Relationship Between Anticlinal Folding and the Evolution Of
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326-97 Lab Final S.D
Geol 326-97 Name: KEY 5/6/97 Class Ave = 101 / 150 Geol 326-97 Lab Final s.d. = 24 This lab final exam is worth 150 points of your total grade. Each lettered question is worth 15 points. Read through it all first to find out what you need to do. List all of your answers on these pages and attach any constructions, tracing paper overlays, etc. Put your name on all pages. 1. One way to analyze brittle faults is to calculate and plot the infinitesimal shortening and extension directions on a lower hemisphere, stereographic projection. These principal axes lie in the “movement plane”, which contains the pole to the fault plane and the slickensides, and are at 45° to the pole. The following questions apply to a single fault described in part (a), below: (a) A fault has a strike and dip of 250, 57 N and the slickensides have a rake of 63°, measured from the given strike azimuth. Plot the orientations of the fault plane and the slickensides on an equal area projection. (b) Bedding in the vicinity of the fault is oriented 37, 42 E. Assuming that the fault formed when the bedding was horizontal, determine and plot the original geometry of the fault and the slickensides. (c) Determine the original (pre-rotation)orientation of the infinitesimal shortening and extension axes for fault. 2. All of the following questions apply to the map shown on the next page. In all of the rocks with cleavage, you may assume that both cleavage and bedding strike 024°. -
Evaluation of the Depositional Environment of the Eagle Ford
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2012 Evaluation of the depositional environment of the Eagle Ford Formation using well log, seismic, and core data in the Hawkville Trough, LaSalle and McMullen counties, south Texas Zachary Paul Hendershott Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Hendershott, Zachary Paul, "Evaluation of the depositional environment of the Eagle Ford Formation using well log, seismic, and core data in the Hawkville Trough, LaSalle and McMullen counties, south Texas" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 863. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/863 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATION OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE EAGLE FORD FORMATION USING WELL LOG, SEISMIC, AND CORE DATA IN THE HAWKVILLE TROUGH, LASALLE AND MCMULLEN COUNTIES, SOUTH TEXAS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Zachary Paul Hendershott B.S., University of the South – Sewanee, 2009 December 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee chair and advisor, Dr. Jeffrey Nunn, for his constant guidance and support during my academic career at LSU. -
Eagle Ford Group and Associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S
U.S. Gulf Coast Petroleum Systems Project Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Eagle Ford Group and Associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S. Gulf Coast, Texas, 2018 Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 8.5 billion barrels of oil and 66 trillion cubic feet of gas in continuous accumulations in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata in onshore lands of the U.S. Gulf Coast region, Texas. −102° −100° −98° −96° −94° −92° −90° EXPLANATION Introduction 32° LOUISIANA Eagle Ford Marl The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Continuous Oil AU TEXAS assessed undiscovered, technically MISSISSIPPI Submarine Plateau-Karnes Trough Continuous Oil AU recoverable hydrocarbon resources in Cenomanian–Turonian self-sourced continuous reservoirs of 30° Mudstone Continuous Oil AU the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group Eagle Ford Marl Continuous and associated Cenomanian–Turonian Gas AU Submarine Plateau–Karnes strata, which are present in the subsurface Trough Continuous Gas AU 28° across the U.S. Gulf Coast region, Texas Cenomanian–Turonian Mudstone Continuous (fig. 1). The USGS completes geology- GULF OF MEXICO Gas AU based assessments using the elements Cenomanian–Turonian 0 100 200 MILES Downdip Continuous of the total petroleum system (TPS), 26° Gas AU 0 100 200 KILOMETERS which include source rock thickness, MEXICO NM OK AR TN GA organic richness, and thermal maturity for MS AL self-sourced continuous accumulations. Base map from U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service TX LA FL Assessment units (AUs) within a TPS Map are defined by strata that share similar Figure 1. -
Pacific Petroleum Eology
Pacific Petroleum Geology NEWSLETTER Pacific Section • American Association of Petroleum Geologists September & October• 2010 School of Rock Ridge Basin CONTENTS 2010-2011 OFF I C E RS EV E RY ISSU E President Cynthia Huggins 661.665.5074 [email protected] 4 Message from the President • C. Huggins President-Elect John Minch 805.898.9200 6 Editor’s Corner • E. Washburn [email protected] Vice President Jeff Gartland 7 PS-AAPG News 661.869.8204 [email protected] 13 Publications Secretary Tony Reid 661.412.5467 17 Member Society News [email protected] Treasurer 2009-2011 Cheryl Blume TH I S ISSU E 661.864.4722 [email protected] 8 Sharktooth Hill Fossil Fund • K. Hancharick Treasurer 2010-2012 Jana McIntyre 661.869.8231 [email protected] 10 AAPG Young Professionals • J. Allen Past President Scott Hector 11 Serpentine: The Rest of the Story • Mel 707.974.6402 [email protected] Erskine Editor-in-Chief Ed Washburn 661.654.7182 [email protected] ST AFF Web Master Bob Countryman 661.589.8580 [email protected] Membership Chair Brian Church 661.654.7863 [email protected] Publications Chair Larry Knauer 661.392.2471 [email protected] [email protected] Advisory Council Representative Kurt Neher 661.412.5203 [email protected] Cover photo of Ridge Basin outcrop courtesy Jonathan Allen Page 3 Pacific Petroleum Geologist Newsletter September & October • 2010 MESSAGE FRO M THE PRESIDENT CYNTHIA HUGGINS Do you know what Marilyn Bachman, Mike Fillipow, Peggy Lubchenco, and Jane Justus Frazier have in common? They were all recipients of the Teacher of the Year Award from AAPG, and they all came from the Pacific Section! Of the 13 recipients of this award, four have been from PSAAPG. -
Chapter 01.Pdf
Mathematical Background in Aircraft Structural Mechanics CHAPTER 1. Linear Elasticity SangJoon Shin School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University Active Aeroelasticityand Rotorcraft Lab. Basic equation of Linear Elasticity Structural analysis … evaluation of deformations and stresses arising within a solid object under the action of applied loads - if time is not explicitly considered as an independent variable → the analysis is said to be static → otherwise, structural dynamic analysis or structural dynamics Small deformation Under the assumption of { Linearly elastic material behavior - Three dimensional formulation → a set of 15 linear 1st order PDE involving displacement field (3 components) { stress field (6 components) strain field (6 components) plane stress problem → simpler, 2-D formulations { plane strain problem For most situations, not possible to develop analytical solutions → analysis of structural components … bars, beams, plates, shells 1-2 Active Aeroelasticity and Rotorcraft Lab., Seoul National University 1.1 The concept of Stress 1.1.1 The state of stress at a point State of stress in a solid body… measure of intensity of forces acting within the solid - distribution of forces and moments appearing on the surface of the cut … equipollent force F , and couple M - Newton’s 3rd law → a force and couple of equal magnitudes and opposite directions acting on the two forces created by the cut Fig. 1.1 A solid body cut by a plane to isolate a free body 1-3 Active Aeroelasticity and Rotorcraft -
Theory and Perspective on Stimulation of Unconventional Tight
Theory and Perspective on Stimulation of Unconventional Tight Oil Reservoir in China Zhifeng Luo Professor National key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir and Exploitation; College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; e-mail: [email protected] Yujia Gao∗ Postgraduate College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, China; e-mail:[email protected] Liqiang Zhao Professor National key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir and Exploitation; College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, China; e-mail: [email protected] Pingli Liu Professor National key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir and Exploitation; College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, China; e-mail: [email protected] Nianyin Li Professor National key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir and Exploitation; College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT China has tremendous unconventional tight oil resources which are widely distributed in lots of petroliferous basin. However, compared with North American, all the tight oil reservoirs discovered in China has its own characteristics including continental sedimentation, interbeded formation, worse reservoir physical properties and less oil reserves per unit volume, which make it much harder to stimulate. Based on thorough analysis of successful stimulation experiences in North American, taking the characteristic of China’s tight oil reservoir into consideration, this article emphasized that increasing stimulated volume must be paid attention to, what’s more, integrated fracturing technology must be adopted into tight oil reservoir stimulation to promote both production and recovery efficiency. -
U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020-3045
U.S. Gulf Coast Petroleum Systems Project Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk and Tokio and Eutaw Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2019 Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 6.9 billion barrels of oil and 41.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in conventional and continuous accumulations in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk and Tokio and Eutaw Formations onshore and in State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast region. Introduction Geologic Models for Assessment The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed undiscovered, The Austin Chalk, consisting of both chalk and marl, was technically recoverable oil and gas in the Upper Cretaceous deposited on a broad, low-relief marine shelf that deepened to the (Coniacian–Santonian) Austin Chalk and Tokio and Eutaw Forma- south and west during the Coniacian–Santonian marine transgression. tions in the subsurface of the Gulf Coast from southern Texas to Landward, to the northeast, the Austin Chalk transitions into sandstone the Florida Panhandle. The Austin Chalk and related stratigraphic and mudstone of the Tokio Formation in Arkansas and Louisiana and the units present onshore and in State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast Eutaw Formation in Mississippi and Alabama. The Tokio and Eutaw region are part of the Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous–Tertiary Composite Formations were deposited in shallow to marginal marine depositional Total Petroleum System (TPS) (Condon and Dyman, 2006). environments at the leading edge of the marine transgression. The source of hydrocarbons in Austin Chalk, Tokio, and Eutaw reservoirs 100° 98° 96° 94° 92° 90° 88° 86° varies spatially throughout the onshore Gulf Coast. -
Diagenesis in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale
DIAGENESIS IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS EAGLE FORD SHALE, SOUTH TEXAS by Allison Schaiberger Copyright by Allison Schaiberger (2016) All Rights Reserved A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date ______________________ Signed: ____________________________________ Allison Schaiberger Signed: ____________________________________ Dr. Steve Sonnenberg Thesis Advisor Signed: ____________________________________ Dr. Stephen Enders Interim Department Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Golden, Colorado Date ______________________ ii ABSTRACT This study utilizes three cores provided by Devon Energy from LaVaca and Dewitt Counties, TX, which were analyzed with a focus on diagenetic fabrics within the Lower Eagle Ford. A better understanding of paragenesis within the organic-rich Lower Eagle Ford was developed with the use of XRF and XRD measurements, thin section samples, stable isotope analysis, and CL analysis. The majority of diagenetic alteration occurred early at shallow depths within anoxic/suboxic environments and slightly sulfate-reducing conditions from diagenetic fluids with varying isotopic composition. Diagenetic expression variation is most influenced by the depositional facies in which alteration occurs. Within the study area, four identified depositional facies (A-D), and five diagenetic facies (1-5) were identified within the Lower Eagle Ford study area based -
Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S
Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front Cover. Photos taken by Krystal Pearson, U.S. Geological Survey, near the old Sprinkle Road bridge on Little Walnut Creek, Travis County, Texas. Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast By Krystal Pearson Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Pearson, Krystal, 2012, Geologic models and evaluation of undiscovered conventional and continuous oil and gas resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. -
Folds and Folding
Chapter ................................ 11 Folds and folding Folds are eye-catching and visually attractive structures that can form in practically any rock type, tectonic setting and depth. For these reasons they have been recognized, admired and explored since long before geology became a science (Leonardo da Vinci discussed them some 500 years ago, and Nicholas Steno in 1669). Our understanding of folds and folding has changed over time, and the fundament of what is today called modern fold theory was more or less consolidated in the 1950s and 1960s. Folds, whether observed on the micro-, meso- or macroscale, are clearly some of our most important windows into local and regional deformation histories of the past. Their geometry and expression carry important information about the type of deformation, kinematics and tectonics of an area. Besides, they can be of great economic importance, both as oil traps and in the search for and exploitation of ores and other mineral resources. In this chapter we will first look at the geometric aspects of folds and then pay attention to the processes and mechanisms at work during folding of rock layers. 220 Folds and folding 11.1 Geometric description (a) Kink band a a It is fascinating to watch folds form and develop in the laboratory, and we can learn much about folds and folding by performing controlled physical experiments and numerical simulations. However, modeling must always be rooted in observations of naturally folded Trace of Axial trace rocks, so geometric analysis of folds formed in different bisecting surface settings and rock types is fundamental. Geometric analy- (b) Chevron folds sis is important not only in order to understand how various types of folds form, but also when considering such things as hydrocarbon traps and folded ores in the subsurface. -
Application of Organic Petrography in North American Shale Petroleum Systems: a Review
International Journal of Coal Geology 163 (2016) 8–51 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo Application of organic petrography in North American shale petroleum systems: A review Paul C. Hackley a, Brian J. Cardott b a U.S. Geological Survey, MS 956 National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192, USA b Oklahoma Geological Survey, 100 E. Boyd St., Rm. N-131, Norman, OK 73019-0628, USA article info abstract Article history: Organic petrography via incident light microscopy has broad application to shale petroleum systems, including Received 13 April 2016 delineation of thermal maturity windows and determination of organo-facies. Incident light microscopy allows Received in revised form 10 June 2016 practitioners the ability to identify various types of organic components and demonstrates that solid bitumen Accepted 13 June 2016 is the dominant organic matter occurring in shale plays of peak oil and gas window thermal maturity, whereas Available online 16 June 2016 oil-prone Type I/II kerogens have converted to hydrocarbons and are not present. High magnification SEM obser- Keywords: vation of an interconnected organic porosity occurring in the solid bitumen of thermally mature shale reservoirs Organic petrology has enabled major advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon migration and storage in shale, but suffers Thermal maturity from inability to confirm the type of organic matter present. Herein we review organic petrography applications Shale petroleum systems in the North American shale plays through discussion of incident light photographic examples. In the first part of Unconventional resources the manuscript we provide basic practical information on the measurement of organic reflectance and outline Vitrinite reflectance fluorescence microscopy and other petrographic approaches to the determination of thermal maturity. -
The Role of Flexural Slip in the Development of Chevron Folds
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Spring 2018 The role of flexural slip in the development of chevron folds Yuxing Wu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Petroleum Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Wu, Yuxing, "The role of flexural slip in the development of chevron folds" (2018). Masters Theses. 7788. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7788 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i THE ROLE OF FLEXURAL SLIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHEVRON FOLDS by YUXING WU A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2018 Approved by Andreas Eckert, Advisor John Patrick Hogan Jonathan Obrist Farner ii 2018 Yuxing Wu All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Chevron folds are characterized by straight limbs and narrow hinge zones. One of the conceptual models to initiate and develop chevron folds involves flexural slip during folding. While some kinematical models show the necessity for slip to initiate during chevron folding, recent numerical modeling studies of visco-elastic effective single layer buckle folding have shown that flexural slip does not result in chevron folds. In this study, several 2D finite element analysis models are run, distinguished by 1) geometry of the initial perturbation (sinusoidal and white noise), 2) varying thewavelength of the initial perturbation (10%, 50%, and 100% of the dominant wavelength) and 3) variation of the friction coefficient (high and low friction coefficient between interlayers).