Dragan Damjanović, PhD

Zaključak groblja podigao je Pavlu Pejačeviću, posljednjem podgoračkom grofu, i Kraj Prvog svjetskog rata označio je ujedno kraj velikih graditeljskih njegovoj supruzi, svojoj tetki Alvini, rođenoj Hilleprand von Prandau, projekata na području Valpovačkog vlastelinstva. Iako se vlastelinstvo Architecture of the reprezentativnu neoklasicističku kapelu od kvalitetnog mramora i granita. 1919. ponovno povećalo nakon što je Rudolf Normann od brata Gustava Slavoniju, Karl je svirao zajedno s osječkim umjetnicima amaterima Zaključak Izveo ju je 1909. godine pod nadzorom osječkog graditelja Paula Wranke kupio Bizovačko vlastelinstvo, gospodarske prilike ovoga prostranoga Alojzijem Katzthallerom, Lackenbachom, Hermannom i inženjerom th bečki majstor Eduard Hauser, koji je u Osijeku imao ‚lijalu svoje tvrtke. 91 posjedaObitelj Hilleprand u sljedećih von su se Prandau nekoliko upravljala godina izrazito je Valpovačkim pogoršale. vlastelinstvom, Završetkom Bernardom te je priređivao glazbene večeri u Valpovu i Miholjcu. Kada Estate in the 19 Century Zanimljivo je napomenuti da se grobnica gotovo potpuno istoga rješenja agrarneodnosno reforme posjedom, 1934. 164 godine godine, vlastelinstvo a zatim upravu je izgubilo nad njim još jedanpreuzima dio se preselio u Beč, aktivno je sudjelovao u bečkom glazbenom životu. može naći i u samome Beču (i također ju je izvela tvrtka Hauser), na zemljištaobitelj von te Normann-Ehrenfels, se od tada bavilo isključivo do kon‚skacije prodajom 1945. drva. godine. U potpunosti Obitelj je Organizirao je glazbene večeri u svom bečkom domu te je pridonio groblju u Hietzingu, u neposrednoj blizini Schönbrunna, a podigla ju je nestaloHilleprand dolaskom von Prandau komunista poduzimala na vlast je1945. različite godine.93 aktivnosti na unapređenju stvaranju novog glazbenog instrumenta – ‚sharmonike. Nakon smrti obitelj Weiler. Vrijemegospodarstva neposredno na vlastelinstvu, nakon Prvog odnosno svjetskog posjedu. rata obilježenoPritom su mijenjalije polaganim svoje supruge Marije !erese Karl se još više posvetio glazbi, skladanju, organizaciju posjeda kako bi omogućili njegovo bolje funkcioniranje i Druga grobna kapela koju je Rudolf Normann namjeravao podići, a koja uništavanjem postojeće graditeljske baštine vlastelinstva – 1919. godine preradi djela W. A. Mozarta, L. van Beethovena, C. Gounoda, G. privređivanje. Obitelj von Normann-Ehrenfels preuzela je taj posjed u ujedno predstavlja i najambiciozniji sakralni projekt iz vremena njegova opljačkani su dvorci u Bizovcu i Jelengradu, a sve se više zapuštaju i brojni Meyerbeera, F. Mendelssohna, L. Spohra, F. Schuberta i drugih te posljednjim desetljećima postojanja pa se više bavila njegovim održanjem, upravljanja vlastelinstvom, nova obiteljska grobnica u Valpovu, ostat će drugi objekti po vlastelinstvu. Proces će kulminirati nakon 1945. godine, humanitarnom radu kao mecena siromašnih učenika i umjetnika, npr. a tek usputno razvojem. nerealizirana. Njezin projekt povjeren je već spomenutom omiljenom kada dvorac i cijeli posjed u Valpovu prelaze u državne ruke i kada je dio Ivana Lickla, Petera Schmidta, Antuna Oberrittera. Darovao je oko 1852. Obje obitelji nastojale su dio prihoda uložiti u unapređenje školstva na arhitektu slavonskih veleposjednika Istvánu Mölleru, koji je projektirao33 inventara ove prostrane plemićke rezidencije stradao što zbog vandalizma, Introduction godine župnoj crkvi sv. Mihaela arkanđela u Donjem Miholjcu orgulje. valpovačkom području. Pritom je obitelji Hilleprand von Prandau radila neorenesansnu građevinu čiji tlocrt podsjeća na grčki križ s tim da su što zbog nekvalitetno provedenih zahvata.94 th in or the estate cellar in Villány, which is in the Hungarian part of na širenju mreže obrazovnih institucija, a obitelj von Normann-Ehrenfels During the 19 century, Valpovo Estate was the one of the largest estates njegovi poprečni kraci transformirani u svetište, odnosno apsidu. Iznad Baranja today. na održavanju, odnosno omogućavanju daljnjega djelovanja školskih territorially in , and one of the most successful economically. središnjeg prostora kapele uzdizala bi se visoka kupola s lanternom. institucija. Obitelj Hilleprand von Prandau uložila je početkom 19. stoljeća !erefore, it is not surprising that the Valpovo landowners constructed a Projekti za kapelu datirani su 26. rujna 1914. godine, dakle izrađeni su th dio vlastelinskih prihoda u gradnju kazališne zgrade te je sve do polovice series of important residential, public, economic, and sacral buildings in The Complex of the Valpovo Castle at the End of the 18 and u trenutku kada je već počeo Prvi svjetski rat pa njihova realizacija nije th stoljeća ulagala u rad kazališta. the territory of the estate, and beyond it, during that period. the First Half of the 19 Century mogla početi.92 Nije jasno da li je trebala zamijeniti postojeću kapelu Valpovački vlastelini Considering that the archival materials from the estate were mostly !e main building of the Valpovo Estate, the Valpovo castle complex, Obje su obitelji svojim djelovanjem tijekom više od dva stoljeća omogućile svetog Roka ili biti podignuta na nekoj drugoj lokaciji. društveni, kulturni, obrazovni i gospodarski razvoj valpovačkog područja. preserved, it is possible to track the construction activities ‚nanced can be considered as one of the most layered monuments in by the estate in great detail, from the time it was established in 1721 in general, as well as the most interesting from the historical and art until it was disbanded in 1945. However, considering that there is a historical perspective. !e oldest part of the complex is a well preserved great amount of ‚les that deal with the construction interventions, they Medieval fort, doubtlessly built during the 15 th century, while the Valpovo Prandau-Normann cannot all be inspected in detail. Furthermore, considering that the total Estate was owned by the Morović family, which was granted to them by a number of structures that belonged to the estate was vast, as many as 562 deed from King Sigismund of Luxembourg. Considering that the fort was structures in 1885, 1 this text is a kind of a selection of the most important used during the Ottoman period and that it was not burned during the architectural achievements during the so-called long 19 th century, i.e. from and the establishment of the Habsburg authority over the ‚nal decades of the 18 th century until 1918. !e text is based on the this area in the end of the 17 th century, it was used and incorporated into archival materials from the estate, the overview of the periodicals from the new estate complex. Osijek and Slavonia from the end of the 19 th and the beginning of the !e earliest period of the post-Ottoman history of the main residence of VALPOVO LANDOWNERS 20 th century, and the texts published so far that covered the history or the the Valpovo landowners is the most di#cult period to research, because heritage of this estate. 2 only a few documents from the 18 th century were preserved. On New During its somewhat more than two hundred years of existence, the Year’s Eve 1802 there was a great ‚re at the castle which almost entirely PRANDAU-NORMANN 4 borders of the Valpovo Estate changed o"en, which is a fact that had to destroyed the archives and the old library. !e preserved documents be considered in this text, and it therefore had to be adjusted accordingly, indicate that immediately a"er Baron Petar II Antun Hilleprand von at least in part. !erefore, the buildings in the Miholjac area built before Prandau (1676 – 1767, owner of the estate 1721 – 1767) received 1831 and the formation of the separate Miholjac Estate were included in the Valpovo Estate from the ruler, as early as 1722 – 1724, the ‚rst the text, but the later construction in that area was excluded, considering interventions on the fort began and it started to be slowly adapted in order that those two estates were never again joined in the administrative sense. to turn it into a residence of a landowner, so the work was entrusted to On the other hand, some more signi‚cant structures from the short-lived the masonry supervisor Jacob Hagner. 5 While it appears that the east and Estate were included, considering that it was separated from the the west wing of the Medieval fort were only repaired, the south wing was Valpovo Estate only in the period from 1892 to 1919. 3 Also, the text covers thoroughly reconstructed in the ‚rst half of the 18 th century. !e motif estate structures that were outside of its territory, like the palace on the portrait of Petar II Antun Hilleprand von Prandau created around 1750 clearly shows that the mentioned wing of the castle already had all

1 Danhelovsky, A. Die Excellenz Gustav Hilleprand Freiherr von Prandau’schen Domänen Valpo und Dolnji-Miholjac in Slavonien. Wien : K. K. Ho`uchhandlung Wilhelm Frick, 1885, p. 287. 2 On the significance of the family in the cultural history of Slavonia see more in the dissertation: Najcer Sabljak, J. Umjetničke zbirke vlastelinskih obitelji u Slavoniji i Srijemu. Doktorski rad. : Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u 91 Damjanović, D. Grobna kapela grofa Pavla Pejačevića u Podgoraču. Našički zbornik 7(2002.), str. 221–229. Zagrebu, 2012, p. 40–85. 92 Muzej Slavonije, Povijesna zbirka, inv. br. 377–387. 3 Karaman, I. Valpovačko vlastelinstvo : ekonomsko-historijska analiza. Zagreb : Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1962, 89–91. 33 Demo, Š. [et al.], Zapisnik franjevačkog samostana u Našicama, knj. II (1788.-1820.). Našice : Zavičajni muzej ; : Hrvatski institut za povijest, Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje ; Zagreb : Hrvatski institut93 Karaman, za povijest, I. Nav. 2012., djelo, str. 1962., 361-362; str. 100–107. Perči Lj. Nav. djelo, str. 119–128; Stanić, D. Nav. djelo, 2003., str. 7–26. 4 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 12; Some of the literature states that the fire happened in 1801. Kuhač, F. K. Valpovo i njegovi gospodari. Zagreb : Tisak dioničke tiskare, 1876, p. 13. 94 Istraživanja za ovaj rad sufinancirali su Hrvatska zaklada za znanost projektom br. 4153, Croatia and Central Europe: Art and Politics in the Late Modern Period (1780 – 1945) te Sveučilište u Zagrebu potporom Hrvatska likovna 5 HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 181, fasc. XI, br. 292. Perči, Lj. Valpovačko vlastelinstvo na početku uprave baruna P. A. Hillepranda. Anali Zavoda za znanstveni i umjetnički rad u Osijeku 24(2008), p. 75–96; Paušak, M. Ostavština baština od baroka do postmoderne – umjetničke veze, import umjetnina, zbirke. plemićke obitelji Prandau – Normann. Valpovo : Ustanova za kulturne djelatnosti „Ante Evetović-Miroljub“, Muzej Valpovštine, 2009, p. 5.

1862012 187 the features it kept until today. 6 It was already a two-$oor building with a construction of numerous churches, chapels, and clergy houses, which Pecs Diocese from across the , apart from three villages, Čađavica, economic buildings) was preserved among the estate ‚les in the 1820s. rectangular $oor plan tower prominently placed at the main façade, which was partly due to the legal responsibilities of the estate. Moslavina, and Šaptinovci, which were under the administration of the !is is the period in which the economic and political situation in the 17 is topped with a type of a roof lantern that has a circular ground plan. Same as in other parts of the Hapsburg Monarchy, the estate had Zagreb ()Diocese. Partly because of the strict control of the estate stabilised a"er the war against Napoleon ended !erefore, we can assume that during the reconstruction that followed patronage rights and duties toward most of the Catholic parishes in its Construction O#ce, and probably partly because the entire territory (1815), which certainly bene‚ted the investments in construction. Most the great ‚re in 1802, the found situation was respected, i.e. that all the territory, which numbered 11 in total in 1829. 11 Considering that some of the estate was a part of the County, the construction there of the designs have been signed by the master mason Konrad Kopf. old preserved walls were used. 7 Considering that the architectural plastics of the parishes covered more than one settlement, the total number of was monitored by county surveyors and the administration of the Pecs His design for the administrator’s house in Miholjac from 1824, shows of the façade of the south wing could have been constructed in the 18 th churches and chapels was signi‚cantly higher. Due to the (patronage) Diocese did not have much of an e;ect on the church architecture of that was dominant style in his work. In the and the beginning of the 19 th century, it cannot be clearly determined obligations of the nobility to construct, renovate, and partly furnish this area. Sacral buildings that were built at the estate were almost the residential architecture of the estate at the time this style was in general 26 if its current appearance is the result of the intervention a"er the ‚re Catholic churches in its area, most of the church buildings were designed same as those built in Zagreb or Đakovo dioceses in the ‚rst half of the very widespread. An extremely tall roof of the building, almost twice th or if the older decoration was preserved. It is certain that the castle was by the engineers or master masons of the Construction O#ce of the estate 19 century. All the newly-built churches were exclusively single-nave as high as the walls, as well as the windows on it, on one hand indicate reconstructed by the landowner of Valpovo at the time, the son of Petar or builders from Osijek, who were regularly hired by the estate to work on structures with a tower in front of the façade and supported by four that this space were used for storage purposes, and on the other hand it Antun, Baron Josip Ignjat Žigmund Hilleprand von Prandau (1758 – its construction projects. massive pylons. Almost all of them feature very simply articulated side indicates a considerably di;erent climate, colder winters in the beginning facades, usually with several lesenes and emphasized cornices, as well as of the 19 th century, which is why the tall inclination was required to secure 1816, the owner of the estate in the period 1767 – 1816), and it was done !e patronage responsibilities of the estate did not extend to the Orthodox the concentration of the decorations mostly on the bell tower, i.e. the main the roof from snow. Kopf’s design for the cellar in Villány 27 unfortunately under the direction of the master cra"smen from Osijek, master mason parishes in its territory, 12 however, there were not many of those. Of the façade. !e type of vaults in the interior and the shape of the apse vary does not contain a page that shows the facade, so we do not know the (Baumeister ) Anton Hartmann and master carpenter ( Zimmermeister ) total of 45 villages, which is how many there were at the estate in 1786, 13 from one building to the next. Only several churches (in , style features of this building, one of the most important real property Mathias Wagner. None of their designs for this building could not be the Orthodox population was the majority in only four of them: Budimci, Šljivoševci, Habjanovci, and Poganovci) contain an interesting and rare owned by the of Valpovo. Kopf was also the designer of the estate found, so the scope of the intervention is not fully known, but judging Poganovci, Kapelna, and Kućanci, and in one, Martinci (Čepinski), the motif – a semi-circular window with an inserted motif that looks like a river mill on Karašica built in 1827, 28 a building that is very simple in from the amounts spent on construction in the castle from 1801 to 1810, Orthodox and Catholic populations were mixed. Despite the fact that 8 Cyrillic letter Ž, which is titled “breach lunette” by Croatian art historian architectural terms, but technically very demanding, and which had an it was signi‚cant. there was not an obligation to help with the construction of Orthodox Anđela Horvat 18 . important role in the economy of this estate in the 19 th century. !e castle complex was constantly expanded until the late 19 th century, churches, the estate would regularly, whether in materials or by sparing which will be covered later in the text. During the 1880s, the residence of the population from mandatory labour, support their serfs of Orthodox In speci‚c cases we know, thanks to the preserved documents, who It is not entirely clear who among the construction sta; of the estate the Valpovo landowners contained 4,031 square metres of space in total, faith. A particularly interesting case is the one of the Orthodox church the designers were, of churches as well as other buildings. !e best was in charge of dra"ing designs. !e sources only tell us that, aside and it was surrounded by an English type park of the surface area of 35 in Kapelna, which was built in 1833 through the personal engagement of documented case is the construction of the parish church in Brođanci from master masons, they were also dra"ed by master carpenters – 29 jutros! (1 jutro = 5754.64 m 2) Several buildings were located within the Baron Josip Ignjat’s widow, Baroness Marija Ana Eleonora nee Pejačević (1798), for which the design and the construction records have been like Georg Seifert, who designed the church in Poganovci. However, 19 complex: three greenhouses, gardener’s house, a stable and a barn, a cart Virovitička. 14 preserved. !e design of the church is signed by the master mason from the organisation of the construction administration at the estate and Osijek, Anton Hartmann, and the carpentry master on the building was the names of the construction sta; and their salaries were possible to shed ( Remise ), a kitchen and laundry building, and various other smaller !e list of constructed or reconstructed churches is the clearest evidence 9 Mathias Wagner, who was, as mentioned before, in charge of the repairs reconstruct, thanks to the estate salary lists (Salarial-Tabelle), which buildings. Unfortunately, many of these structures were nor preserved – of the intensive construction activity in the area of sacral architecture. on the castle in Valpovo a"er the ‚re half a decade later. 20 !e documents were preserved since the start of the 19 th century (along with several they were mostly destroyed a"er the estate was nationalised in 1945. Since the ‚nal decades of the 18 th to the middle of the 19 th century, the revealed that the cost of the masonry work on the church was 3,095.03 older ones from the end of the 18 th century). !e lists from the end of the following Catholic churches and a#liate chapels were built in the territory 21 22 th guldens, and the cost of the carpentry work was 459.58 guldens. 18 th and the very beginning of the 19 th century only mention the names Architecture of the Valpovo Estate at the End of the 18 and of the estate: in Črnkovci (1792), Podgajci (1795), Donji Miholjac th of the gardeners at the estate: Georg Stadler (1786) and Anton Fusbe the First Half of the 19 Century (completed in 1795), Brođanci (1798), Rakitovica (1798), Harkanovci It appears that these two masters also constructed many other buildings (1809), who is joined by the land surveyor Franjo Kremniczky, who had, Considering that the Valpovo landowners Petar Antun and Josip Ignjat (1799, expanded in 1940), Bizovac (1802), Martinci (1803), Satnica (1808), in the entire territory of the estate, like the clergy house in 23 according to earlier research, made a land survey of the estate in 1785. 30 Hilleprand von Prandau lived in their palace in the centre of Vienna for Nard (1815 – 1817), Čamagajevci (1817), Lacići (1817), Marjančanci and the estate stables. !e preserved design by Anton Hartmann for 24 the most of the 18 th century, the estate was managed by various arendators, (thoroughly repaired in 1817), Marijanci (Medieval church from the 15 th the administrator’s house in Valpovo from 1806, as well as the theatre A"er 1811, the information became much more detailed. A"er that year, 25 so it is not surprising that the construction activity during that period was century expanded in 1813 or 1819), Bocanjevci (1821), Šljivoševci (1794, building in the same settlement (1809) that he designed, indicate this the estate had one engineer within the General Department and one not very intensive. !e situation began to change only a"er Baron Josip rebuilt a"er the ‚re in 1822), Beničanci (1824), Golinci (1825 – 1826), builder applied the style that was dominant in the Monarchy at the time, masonry and carpentry masters each, who were a part of the castle sta; Ignjat moved to Valpovo in 1791. He and his son, Baron Anton Gustav Zelčin (1829), Ivanovci (1830), Radikovci (1834), Habjanovci (1837), and the so-called Neoclassical Plattenstil , with the decorations based on (Schlosspersonale ). !e ‚rst documented estate engineer was Carl Baky Hilleprand von Prandau (1807 – 1885, owner of the estate a"er 1831) 10 , Ladimirevci (from the 18 th century, rebuilt in 1815, completed in 1848). 15 rectangular niches and protrusions, which he sometimes combined with (employed from 1/11/1811 to 1831, died in 1850), who was succeeded completed a signi‚cant number of construction projects and established Furthermore, four Orthodox churches were also built: in Martinci (1802), Baroque elements (roof on the theatre building). by Laurenz Nadoba (employed from 1/4/1831 until his death in 1875), a very e#cient Construction O#ce. Aside from reconstructing and Kućanci (1827 – 1828), Kapelna (1833) and Poganovci (1843). 16 A considerable number of designs (primarily for various residential and who held that position for a very long time. !e ‚rst master mason listed in the salary lists was the previously mentioned Konrad Kopf (employed furnishing the castle, they also erected many economic, administrative, Catholic parishes in the estate had a speci‚c administrative position since and school buildings. Lastly, they donated signi‚cant sums for the the end of the Ottoman rule and until 1918 – they were a part of the 17 Despite the etorts of some of the Đakovo bishops, like Josip Juraj Strossmayer, the area of the Valpovo Deanery, i.e. the so-called Valpovo triangle, was never included in any of the Croatian Church provinces until the dissolution of -. Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 54; Sršan, S. mentioned work, 2005, p. VII–XVI. [VIII–IX]. The connections of the estate with Pecs were very strong, which is confirmed by the purchase of the house in that city in 1819, in Heugasse 5. Perči, Lj. Kommetij=Haus zu Valbo – prilog poznavanju kazališnog života u Valpovu od 1809. do 1823. godine u svjetlu arhivskog fonda obitelji Prandau i Normann. Osječki zbornik 28(2006), p. 133.

6 Obad Šćitaroci, M.; Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. Dvorci i perivoji u Slavoniji od Zagreba do Iloka. Zagreb : Šćitaroci, 1998, p. 313. Of course, there is the possibility that the image of the castle was added to the portrait later. 18 Nadbiskupski arhiv Zagreb, Putna bilježnica Anđele Horvat br. XII, 1957. – 1958., 87, Poganovci, October 23 1958, Thursday, 9.15 am. Damjanović, D. Pravoslavna crkva svetog Ilije u Poganovcima. Peristil 57(2014), p. 91–101. 7 It is possible that the architectural plastics of the façade was not damaged in the fire at all, due to the exceptional thickness of the walls. 19 HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 48., fasc. II., dosje 1488 – 794. 8 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 64–65. 20 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 64–65; Obad Šćitaroci, M.; Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. mentioned work, 1998, p. 313. 9 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 294–295. 21 HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 48., fasc. II., dosje 1488 – 794. Proračun Antona Hartmanna, Osijek, 2. 1. 1794. 10 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 11. 22 Ibid., Proračun Mathiasa Wagnera, Osijek, 21. 1. 1794. 11 Sršan S. (editor) Visitationes Canonnicae. Kanonske vizitacije, knjiga III., Valpovačko-miholjačko područje 1730. – 1830. Osijek : Državni arhiv u Osijeku : Biskupija đakovačka i srijemska, 2005, p. XI. 23 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 64–65. 12 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 59. 24 HR-DAOS-476. Zbirka projekata. 13 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 5. 25 Perči, Lj. mentioned work, 2006, p. 129–131. Perči, Lj. Graditelj kazališta na majuru Antun (Anton) Hartmann (1749. – 1830.). Anali Zavoda za znanstveni i umjetnički rad u Osijeku 31(2015), p. 101–116. 14 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 45. 26 HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 56., fasc. II., dosje br. 5844. 15 Information on the time of construction or expansion of churches taken from: Kuhač, F. K. mentioned work, 1876, p. 13; Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 24–49; Tukara D. (editor) Šematizam Đakovačko-osječke 27 Ibid., dosje br. 5736, Vilanyer Ober Haus Gebaude. nadbiskupije. Đakovo : Nadbiskupski ordinarijat, 2013; Sršan, S. mentioned work, 2005. 28 Muzej Slavonije, Povijesna zbirka, br. 368. 16 Information on the time of construction of Orthodox churches taken from: Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 24–49; Kosovac, M. Mitropolija karlovačka po podacima od 1905. god. Sremski Karlovci : Srpska manastirska 29 Trifunović, L. (editor) Klasicizam kod Srba 2 – Građevinarstvo. Beograd : Narodni muzej : Izdavačko preduzeće Prosveta, 1966, p. 440–441. štamparija, 1910, p. 822, 824. 30 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 51.

188 189 from 1/1/1820 until 3/4/1850), who was succeeded by Nikolaus Rauscher or expanded a"er Gustav’s daughter Marijana moved there, a"er she and innkeeper. Finally, judging from the style two longitudinal buildings that Matija Vincek (1913 – 1914) was appointed to that position. 44 35 (Niklos Rausher) (employed from 25/4/1851 probably until 1855). !e Konstantin von Normann-Ehrenfels got married in 1852. were used as stables, located next to the theatre, were rebuilt at the time Among the construction sta;, Vincenz Beer was employed the longest – ‚rst master carpenter found in the lists was also the previously mentioned !e new Valpovo steam mill is considered to be one of the most in neo-Gothic style. Even though the plans for this part of the complex almost ‚ve decades. He was born in Sandomierz, in Poland, and received Georg Seifert (employed from 1/1/1835 probably until 1855, retired a"er monumental buildings at the estate, built from 1867 – 1868. 36 !e were not preserved, considering the style similarities with the design for his education at the Polytechnic in Lvov, a"er which he worked on the 1/11/1870, died on 31/3/1877). Except for him, in 1850s another master preserved and realised designs for the building that does not exist today, the restoration of the chapel, it is almost certain that they were rebuilt cadastral survey of South Tyrol, Primorje, and Hungary. He arrived at the carpenter was employed, Jakob Nerses on which the signature of the designer is unfortunately not present, show according to Hugo Ehrhardt’s designs. Prandau estate in 1865, but to Donji Miholjac ‚rst, he moved to Valpovo (employed from 1/10/1852 probably until 1855). A"er 1855, there is a that it was a spacious multi-$oor building with facades made of facing !e wave of construction that started in the early 1860s ended by the three years later. A"er he retired in 1912, the estate was paying him noticeable change in the composition of construction sta; at the estate, bricks, which were widely used in the industrial architecture of the 19 th middle of the 1870s, probably due to the great economic crisis in Europe pension until he died on 24/11/1923. 45 According to the information from 31 which will be discussed further later in the text. century. in 1873. In the last ten years of estate administration, Gustav Prandau the Osijek press, all the economic buildings constructed at the estate in 46 Some of the construction achievements of Gustav Prandau from that was more focused on the maintenance of the existing buildings than on the period when he was working in the Construction O#ce are his work. The Last Decades of the Administration of Gustav Prandau 42 period were motivated purely by aesthetic motives. Between 1862 constructing new ones. !e construction activities picked up again a"er Very few of the designs were preserved though, and those that were and the Emergence of in the Architecture of the and 1869, the estate castle in Valpovo was, for example, thoroughly the estate was divided in 1891, when Count Rudolf Joseph von Normann- preserved are signed by the mentioned head of the Construction O#ce Valpovo Estate (1850 – 1885) renovated. 37 It could not be precisely determined what exact work was Ehrenfels changed the organisation of the estate and soon a"er formed a August Lerch. Regardless of who their author is, they are all utilitarian 43 Similar to most of Croatia and Slavonia, a"er the suppression of the done in that intervention. However, there is a preserved design for a special Engineering O#ce ( Ingenieuramt ). single-$oor buildings with facing brick facades, sometimes with wood- revolution in 1848/1849, Historicism began appearing in the architecture Romanticist, somewhat Gothic, $oor of one of the halls of the castle, !e salary lists also make it possible to reconstruct the composition of the carved porches which are di#cult to de‚ne regarding their style. of the Valpovo Estate. !is was the period when the previously mentioned which o;ers some information about that renovation. It was made by construction sta; of the estate during the entire period since the transition Baron Gustav Prandau started with the implementation of the series of the builder August Lerch, 38 and aside from his signature, the papers also to the capitalist system of management until the dissolution of Austro- New Historicist Residences of the Normann-Ehrenfels Family construction projects, in Valpovo and in other settlements at the estate, contain the signature of the engineer Nicolaus Pansipp. Furthermore, the Hungarian Monarchy (and a"er that, until the estate was dissolved). !ere – Palace in Osijek and the Hunting Castle Jelengrad which were partly motivated by the e;orts to adapt the estate to new, photographs of the castle taken not long a"er World War II indicate that were two engineers in the third quarter of the 19 th century – along with !e connections of the Valpovo landowners with the city of Osijek, as capitalist production conditions, i.e. the formation of new industrial some of the halls at the castle were decorated with Romanticist decorative the previously mentioned Laurenz Nadoba, who was employed until his the largest population centre in Slavonia and the capital of the Virovitica facilities, which were supposed to make up for the loss of income paintings. Finally, the castle was furnished with exceptionally lavish death in 1875, the estate also hired Georg Kötz (1/1/1859 – 1861/1862) County, which contained the territory of the estate, were very strong since which occurred a"er the feudal fees ended and a part of their land was furniture in the second half of the 19 th century and the walls were ‚lled and Nikolaus Pansipp (1/7/1862 – 1869; during 1869 he became a senior the very beginnings of its history. Similar to other noble landowning con‚scated. with paintings, graphics, photographs, trophies, and other objects. Some engineer/ Oberingenieur). A"er the end of the 1870s only one engineer families in Slavonia, the Prandaus also owned a house in Osijek, which Since the middle of the 1860s, as the result of the mentioned changes, of the furniture and art were acquired by Gustav Prandau and some of was employed – Vincenz Beer (1879 – 1/4/1912) and Franz Červenka they used as a residence while they were doing business with the Gustav Prandau started forming a series of tenant farms on his estate and it by his descendants. Newspaper reports revealed that in 1855 Gustav (1912 – 1916; 1919 – ?) a"er him. merchants in Osijek or when they would visit various social, cultural, building new buildings on them (Selce, 1864; Cerovac, 1865; Vučkovac, Normann acquired a dining room set and a salon wardrobe from the Aside from the engineers, in the second half of the 19 th and in the political, and religious events. A plot of land in the very centre of Gornji 1867; Jedinac, 1868), as well as building houses for farm managers and carpenter Josef Metzing, and that those pieces of furniture were made beginning of the 20 th century, the Valpovo Estate hired many more other grad in Osijek, very near the Capuchin monastery, which was used for the 32 39 other similar buildings, most of which were very modest single-$oor according to the designs by famous Croatian architect Herman Bollé. construction sta;. A"er 1855, the master masons and carpenters were construction of the future palace, was bought by the ‚rst post-Ottoman houses. Furthermore, he had built small hunting cabins in the so-called Furthermore, the preserved designs indicate that Gustav Prandau also rarely mentioned in the salary lists. !e titles of managers or associates landowner of Valpovo, Petar II Antun Hilleprand von Prandau, in June of 47 Swiss style (in Lipovac near Miholjac, Polom near Koška, Cret near planned to renovate the castle chapel. Instead of the Baroque tower and of the Construction O#ce are introduced instead. Accordingly, from 1725, only four years a"er the king Charles VI granted him the estate. 33 48 Valpovo). One of those (unfortunately without the indication of the tympanum, he planned to build neo-Gothic additions that would better 1/11/1859 to 1868 Hugo Ehrhard was a Bauadjunct (construction A single-$oor building was built at the plot, repaired in 1809, which location where it was built), has been reproduced in the Koch-Kuhač match the Medieval walls and tower located very close to the chapel. !e associate) at the Valpovo Estate, and then he was a Bauamtsadjunct remained standing until just before the end of 1889, when Countess monograph about Valpovo. !e reproduction clearly shows that it was a Romanticist design, made in Valpovo by the Bau-Adjunct Hugo Ehrhardt (Construction O#ce associate) and Bauamtsleiter (head of the Marijana von Normann-Ehrenfels (1828 – 1891), the daughter of Gustav single-$oor building built in the Fachwerk technique, constructed using in February of 1862, belongs to a group of the earliest preserved examples Construction O#ce) in Donji Miholjac (1868 – 1873). In Valpovo, Prandau, along with her sons, counts Gustav Rudolf Karl Kaspar and timber and mortar in‚ll material. !e Swiss houses got their name from of re-gothization in a church architecture in Croatia, however, it was not Ehrhard was succeeded as Bauadjunct by Josef Kugel (9/11/1868 – Rudolf Joseph von Normann-Ehrenfels, decided to demolish it and 49 their wooden, richly engraved porch, which is, in the case of buildings at completed. !e refurbishment of the chapel was ultimately abandoned, 1/9/1869?) and he was succeeded by August Lerch ( Bauadjunct 1/9/1869 build a new, luxurious Historicist palace in its place. !e construction the Valpovo estate, equally reminiscent of Alpine architecture and of the and Franjo Kuhač le" some records that state that the Baron also decided – 1874, Bauamtsleiter , 1874 – 1892). Between 1/1/1872 and 1877, Johann and furnishing of the new building lasted for a year and a half. It started 50 51 motifs based on traditional architecture of Slavonia and Syrmia. to preserve the original appearance of the medieval walls. 40 Schmerl also worked as Bauamtsadjunct . in June of 1890 and by the June of 1891 it was mostly ‚nished. !e residential permit was ‚nally issued at the end of October of the same A version of the Swiss style was also used as a starting point for the wood Furthermore, in 1867 the new estate stables and the southern fruit Some of the positions in the construction service were temporary. year. 52 parts of the estate manor in Bizovac, which is, along with the palace in orchard were constructed not far from the castle, 41 and a spacious Vincenz Beer worked as the second land surveyor for a decade and a half Osijek and the estate cellar in Villány considered to be one of the most bathhouse complex was built in 1869, a"er it was discovered that the (1/10/1865 – 1879) and Josef Khan worked more than a decade as the !e palace itself stands out with the lavishness of its façade and by its size, th 34 important real property of the estate at the end of the 19 century. !e water from the wells is rich in iron and was bene‚cial for human health. masonry supervisor (1/12/1871 – 1882). Just before the First World War, and originally it had exceptionally high quality furnishings. !e main design for it has not been preserved, but it can be assumed that it was built !e complex also contained a dancehall, a bowling alley, and a $at for the the position of a construction assistant was formed (Bauassistent) and building, toward the street, was imagined as a residential-commercial

31 HR-DAOS-476, knjige br. 1004 – 1028, Salarial-Tabelle 1786., 1809., 1810. – 1855. 42 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 80–81. 32 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 42, 73–75. 43 Ibid., 91–92. According to the Salarial-Tabelles, it appears that the Engineering Oxce has existed since 1894. 33 Kuhač, F. K. mentioned work, 1876, p. 20. 44 HR-DAOS-476, knjige br. 1029 – 1090, Salarial-Tabelle 1856. – 1918. 34 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 295–297. 45 Same as to all of its employees. Widows of the estate employees were also entitled to retirement. The information about the death of Vincenz Beer was taken from the estate salary lists. 35 Čuržik, V. Bizovačko i petrijevačko vlastelinstvo (1892. – 1919.). Petrijevački ljetopis 1(1999), p. 44. 46 Graf Normannscher Ingenieur Vinzenz Beer, Die Drau, no. 251 (6882), 4 November 1910, p. 3. 36 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 298. 47 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 10. 37 Kuhač, F. K. mentioned work, 1876, p. 23. 48 Perči, Lj. mentioned work, 2006, p. 130. 38 Lerch kept that position for a long time, it appears all the way to the middle of the 1880s, maybe even after that. Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 82. 49 Bauthätigkeit in Frühjahr 1890., Die Drau, no. 103, 22 December 1889, p. 3. 39 These pieces of furniture were displayed at the National Exhibition in . A. S., Der kroatische Pavillon, Agramer Zeitung, br. 117, 23 May 1885, p. 2-4. 50 Palais Normann, Die Drau, no. 73, 24 June 1890, p. 2. 40 “In his renovation of the city however, Baron Prandau did not disturb the old outer walls and the tower, which still stand intact.” Kuhač, F. K. mentioned work, 1876, p. 23. 51 Zur Bauthätigkeit, Die Drau, no. 72, 21 June 1891, p. 3–4. 41 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 74–75. Ananashaus is mentioned already in 1846. HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 590, rationes, 1846., br. 49., cjelina 2, Gaertnerey, Ananashaus Eindeckung. 52 Palais Normann, Slavonische Presse, no. 125, 22 October 1891, p. 2.

190 191 space, it had 693 square metres of space in total, and the adjoining His employment at this project can probably be attributed to the In 1896 the owner of the Bizovac Estate built a new luxurious hunting that were planned to be made from wrought iron, then for the addition building in the yard (with the stables, cart shed, and servants’ quarters) recommendation of the bishop of Đakovo, Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Since castle for himself not far from the village , which was called of a new terrace, and the addition of a hallway in the castle remained had another 595 square metres. the middle of the 1880s, Strossmayer has been on very good terms with Jelengrad. It was built between April 63 and August of the mentioned year, unrealised. 72 !e organisation of space in the main building was handled very Vancaš, whom he hired to repair the roof lantern of the cathedral and the according to the design by the famous builder from Osijek Wilhelm Carl !e designs of the Hungarian architect István (Stefan) Möller for the skilfully. !e ground $oor had two separate shops, a clerk’s apartment Medieval walls of the episcopal complex in Đakovo, and aside from that, Ho[auer. Only the masters from Osijek were hired to build it – Friedrich thorough reconstruction and expansion of the castle, created between and a kitchen and sanitary facilities, and the ‚rst $oor was reserved he was fascinated with his recently completed cathedral in Sarajevo. !at Elblinger did the sheet metal work, Hirt was in charge of carpentry 1914 and 1917, also remained unrealised. 73 Even though before the war, for the owners. Marble staircase connected the street entrance with the is why he recommended Vancaš to the people of Osijek in 1889 for the work, whereas the company Nagy & Walter did the blacksmithing. A in June of 1914, the newspapers in Osijek reported that Rudolf Normann 56 lobby on the ‚rst $oor, from which there was access to the salon and design of the new parish church. Vancaš probably came in contact with picturesque building, built in dense forest, right next to the river Drava was planning to demolish the old and build a new castle in Valpovo, with the dining room. !e corners of the house contained rooms for Count the Normann family during his visit to Osijek related to that project, who had a kitchen, pantry, and servants’ quarters in the basement area. !e the costs that would amount to the enormous 3 million kronen, 74 the Gustav Normann (for whom, it appears, the palace was mainly built) then hired him to build their new palace. Considering that the Normann ground $oor contained a spacious apartment for the owner, and the designs “only” included the thorough restoration of the Medieval part and his mother. !e bathroom and the servants’ room were connected family was close with the lawyer Dragutin Neumann (Neumann managed ‚rst $oor had three guest rooms, two for the forest keeper, and a large of the castle, the construction of a new tower above the entrance part of 57 to the bedrooms. !e space intended for the social life of the owner were the estate economic activities in the 1890s), it is not surprising that he communal dining room (breakfast room). !e castle was built so hunters the castle chapel, and the addition of three $oors above the old Medieval 64 centred around the lavishly decorated lobby of the ground $oor, so they also hired the same architect in 1895 to design his palace, which was from Vienna and the other parts of the Monarchy could stay there. It was tower. Möller also made designs for the thorough reconstruction of the were easily accessible. !e rooms of the count and countess, probably located in the nearby Kapucinska ulica (today Europska avenija). an exceptional example of late Historicism, built in German Renaissance southern, main residential wing of the castle, but primarily for the interior intended for meetings with friends and clients, were facing the square, !e Normann palace belongs to the group of extremely rare buildings in Style (it was described in Osijek daily periodicals in 1896 as “Mehr and the courtyard section. He planned to build a new, neo-Baroque 65 and the private rooms (bedrooms, bathrooms) were located in the part Osijek from the second half of the 19 th century the designs of which were altdeutsch als modern...”), so it is not surprising that its design was also staircase and to resize the existing rooms. If it was realised, the castle 66 of the building facing the courtyard. Judging from the descriptions of the published in renowned architectural journals of the German speaking published in the renowned Viennese journal Der Bautechniker , and would have become a picturesque late-Historicist building, but it would palace a"er it was completed, the salons were decorated with luxurious area. !is was doubtlessly due to the initiative of the architect Vancaš that the daily periodicals in Zagreb reported about its construction on also destroy some of the historical layers. !e war, and the devaluation 67 wallpapers and the ceilings were decorated with stucco. himself, who was building an image for himself by publishing designs in several occasions. !e preserved photographs of the building show that of the krone soon a"er, combined with the di#cult economic situation, Jelengrad was reconstructed at least once – a rectangular tower was added, !e Normanns hired entrepreneurs almost exclusively from Osijek for the Central European architectural publications. !e reputable Viennese stopped its realisation. and another $oor too it appears. Unfortunately, today there is nothing the construction and furnishing of the palace, doubtlessly in order to aid journal Der Bautechniker published the design for the façade and the While the Valpovo landowners before the beginning of the 20 th century le" of this castle. It was looted in the post-war chaos of 1919, a"er which the local economy. !erefore, construction work was done by the builder $oor plans of the palace in March of 1896, as well as a short but very hired almost exclusively engineers from the estate, local engineers 58 it was bought from his brother by Rudolf Normann. 68 It was completely Franz Wybiral, Josef Metzing was in charge of carpentry, Anton Maulbeck informative text about its construction. Furthermore, the designs for the from Osijek, or Croatian architects, Rudolf Normann decided to turn demolished in 1932, during the time when it was owned by the company was the blacksmith, Antun Pšik did all the sheet metal work, Anton Erben palace were exhibited at the Millennium Exhibition in Budapest, in the to designers from Vienna and Budapest. !e choice of Möller is not Neuschloss. 69 A"er Jelengrad was sold, Gustav Normann moved away, to was the painter, and Adolf Heim did all the glazing work. Companies and Croatian Art Pavilion, along with the design for the house of Dragutin surprising since that architect was extremely popular among the Slavonian 59 the castle Premstätten near Graz in Styria. 70 cra"smen from other cities were hired only for the work that could not be Neumann. high nobility. Counts hired him to construct the chapel of the Lady done by the masters from Osijek. Sculpturing and stonecutting was done !e new palace was not used by its investors for a long time. Only two of the Oaks in , 75 and the Nuštar Estate of the counts Khuen- Unrealised Rebuilding of the Valpovo Castle 1901 – 1917 by Johann Nowotny (Novotny), Jerk & Schuschnitz did the wallpapers weeks a"er the residential permit was issued, on 8 November 1891, Belassy had him expand their castle and chapel. 76 Finally, the Mailáth and ceiling ornaments, the company Brausewetter from Wagram Countess Marijana von Normann-Ehrenfels died. 60 During the following While Gustav Normann’s Bizovac Estate was facing ‚nancial di#culties family , the owners of the estate in Donji Miholjac, which were related th made the terracotta ornaments, and the companies Hartdmuth and year, the Valpovo Estate was (again) divided into two parts. !e palace in at the end of the 19 century, if the sale of the palace in Osijek is an to the Normann family, hired this architect at the very beginning of the Wienerberger Ziegelfabriks und Baugesellscha" did the stoves and $oor Osijek and the eastern and southern parts of the estate (about 1/3 of the appropriate indicator, the Valpovo Estate owned by his brother Rudolf 20 th century to build a neo-Gothic castle in that town (1905 – 1914), the tiles. Considering the quality of the construction and the spaciousness of territory) went to Gustav Normann, which created the separate Bizovac was in a much better situation. According to the o#cial tax reports from last monumental example of residential architecture of the nobility in the palace, it is not surprising that the total costs for its construction were Estate, and the rest of the estate around Valpovo went to his brother the , the landowner of Valpovo was the second largest Croatia. 77 !e Slavonian high nobility were generally the key protagonists 71 as high as 120,000 forints. 53 Rudolf. 61 taxpayer in this county, following the landowners of Donji Miholjac. in the transfer of ideas in the area of architecture from Hungary to Croatia th th !e facades of the building were designed in the style of early Italian !e palace in Osijek soon got entirely di;erent owners. It was sold to the !erefore, it is not surprising that Rudolf Normann started several in the 19 and the early 20 century, primarily due to the family relations Renaissance. !ey are decorated with terracotta ornaments (frieze, Austro-Hungarian Bank in 1898, which opened its Osijek branch o#ce construction projects in Valpovo, most of which remained un‚nished with the high nobility in Hungary, and because they usually owned capitals, corbels, blind balustrade), and in the centre of the main façade there immediately therea"er. Judging from the circumstances that Gustav though, due to various circumstances. It appears that the designs of the property in Hungarian urban centres. Another factor for the “preference” there is, connected to the salon, a stone balcony, over which there is the Normann sold it for 112,000 forints, so for an amount that is lower than reputable Viennese architect Heinrich Adam from 1901 for the new, of Hungarian designers was surely their political orientation – they were tympanum that originally displayed the family coat of arms. 54 what was spent for its construction and furnishing, 62 it is safe to assume luxurious neo-Renaissance-neo-Baroque front door of the castle complex, almost all unionists, i.e. supporters of the idea that Croatia should be as !e designer of the palace is the Croatian architect Josip Vancaš, 55 that he was forced to sell it due to the high maintenance costs of the 63 Bau eines Jagdschlosses in Petrievce, Die Drau, no. 43, 12 April 1896, p. 5. who lived and worked in Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina at the time. palace, and probably also because he had to cover his new construction 64 Das gräflich Normann’sche Jagdschloß, Slavonische Presse, no. 165, 19 July 1896, p. 3; Das Jagdschloß des Grafen Gustav Normann-Ehrenfels, Die Drau, no. 91, 4 August 1896, p. 4. investments. 65 Ibid. 66 Ho`auer, W. C. Jagdschloss „Jelengrad“ in Petrijevce, Der Bautechniker 17 (29/4/1898.), p. 321–322., also the illustration on page 323. 53 Vancaš, J. Palais des Grafen Gustav Normann – Ehrenfels in Essegg (Slavonien). Der Bautechniker 12 (20/3/1896), p. 209–210. 67 Bau eines Jagdschlossen in Petrievce, Agramer Zeitung, no. 85, 13 April 1896, p. 5; Jelengrad, Obzor, no. 180, 6 August 1896, p. 1; Jagden auf Schloß Jelengrad, Agramer Zeitung, no. 195, 26 August 1896, p. 5. 54 Ibid. Vancaš designed his house in Sarajevo in similar style, only far more modestly, with the same type of window openings, and there are certain similarities with the palace of the Salom family in the same city. Vancaš, J. Wohnhaus des behördlich autorisirten Civil-Architekten Josef von Vancas in Sarajevo. Der Bautechniker 44 (4/11/1898), p. 911. 68 Obad Šćitaroci, M.; Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. mentioned work, 1998, p. 180–181; Čuržik, V. mentioned work, 1999, 50–57. 55 Ivanković, G. M. Josip Vancaš-Požeški. Palača grofova Normann von Ehrenfels. U: Historicizam u Hrvatskoj, knjiga 2. Zagreb : Muzej za umjetnost i obrt, 2000, p. 539. 69 J-i, Srušen vlastelinski dvorac Jelengrad, Jutarnji list, no. 7451, 27 October 1932, p. 10. 56 Zum Baue der Oberstädter Pfarrkirche, Die Drau, no. 93, 17 November 1889, p. 2; Damjanović, D. Neogotička arhitektura u opusu Josipa Vancaša : radovi u Italiji, Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji. Prostor 22(2014), 2 (48), p. 255. 70 Najcer Sabljak, J. mentioned work, 2012, p. 44–45. I would like to thank prof. Silvija Lučevnjak for the information about the move to Premstätten. 57 As confirmed by the circumstance that they travelled through Dalmatia together in 1903. Starine, Obzor, no. 63, 17 March 1902, p. 3. 71 Ibid., 45. See the oxcial lists of the large taxpayers in the Virovitica County: Oglas, Narodne novine, no. 35, 12 February 1902, p. 1; Oglas, Narodne novine, no. 10, 14 January 1903, p. 1. 58 Vancaš, J. mentioned work, 1896, p. 209–210. Same also in: Holjac, J. Palača grofa Gustava Normanna-Ehrenfelskog u Osijeku. Viesti društva inžinira i arhitekta 2 (15/2/1897), p. 15–16. 72 HR-DAOS-476. Zbirka projekata. 59 Chvala, J. Milenijska izložba u Budimpešti. Viesti društva inžinira i arhitekta 5 (15/7/1896), p. 71–73. 73 Ministarstvo kulture, Uprava za zaštitu kulturne baštine, Konzervatorski odjel u Osijeku, Zbirka planova valpovačkog dvorca. 60 Gräfin Marianne Normann-Ehrenfels†, Slavonische Presse, no. 133, 10 November 1891, p. 1–2. 74 Schloßbau in Valpovo, Die Drau, no. 123, 2 June 1914, p. 3. 61 Rudolf’s property contained 2/3 of the territory of the former estate, considering that he purchased 1/3 of the estate from his sister. Die Theilung der Prandau’schen Herrschaft, Slavonische Presse, no. 64, 31 May 1892, p. 2; 75 Karač Z. Urbanistički razvoj i arhitektonska baština Vukovara od baroka do novijeg doba (1687 – 1945). In: Vukovar, vjekovni hrvatski grad na Dunavu. Zagreb : Nakladna kuća „Dr. Feletar”, 1994, p. 287. Čuržik, V. mentioned work, 1999, p. 42–60. 76 Vučetić, R.; Haničar Buljan, I. Nuštar : Dvorac Khuen-Belassy. Zagreb : Institut za povijest umjetnosti, 2012, p. 14, 21–22, 165, 167–168. 62 Das Palais Normann, Die Drau, no. 50 (4537), 28 April 1898, p. 3; Das gräflich Normann’sche Palais, Die Drau, no. 51 (4538), 1 May 1898, p. 5–6. 77 Obad Šćitaroci; M. Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. mentioned work, 1998, p. 132–139.

192 193 closely connected to Hungary as possible. partly because these monks served in the Valpovo parish at the beginning War already started, so their realisation could not start. 92 It is not clear th 84 Rudolf Normann was also very close with the most famous unionist ban, of the 18 century, and also probably because the palace of the family whether it was supposed to replace the existing chapel of St Roch or was it Dragutin Khuen-Héderváry, which is also demonstrated by the fact that Hilleprand von Prandau was built right next to the Capuchin monastery supposed to be built in another location. the Ban was his son’s godfather. 78 It is interesting that despite that Rudolf in the very centre of Gornji grad. !erefore, it is not surprising that in also remained very close with his great opponent Bishop Strossmayer, who 1857, Gustav Prandau, along with the members of the families Pejačević Conclusion 79 and Adamović, built a new neo-Gothic choir in the church, 85 and then, o"en visited him in Valpovo. !e end of the First World War also signi‚ed the end of the major in 1872, donated an organ to the church, the work of the master from construction projects at the Valpovo Estate. Even though the estate Osijek, Lorenz Fabing. 86 Furthermore, the Normann family was also Church Architecture in the Valpovo Estate in the Second Half increased its size again in 1919, a"er Rudolf Normann bought the Bizovac th th actively involved in the construction of the new Gornji grad parish church of the 19 and the Beginning of the 20 Century Estate from his brother Gustav, the economic situation of this sizeable of St Peter and Paul, for which they donated three ‚gurative stained glass A"er feudalism was abolished, the intensive construction activities of the estate deteriorated dramatically in the following several years. A"er the windows in the sanctuary. 87 Valpovo Estate in the area of church architecture stopped. !e number land reform was completed in 1934, the estate lost another part of its th of new religious buildings a"er 1850, when compared to the situation in !e second half of the 19 century is the time when the estate built or land, and a"er that it was exclusively in the business of selling wood. It the ‚rst half of the 19 th century, was drastically reduced. However, Gustav restored a number of chapels. In Valpovo, Gustav Prandau thoroughly completely disappeared a"er the communists came into power in 1945. 93 restored the family tomb-chapel of St Roch in 1860, which was built by his Prandau and Rudolf Normann continued helping in the construction and !e period immediately a"er the First World War was marked by the father Josef Ignaz in 1796 as a votive building, because the area was spared furnishing of churches and chapels. gradual destruction of existing architectural heritage of the estate – in from the plague which broke out in Syrmia. 88 He added a crypt to it and !e example of the church in Šag, constructed in 1852, clearly shows 1919 the castles in Bizovac and Jelengrad were looted, and more and more partially modi‚ed its facades in the round arch style ( Rundbogenstil ). Also, that even a"er the revolutionary turmoil of 1848/1849, the Baroque- buildings on the estate were falling into disrepair. !e process culminated in 1880, a picturesque neo-Gothic chapel of the Feast of the Cross was Neoclassical patterns remained present in the religious architecture of a"er 1945, when the castle and the entire estate in Valpovo became built at the local cemetery, equipped with an altarpiece by the renowned the estate. It appears that the older church in Veliškovci, built in 1854, 80 ownership of the state and when a part of the inventory of this spacious Hungarian painter Károly Jakobey. 89 had similar style features, and it is signi‚cant that the design for the new residence of nobility was destroyed, partly due to vandalism and partly church in the same village from 1875 81 retained many elements that link A"er the grandson of Baron Gustav Prandau, Count Rudolf Normann, due to the low quality of the interventions that were implemented. 94 90 it to Baroque Neoclassicism (organisation of space, appearance of the bought the Podgorač Estate in 1903, at the highest point of the Podgorač tower). Only the shape of the tall arched windows indicates the in$uence cemetery he built a Neoclassical chapel made of high-quality marble of the Romanticist Rundbogenstil . !e same could be said for the parish and granite for Pavle Pejačević, the last count of Podgorač, and his wife, church in Josipovac, built in 1881 thanks to the large gi" by Gustav Rudolf’s aunt Alvina, nee Hilleprand von Prandau. It was built in 1909, Prandau in the amount of 6,350 forints. 82 under the supervision of the builder from Osijek, Paul Wranka, by the Viennese master Eduard Hauser, who had a branch o#ce of his company Along with the church in Josipovac, the only larger parish church that the in Osijek. 91 It is interesting to mention that a tomb with almost the same estate helped build during that period is the new church in Veliškovci, appearance can be found in Vienna (and it was also made by the company which is also the most interesting because of architectural design. It was Hauser), at the cemetery in Hietzing, right next to Schönbrunn, which built in 1901/1902 at the signi‚cant expense of 60,000 kronen, according was built by the Weiler family. to the design by Josip Vancaš 83 and it is the most signi‚cant example of Historicism in the church architecture of the estate. !e single-nave, !e second tomb-chapel that Rudolf Normann intended to build, which single-tower structure has been built in the neo-Renaissance style, which is also the most ambitious religious project from the time he was the was utilised the most by Vancaš for the design of his religious structures administrator of the estate, the new family tomb in Valpovo, remained at the time, and it is exceptionally reminiscent of the project that was unrealised. Its design has been entrusted to the already mentioned realised somewhat later (1909), of the parish church in Bosanski Brod, by favourite architect of the Slavonian landowners, István Möller, who the same architect. designed the neo-Renaissance building with a $oor plan reminiscent of a Greek cross, and its transverse beams were transformed into a sanctuary, !e Prandau family, then the Normann family, also donated to churches or an apse. Above the central space of the chapel there would have been outside of the territory of the estate, primarily in the Gornji grad in a tall dome with a roof lantern. !e designs for the chapel were dated 26 Osijek. !ey were very closely connected with the Capuchins in Osijek, September 1914, so they were made at the time when the First World

78 Ban kao kum, Narodne novine, no. 110, 15 May 1894, p. 3. 79 Bischof Strossmayer, Die Drau, no. 101 (4591), 25 August 1898, p. 3. 80 Danhelovsky, A. mentioned work, 1885, p. 33. 81 HR-DAOS-476. Zbirka projekata. 82 Großartige Spende, Agramer Zeitung, no. 79, 7 April 1881, p. 2; Velikodušan dar preuzvišenoga gosp. baruna Prandaua, Narodne novine, no. 78, 6 April 1881, p. 2. 83 Valpo (Slavonien); Bau einer neuen Kirche. Der Bautechniker 37 (13 September 1901), p. 856; Blagoslov župne crkve u Veliškovcima. Vjesnik Županije virovitičke 21 (1/11/1902), p. 191. 84 Kuhač, F. K. mentioned work, 1876, p. 9. 85 Kada i kako su kapucini došli u Osijek, Hrvatski list, no. 27 (2781), 27 January 1929, p. 11. 86 Dank-und Freuden-Ruf aus Essek!, Die Drau, no. 15, 22 February 1872, p. 3. 92 Muzej Slavonije, Povijesna zbirka, inv. br. 377–387. 87 Živaković Kerže, Z.; Jarm, A. Župna crkva sv. Petra i Pavla u Osijeku. Osijek, 1995, p. 54. 93 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 100–107. 88 According to the memorial inscription in Croatian at the façade of the chapel. 94 Research for this paper was co-financed by the Croatian Science Foundation through the project no. 4153, Croatia and Central Europe: Art and Politics in the Late Modern Period (1780 – 1945) and the University of Zagreb 89 Documents on the furnishing of the chapel in: HR-DAOS-476, kut. br. 1690., Bauamt, 1878. – 1880. with its support Hrvatska likovna baština od baroka do postmoderne – umjetničke veze, import umjetnina, zbirke. 90 Karaman, I. mentioned work, 1962, p. 95. 91 Damjanović, D. Grobna kapela grofa Pavla Pejačevića u Podgoraču. Našički zbornik 7(2002.), p. 221–229.

194 195