PART B PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK : RAIGARH 674 PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Brief note on Primary Census Abstract he first census of the third millennium and twenty 2001, about 202 million schedules consisting of about Tfirst century the Census of India, 2001 was the 1,028 million records were scanned and processed 14th continuous and uninterrupted Indian census since within a span of only 10 months starting October, 1872. Thus, 2001 Census will provide data on 2002. population and its characteristics marking transition Task Force on Quality Assurance from one century and millennium to another. After the data is processed, it is expedient on The gigantic operation of Population Enumeration the part of the data producing agency to satisfy itself (considered by many to be the single largest and about its quality before putting the same in public complex peace time administrative exercise in the domain. This has to be done mainly through the world) was made possible due to the door to door process of internal consistency, comparison with universal canvassing of the Household Schedule by similar data in the past and also through validation about 2 million enumerators and supervisors covering with likewise data if available, from external sources. 593 districts, 5,463 sub-districts, 5,161 towns and Quite often the local knowledge and perception has 638,588 villages. The comprehensive Household to be brought into play to understand both the existing Schedule which replaced the individual slip had three and the new emerging trends of population distribution parts and two sides A and B. Part I contained and characteristics. The other very important aspect the Location Particulars; Part II related to the of the data quality is to ensure complete coverage of Individual Particulars and Part III contained questions all geographical areas especially for the population for Household engaged in Cultivation/Plantation. The enumeration phase where the data is disseminated part II of the Household Schedule had 39 columns right up to the village level in the rural areas and the and 23 questions all of which were universally ward level in the urban areas. Thus ensuring the canvassed and no sampling was resorted to during complete coverage and correct geographical linkage enumeration. of each enumeration block was one of the major Data Processing planks of the quality control, specially for small area A quantum leap was made in the technology front population statistics. while processing the Census 2001 data both for A very comprehensive check and edit mechanism Houselisting and Population Enumeration. The Census was put in place to objectively examine the preli- schedules for both the phases were scanned through minary Census 2001 Population Enumeration results high speed scanners in fifteen data centers across and finally clear them for use. The responsibility of the country and hand-written data from the schedules the final clearance of data was with the Task Force were converted into digitized form through Intelligent on Quality Assurance (TFQA), headed by the Character Reading (ICR) software for creation of Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. ASCII records for further processing. The designing The other members of the TFQA were the Heads and formatting of the Household Schedule had to be and senior officers of the Census Division, Data done very carefully using specialized software so as Processing Division, Map Division, Demography to ensure uniformity, which was an essential pre- Division and Social Studies Division. The Directors requisite for scanning. The selection of appropriate of Census Operations were co-opted as members state-of-art technology in data processing has made whenever the TFQA discussed the data for their it possible to produce all the Houselisting as well as States/Union territories. The Directors and their senior Population Enumeration tables on full count basis for officers were required to make detailed presentations the first time in the history of Census. For Census of data for their own state both in respect to the 675 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK : RAIGARH quality and the coverage and only after the full possible Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes at cleared. appropriate geographical levels. There has been a major departure in Census 2001 The entire work relating to the data validation and from the past in respect of the procedure followed scrutiny was completed by all the States/Union for finalization of the Scheduled Castes and the Territories under the overall supervision and monitoring Scheduled Tribes population. In the earlier censuses, of the Census Division of the Office of the Registrar the total Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes General, India with active cooperation and support of populations were finalized at the time of the manual the Social Studies Division, Data Processing Division, compilation of the Primary Census Abstracts (PCA) Data Dissemination Division and Map Division. at the Regional Tabulation Offices which were Primary Census Abstract specially set up for this purpose. The individual Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes population The Primary Census Abstract which is yet another for each state was finalized much later based on manual important publication of 2001 Census gives basic coding done by the coders. In 2001 Census, each information on Area, Total Households, Total population, individual Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes population, have been coded directly on the computers by the Population in the age group 0-6, Literates, Main workers Data Entry Operators through a process known as and Marginal workers classified by the four broad Computer Assisted Coding (CAC) and taken up along industrial categories, namely, (i) Cultivators, (ii) with the processing of PCA data. The CAC process Agricultural labourers, (iii) Household Industry Workers, involves pulling down, from the relevant dictionary of and (iv) Other workers and also Non-workers. The the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, on characteristics of the Total Population includes Scheduled the computer screen and coding from the dictionary Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Institutional and Houseless by referring to the image of the specific individual population and are presented by sex and rural-urban entry in the Household Schedule appearing on the residence. This data is presented at different levels, screen. The CAC of the response on Religion namely, India, States/Union territories, Districts and wherever required, was also undertaken along with Cities, Urban Agglomerations (Population 1,00,000 and the processing of PCA. This is because the Scheduled above) in three different tables. In addition, the Castes status had to be determined in relation to the Appendix of said publication provides Houseless and religion of the individual. Two Special Task Forces, Institutional Households and their population by one on Religion and the other on Scheduled Castes/ residence and sex for 2001 for India, State and Union Scheduled Tribes were constituted for scrutiny and territory. appropriate classification of these responses. Apart from the India and State/Union Territory The main task of the Special Task Force on Religion volumes for Primary Census Abstract, the District was to appropriately merge or group the new responses Census Handbook contains District Primary Census encountered and code it into the appropriate religious Abstract, Appendix to District Primary Census community based on available literature and local Abstract, Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled knowledge. The Special Task Force on Scheduled Castes, Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Tribes, Castes and Scheduled Tribes examined the different Village Primary Census Abstract and Urban Primary Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes entries encoun- Census Abstract of the concerned district in the state. tered and classified these into appropriate category of It was for the first time at the 1981 Census that the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes principally the Primary Census Abstract (PCA) was brought out based on the Presidential Notification and the available for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes literature. Thus a very systematic and scientific separately on the pattern of General Primary Census mechanism was operationalised to firm up the individual Abstract. This practice was continued in 1991 also. religion and the individual Scheduled Castes/Tribes In the 1961 and 1971 Censuses, such data were made returns. The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled available in Table C-VIII-Social and Cultural table and Tribes population in 2001 Census, is thus being finalized to some extent in the series ‘Special Tables for by aggregating the population data for individual Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes’. 676 PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT The format of Primary Census Abstract has been population of age group 0-6 is continued in 2001 Census restructured slightly in the 2001 Census as compared to also. This will help the data users in better analysis and that of 1991 Census. The nine-fold industrial classification understanding of this literacy data. of main workers given in the Primary Census Abstract of 1991 Census has been discontinued and its place, four- Level of presentation in District Census fold industrial classification of both ‘main workers’ and Handbooks: ‘marginal workers’ are included. In 1981 census only The Primary Census Abstract data in different main