4Th Quarter 2012
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C. Mintaka, Alnitak, Alnilam
Post-18.1: This graph shows the functional form of the dependence of the parallax angle on the distance an object is from Earth. If the minimum parallax angle we could measure were 0.5 arcsec, what is the maximum distance of a star that we could measure? a. ~ 1.00 arcsec b. ~ 2.2 pc c. ~ 10 pc ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 8 Post-18.1: This graph shows the functional form of the dependence of the parallax angle on the distance an object is from Earth. If the minimum parallax angle we could measure were 0.5 arcsec, what is the maximum distance of a star that we could measure? a. ~ 1.00 arcsec b. ~ 2.2 pc c. ~ 10 pc ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 9 Post-18.2: The Moon never stops in its orbit; however, it is possible to get an exact measurement of its parallax and thus its distance at any given moment. How would we get the parallax shift of the Moon? a. Take simultaneous measurements from two locations. b. Take two measurements at different times from one location. c. Take two measurements from the same location at the same phase of the Moon. ©2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 10 Post-18.2: The Moon never stops in its orbit; however, it is possible to get an exact measurement of its parallax and thus its distance at any given moment. How would we get the parallax shift of the Moon? a. Take simultaneous measurements from two locations. b. Take two measurements at different times from one location. -
Winter Constellations
Winter Constellations *Orion *Canis Major *Monoceros *Canis Minor *Gemini *Auriga *Taurus *Eradinus *Lepus *Monoceros *Cancer *Lynx *Ursa Major *Ursa Minor *Draco *Camelopardalis *Cassiopeia *Cepheus *Andromeda *Perseus *Lacerta *Pegasus *Triangulum *Aries *Pisces *Cetus *Leo (rising) *Hydra (rising) *Canes Venatici (rising) Orion--Myth: Orion, the great hunter. In one myth, Orion boasted he would kill all the wild animals on the earth. But, the earth goddess Gaia, who was the protector of all animals, produced a gigantic scorpion, whose body was so heavily encased that Orion was unable to pierce through the armour, and was himself stung to death. His companion Artemis was greatly saddened and arranged for Orion to be immortalised among the stars. Scorpius, the scorpion, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so that Orion would never be hurt by it again. To this day, Orion is never seen in the sky at the same time as Scorpius. DSO’s ● ***M42 “Orion Nebula” (Neb) with Trapezium A stellar nursery where new stars are being born, perhaps a thousand stars. These are immense clouds of interstellar gas and dust collapse inward to form stars, mainly of ionized hydrogen which gives off the red glow so dominant, and also ionized greenish oxygen gas. The youngest stars may be less than 300,000 years old, even as young as 10,000 years old (compared to the Sun, 4.6 billion years old). 1300 ly. 1 ● *M43--(Neb) “De Marin’s Nebula” The star-forming “comma-shaped” region connected to the Orion Nebula. ● *M78--(Neb) Hard to see. A star-forming region connected to the Orion Nebula. -
Winter Observing Notes
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory Winter Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye NGC 457 CASSIOPEIA eta Cas Look for Notice how the constellations 5 the ‘W’ swing around Polaris during shape the night Is Dubhe yellowish compared 2 Polaris to Merak? Dubhe 3 Merak URSA MINOR Kochab 1 Is Kochab orange Pherkad compared to Polaris? THE PLOUGH 4 Mizar Alcor Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in winter. North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. To your right is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan standing up on it’s handle. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The top two stars are called the Pointers. Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white-hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you to the left, to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the right are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. Check with binoculars. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 2.0 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Winter Polaris, Kochab and Pherkad mark the constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear. -
Educator's Guide: Orion
Legends of the Night Sky Orion Educator’s Guide Grades K - 8 Written By: Dr. Phil Wymer, Ph.D. & Art Klinger Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………....3 Constellations; General Overview……………………………………..4 Orion…………………………………………………………………………..22 Scorpius……………………………………………………………………….36 Canis Major…………………………………………………………………..45 Canis Minor…………………………………………………………………..52 Lesson Plans………………………………………………………………….56 Coloring Book…………………………………………………………………….….57 Hand Angles……………………………………………………………………….…64 Constellation Research..…………………………………………………….……71 When and Where to View Orion…………………………………….……..…77 Angles For Locating Orion..…………………………………………...……….78 Overhead Projector Punch Out of Orion……………………………………82 Where on Earth is: Thrace, Lemnos, and Crete?.............................83 Appendix………………………………………………………………………86 Copyright©2003, Audio Visual Imagineering, Inc. 2 Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Introduction It is our belief that “Legends of the Night sky: Orion” is the best multi-grade (K – 8), multi-disciplinary education package on the market today. It consists of a humorous 24-minute show and educator’s package. The Orion Educator’s Guide is designed for Planetarians, Teachers, and parents. The information is researched, organized, and laid out so that the educator need not spend hours coming up with lesson plans or labs. This has already been accomplished by certified educators. The guide is written to alleviate the fear of space and the night sky (that many elementary and middle school teachers have) when it comes to that section of the science lesson plan. It is an excellent tool that allows the parents to be a part of the learning experience. The guide is devised in such a way that there are plenty of visuals to assist the educator and student in finding the Winter constellations. -
List of Section 13F Securities
List of Section 13F Securities 1st Quarter FY 2004 Copyright (c) 2004 American Bankers Association. CUSIP Numbers and descriptions are used with permission by Standard & Poors CUSIP Service Bureau, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No redistribution without permission from Standard & Poors CUSIP Service Bureau. Standard & Poors CUSIP Service Bureau does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the CUSIP Numbers and standard descriptions included herein and neither the American Bankers Association nor Standard & Poor's CUSIP Service Bureau shall be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of such information. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission OFFICIAL LIST OF SECTION 13(f) SECURITIES USER INFORMATION SHEET General This list of “Section 13(f) securities” as defined by Rule 13f-1(c) [17 CFR 240.13f-1(c)] is made available to the public pursuant to Section13 (f) (3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 USC 78m(f) (3)]. It is made available for use in the preparation of reports filed with the Securities and Exhange Commission pursuant to Rule 13f-1 [17 CFR 240.13f-1] under Section 13(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. An updated list is published on a quarterly basis. This list is current as of March 15, 2004, and may be relied on by institutional investment managers filing Form 13F reports for the calendar quarter ending March 31, 2004. Institutional investment managers should report holdings--number of shares and fair market value--as of the last day of the calendar quarter as required by Section 13(f)(1) and Rule 13f-1 thereunder. -
The Relative Sizes of the Sun and Stars 25
The relative sizes of the sun and stars 25 Stars come in many sizes, but their true appearances are impossible to see without special telescopes. The image to the left was taken by the Hubble Space telescope and resolves the red supergiant star Betelgeuse so that its surface can be just barely seen. Follow the number clues below to compare the sizes of some other familiar stars! Problem 1 - The sun's diameter if 10 times the diameter of Jupiter. If Jupiter is 11 times larger than Earth, how much larger than Earth is the Sun? Problem 2 - Capella is three times larger than Regulus, and Regulus is twice as large as Sirius. How much larger is Capella than Sirius? Problem 3 - Vega is 3/2 the size of Sirius, and Sirius is 1/12 the size of Polaris. How much larger is Polaris than Vega? Problem 4 - Nunki is 1/10 the size of Rigel, and Rigel is 1/5 the size of Deneb. How large is Nunki compared to Deneb? Problem 5 - Deneb is 1/8 the size of VY Canis Majoris, and VY Canis Majoris is 504 times the size of Regulus. How large is Deneb compared to Regulus? Problem 6 - Aldebaran is 3 times the size of Capella, and Capella is twice the size of Polaris. How large is Aldebaran compared to Polaris? Problem 7 - Antares is half the size of Mu Cephi. If Mu Cephi is 28 times as large as Rigel, and Rigel is 50 times as large as Alpha Centauri, how large is Antares compared to Alpha Centauri? Problem 8 - The Sun is 1/4 the diameter of Regulus. -
Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse)
AAVSO: Alpha Ori, December 2000 Variable Star Of The Month Variable Star Of The Month December, 2000: Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse) Atmosphere of Betelgeuse - Alpha Orionis Hubble Space Telescope - Faint Object Camera January 15, 1996; A. Dupree (CfA), NASA, ESA From the city or country sky, from almost any part of the world, the majestic figure of Orion dominates overhead this time of year with his belt, sword, and club. High in his left shoulder (for those of us in the northern hemisphere) is the great red pulsating supergiant, Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis 0549+07). Recently acquiring fame for being the first star to have its atmosphere directly imaged (shown above), Alpha Orionis has captivated observers’ attention for centuries. Betelgeuse's variability was first noticed by Sir John Herschel in 1836. In his Outlines of Astronomy, published in 1849, Herschel wrote “The variations of Alpha Orionis, which were most striking and unequivocal in the years 1836-1840, within the years since elapsed became much less conspicuous…” In 1849 the variations again began to increase in amplitude, and in December 1852 it was thought by Herschel to be “actually the largest [brightest] star in the northern hemisphere”. Indeed, when at maximum, Betelgeuse sometimes rises to magnitude 0.4 when it becomes a fierce competitor to Rigel; in 1839 and 1852 it was thought by some observers to be nearly the equal of Capella. Observations by the observers of the AAVSO indicate that Betelgeuse probably reached magnitude 0.2 in 1933 and again in 1942. At minimum brightness, as in 1927 and 1941, the magnitude may drop below 1.2. -
Supernova Star Maps
Supernova Star Maps Which Stars in the Night Sky Will Go Su pernova? About the Activity Allow visitors to experience finding stars in the night sky that will eventually go supernova. Topics Covered Observation of stars that will one day go supernova Materials Needed • Copies of this month's Star Map for your visitors- print the Supernova Information Sheet on the back. • (Optional) Telescopes A S A Participants N t i d Activities are appropriate for families Cre with children over the age of 9, the general public, and school groups ages 9 and up. Any number of visitors may participate. Location and Timing This activity is perfect for a star party outdoors and can take a few minutes, up to 20 minutes, depending on the Included in This Packet Page length of the discussion about the Detailed Activity Description 2 questions on the Supernova Helpful Hints 5 Information Sheet. Discussion can start Supernova Information Sheet 6 while it is still light. Star Maps handouts 7 Background Information There is an Excel spreadsheet on the Supernova Star Maps Resource Page that lists all these stars with all their particulars. Search for Supernova Star Maps here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/download-search.cfm © 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted. Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov Star Maps: Stars likely to go Supernova! Leader’s Role Participants’ Role (Anticipated) Materials: Star Map with Supernova Information sheet on back Objective: Allow visitors to experience finding stars in the night sky that will eventually go supernova. -
2. Descriptive Astronomy (“Astronomy Without a Telescope”)
•How do we locate stars in the heavens? •What stars are visible from a given location? 2. Descriptive Astronomy •Where is the sun in the sky at any given time? (Astronomy Without a Telescope) •Where are you on the Earth? http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~idh/apod/ In 1930 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) ruled the heavens off into 88 legal, precise constellations. Every star, galaxy, etc., is a member of one of these constellations. Many stars are named according to their constellation and relative brightness (Bayer 1603). Sirius Centauri, -Canis see http://calgary.rasc.ca/constellation.htm#list Majoris, -Orionis An asterism is two stars that appear http://www.google.com/sky/ Betelgeuse To be close in the sky but actually arent http://www.seds.org/messier/ (1758 – 1782) Brief History E.g., ORION Some of the current constellations can be traced back to the inhabitants of the Euphrates valley, from whom they were handed down through the Greeks and Arabs. Few pictorial records of the ancient constellation figures have survived, but in the Almagest AD 150, Ptolemy catalogued the positions of 1,022 of the brightest stars both in terms of celestial latitude and longitude, and of their places in 48 constellations. The Ptolemaic constellations left a blank area centered not on the present south pole but on a point which, because of precession, would have been the south pole c. 2800 BC, a fact that is consistent with the belief that the constellation system had its origin about 5,000 Betelgeuse and Rigel are M42 = Orion nebula M43 = DeMairans nebula years ago. -
Why Do the Stars in Orion Look So Different from Each Other? Or a Comparative View of the Stars in Orion
WHY DO THE STARS IN ORION LOOK SO DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER? OR A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE STARS IN ORION RONALD E. MICKLE Denver, Colorado 80211 ©2000 Ronald E. Mickle ABSTRACT This paper will help explain why the stars in the Orion constellation look so different from one other by comparing nine stars. The nine stars discussed in this paper were chosen primarily for their brightness, with Chi2 Ori being the exception (see Table 1). It was chosen for both its distance from earth and luminosity. The Orion constellation measures 594 square degrees of the sky and is located on the celestial equator, close to the Milky Way, between 4 hours st right ascension (R.A.) and 6 hours R.A. Five stars are 1 magnitude (mv) th or brighter, with 15 brighter than 4 mv [Facts on File Dictionary of Astronomy, The 1994]. Table 1. Nine Stars in Orion 2 Name mv Temperature Spectral Diameter Luminosity Distance (K)2 Class1 (Solar (suns)2 (ly)2 radii)2 Betelgeuse, 0.43 3448 M2 Iab 1515 305089 429 α Ori Rigel, 0.12 9076 B8 Iae 99 59548 777 β Ori Bellatrix, 1.63 19245 B2 III 4.2 2161 243 γ Ori Mintaka, 2.25 15278 O9 17 14301 919 δ Ori Alnilam, 1.68 15903 B0 31 54514 1359 ε Ori Alnitak, 1.71 17038 O9 17 20673 826 ζ Ori Algiebba, 3.34 20918 B1 6.2 6604 906 η Ori Meissa, 3.37 14320 O8 13 6597 1069 λ Ori Chi2 Ori 4.62 7686 B2 779 1897869 32616 1 Space Explorer II Astronomy Software, V 2.1, 1997, Meade Instruments, Corp. -
Instruction Manual
iOptron® GEM28 German Equatorial Mount Instruction Manual Product GEM28 and GEM28EC Read the included Quick Setup Guide (QSG) BEFORE taking the mount out of the case! This product is a precision instrument and uses a magnetic gear meshing mechanism. Please read the included QSG before assembling the mount. Please read the entire Instruction Manual before operating the mount. You must hold the mount firmly when disengaging or adjusting the gear switches. Otherwise personal injury and/or equipment damage may occur. Any worm system damage due to improper gear meshing/slippage will not be covered by iOptron’s limited warranty. If you have any questions please contact us at [email protected] WARNING! NEVER USE A TELESCOPE TO LOOK AT THE SUN WITHOUT A PROPER FILTER! Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye. Children should always have adult supervision while observing. 2 Table of Content Table of Content ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. GEM28 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. GEM28 Terms ................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Parts List ................................................................................................................................................. -
THE SKY TONIGHT Second Brightest Star in the Night Sky, Canopus
DECEMBER HAKIHEA Sailing in an Ocean of Stars HIGHLIGHTS The constellation of Carina is home to the THE SKY TONIGHT second brightest star in the night sky, Canopus. This brilliant beacon of light makes finding the TE ĀHUA O TE RAKI I TĒNEI PŌ constellation a breeze. Canopus has appeared in the mythology of many ancient cultures. Bright Stars This bright giant gets its modern name from For anyone new to the joys of star gazing, the mythological navigator of King Menelaus December heralds a beginner’s dream. Some of Sparta’s ship – some versions of the tale of the night sky’s brightest stars will illuminate suggest that Canopus was the helmsman or your experience. Orion, very much a summer pilot of the ship. constellation in Dunedin, will rise high in our northern night sky accompanied by his hunting Carina was once part of a much larger dogs – the constellations of Canis Major and constellation known as Argo Navis (the ship Argo) Canis Minor. Sirius, the ‘dog star’ impresses – three modern constellations formed this great with its luminosity; the brightest star in our ship in the sky, Carina the keel, Puppis the stern, night skies, it can be found at the head of and Vela the sails. In Greek mythology Argo was Canis Major (greater dog). the ship sailed by Jason and the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. The origins of Argo For Harry Potter fans out there, you can Navis stem from ancient Greek, in the 1760s probably surmise where some of J K Rowling’s Nicolas Louis de Lacaille split the constellation inspiration came from! Orion itself boasts into its modern components.