1 FOREWORD TO VOLUME ONE Volume I of the Management Plan presents current knowledge and data about Lore Lindu NP - as of 2001. Background information detailing the Park’s conservation values, history, climate, geology, river drainage and land systems has been compiled from discussions, literature searches and field visits. Major advances in Park data collection and storage have been made since 2000 in order to provide necessary information for the management plan. Surveys were undertaken on behalf of the Park Authority and these were co-ordinated by TNC. A variety of specialists were contracted to carry them out, wherever possible assisted by local NGOs. For the first time a reliable vegetation map now exists; developed from Landsat reflectance values and extensive ground truthing, it describes nine major vegetation types. Further sub-division of the Park into habitat types has been achieved by combining the vegetation map with RePPProT land systems. Faunal, demographic, hydrological, and megalith surveys have given much improved information on which to base management decisions. In order to handle all the data necessary for the management plan a Lore Lindu NP Geographic Information System was developed. This is now one of the best and, possibly, the most integrated national park GIS in current use in Indonesia. This powerful tool has allowed the production of a large variety of maps, including that of negative change analysis showing forest loss in and around the Park. It is hoped that future revisions of the management plan will be able to build on the data that is presented in this current document as there is still much that is unknown. Amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates, and non-vascular plants, hydrology and megaliths all need to be subjected to further, in-depth investigation. Draft Management Plan-Lore Lindu National Park Volume-I 2 PREFACE National park Planning must take into account the physical and biological nature of a conservation area, but more than this it must consider the socio-economic and political environment in which decisions are taken. The Lore Lindu Management Plan has made a big effort to do just this, incorporating ideas from many sources. The writing of a management plan is something of a balancing act in which national laws and regulations, conservation needs, the aspirations of local people and other stakeholders are all given necessary attention. The Lore Lindu Management Plan has been written at a time of great change and upheaval in Indonesia society. Gone are the rigid directives of central planning and in their place are the needs and aspirations of the Park’s diverse stakeholders. In writing of the management plan national guidelines were adhered to. This gave a basic structure to the document. Importantly, nothing was included in the management plan that was contrary to Indonesian law. This may appear an obvious point but national laws are being questioned as never before, and with them the right of the national park authority to implement conservation-related laws. Some groups are exerting pressure on park managers to allow activities that are counter to planning laws. A case in point is the pressure to allow commercial harvesting of wood and rattan in the traditional use zone of the Park. The plan resists the temptation to deem legal illegal activities that cannot at present be stopped. Instead a flexible approach has been sought that finds new ways to manage the Park which is inclusive of stakeholders. Fundamental to this was the establishment of an overall park philosophy. The plan for the first time presents a management philosophy for Lore Lindu NP. The plan has in its mission statement the guiding concept of collaborative management, which embraces the idea of people and park staff working together to bring about conservation. This is a new and exciting innovative approach, and one that has great relevance to many other national parks in Indonesia. Jakarta, DATE Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation Draft Management Plan-Lore Lindu National Park Volume-I 3 ADMINISTRATION The Management Plan compilation at national level came under the jurisdiction and guidance of the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation within the Indonesian Forestry Ministry. Financial Assistance was provided by USAID’s Natural Resources Management II Programme as part of its Building Conservation Capacity and Partnerships at Lore Lindu National Park (Grant No. 497-G-00- 99-00004-00). Technical services were provided by The Nature Conservancy - Indonesia Programme. Administratively, on a day-to-day level, the Plan was directed through the National Park Authority Balai Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. PLAN CO-ORDINATION Widodo S. Ramono : Director of Conservation areas within PHKA Ir. Banjar Yulianto Laban : Head of Lore Lindu National Park I Ketut Djati : USAID/NRM Project Officer Dr Darrell Kitchener : Director of TNC - IP Terrestrial Conservation Programmes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many agencies assisted in the writing of the Lore Lindu NP Management Plan. The National Park Authority played a central role and supported the project with advice, particularly that related to Plan structure and contents. The various NGOs subsumed within the Forum Kemitraan Lore Lindu provided many valuable suggestions. Thanks must also go to the other participants of the many management plan workshops for sharing their insights and concerns. The task of getting the Lore Lindu Management Plan written was given to Keith M Harris, who was appointed as the Park’s and Planning Advisor. He painstakingly oversaw the bringing together of the Plan’s component parts as well as writing many of the chapters. In doing this he liaised with Duncan Neville, the Lore Lindu Field Office programme manager. Warm appreciation must go to two TNC Jakarta-based staff for their co-ordinating roles. Firstly to Darrell Kitchener, for providing invaluable guidance and direction. He ensured that the Plan kept on course, gave in-depth advice and suggested improvements to the text. Secondly, Tiene Gunawan, who undertook the necessary organisation involved with getting the layout, translation and printing completed. Each of the four volumes that make up the Management plan are very distinct in content and thus required different expertise. Volume I. This was very factual. Dr Charles Cannon was the author of the vegetation chapter and Edward Pollard, Lore Lindu NP Science Advisor was the main author of the chapter on the Park’s fauna. Several specialists were also involved in the collection of field data: Wahyu Raharjaningtrah and Christian Memengko for that related to birds; Ibnu Marianto and Mohamed Yani for small mammals. James Burton lead the large mammals survey and was author of the anoa section; with Stefan Merker providing information on the tarsier. The Plan includes much new data that were based on recently conducted surveys. The NGOs Katupasa, Jambata and Kayu Riva merit special mention for undertaking surveys on megaliths, maleo and human population respectively. Draft Management Plan-Lore Lindu National Park Volume-I 4 Volume II. This book was mainly concerned with issues and strategies. Many senior planners gave important direction to this volume. In particular, Herri Djoko Susilo, Head of the Sub-directorate for protected area conservation, Agoes Sriyanto head PIKA (Pusat Informasi Konservasi Alam), Ir. M Z Hudiono, Head of BKSDA Sulawesi Tengah. Where applicable, information, modified from existing reports has been included. The rattan section is a précis of report by Stephen Siebert and the section on perennial cash crops was in part written by John Finisdore. Valuable insights concerning environmental education were contributed by Sugiyani and the rest of the Community Awareness team. Volume III This volume was concerned with Site Planning and was compiled from three sources: firstly, from the report of the Site Conservation team, including Ismet Khaeruddin, Daryatun, Zarlief and Effendi Kindangen; secondly, from the report of the Community Mapping team, including Marius Ladasi, Nurnaena Agus, Erson Robby Tungka and Tengko Wolok; and thirdly from the boundary condition surveys undertaken by Bahar Umar. Volume IV This book is a summary of the other three volumes. Much credit is owing to Lisa Owen as the main editor of this document. Technically, volume IV is not a legal requirement of Indonesian management planning but is considered a very important innovation as a means of conveying the main ideas of the Plan to local planners and communities around Lore Lindu NP. Particular mention must go to the TNC support team in Palu. Helmi played a co-ordination role between the TNC team and the National Park Authority. Pinkan was of great assistance in workshop preparation and Danny played an essential role in helping to direct and record workshop contents as well as undertaking much necessary translation. The Plan was very fortunate to be able to utilise the technical spatial planning abilities of Martin Hardiono and his protégée Bambang Yudha Setyo. The inclusion of the various maps in the Management Plan is due to their technical GIS skills and professional commitment. Draft Management Plan-Lore Lindu National Park Volume-I 87 9. FAUNA OF LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK 9.1 Introduction Sulawesi is well known as a biogeographical wonder. Its location, to the east of Wallace’s line but close to the Sunda plate, and its formation from several separate islands (see section 3.1), has resulted in a mix of Oriental and Australasian fauna. Additionally the long isolation of the island and its constituent parts has resulted in a higher rate of endemic taxa than any other Indonesian island. Most of these endemics are dependent on forest, often with an altitude related distribution. Although some groups, notably mammals and birds are better known than others, Lore Lindu NP with its wide range of vegetation types, is representative of the unique fauna of Sulawesi. 9.2 Biodiversity research in Lore Lindu National Park During 2000 and 2001 a series of intensive biodiversity surveys took place in the Park.