War Against Syria: U.S
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À_≠à_˝ˇ À_≠à_˝ˇ ÎÙ®˚È: 0017F ENGLISH Revision 1.1 Revision 1.1 PRINTED IN KOREA P/N : MMBB0125701 P/N : MMBB0125701 PRINTED IN KOREA ˆ_Çê_◊ SRPG ˆ_Çê_◊ ®Á¸È ÅÁÏ≥ë•©Ó GPRS Phone ®Á¸È ÅÁÏ≥ë•©Ó ®Á¸È USER’S MANUAL ÎÙ®˚È: 0017F ÎÙ®˚È: MODEL: F7100 ÅÁ≠òÇá Ÿ≠Åá˘˙ ˆ´Å ÅÁ©Á¸È àÃÇ˚¯˙ ŸâÈ ŸâÈ àÃÇ˚¯˙ ÅÁ©Á¸È ˆ´Å Ÿ≠Åá˘˙ ÅÁ≠òÇá Please read this manual carefully ê∑–¸È ò˜ÇÆ ÅÁëË÷ÙÚ Å†ë÷» ௠௠ņë÷» ÅÁëË÷ÙÚ ò˜ÇÆ ê∑–¸È before operating your set. ›Ï≠òÕ ’˝ˇ ÅÁÏ≥ë⁄âÈ. ÅÁÏ≥ë⁄âÈ. ’˝ˇ ›Ï≠òÕ Retain it for future reference. G•P•R•S•P•H•O•N•E G•P•R•S•P•H•O•N•E 1 1 À_≠à_˝ˇ ›Ï≠òÕ ’˝ˇ ÅÁÏ≥ë⁄âÈ. ê∑–¸È ò˜ÇÆ ÅÁ˜Çê◊. ņë÷» ௠ÅÁ≠òÇá Ÿ≠Åá˘˙ ˆ´Å ÅÁ©Á¸È àÃÇ˚¯˙ ŸâÈ ÎÙ®˚È: 0017F ®Á¸È ÅÁÏ≥ë•©Ó ˆ_Çê_◊ SRPG À_≠à_˝ˇ 3 À_≠à_˝ˇ  êËÏ¥ ÅÁ∑Ç†Ò à¸© Îâë˯˙. êë≥âä ’˝ˇ §√≠ ŧëÇ‹. †¸ñ ÅÉÔ¯ ˚°Ù˛ˇ ÀË˝ ÅÉòØÅá ∫–¸≠˘˙ ŸÇà˯˙ ÁÊÔ÷ªÇÍ ÎÏÇ Å†÷» ÅÁ˜Çê◊ ’˝ˇ ÎfiÇÚ ÄÎÒ àø©Å ÀÒ ÎëÇÛÍ Å¬÷ÇÍ Â ê⁄Ì àëôØÖ¯˙ ÅÁ˜Çê◊ ÅÉÛ ÅÁâ√Ǩ˚¯˙.  êÏ≥fl ÅÁ˜Çê◊ ษ‡ ÅÉîÇá Ÿ¸Ç®˘˙ ≤¸Ç¨êfl. ÅÉò˜Ø˘˙ ÅÁfiÏâ¸Ùê≠ Ûœ¸≠ˆÇ. Ÿ© ˚Ùıî≠ ÅÁë©Å§È ÅÁ√÷¸◊ ÀË˝ ÅÉò˜Ø˘˙ ÅÁëË÷Ø˚ÙÚ ÛÅÁ≠Å®˚Ù, ÛÎ≥ÇÀ©Åì ÅÂò˜Ø˘˙ ÅÁ≥Ïø¯˙. -
'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To
‘The Left’s Views on Israel: From the establishment of the Jewish state to the intifada’ Thesis submitted by June Edmunds for PhD examination at the London School of Economics and Political Science 1 UMI Number: U615796 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615796 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7377 POLITI 58^S8i ABSTRACT The British left has confronted a dilemma in forming its attitude towards Israel in the postwar period. The establishment of the Jewish state seemed to force people on the left to choose between competing nationalisms - Israeli, Arab and later, Palestinian. Over time, a number of key developments sharpened the dilemma. My central focus is the evolution of thinking about Israel and the Middle East in the British Labour Party. I examine four critical periods: the creation of Israel in 1948; the Suez war in 1956; the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and the 1980s, covering mainly the Israeli invasion of Lebanon but also the intifada. In each case, entrenched attitudes were called into question and longer-term shifts were triggered in the aftermath. -
CRS Report for Congress Received Through the CRS Web
Order Code RS2 1973 November 16 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Al Qaeda Statements and Evolving Ideology Christopher Blanchard Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs Defense and Trade Division Summary The release ofa new videotape by Osama Bin Laden in late October 2004 rekindled public debate surrounding Al Qaedas ideology motives and future plans to attack the United States The highly political tone and content of the two most recent statements released by Osama Bin Laden and October 2004 have led some terrorism analysts to speculate that the messages may signal new attempt by Bin Laden to create lasting political leadership role for himself and Al Qaeda as the vanguard of an international Islamist ideological movement Others have argued that Al Qaedas presently limited capabilities have inspired temporary rhetorical shift and that the groups primary goal remains carrying out terrorist attacks against the United States and its allies around the world with particular emphasis on targeting economic infrastructure and fomenting unrest in fraq and Afghanistan This report reviews Osama Bin Ladens use of public statements from the mid-1990s to the present and analyzes the evolving ideological and political content of those statements The report will be updated periodically For background on the Al Qaeda terrorist network see CRS Report R52 1529 Al Qaeda after the Iraq Conflict Al Qaedas Media Campaign Osama Bin Laden and the Al Qaeda terrorist network have conducted sophisticated public relations and -
Peace, Propaganda, and the Promised Land
1 MEDIA EDUCATION F O U N D A T I O N 60 Masonic St. Northampton, MA 01060 | TEL 800.897.0089 | [email protected] | www.mediaed.org Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land U.S. Media & the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Transcript (News clips) Narrator: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict dominates American news coverage of International issues. Given the news coverage is America's main source of information on the conflict, it becomes important to examine the stories the news media are telling us, and to ask the question, Does the news reflect the reality on the ground? (News clips) Prof. Noam Chomsky: The West Bank and the Gaza strip are under a military occupation. It's the longest military occupation in modern history. It's entering its 35th year. It's a harsh and brutal military occupation. It's extremely violent. All the time. Life is being made unlivable by the population. Gila Svirsky: We have what is now quite an oppressive regime in the occupied territories. Israeli's are lording it over Palestinians, usurping their territory, demolishing their homes, exerting a very severe form of military rule in order to remain there. And on the other hand, Palestinians are lashing back trying to throw off the yoke of oppression from the Israelis. Alisa Solomon: I spent a day traveling around Gaza with a man named Jabra Washa, who's from the Palestinian Center for Human Rights and he described the situation as complete economic and social suffocation. There's no economy, the unemployment is over 60% now. Crops can't move. -
NEEDLESS DEATHS in the GULF WAR Civilian Casualties During The
NEEDLESS DEATHS IN THE GULF WAR Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of War A Middle East Watch Report Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 November 1991 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cover design by Patti Lacobee Watch Committee Middle East Watch was established in 1989 to establish and promote observance of internationally recognized human rights in the Middle East. The chair of Middle East Watch is Gary Sick and the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb. Andrew Whitley is the executive director; Eric Goldstein is the research director; Virginia N. Sherry is the associate director; Aziz Abu Hamad is the senior researcher; John V. White is an Orville Schell Fellow; and Christina Derry is the associate. Needless deaths in the Gulf War: civilian casualties during the air campaign and violations of the laws of war. p. cm -- (A Middle East Watch report) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56432-029-4 1. Persian Gulf War, 1991--United States. 2. Persian Gulf War, 1991-- Atrocities. 3. War victims--Iraq. 4. War--Protection of civilians. I. Human Rights Watch (Organization) II. Series. DS79.72.N44 1991 956.704'3--dc20 91-37902 CIP Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is composed of Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch, Middle East Watch and the Fund for Free Expression. The executive committee comprises Robert L. Bernstein, chair; Adrian DeWind, vice chair; Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Peter Bell, Alice Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Jonathan Fanton, Jack Greenberg, Alice H. -
Laura Jarboe
ABSTRACT REAGAN’S ANTITERRORISM: THE ROLE OF LEBANON by Laura Jarboe In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan was faced with an increase in terrorism directed specifically at the United States. He feared that terrorism compromised America’s reputation, especially in the midst of the Cold War. An examination of terrorism which specifically targeted the military reveals that Reagan’s language and proposed policies emulated his Cold War fight. By 1985, the Reagan administration developed a Task Force for combating terrorism. Close investigation of the Task Force’s publication reveals that although Reagan talked a hard-line against terrorists, he partook in little action against them. REAGAN’S ANTITERRORISM: THE ROLE OF LEBANON A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Laura E. Jarboe Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2012 Advisor______________________________ Amanda McVety Reader_______________________________ Sheldon Anderson Reader_______________________________ Matthew Gordon Table of Contents Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………....1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………2 A New Terrorism is Born ………………………………………………………………………...5 Reagan Reacts to Terrorism ……………………………………………………………………..12 Calming the Public ...................................................................................................................... 166 The White House Investigates ................................................................................................... -
Orontes Valley وادي اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ
© Lonely Planet 154 Orontes Valley وادي اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ Bordered by the coastal strip to the west and the scorched desert to the east, the Orontes Valley provides a distinctively different experience from Aleppo to the north and Damascus to the south. While Syrians try to break land-speed records between the aforementioned cities, there are enough attractions in the region to make this more than just a blur outside a bus window. Homs, Syria’s third-largest city, and Hama, its fourth, are attractive stops on the journey north. Homs has a lovely restored souq, a relaxed Christian quarter and friendly locals. Hama is famed for its large norias (water wheels) and riverside parks. It’s most active in summer, when the wheels groan with the flow of the Orontes River, known as Nahr al-Aasi (Rebel River) due to the fact that it flows from south to north – the opposite of most rivers in the region. The striking Roman ruins of Apamea are well worth visiting for the colonnaded grace of the cardo maximus, both longer and wider than Palmyra’s. Careful restoration over the last few decades has turned this once-shapeless site into an evocative one. Far less complex in structure are the intriguing beehive houses found at Sarouj and Twalid Dabaghein, which are still used as dwellings. These conical mud-brick structures are an arresting sight. While the castle of Musyaf is suitably imposing, its connection with one of Islam’s most fascinating sects, the Assassins, is the highlight. Members of this radical, mystical group were known for their ability to infiltrate their enemy and kill its leader, giving rise to the English word ‘assassin’. -
The Obama/Pentagon War Narrative, the Real War and Where Afghan Civilian Deaths Do Matter Revista De Paz Y Conflictos, Núm
Revista de Paz y Conflictos E-ISSN: 1988-7221 [email protected] Universidad de Granada España Herold, Marc W. The Obama/Pentagon War Narrative, the Real War and Where Afghan Civilian Deaths Do Matter Revista de Paz y Conflictos, núm. 5, 2012, pp. 44-65 Universidad de Granada Granada, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=205024400003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative issn: 1988-7221 The Obama/Pentagon War Narrative, the Real War and Where Afghan Civilian Deaths Do Matter El relato bélico de Obama y del Pentágono, la verdadera guerra y dónde importan realmente las número 5 año 2012 número muertes de los civiles afganos Recibido: 01/03/2011 Marc W. Herold Aceptado: 31/10/2011 [email protected] Profesor de Desarrollo Económico Universidad de New Hampshire en Durham (New Hampshire, EE.UU.) Abstract This essay explores upon two inter-related issues: (1) the course of America’s raging Afghan war as actually experienced on the ground as contrasted with the Pentagon and mainstream media narrative and (2) the unrelenting Obama/Pentagon efforts to control the public narrative of that war.1 As the real war on the ground spread geographically and violence intensified, U.S. efforts to construct a positive spin re-doubled. An examination of bodies – of foreign occupa- tion forces and innocent Afghan civilians – reveals a clear trade-off. -
Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War
September 2007 Volume 19, No. 5(E) Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War Map: Administrative Divisions of Lebanon .............................................................................1 Map: Southern Lebanon ....................................................................................................... 2 Map: Northern Lebanon ........................................................................................................ 3 I. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 4 Israeli Policies Contributing to the Civilian Death Toll ....................................................... 6 Hezbollah Conduct During the War .................................................................................. 14 Summary of Methodology and Errors Corrected ............................................................... 17 II. Recommendations........................................................................................................ 20 III. Methodology................................................................................................................ 23 IV. Legal Standards Applicable to the Conflict......................................................................31 A. Applicable International Law ....................................................................................... 31 B. Protections for Civilians and Civilian Objects ...............................................................33 -
The War on Lebanon “I Put This Together to Help Me Come to Terms with What Has Just Happened to My Country”
The war on Lebanon “I put this together to help me come to terms with what has just happened to my country” 2 The war on Lebanon Post mortem Wednesday 12th July Assault Destruction Suffering Humanitarian crisis Economic ruin Ecological disaster War crimes Stench of politics Unity Fragile Ceasefire Aftermath Additional information 3 Post Mortem 12 July – 14 August 2006 The cost The scale Israel Lebanon Civilian dead 43 1,130 Civilian 650 3,697 wounded Military dead 116 55* Displaced 500,000 915,000 6,900 homes** 900 businesses Damage 300 buildings 145 bridges 29 utilities Economic $1.5bn $6.5bn*** Bombed 4,000 100,000**** Source: Figures and map from BBC News *Israel estimates 550 ** Lebanese government estimates 15,000 *** Lebanese Council for Development and Reconstruction 4bn estimated reconstruction + 2.5bn earnings loss at 8% GDP **** Estimate based on UN figures of 3,000 attacks per day: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/iha1220.doc.htm4 A skirmish between Hezbollah and Israel escalates into war Wednesday 12th July Hezbollah fires rockets into Israel and raids an army post on the border. Three Israeli soldiers are killed and two are captured. Israel sends a tank into Lebanon in pursuit. The tank is destroyed. Five Israeli soldiers are killed. "It is an act of war by the state of Lebanon against the state of Israel in its sovereign territory.” (Ehud Olmert, Israeli Prime Minister) “The government was not aware of, and does not take responsibility for, nor endorses, what happened on the international border." (Fouad Siniora, Lebanese Prime Minister) “No military operation will return the Israeli captured soldiers. -
2015 3 2-10 Approved
Syria Situation Report: March 9-17, 2015 1 March 11-12: A majority of JN forces reportedly withdrew from the Beit Sahem neighborhood 5 March 17: Syrian regime forces claimed to have downed a “hostile” drone in of southern Damascus under an agreement with local rebel forces. e withdrawal follows a northern Latakia Province. U.S. ocials conrmed the loss of an unarmed U.S. statement issued by a local council in southern Damascus that denounced JN forces in the area as a predator drone, but did not immediately conrm the cause of the crash. “gang” and called on JN leader Abu Mohammed al-Joulani to renounce this JN faction for “oending” the name of JN. 6 March 14: ISIS Qamishli destroyed several parts of the Qarah Qawqaz 2 March 15: JN and rebel forces seized the area of Ayn al-Arab Ras al-Ayn bridge near the former Zarqa near Quraytayn in the Eastern Qalamoun 6 region from ISIS-aliated elements following heavy 9 tomb of Sulayman Shah and clashes. Meanwhile, JN issued a statement retreated to the western bank of clarifying that it is concerned with Hezbollah in the Euphrates River following Aleppo Hasakah Lebanon, rather than the Lebanese 10 clashes with the YPG-led Euphrates Idlib Sara Armed Forces (LAF) specically. JN Volcano Operations Room reportedly did not, however, rule out ghting 5 ar-Raqqa supported by anti-ISIS coalition airstrikes. the LAF if confronted. is follows 3 an interview by local JN leader in Latakia Qalamoun Abu Melik al-Shami 4 7 March 9: According to activists, Iran with a Lebanese news outlet in which Hama delivered ten Sukhoi Su-22 ghter jets to al-Shami conrmed JN intent to Deir ez-Zour Syria. -
Syria SITREP December 23-30-2014
Syria Update: December 23-30, 2014 1 December 26: The commander of the Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade reportedly turned 6 December 30: JN seized a Harakat Hazm headquarters in the Kafar Karmin area himself in to the Dar al-'Adl Shari’a court in Dera’a Province in compliance with an in the western countryside of Aleppo after releasing a statement on December 25 accusing Harakat Hazm of being a “client group” that promotes “western interests” al-Muthana al-Islamiyya through the Dar al-'Adl Shari’a Court after JN attacked the Yarmouk and stating that it has worked to sabotage JN operations in Idlib and Aleppo. In Martyrs Brigade following reports of its defection to ISIS. addition, JN rejected the De Mistura “freeze plan” for Aleppo City. Qamishli 2 December 29: ISIS bombarded regime checkpoints near Ayn al-Arab Ras al-Ayn 5 defense factories. 6 Aleppo Hasakah 4 7 December 29: ISIS detonated a Suicide Idlib Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device 3 December 23: JN seized the headquarters 2 (SVBIED) followed by a Suicide Vest (SVEST) at of a local rebel group named Liwa Uqab ar-Raqqa the Furqlus gas plant in eastern Homs Province, al-Islam in the northeastern countryside of Latakia 8 Hama Province after the group pledged ISIS massing near the town of al-Sukhna allegiance to ISIS. The group’s commander reportedly escaped to ISIS-held terrain in the Hama 3 Deir ez-Zour eastern countryside of Homs Province. Hama Military Airport Tartous 8 December 24: ISIS captured a Jordanian pilot Homs after his F-16 warplane crashed near ar-Raqqa city 4 December 25: Five major military factions S y r i a in Aleppo city, including the Islamic Front, Jaysh 7 al-Mujahideen, and Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, Palmyra pilot is in ISIS captivity and denied an ISIS claim to united in a new military command entitled the “Sham Abu Kamal Front.” The front is led by Liwa al-Tawhid commander Abdul-Aziz al-Salama, who is also the general commander for Islamic Front forces in Aleppo Province.