DOCSLIB.ORG

3 Imaging Techniques

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3 Imaging Techniques Imaging Techniques 31 3 Imaging Techniques Robert Hermans, Frederik De Keyzer, and Vincent Vandecaveye CONTENTS neck cancer patient, and to provide general rules for their use. Specialized imaging applications are de- 31 3.1 Introduction scribed in the following chapters where appropriate. 3.2 Plain Radiography 31 3.3 Ultrasonography 31 3.4 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 32 3.4.1 Computed Tomography 32 3.2 3.4.1.1 Patient Positioning 32 Plain Radiography 3.4.1.2 Contrast Agent Injection 33 3.4.1.3 Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction 35 3.4.1.4 Dynamic Maneuvers 36 In the past, a variety of conventional methods were 3.4.1.5 Three-Dimensional Image Reformatting 37 applied to stage head and neck cancer, including soft 3.4.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 38 tissue views of the neck, plain fi lms of the facial skel- 39 3.4.2.1 Patient Positioning eton, xeroradiography, plain fi lm tomography, laryn- 3.4.2.2 Coils 39 3.4.2.3 Standard Sequences 39 gography and barium swallow. The value of these 3.4.2.4 Contrast Agents 40 studies to stage head and neck cancer is very limited; 3.4.2.5 Additional MRI Techniques 40 these techniques are now replaced by cross-section- 3.5 Nuclear Imaging 42 ing imaging modalities. 42 References Plain radiography is still widely used in radio- therapy planning (see Chap. 18). Barium swallow remains an indispensable method in the early phase 3.1 after pharyngeal surgery, to rule out or confi rm the Introduction presence of fi stulae. This technique is also essential in the evaluation of functional disorders (such as bolus Various imaging techniques are used in the evaluation retention, delayed passage and aspiration) after sur- of patients with head and neck cancer, before, during gery or radiotherapy. and after treatment. Each of these imaging techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages. Many head and neck neoplasms arise from the mu- cosal lining; when a patient is referred for imaging, the 3.3 histological diagnosis often was already established Ultrasonography by endoscopic biopsy. Therefore, imaging should pri- marily supply information on the submucosal exten- Ultrasonography is a widely used technique for the sion depth of the primary tumor, including its relation evaluation of the thyroid gland (see Chap. 14), neck to surrounding structures, as well as on the presence lymph nodes (see Chap. 15) and salivary glands, as of regional and/or distant metastasis. it offers visualization of these structures with high The purpose of this chapter is to describe the vari- spatial resolution, at a low cost and without using ous techniques available for imaging the head and ionizing radiation. Ultrasonography in combination with fi ne nee- R. Hermans, MD, PhD dle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most accurate Professor, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals method for neck nodal staging in most head and Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium an den Brekel F. De Keyzer, MSc; V. Vandecaveye, MD neck cancers (v et al. 1991). However, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, execution of this procedure is time consuming, and Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium the obtained results are operator dependent (Takes 32 R. Hermans et al. et al. 1996). Also, in a multicenter study where both making the technique sensible to motion artifacts computed tomography and ultrasound of the neck which cause a non-diagnostic study (Fig. 3.3). It is were applied for staging of head and neck cancer, the also somewhat more diffi cult with MRI to properly addition of ultrasound guided FNAC did not provide stage both primary tumor and neck nodal disease in signifi cant additional value (Takes et al. 1998). a single study. The lower availability of MRI, resulting in a longer waiting list, and its higher cost should also be taken into consideration. In many institutions, CT is the preferred imaging 3.4 method for evaluation of laryngeal and hypopha- Computed Tomography and Magnetic ryngeal cancer, as well as of oral cavity and oropha- Resonance Imaging ryngeal cancer. These cancer sites constitute about 80%–85% of all head and neck malignancies (exclud- Nowadays, in most patients computed tomography ing skin cancer and lymphoma) in Europe and the (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is per- USA. In most cases, a dedicated CT study will provide formed for pretherapeutic staging of a head and neck all answers needed by the clinician; in such a setting, malignancy. Both techniques can supply the informa- MRI is used as a complementary tool to solve remain- tion needed by the clinician for adequate treatment ing questions. planning. Because of its higher contrast resolution, MRI is A common question is which of these techniques the preferred imaging method in rarer head and neck should be used in a particular patient. The most malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal cancer and si- widely used technique is CT, as it has a number of nonasal cancer. There is no consensus regarding the important advantages over MRI: use of CT or MRI as primary imaging tool in salivary • Wide availability gland cancer, although there is a tendency among • Relative low cost head and neck radiologists to choose MRI. • Easy to execute, and this in a reproducible way • Short examination time, resulting in less image quality degradation caused by motion, such as 3.4.1 swallowing and respiration Computed Tomography • Superior bone detail • High quality multiplanar imaging on multidetec- CT can be regarded as the ‘workhorse’ of head and tor CT systems neck cancer imaging. It is not possible to defi ne the • Easy extension of the study into the upper tho- ideal imaging protocol, as available equipment varies. racic cavity or intracranial cavity, if needed The minimal requirements for an optimal diagnostic • Easier interpretation, especially regarding nodal study will be outlined. involvement (Curtin et al. 1998) 3.4.1.1 However, CT also has a number of disadvantages Patient Positioning compared to MRI: • Relative low soft tissue contrast resolution The images are obtained with the patient supine and • Administration of iodinated contrast agent is nec- during quiet respiration. The neck should be in slight essary extension. The head is aligned in the cephalocaudal • Severe image quality degradation by dental fi llings axis in order to make it possible to compare symmet- or other metallic foreign objects (Fig. 3.1) ric structures. Malposition may result in an appear- • Radiation exposure ance that simulates disease. Every effort should be made to make the patient feel comfortable; this will The advantages of MRI over CT in the evaluation help the patient dropping the shoulders to a position of head and neck cancer are its superior soft tissue as low as possible. contrast resolution, and the absence of radiation ex- This patient-friendly position is applicable for posure. Overall, the image quality is not or less ham- all indications if multidetector spiral CT (MDCT) pered by the presence of dental fi llings than in CT, is used, as this modality allows retrospective high but also MRI studies may be severely jeopardized quality reformatting in every spatial plane. In case by metallic implants (Fig. 3.2). The disadvantages of an incremental or single spiral CT technique has to MRI are mainly related to the long acquisition time, be used, additional direct coronal imaging is needed Imaging Techniques 33 a b Fig. 3.1a,b. Patient suffering left-sided oral tongue cancer. a Axial contrast-enhanced CT image. As the image quality is severely ham- pered by artifacts arising from dental fi llings, the primary tumor is not visible. A complementary MR study was advised. b Gadolinium- enhanced T1-weighted image, not affected by presence of dental fi llings, clearly shows the primary tumor (arrowhead) a b Fig. 3.2a,b. Patient referred for MR study of the maxillofacial region and skull base because of unilateral facial pain. a Initial MR study was inconclusive, as artifacts caused by fi xed orthodontic material severely degrade image quality. b After removal of the orthodontic material by the dentist, optimal image quality was achieved in the evaluation of sinonasal and skull base neo- 3.4.1.2 plasms. This can be realized by hyperextension of Contrast Agent Injection the neck, either in supine or prone position, and tilting the gantry to a position perpendicular to the While evaluating a patient suffering head and neck hard palate. cancer, a proper injection method of iodinated con- 34 R. Hermans et al. a b Fig. 3.3a–c. Patient suffering tongue base cancer. a,b Axial and sagittal reformatted contrast-enhanced MDCT images clearly show tumor extent into tongue base and involvement of free epiglottic rim (arrowheads), as well as the relationship of the tumor to the pre-epiglottic space (asterisk). c For study pur- poses, an MR study was performed in this patient 1 day later. Because of motion artifacts, the tumor is not confi dently dis- c cernible. This MR study was considered non-diagnostic trast agent is crucial to obtain state of the art CT im- A total amount of 100 ml is suffi cient in MDCT; a ages. Optimal tissue enhancement, allowing correct somewhat higher volume (up to 150 ml) may be re- discrimination of tumoral from normal tissue, and quired when an incremental or single slice spiral CT a high neck vessel density must be realized at the technique is used. same time. Several contrast agent injection proto- It is essential to wait 60 s before starting the ac- cols have been described, some of them being fairly quisition, as the contrast agents needs some time to complicated. For all practical purposes, a single bolus diffuse in the normal and pathologic soft tissues.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2. Screening Techniques
    2. SCREENING TECHNIQUES 2.1 X-ray techniques the contrast and the spatial resolution are poor, making detection of small lesions difficult. The The original technique for mammography mammogram in Fig. 2.1b, from the same era, is of was introduced by Salomon in Germany in 1913, much higher quality and illustrates a cancer seen 18 years after the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen on the basis of an irregularly shaped mass (black (Salomon, 1913). A mammogram is formed by arrow). Fig. 2.1c shows a digital mammogram, recording the two-dimensional (2D) pattern of illustrating the enormous improvement that X-rays transmitted through the volume of the has occurred in both technology and technique. breast onto an image receptor. Breast cancer is Breast positioning, penetration of the tissue, and detected radiographically on the basis of four contrast are excellent, allowing visualization of major signs: a mass density with specific shape a small area of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and border characteristics, microcalcifications, seen on the basis of microcalcifications, and, architectural distortions, and asymmetries more importantly, providing the opportunity to between the radiological appearance of the left detect an immediately adjacent high-grade inva- and right breast (Kopans, 2006). These signs sive cancer 1.7 mm in diameter. are often very subtle, and in order for them to Excellent image quality is an essential compo- be detected accurately and when the cancer is at nent but not, on its own, a sufficient component the smallest detectable size, the technical image to ensure a high level of accuracy in cancer detec- quality of the mammograms must be excellent tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiation Protection Guidance for Diagnostic X Rays
    Disclaimer - For assistance accessing this document or additional information, please contact [email protected]. EPA 520/4-76-019 FEDERAL GUIDANCE REPORT NO. 9 RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDANCE FOR DIAGNOSTIC X RAYS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON MEDICAL RADIATION FEDERAL GUIDANCE REPORT NO. 9 RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDANCE FOR DIAGNOSTIC X RAYS Interagency Working Group on Medical Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 October 1976 PREFACE The authority of the Federal Radiation Council to provide radiation protection guidance was transferred to the Environmental Protection Agency on December 2, 1970, by Reorganization Plan No. 3. Prior to this transfer, the Federal Radiation Council developed reports which provided the basis for guidance recommended to the President for use by Federal agencies in developing standards for a wide range of radiation exposure circumstances. This report, which was prepared in cooperation with an Interagency Working Group on Medical Radiation formed on July 5, 1974, constitutes a similar objective to provide the basis for recommendations to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure due to medical uses of diagnostic x rays. The Interagency Working Group developed its recommendations with the help of two subcommittees. The Subcommittee on Prescription of Exposure to X rays examined factors to eliminate clinically unproductive examinations and the Subcommittee on Technic of Exposure Prevention examined factors to assure the use of optimal technic in performing x-ray examinations. Both subcommittees also considered the importance of appropriate and properly functioning equipment in producing radiographs of the required diagnostic quality with minimal exposure. Reports by these subcommittees were made available for public comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Amorphous Lead Oxide (A-Pbo): Suppression of Signal Lag Via Engineering of the Layer Structure Received: 12 June 2017 O
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO): suppression of signal lag via engineering of the layer structure Received: 12 June 2017 O. Semeniuk1,2, O. Grynko1,2, G. Juska3 & A. Reznik2,4 Accepted: 25 September 2017 Presence of a signal lag is a bottle neck of performance for many non-crystalline materials, considered Published: xx xx xxxx for dynamic radiation sensing. Due to inadequate lag-related temporal performance, polycrystalline layers of CdZnTe, PbI2, HgI2 and PbO are not practically utilized, despite their superior X-ray sensitivity and low production cost (even for large area detectors). In the current manuscript, we show that a technological step to replace nonhomogeneous disorder in polycrystalline PbO with homogeneous amorphous PbO structure suppresses signal lag and improves time response to X-ray irradiation. In addition, the newly developed amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO) possesses superior X-ray sensitivity in terms of electron-hole pair creation energy W± in comparison with amorphous selenium – currently the only photoconductor used as an X-ray-to-charge transducer in the state-of-the-art direct conversion X-ray medical imaging systems. The proposed advances of the deposition process are low cost, easy to implement and with certain customization might potentially be applied to other materials, thus paving the way to their wide-range commercial use. Amorphous and polycrystalline modifcations of wide band gap semiconductors are of paramount importance in modern electronics, since they allow large device area production at low cost. However, the transition from crystalline to non-crystalline materials is technologically challenging since structural disorder may lead to degra- dation of the material performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiographic Diagnostic Aids: a Review © 2019 IJADS Received: 01-02-2019 Dr
    International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2019; 5(2): 271-276 ISSN Print: 2394-7489 ISSN Online: 2394-7497 IJADS 2019; 5(2): 271-276 Radiographic diagnostic Aids: A review © 2019 IJADS www.oraljournal.com Received: 01-02-2019 Dr. Panna Mangat, Dr. Anil K Tomer, Dr. Afnan Ajaz Raina, Dr. Faizan Accepted: 03-03-2019 Bin Ayub, Dr. Akankshita Behera, Dr. Nitish Mittal, Dr. Megna Bhatt Dr. Panna Mangat Professor, Department of Conservative and Dr. Ayush Tyagi Dentistry & Endodontics D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, Abstract India Presently diagnosis has shown a major growth in the field of Endodontics. Newer technologies have evolved in a way that human elements are being enriched in a much better way to ensure proper and Dr. Anil K Tomer Professor and Head, Department of correct diagnosis. Therefore, for a successful diagnostician, a necessity arises to keep abreast of all the Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics new methods for correct diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this review therefore is to assess the D.J. College of Dental Sciences and usefulness of some radiographic diagnostic aids and techniques used in endodontic therapy to make the Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar correct pulpal diagnosis. Pradesh, India Dr. Afnan Ajaz Raina Keywords: Radiographic diagnostic, aids, endodontics Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Introduction Research, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Diagnosis is arguably the most critical component of all dental treatment, and Endodontics is no exception. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary describes clinical diagnosis as ‘‘the Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Working Group on Digital Mammography: Digital Displays and Workstation Design
    Report of the Working Group on Digital Mammography: Digital Displays and Workstation Design March 9-10, 1998 Washington, DC Sponsored by Public Health Service’s Office on Women’s Health and National Cancer Institute Editors Faina Shtern, M.D. Daniel Winfield, M.S. USPHS—Office on Women’s Health Research Triangle Institute Contributors Fred Behlen, Ph.D. Elizabeth A. Krupinski, Ph.D. University of Chicago University of Arizona Hartwig Blume, Ph.D. Harold Kundel, M.D. Phillips Medical Systems University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Michael J. Flynn, Ph.D. Hans Roehrig, Ph.D. Henry Ford Health System University of Arizona Bradley Hemminger, Ph.D. Peter E. Shile, M.D. University of North Carolina Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology H. K. Huang, D.Sc. Edward Sickles, M.D. University of California at San Francisco University of California at San Francisco Martin Yaffe, Ph.D., M.Sc. University of Toronto Acknowledgments Daniel Sullivan, M.D. Wanda K. Jones, Dr.P.H. Robert E. Wittes, M.D. National Cancer Institute USPHS—Office on Women’s Health National Cancer Institute Contents Speakers and Panelists........................................................................................................................................................ii Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................................1 Goals of the Joint PHS OWH/NCI Working Group..........................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Diffraction-Enhanced X-Ray Imaging of in Vitro Breast Tumours
    UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI REPORT SERIES IN PHYSICS HU-P-D113 DIFFRACTION-ENHANCED X-RAY IMAGING OF IN VITRO BREAST TUMOURS Jani Keyriläinen Division of X-ray Physics Department of Physical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Department of Oncology Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Science of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in Auditorium D101 of the Department of Physical Sciences (Physicum), Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, on October 29th, 2004, at 12 o’clock noon. Helsinki 2004 ISSN 0356-0961 ISBN 952-10-1655-8 ISBN 952-10-1656-6 (pdf-version) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/ Helsinki 2004 Yliopistopaino PREFACE This thesis is based on research done at the Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki (HU, Finland), at the Medical Beamline ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France), and at the departments of Oncology, Pathology and Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH, Finland), all of which are acknowledged. I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Juhani Keinonen, Ph.D., Head of the Department of Physical Sciences, and to Professor Seppo Manninen, Ph.D., former Head of the Division of X-ray Physics, for the opportunity to work at the Department. I also wish to thank Professor Heikki Joensuu, M.D., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Oncology, and William Thomlinson, Ph.D., former Beamline Responsible, ID17, for allowing me to use the outstanding working facilities of their institutions. I am most grateful to my supervisors, Professor Pekka Suortti, Ph.D., Department of Physical Sciences, and Docent Mikko Tenhunen, Ph.D., Chief Physicist of the Department of Oncology, for proposing to me the topic of this study and guiding me throughout this research work.
    [Show full text]
  • Xeroradiography – Review Article Dr
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 5, 2020 Xeroradiography – Review Article Dr. R. Sankarnarayanan1, Dr. J. Amritha2 1. Reader, Dept. of Oral medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai. 2. Undergraduate Student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai. Mail id: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Xeroradiography is a highly accurate electrostatic imaging technique. In this technique a conventional single‐phase dental x‐ray unit is used as an x‐ray source, but instead of a silver‐halide film image, a uniformly charged selenium alloy plate housed in a light‐proof cassette is used. It is used for detecting carious lesions, calculus deposits, periodontal disease and interpreting periapical structures. Keywords: Oral Medicine, Xeroradiography, Selenium. INTRODUCTION: Xeroradiography is the production of a visible image utilising the charged surface of a photoconductor (amorphous selenium) as the detecting medium, partially dissipating the charge by exposure to x-ray to form a latent image and making the latent image visible by xerographic processing. [1][2]. Xeroradiography which is a method of imaging uses the xeroradiographic copying process to record images produced by diagnostic x-rays.[1] It differs from halide film technique in that it involves neither wet chemical processing nor the use of dark room.[1] There are several features of xeroradiography that makes it as attractive imaging system in specific diagnostic situations, like: 1. Pronounced edge enhancement. 2. High contrast. 3. A choice of positive and negative displays. 4. Good detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiation Doses Radiation Technology Have Represented Sig- Received by Patients and the Associated Nificant Gains in the Prognosis for Early Dis- Health Risks
    Forty-Third Annual Meeting Program Advances in Radiation Protection in Medicine April 16-17, 2007 Crystal Forum Crystal City Marriott 1999 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, Virginia Co-sponsors American College of Radiology Reston, Virginia Xoran Technologies Ann Arbor, Michigan Introduction Advances in Radiation Protection in Medicine Forty-Third Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) During the past two decades remarkable increased the radiation exposure of both progress has been made in the development patients and medical practitioners. Special and application of new medical technologies concerns have been raised regarding use of that utilize radiation for the early detection the newer radiation modalities in pediatric and effective treatment of cancer and other radiology and in imaging and radiotherapy diseases. These advances, however, are procedures with pregnant women. accompanied by many questions about how NCRP’s 2007 Annual Meeting features to maximize medical benefits to patients, presentations by physicians, medical physi- while controlling and reducing their risks cists, and experts in radiation health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. These who will discuss the rapid growth in use of issues are the theme of the 2007 NCRP relatively new medical radiation diagnostic Annual Meeting. and therapeutic procedures, and the current Although the many advances in medical state of understanding of radiation doses radiation technology have represented sig- received by patients and the associated nificant gains in the prognosis for early dis- health risks. Topical areas of focus at the ease detection and therapy, there are issues meeting will include diagnostic radiology, regarding the safety of these new radiation nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, modalities that are of current interest and radiation oncology, and interdisciplinary concern to the medical community.
    [Show full text]
  • Products of Ambulatory Care 2004 Procedure Codes
    Products of Ambulatory Care 2004 Procedure Codes KeyTech CPT CPT Description AUD 92506 Evaluation of speech, language, voice, communication, auditory processing, and/or aural rehabilitation status AUD 92531 Spontaneous nystagmus, including gaze AUD 92532 Positional nystagmus test AUD 92533 Caloric vestibular test, each irrigation (binaural, bithermal stimulation constitutes four tests) AUD 92534 Optokinetic nystagmus test AUD 92543 Caloric vestibular test, each irrigation (binaural, bithermal stimulation constitutes four tests), with recording AUD 92546 Sinusoidal vertical axis rotational testing AUD 92548 Computerized dynamic posturography AUD 92551 Screening test, pure tone, air only AUD 92552 Pure tone audiometry (threshold); air only AUD 92553 Pure tone audiometry (threshold); air and bone AUD 92555 Speech audiometry threshold; AUD 92556 Speech audiometry threshold; with speech recognition AUD 92557 Comprehensive audiometry threshold evaluation and speech recognition (92553 and 92556 combined) AUD 92559 Audiometric testing of groups AUD 92560 Bekesy audiometry; screening AUD 92561 Bekesy audiometry; diagnostic AUD 92562 Loudness balance test, alternate binaural or monaural AUD 92563 Tone decay test AUD 92564 Short increment sensitivity index (SISI) AUD 92565 Stenger test, pure tone AUD 92567 Tympanometry (impedance testing) AUD 92568 Acoustic reflex testing AUD 92569 Acoustic reflex decay test AUD 92571 Filtered speech test AUD 92572 Staggered spondaic word test AUD 92573 Lombard test AUD 92575 Sensorineural acuity level test AUD
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Imaging Research Papers from BJR MAMMOMAT Revelation Inspect Integrated Specimen Scanner for Faster Biopsies
    BJR Breast Imaging Research papers from BJR MAMMOMAT Revelation InSpect integrated specimen scanner for faster biopsies InSpect technology works to improve biopsy workflows, shortening compression time whilst allowing samples to be checked directly at the system. • Additional specimen X-ray system is not needed saving you space and money • Get your specimens imaged in less than 20 seconds • Stay with your patient during the entire examination Available for Stereotactic Biopsy and 50° Wide-Angle Breast Biopsy on the MAMMOMAT Revelation. 50° Wide-Angle One-Click Biopsy Targeting Target accuracy of ± 1 mm Automatic movement to based on 50° wide-angle defined target tomosynthesis For further information contact [email protected] siemens-healthineers.co.uk/revelation Contents Advertorial Added value of contrast-enhanced mammography Mammography in snapshots: then and now in assessment of breast asymmetries Siemens Healthineers R Wessam, M M M Gomaa, M A Fouad, S M Mokhtar and Y M Tohamey Commentaries https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180245 How we provided appropriate breast imaging practices in the epicentre of the COVID-19 Conspicuity of suspicious breast lesions on outbreak in Italy contrast enhanced breast CT compared to digital F Pesapane, S Penco, A Rotili, L Nicosia, A breast tomosynthesis and mammography Bozzini, C Trentin, V Dominelli, F Priolo, M S Aminololama-Shakeri, C K. Abbey, J E López, A Farina, I Marinucci, S Meroni, F Abbate, L M Hernandez, P Gazi, J M Boone and K K Lindfors Meneghetti, A Latronico, M Pizzamiglio
    [Show full text]
  • Mammographic Breast Pattern in Postmenopausal Women in Ibadan
    MAMMOGRAPHIC BREAST PATTERN IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN IBADAN BY DR. Oku BASSEY. (MB BCh Cal.) DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL IBADAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE NATIONAL POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NIGERIA IN THE FACULTY OF RADIOLOGY MAY, 2012 i DECLARATION I Dr. Bassey, Oku Sunday declare that this study was done by me and has not been published before or submitted for publication. Sign.............................................. Date.............................................. ii ATTESTATION BY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT I declare that the contents of this dissertation titled: ‘Mammographic Breast Pattern in Postmenopausal Women in Ibadan’, was carried out in the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital Ibadan, and was supervised by me. This study was developed based on the need to know the mammographic breast patterns in post menopausal women and any association with parity, age and demographic features as these are vital for breast cancer risk, diagnosis and prognostication. PROF. M. O. OBAJIMI (FWACS, FMCR, MRD UK) HEAD DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY UCH, IBADAN. SIGN............................................ DATE............................................. SUPERVISOR PROF. M. O. OBAJIMI RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL (UCH) IBADAN SIGN...................................................... DATE................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My profound gratitude goes to God almighty who made it possible for me to start my residency training in UCH through Prof. Ayotunde Ogunseyinde, after all hope was lost. I also owe Prof. Millicent Obajimi, a depth of gratitude for being a mentor and a role model. I am indebted to Dr. Atinuke Agunloye who made my four years in UCH bearable and also for giving me her time and intellect freely. I appreciate Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation of Advanced Structural Ceramics
    ANL-87-52 hnoloqy • Materials ; i Mater.Ji - .niponenis T(H;.'niv).v>gy Division Matenr!f :^.nd Comoortcrtts n Materials and Components X-Ray Computed Tomography for Technology Division Materials and Components Nondestructive Evaluation of Technology Division Advanced Structural Ceramics Materials and Components Technology Division M^ inU Conipoiiedis lechnology Division by William A. Ellingson and Materials and Comp'^f^*»nts Michael W. Vannier Technology r i Materials and Components Technology r n Materials and Components Technology Division Materials and Components Technology Division Materia Components 1 ecnnology Division Materials and Components Technology Division j-Tf?f*ni Tf> r»"' Materials and Components RET • FILE Technology Division Materials and Components •,•> Technology Division Materials and Components Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 n operated by The University ot Chicago tor the United States Department ot Energy under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38 Materials and Components Technology D -. Materials and Componenis Technology Division Materials and Components Technology Division Materials and Components Technoloav Division Argonne National Laboratory, with facilities in the states of Illinois and Idaho, is owned by the United States govemment, and operated by The University of Chicago under the provisions of a contract with the Department of Energy. DISCLAIMER- This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Govemment. Neither the United States Govemment nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or pro­ cess disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
    [Show full text]