2 Linking the Plan to the MTEF Annual Budget

The medium term development is estimated to cost the Assembly an amount of GHc21, 545,408.95. This amount include the cost of the mitigation measures (GHc780, 000) and contingency for unforeseen developments in the implementation of programmes and projects within the plan period. It will cost the Assembly an amount of GHc780, 000.00 to implement the mitigation measure to ensure the sustainability of the projects. The plan is then linked Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTEF). The MTEF consists of the following ;

 Personnel emolument  Administration  Services  Investment

The estimated amount to be used to execute the Development Plan is linked to the annual MTEF budget for the planned period as shown in the table 5.5 below:

Table 5.5 Area of Expenditure of the Plan Expenditure Item Estimated Cost GHc %

Personnel emolument 4,729,515.00 22.0

Administration 1,237,500.00 5.7

Services 5,973,261.45 27.7

Investment 9,605,132.50 44.6

Total 21,545,408.95 100.0 Source: DPCU, September, 2014

298

CHAPTER SIX

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS

6.1 Introduction

The thrust of the DMTDP prepared under the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA II) 2014 – 2017, is geared towards improving the living standards of the people within the district. The District Medium Term Development Plan for the period 2014-2017 details out key development issues which require appropriate implementation arrangements. This call for operational and administrative activities that track resource allocation, utilization and delivery of goods and services which is referred to as Monitoring and Evaluation.

A Monitoring and Evaluation arrangement has been incorporated the plan but a detailed Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for the period 2014-2017 would be prepared alongside, the preparation of the DMTDP.

6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation in Perspective

6.2.1 Definition of Monitoring

Monitoring is the systematic collection of data on specified indicators to track the use of resources and progress towards the achievement of stated goals, objectives and outputs. Monitoring ensures that the implementation process stays on course and the expected targets are achieved. It also assists in identifying deviations causes and the possible solutions to such deviations. Monitoring of the programmes and projects commences with the implementation of the programmes and projects.

6.2.2 Definition of Evaluation

Systematic collection of data on specified indicators conducted to ascertain whether the resources provided are producing the expected output and benefits and these benefits reach the target population.

6.2.3 Purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring is the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. It is aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a project or organization. It is based on targets set and activities planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work

299

on track, and can let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable tool for good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well used, whether the capacity you have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are doing what you planned to do.

Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans. It looks at what you set out to do, at what you have accomplished, and how you accomplished it. It can be formative (taking place during the life of a project or organization, with the intention of improving the strategy or way of functioning of the project or organization). It can also be summative (drawing learnings from a completed project or an organization that is no longer functioning). Someone once described this as the difference between a check-up and an autopsy!

What monitoring and evaluation have in common is that they are geared towards learningfrom what you are doing and how you are doing it, by focusing on:

 Efficiency

 Effectiveness

 Impact

Efficiency tells you that the input into the work is appropriate in terms of the output. Thiscould be input in terms of money, time, staff, equipment and so on. When you run a project and are concerned about its replicability or about going to scale,then it is very important to get the efficiency element right.

Effectiveness is a measure of the extent to which a development programme or projectachieves the specific objectives it set. If, for example, we set out to improve thequalifications of all the high school teachers in a particular area, did we succeed?

Impact tells you whether or not what you did made a difference to the problem situation you were trying to address. In other words, was your strategy useful? Did ensuring thatteachers were better qualified improve the pass rate in the final year of school? Before you decide to get bigger, or to replicate the project elsewhere, you need to be sure that what you are doing makes sense in terms of the impact you want to achieve.From this it should be clear that monitoring and

300

evaluation are best done when there hasbeen proper planning against which to assess progress and achievements.

Why Do Monitoring and Evaluation?

Monitoring and evaluation enable you to check the “bottom line” of development work: Not “are we making a profit?” but “are we making a difference?”Through monitoring and evaluation, you can:

 Review progress;

 Identify problems in planning and/or implementation;

 Make adjustments so that you are more likely to “make a difference”.

 Help you identify problems and their causes;

 Suggest possible solutions to problems;

 Raise questions about assumptions and strategy;

 Push you to reflect on where you are going and how you are getting there;

 Provide you with information and insight;

 Encourage you to act on the information and insight;

 Increase the likelihood that you will make a positive development d

6.3 Design of the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

The design of the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for the Sekyere East District Assembly is done in line with the guidelines presented by the NDPC. The main areas specified under the guidelines are summarized below:

6.3.1 The Goal and Objectives of the MTDP

The district development goal in line with the national medium term development policy framework (2014-2017), is stated as: “To attain a socially and economically empowered society through wealth creation in the areas of enhanced agricultural production, agro- processing, growth of local enterprises and entrepreneurs, development of production

301

infrastructure and human resource in a sustainable environment in partnership with the private sector.”

The objectives adopted from the GSGDA II to attain the district goal includes

 Improve fiscal revenue mobilization and management.

 Improve private sector productivity and competitiveness domestically and globally competences.

 Expand opportunities for job creation.

 Enhance capacity to mitigate and reduce the impact of natural disasters risks and vulnerability

 Create and sustain an efficient and effective transport system that meets user needs

 Provide adequate, reliable and affordable energy to meet the national needs and for export  Streamline spatial and land use planning system  Accelerate the provision of adequate, safe and affordable water  Accelerate the provision of improved environmental sanitation facilities  Ensure the development and implementation of health and hygiene education as a component of all water and sanitation programmes  Improve quality of teaching and learning  Bridge the equity gaps in access to health care  Provide adequate and disability friendly infrastructure for sports in communities and schools  Ensure effective appreciation of and inclusion of disability issues  Ensure effective implementation of the decentralisation policy and programmes

6.3.2 Status of Implementation of theDMTDP

Here, the earlier stages of implementation of the MTDP are reviewed. Thus an earlier indication is given as to whether the projects are on track, to meeting the set objectives. This gives an informed basis for which some further monitoring activities are specified in the M & E Plan.

302

6.3.3 Stakeholder Analysis

This aspect of the M&E Plan specifies the various stakeholders that are involved and responsible for the implementation of the DMTDP alongside the various duties required of these stakeholders. These stakeholders include the various decentralized Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), including NGOs, the Private Sector, CBOs, and other Civil Society Groups.

Their various roles during the plan implementation process are as vital as the roles the play in monitoring to ensure that their efforts are fruitful. Another key area is the collaboration and harmonization of their activities, in ensuring participatory plan implementation process.

6.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Conditions and Capacities

Certain necessary conditions and capacities ought to be created for effective and efficient monitoring and evaluation. The process of evaluating the status, conditions, needs and M&E capacity in the municipality would involve the follows:

 Approved District Medium Term Development Plan (2014-2017);  Availability/Utilization of funds;  Resource /Facilities;  M&E skills, knowledge and experience;  Motivation and experience;  Leadership/Management; and  Workload/Training requirements.

6.3.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators and Targets

The core indicators that are employed are based on the following assumptions:

 Indicators could be categorized into input, output, outcome and impact indicators;

 Be disaggregated (where possible) by age, gender and communities;

 Have information on how it will be measured and by whom;

 Indication of the frequency of monitoring;

 Have targets set for the DMTDP implementation period;

 Have baselines (these should be established where they are do not exist); and

 Have targets set on what can be achieved by 2017as well as annual targets.

303

With these assumptions the indicators are developed basing on inputs from the decentralized departments and other stakeholders that have a stake in the DMTDP and whose activities will assist in realizing the goals and the objectives of the DMTDP. The National indicators are also compared with the Assemblyindicators to assess the performance of the Assembly.

6.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix

The M&E matrix provides a format for presenting the input, output outcomes and impacts (and their corresponding activities) for each of the DMTDP objective. It outlines the overall monitoring and evaluation plan by including the list of methods to be used in collecting the data.

6.3.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Calendar

This presents the schedule of activities with respect to time and in relation to the sequence that need to be followed in ensure successive efficiency in the Monitoring and Evaluation. The calendar is also a tool to checking the progress of Monitoring and Evaluation activities.

6.3.8 Data Collection, Validation, Analysis and Use of Results

It is important to compile data in relation to the various projects and programmes under the set objectives being implemented. This is the only way by which progress can be made and for re- planning to be done. To this effect, the Assembly compiled a register of all on-going programmes and projects which forms the inputs during preparation of the DMTDP and built upon from both primary and secondary sources at the start of the M&E plan preparation.

One important feature of the data collection process will be the data validation forum, at which all stakeholders such as NGOs, CBOs, Decentralized Departments, and Agencies will meet to review the M&E data at monthly, quarterly and annual meetings through review workshops.

For the District M&E data to serve a useful purpose, it must be analyzed to identify key areas of concern not only to the Assembly but also to identify areas for growth and poverty reduction such as the agricultural, industrial and informal sector of the economy which is fast springing up in the urban centres. The Data will be analyzed to show the results being produced by each programme and project. Results from data analysis will form basis for further planned actions.

304

6.3.9 M&E Information System

The Assembly will be operating a well-functioning IT based monitoring information system effectively and efficiently, by entering data that will help to assess the success and impact of the implementation of the DMTDP and provide evidence for people in and outside the district to know the District performance in improving the quality of life of its citizenry. The Assembly will rely on software such as the Statistical Service Ghana Info Database for Collection, Analysis and Presentation, for the processing storage and dissemination of information.

6.3.10 M&E Reporting

In order to promote transparency and accountability in the project implementation process and allow the citizens have a role in the governance process, all programme and project actors such as the sub-structure actors (Unit Committees, Area Councilors, Traditional Authorities) departments and institutions will be briefed on the key observations and findings. The key implementers such as the DCE, Presiding Member, and Conveners of the various sub- committees would also be briefed through the report on the progress of work, observations, and gaps identified. The various observations and findings will be documented by the DPCU in the M&E Quarterly Report and Annual Progress. Report will be prepared at the end of the financial year from the various quarterly reports and monitoring and evaluation activities of the year.

6.3.11 Dissemination of the M&E Reports

In order to deepen decentralization and promote good governance through accountability and transparency the M&E reports will be shared among all stakeholders at all levels of the District Assembly Structures (Unit committees, Area and Urban Councils), Development Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Departments, MDAs, RPCU, NDPC, and the Media who will carry the report to a larger coverage – to enhance public awareness.

6.3.12 Monitoring and Evaluation Budget

Since M&E activities involve expenditure, the development budget must as a matter of urgency make the necessary budgetary allocation to finance the M&E Plan. The budget will cater for all the financial requirements of the various M&E activities. Availability of funds for the DMTDP implementation as well as financing M&E activities will ensure maximum success.

305

6.4 Evaluation

The District Assembly will undertake periodic rigorous evaluation at specified intervals. This is done to ascertain whether the resources provided are producing the expected output and benefits and whether these benefits reach the target population – making the desired impact.

The DPCU will conduct Mid-term and terminal evaluations of the DMTDP. It will also assess the performance of all projects when completed to ascertain if the intervention has achieved its original objectives and assess the overall changes caused by the intervention.

It is the cherished hope of the Assembly that the M&E Plan, if fully implemented will help to improve the quality of life of the people and also realized the goals and objectives of the in reducing poverty and creation of wealth for sustainable local economic development.

306

CHAPTER SEVEN Development of District Communication Strategy/Plan 7.1 Introduction

The Sekyere East District Assembly has embarked on an exercise to develop appropriate Communication Systems in order to improve its relationship with the population it serves. Appropriate communication systems would enable the District Assembly to meet its constitutional obligation as depicted in the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana

The development of appropriate communication systems would ensure that the District Assembly engages meaningfully with all stakeholders, thus creating a climate that engenders participative and democratic governance. In its quest to deliver best services to its constituency, the Sekyere East District Assembly has adopted the strategy outlined in this document.

7.2 Purpose and Objectives of Sekyere East District Assembly Communication Strategy

The Purpose of the Sekyere East District Assembly Communication Strategy is:

To help SEDA raise its profile in fulfilling its goal, objectives & mandates and also to equip SEDA partners through communications with information and knowledge sharing. To support the achievement of this purpose the SEDA Communication Strategy will focus on following objectives:

 Disseminate, programmes, projects, activities and Annual Progress Reports to inform/create awareness

 create awareness on the roles and expectations of the stakeholders in the implementation of the District programmes to improve their living conditions for the period 2010-2013

 promote dialogue and generate feedback on the performance of the District

 promote access and manage expectations of the public concerning the services of the District

307

7.3 Stakeholders/ Target Audience

The Sekyere East District Assembly is responsible for a number of stakeholder groups who form the constituency and clientele of the District Assembly. Others are service providers to the District Assembly. The stakeholders/target audiences include the following:

 Sub-district structure ( SDS)  The General Public- some tax payers  National Government and Regional Co-ordinating Council  The Staff of the District Assembly  The Business Sector-tax payers  Service Providers  Traditional Leaders)  Funding Agencies (Local and International)  NGO’s and CBO’s  Media-Radio & Television-Newspapers & Magazines  Political Parties

7.4 Formation of Development Communication Committee

In the absence of a Communication Unit within the DA, a Development Communication Committee, chaired by the Presiding Member would be established to generally oversee development communication issues in the district. Other members of the committee would include the following officers:

 District Co-ordinating Director  District Development Planning Officer  District Community Development Officer  District Director of NCCE  Public Relations Officer/Information Officer as Secretary.

7.5 Functions of the Communication Strategy Committee

Sekyere East District Assembly has seen the need to establish a Communications Strategy Committee which would be directly responsible for the following:

 Ensure communication with all stakeholders 308

 Distributing SEDA statements and documents to carefully targeted audiences

 Exhibitions

 Media Liaison & support (Developing and implementing communication strategies)

 Design Management (managing design of print adverts, pamphlets, posters)

 Developing and implementing communication Strategies

 Organizing press conferences

 Drafting and Issuing of press statements

 Organizing Interview Schedules

 Provide a press clipping service

 Monitor media coverage, both print and broadcast

 Contributing to website content:

 Work in co-operation with the DPCU to ensure a properly maintainedand updated Website.

The Secretariat of the Committee must be closed to the District Chief Executive/District Co- ordinating Director’s office to ensure speedy decisions oncommunication issues.

7.6 Communication Channels

SEDA will use the underlisted communication channels to achieve its objectives

 SEDA will use Community Durbars/ Special Days/events to disseminate information on development issues particularly the various development interventions and the expected roles of the beneficiaries. Yearly Sports day to sensitize the youths on HIV/AIDS, STDs, Employments opportunities, Environmental conservation, security, Entrepreneurships and other projects in DMTDP 2014-2017. Yearly Cultural Festivals to create awareness on the progress of DMTDP implementation  Use of existing groups-churches, mosque,

309

 Distributing brochures and fliers and using the Information van to pass information to the community on development activities taking place or those to happen in the near future. The posters, fliers and pamphlets will contain background of projects and completed projects.  Use of Community Information Centres which are located in these communities - Effiduase, Asokore, Seniagya, Okaikrom, Seniagya, Senchi, Nkwankwanua etc.

These centres willbe used to sensitize the communities on development programmers, projects and activities

 Notice Boards - Inaugurated projects - Award of Contracts - Revenue targets and performance  Panel Discussions on radio, TV, on development issues in the district. Phone in sections would be encouraged. Management will empanel a team base on the development issues to be discussed for such programmes.  TV Documentary on completed and on-going development projects in the district  General Assembly meetings- DCE Sessional Address to inform the General Assembly concerning DAs projects and the progress made within a yea  The DCE through the sessional address can highlight development interventions in the district. Head of departments could also brief the general assembly on progress of implementation on development programmes, projects and activities being implemented by the sectors.  DCE/Community interface to inform communities on the available development interventions in the various communities and the roles expected of the communities in the implementation of projects and also to explain project progress and receive feedback from the communities.  Websites- www.ghanadistricts. Posting programmes and projects reports on the District website. The website will be regularly updated.  Issuing the DMTDP 2014-2017 to Embassies, High Commissions and International Organizations for collaborations in project implementation

310

 Reporting: In pursuance of the Districts agenda to let the people become part of the development process, programme/ project actors, communities and sector departments will be made aware of the key observations and findings of the monitoring exercise. The DA will prepare quarterly and annual progress reports. The report will contain the following update

 Status of implementation of DMTDP  Programme/Project status for the quarter or year  Update on disbursements from funding sources  Update on Indicators & Targets  Update on critical Development and poverty issues  Participating M & E and other studies  Key issues addressed and those yet to be addressed  Recommendations.

To ensure increased participation, accountability and transparency, the contents of the Reports will be shared with stakeholders at all levels of the District Assembly Structure as well as RPCU, NDPC, MDAs and Development Partners.

For effective dissemination of the Reports in the District, the following strategies will be undertaken at various levels of the District Assembly’s structure:

 Community Meeting: The Annual M&E Reports will be presented to traditional rulers, representatives of Area Councils and their opinion leaders and task them to take the message back to their communities. Community Meetings will also be held in some selected communities especially capitals of Area Councils.  District Assembly Departments Discussions: All Quarterly Reports will be discussed with Assembly’s, Departments and relevant DA Development Partners.  Discussions with Identifiable Groups: meeting will be held with identifiable groups such as community Based Organisations, Civil Society Groups, Religious Organisation, Non- Governmental Organisation Women Groups, etc. to discuss the Annual Progress Reports.  Discussions on Local Information Centres

311

 Publication on Public Notice Boards: Copies of all Reports will be posted on public notice boards such as the District Assembly, Palaces and Post Offices. The DA will ensure that communication with the public is in the correct language for the targeted group of people. Media that is accessible to the targeted group of people would be utilized. AppropriateInformation that is relevant to situations, areas and people would be communicated on time to the relevant communities.

The DA will always ensure that there is a balance between the information created and disseminated to the communities, and the feedback from those communities. One-way communication does not promote understanding but rather breeds conflict and mistrust.

312

PUBLIC HEARING REPORT OF DRAFT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

NAME OF DISTRICT: Sekyere East

REGION: Ashanti

NAME URBAN/AREA COUNCIL: Effiduase

DATE: 18th Deceber,2014

MEDIUM OF INVITATION, NOTICES, ANNOUNCEMENT,ISSUED FOR PARTICIPANTS: Letters and Phone calls

NAMES OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS INVITED:

Chiefs, Town/Area Council members, Assembly members, Heads of departments, NGOs, CBOs, Assembly officials, Economic Groupings, Youth Associations, Unit, Physically Challenged and the general public

IDENTIFIABLE REPRESENTATIONS AT THE HEARING:

Chiefs, Economic Groupings, CBOs, NGOs, heads of departments and the general public

TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS AT THE HEARING: 268

NUMBER OF WOMEN AT THE HEARING: 102

LANGUAGES USED AT THE HEARING: Asante Twi and English

MAJOR ISSUES AT THE PUBLIC HEARINGS:

The financial gap

Local Economic Development

MAIN CONTROVERSIES AND MAJOR AREAS OF COMPLAINTS:

How to finance the gap

313

How to promote Local Economic Development in the district

PROPOSALS FOR THE RESOLUTION OF THE ABOVE CONTROVERSIES AND COMPLAINTS:

Assembly to generate more revenue internally as well as seek further assistance from development partners to finance the gap.

Beneficiary communities to contribute in cash or in kind to finance the gap

District Assembly to facilitate the growth of enterprises and entrepreneurs in the district

UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS OR QUERIES: Not applicable

AT WHAT LEVEL ARE THESE UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS GOING TO BE RESOLVED AND WHY:Not applicable

A BRIEF COMMENT ON GENERAL LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION: The forum was again well attended, very participatory and participants shared practical experiences on the way forward for the district.

ACCENT TO ACCEPTANCE OF PUBLIC HEARING REPORT:

District Chief Executive……………………………………………………………..

District Co-ordinating Director………………………………………………………

Presiding Member of the District Assembly…………………………………………

Chairperson of Development Planning Sub-Committee………………………………

District Development Planning Officer……………………………………………….

314

315