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Portland Stone: a Nomination for “Global Heritage Stone Resource” from the United Kingdom
221 by T. Hughes1 G.K. Lott2, M.J. Poultney3 and B.J. Cooper4 Portland Stone: A nomination for “Global Heritage Stone Resource” from the United Kingdom 1 Slate and Stone Consultants, Ceunant, Caenarfon, Gwynedd LL55 4SA, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 2 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Albion Stone plc, Robert Denholm House, Bletchingley Road, Nutfield, Surrey RH1 4HW, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Barbara Hardy Institute, School of Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Portland Stone, a well known ooidal limestone of Criteria for GHSR recognition Jurassic age from the United Kingdom is here nominated The defining characteristics of a GHSR are succinctly addressed as a suitable “Global Heritage Stone Resource”. in the HSTG “Terms of Reference” that have been approved, following Portland Stone is considered to ideally fit the newly wide consultation, by IUGS at its Executive Committee Meeting in proposed designation as it has been utilised since Roman San Sebastian, Spain in February 2012. times in England and since the Middle Ages in the An approved GHSR nominee must have a cultural history construction of major historic buildings including St encompassing a significant period. The HSTG Terms of Reference advise that this period must be at least 50 years. Also crucial is that a Pauls Cathedral, British Museum and Bank of England GHSR needs to have been utilised in significant works, be they in in London. It was also the preferred building stone of Sir buildings, sculpture or utilitarian applications. -
Perennial Lakes As an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin
geosciences Article Perennial Lakes as an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin Patrick R. Getty 1,*, Christopher Aucoin 2, Nathaniel Fox 3, Aaron Judge 4, Laurel Hardy 5 and Andrew M. Bush 1,6 1 Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, U-1045, Storrs, CT 06269, USA 2 Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology Physics Building, P.O. Box 210013, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; [email protected] 3 Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95340, USA; [email protected] 4 14 Carleton Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; [email protected] 5 1476 Poquonock Avenue, Windsor, CT 06095, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3403, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-413-348-6288 Academic Editors: Neil Donald Lewis Clark and Jesús Martínez Frías Received: 2 February 2017; Accepted: 14 March 2017; Published: 18 March 2017 Abstract: Eubrontes giganteus is a common ichnospecies of large dinosaur track in the Early Jurassic rocks of the Hartford and Deerfield basins in Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA. It has been proposed that the trackmaker was gregarious based on parallel trackways at a site in Massachusetts known as Dinosaur Footprint Reservation (DFR). The gregariousness hypothesis is not without its problems, however, since parallelism can be caused by barriers that direct animal travel. We tested the gregariousness hypothesis by examining the orientations of trackways at five sites representing permanent and ephemeral lacustrine environments. -
Weymouth to Portland Railway Walk Uneven Descent to Join the Disused Railway Line Below
This footpath takes you down a steep, Weymouth to Portland Railway Walk uneven descent to join the disused railway line below. This unique landscape As walked on BBC TV’s ‘Railway Walks’ with Julia Bradbury altered by landslips and quarrying is rich in line along dotted fold archaeology and wildlife. Keep a look out This leaflet provides a brief description of the route and main features of for the herd of feral British Primitive goats interest. The whole length is very rich in heritage, geology and wildlife and this View from the Coast Path the Coast from View which have been reintroduced to help is just a flavour of what can be seen on the way. We hope you enjoy the walk control scrub. To avoid the steep path you can continue along the Coast Path at the and that it leads you to explore and find out more. top with excellent views of the weares, railway and Purbeck coast. The 6 mile (approx.) walk can be divided into three sections, each one taking in On reaching the railway line turn right as left will take you very different landscapes and parts of disused railways along the way. to a Portland Port fence with no access. Follow the route along past Durdle Pier, an 18th century stone shipping quay START WEYMOUTH 1 The Rodwell Trail and along the shores of with an old hand winch Derrick Crane. Passing impressive Portland Harbour cliffs you will eventually join the Coast Path down to 2 The Merchants’ railway from Castletown Church Ope Cove where you can return to the main road or to Yeates Incline continue south. -
) Baieiicanjizseum
)SovitatesbAieiicanJizseum PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK 24, N.Y. NUMBER 1901 JULY 22, 1958 Coelurosaur Bone Casts from the Con- necticut Valley Triassic BY EDWIN HARRIS COLBERT1 AND DONALD BAIRD2 INTRODUCTION An additional record of a coelurosaurian dinosaur in the uppermost Triassic of the Connecticut River Valley is provided by a block of sandstone bearing the natural casts of a pubis, tibia, and ribs. This specimen, collected nearly a century ago but hitherto unstudied, was brought to light by the junior author among the collections (at present in dead storage) of the Boston Society of Natural History. We are much indebted to Mr. Bradford Washburn and Mr. Chan W. Wald- ron, Jr., of the Boston Museum of Science for their assistance in mak- ing this material available for study. The source and history of this block of stone are revealed in brief notices published at the time of its discovery. The Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History (vol. 10, p. 42) record that on June 1, 1864, Prof. William B. Rogers "presented an original cast in sand- stone of bones from the Mesozoic rocks of Middlebury, Ct. The stone was probably the same as that used in the construction of the Society's Museum; it was found at Newport among the stones used in the erec- tion of Fort Adams, and he owed his possession of it to the kindness of Capt. Cullum." S. H. Scudder, custodian of the museum, listed the 1 Curator of Fossil Reptiles and Amphibians, the American Museum of Natural History. -
Evidence Report 2014
(A Neighbourhood Plan for Portland, Dorset) Evidence Report April 2014 2 Portland Neighbourhood Plan Evidence Report Contents: Topic Sections: page: Introduction 3 Natural Environment & Built Environment 4 People & Housing 38 Business & Employment 60 Roads & Transport 90 Community & Social Facilities 102 Leisure & Recreation 118 Arts, Culture & Tourism 132 Appendix A 152 © Portland Town Council, 2014 Portland Neighbourhood Plan Evidence Report April 2014 3 Introduction Purpose Planning policy and proposals need to be based on a proper understanding of the place they relate to, if they are to be relevant, realistic and address local issues effectively. It is important that the Neighbourhood Plan is based on robust information and analysis of the local area; this is called the ‘evidence base’. Unless policy is based on firm evidence and proper community engagement, then it is more likely to reflect the assumptions and prejudices of those writing it than to reflect the needs of the wider area and community. We are advised that “the evidence base needs to be proportionate to the size of the neighbourhood area and scope and detail of the Neighbourhood Plan. Other factors such as the status of the current and emerging Local Plan policies will influence the depth and breadth of evidence needed. It is important to remember that the evidence base needs to reflect the fact that the plan being produced here will have statutory status and be used to decide planning applications in the neighbourhood area. It is necessary to develop a clear understanding of the neighbourhood area and policy issues covered; but not to review every piece of research and data in existence – careful selection is needed.”1 The evidence base for the Portland Neighbourhood plan comprises the many reports, documents and papers we have gathered (these are all listed in Appendix A, and are made available for reference via the Neighbourhood Plan website. -
THE MECHANISMS and CAUSES of PORTLAND LIMESTONE DECAY -A CASE STUDY DUFFY, A. P. SUMMARY This Paper Describes a Programme Of
135 THE MECHANISMS AND CAUSES OF PORTLAND LIMESTONE DECAY -A CASE STUDY DUFFY, A. P. Carrig Conservation Engineering Limited, Dublin, Ireland; PERRY, S. H. Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. SUMMARY This paper describes a programme of sampling and analysis of Portland limestone which was carried on a building at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland with a view to determining the causes of decay of the stone. Petrographic analysis and soluble salt examination of the samples were used to determine the most likely mechanisms of decay. The visual condition and surface environment of the stone in each sample area was noted and related to the mechanism of decay. Three possible mechanisms of Portland limestone decay are described and the practical implications of the findings are discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION The University of Dublin, Trinity College represents the finest single collection of Georgian buildings in Ireland. Although the university campus has undergone almost continuous development over a period of more than four centuries, its most important buildings date from a short period in the mid- 1Sth century, a period of great political and economic importance for Dublin. In common with the architectural style of many monumental buildings constructed in the city at that time, the facades of these buildings were constructed of Portland limestone imported from the south of England, and of Leinster granite, sourced in the Dublin mountains nearby. Portland stone was employed in areas of detailed and delicate carving, such as in the entablatures, columns and window architraves, whereas the more coarse grained granite was used in walling in the form of either flat or diamond-cut ashlar. -
This Walk Has Been Commissioned by Artangel As Part of A
Urban Geology in London No. 29 This walk has been commissioned by Artangel as part of a programme of events surrounding artist Katrina Palmer’s project on the Isle of Portland and on BBC Radio 4, End Matter. This takes place in April-May 2015. The walk took place on 30th May 2015. London does not have a good local building stone. The Roman and Medieval city was built of Kentish Ragstone and Reigate Stone. Later, the abundant clays and brickearths of the local geology were exploited and stock brick became the city’s main building material. Bath Stone was brought in for some structures. However monumental buildings befitting of a capital required something special, and Portland Stone from Dorset became popular in the early 17th Century and remains London’s iconic stone to this day. There are thousands of buildings in London built of Portland Stone and many others in the maJor cities of the British Isles. One may consider St Paul’s Cathedral, the maJority of the buildings on Whitehall including the Cenotaph and the Banqueting House, The Royal Naval College at Greenwich, The Bank of England, The British Museum, The National Gallery and indeed my home institution, University College London. The stone has also been exported world-wide, mainly to commonwealth countries and the USA. Here we may count amongst several Portland Stone structures the United Nations Building (1952) in New York City. Auckland’s War Memorial Museum in New Zealand probably represents the use of this material most distant from the source. Portland Stone is also the standard for the Commonwealth war grave memorials. -
Independent Quarry
Portland Sculpture and Quarry Trust – MIST Project Final Report 7.3 Key entrance and interpretative centre.......................................................32 List of contents 7.4 Amphitheatre/performance space...............................................................33 Executive summary............................................................................................ 3 7.5 Workshops/studio spaces ...........................................................................33 7.6 Landform .....................................................................................................34 Foreword from the Directors ............................................................................ 4 8 Education, interpretation and community after use............................. 36 1 Background ................................................................................................. 5 8.1 Introduction..................................................................................................36 1.1 Portland Sculpture and Quarry Trust............................................................5 8.2 Education programme.................................................................................36 1.2 Albion Stone Quarries Ltd.............................................................................5 8.3 Community-based work ..............................................................................37 1.3 Independent Quarry ......................................................................................6 -
Winchester Stone by Dr John Parker (PDF)
Winchester Stone by John Parker ©2016 Dr John Parker studied geology at Birmingham and Cambridge universities. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London. For over 30 years he worked as an exploration geologist for Shell around the world. He has lived in Winchester since 1987. On retirement he trained to be a Cathedral guide. The Building of Winchester Cathedral – model in the Musée de la Tapisserie, Bayeux 1 Contents Introduction page 3 Geological background 5 Summary of the stratigraphic succession 8 Building in Winchester Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods 11 Early medieval period (1066-1350) 12 Later medieval period (1350-1525) 18 16th to 18th century 23 19th to 21st century 24 Principal stone types 28 Chalk, clunch and flint 29 Oolite 30 Quarr 31 Caen 33 Purbeck 34 Beer 35 Upper Greensand 36 Portland 38 Other stones 40 Weldon 40 Chilmark 41 Doulting 41 French limestones 42 Coade Stone 42 Decorative stones, paving and monuments 43 Tournai Marble 43 Ledger stones and paving 44 Alabaster 45 Jerusalem stone 45 Choice of stone 46 Quarries 47 A personal postscript 48 Bibliography and References 50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Photographs and diagrams are by the author, unless otherwise indicated 2 Introduction Winchester lies in an area virtually devoid of building stone. The city is on the southern edge of the South Downs, a pronounced upland area extending from Salisbury Plain in the west to Beachy Head in the east (Figs. 1 & 2). The bedrock of the Downs is the Upper Cretaceous Chalk (Fig. 3), a soft friable limestone unsuited for major building work, despite forming impressive cliffs along the Sussex coast to the east of Brighton. -
An Inventory of Non-Avian Dinosaurs from National Park Service Areas
Lucas, S.G. and Sullivan, R.M., eds., 2018, Fossil Record 6. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 79. 703 AN INVENTORY OF NON-AVIAN DINOSAURS FROM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS JUSTIN S. TWEET1 and VINCENT L. SANTUCCI2 1National Park Service, 9149 79th Street S., Cottage Grove, MN 55016 -email: [email protected]; 2National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1849 “C” Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 -email: [email protected] Abstract—Dinosaurs have captured the interest and imagination of the general public, particularly children, around the world. Paleontological resource inventories within units of the National Park Service have revealed that body and trace fossils of non-avian dinosaurs have been documented in at least 21 National Park Service areas. In addition there are two historically associated occurrences, one equivocal occurrence, two NPS areas with dinosaur tracks in building stone, and one case where fossils have been found immediately outside of a monument’s boundaries. To date, body fossils of non- avian dinosaurs are documented at 14 NPS areas, may also be present at another, and are historically associated with two other parks. Dinosaur trace fossils have been documented at 17 NPS areas and are visible in building stone at two parks. Most records of NPS dinosaur fossils come from park units on the Colorado Plateau, where body fossils have been found in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks at many locations, and trace fossils are widely distributed in Upper Triassic and Jurassic rocks. Two NPS units are particularly noted for their dinosaur fossils: Dinosaur National Monument (Upper Triassic through Lower Cretaceous) and Big Bend National Park (Upper Cretaceous). -
137. Isle of Portland Area Profile: Supporting Documents
National Character 137. Isle of Portland Area profile: Supporting documents www.gov.uk/natural-england 1 National Character 137. Isle of Portland Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper,1 Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape North 3 North Convention, we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas East (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, Yorkshire making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform West their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a East landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage Midlands broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will West also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Midlands East of England Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each London area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental South East Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. South West The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. -
North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy
Bulletin No. 271 Series G, Miscellaneous, 29 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DiKECTOR BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR THE YE.AR 19O4 BY FIRED BOTJGKHITOIISr WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS, Page Letter of transmittal...................................................... 5 Introduction..................'........................................... 7 List of publications examined ............................................. 9 Bibliography..................................... ........................ 15 Classified key to the index................................................ 135 Index................................................................... 143 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, J). <7., June 7, 1905. SIR: I transmit here with the manuscript of a bibliography and index of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1904, and request that it be published as a bulletin of the Survey. Very respectfully, F. B. WEEKS. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR THE YEAR 1904. By FRED BOUGIITON WEEKS. INTRODUCTION. The arrangement of the material of the Bibliography and Index for 1903 is similar to that adopted for the preceding annual bibliographies. Bulletins Nos. 130, 135, 146,149, 156, 162, 172