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21 Lessons for the 21St Century Yuval Noah Harari 21 Lessons for the 21st Century Yuval Noah Harari Courtesy and © Marc Quinn studio Teacher Resource Pack KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Sapiens showed us where we came from. Homo Deus looked to the future. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century explores the present. HOW CAN WE PROTECT OURSELVES FROM NUCLEAR WAR, ECOLOGICAL CATACLYSMS AND TECHNOLOGICAL DISRUPTIONS? WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT THE EPIDEMIC OF FAKE NEWS OR THE THREAT OF TERRORISM? WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH OUR CHILDREN? Yuval Noah Harari takes us on a thrilling journey through today’s most urgent issues. The golden thread running through his exhilarating new book is the challenge of maintaining our collective and individual focus in the face of constant and disorienting change as Courtesy and © Marc Quinn studio well as information overload. Are we still capable of understanding the world we have created? Prof. Yuval Noah Harari has a PhD in History from the University of Oxford and now lectures at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, specialising in world history. His fi rst two books,Sapiens : A Brief History of Humankind and Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, have become global bestsellers, with more than 12 million copies sold, and translations in more than 45 languages. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 2 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Welcome to the KS5 teacher resource pack for 21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari. PURPOSE OF THE PACK These activities are designed to help KS5 students consider the swiftly changing nature of the UK’s job market, and to evaluate what skills and knowledge will best equip them for success in the future. The activities can be run as individual short sessions or as a single 60-minute careers-focused lesson, depending on your lesson structure, and should complement your school or college’s programme of integrated careers education and guidance. LEARNING OUTCOMES The learning outcomes for the activities in this pack have been identified based on the documents Careers guidance: Guidance for further education colleges and sixth form colleges (February 2018) and CDI Framework for careers, employability and enterprise education (March 2018) AREA OF LEARNING BE ABLE TO Self-awareness Assess how you are changing and be able to match your skills, interests and values to requirements and opportunities in learning and work. Exploring careers and career Reflect on changing career processes and development structures and their possible effects on your experience and management of your own career development. Investigating work and working life Discuss the personal, social, economic and environmental impacts of different kinds of work and working life in the context of your own thinking about career satisfaction. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 3 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Activity 1: Evergreen or out of date? INTRODUCTION The only thing that we can be completely sure of when considering the 21st century is change. This means that, in education or training, we are learning and developing skills that we hope will be relevant in the future – but are we learning the right things? THE ACTIVITY Look at the skill below, and arrange them into a diamond with the most useful at the top and the least useful at the bottom. Be prepared to explain your reasoning, including what current and future careers they might support. When deciding your order and reasoning, bear in mind: • Is it something that could be done • Is it linked more to creative accurately by a computer or robot, problem-solving, or a methodical without a human to oversee it? step-by-step process? • Is it linked to an industry or career • Could it be used in a range of in decline? jobs or situations? DEVELOPING LEARNING LEARNING TO WRITING REMEMBERING THE REUSABLE A FOREIGN DISTINGUISH COMPUTER LOCATIONS MATERIALS LANGUAGE MEDIA BIAS CODE OF COUNTRIES IDENTIFYING TREATING LEARNING UNDERSTANDING AUDIENCES MENTAL A MUSICAL HOW TO MANAGE FOR NEW ILLNESSES INSTRUMENT FINANCES PRODUCTS SUMMING UP What order did you decide on and why? How do these skills compare to what most young people in the UK are learning at school or in college? If you were to update our current curriculum what changes would you recommend in order to give today’s teenagers the best opportunities in the 21st century? 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 4 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Activity 2: Problems and solutions INTRODUCTION Recently, a section of Yuval Noah Harari’s new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, was published in Wired magazine, reproduced in this pack. In the extract, divided into three sections – 1. Change is the only constant 2. The heat is on 3. And hacking humans – Harari suggests that the best skill to teach young people is reinvention, and reveals what he believes 2050 has in store for humankind. Credit: Britt Spencer 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 5 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Activity 2: Problems and solutions THE ACTIVITY In a small group read through the section that you have been allocated. Either as a large poster, or on a slide, prepare a short presentation to answer these questions about your section: • What are Harari’s key arguments? • As a group, do you agree with the What potential problems does he problems Harari picks out and the identify, and what examples does he possible solutions that he presents? give to illustrate them? Why do you agree or disagree? • What solutions or advice does he • What real-life examples from your suggest to address these problems? experience can you give to support or disapprove Harari’s argument? Are there any additional solutions that you would suggest? When creating your presentation, make sure: • It will not take longer than five minutes to present to the other groups • Everyone in the group contributes in some way SUMMING UP Listen to each group’s presentation in turn. Which group do you feel presented the ideas from their section most clearly? Are there any issues around skills, learning and the changing job market of which you are now more aware? What questions do you still need to answer regarding your own skills and the UK job market? 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 6 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Yuval Noah Harari on what the year 2050 has in store for humankind PART ONE: CHANGE IS THE ONLY CONSTANT Humankind is facing unprecedented revolutions, women, life expectancy would still be about 40, all our old stories are crumbling and no new and the human body would be exactly the same. story has so far emerged to replace them. How Hence in 1018, poor Chinese parents taught can we prepare ourselves and our children for a their children how to plant rice or weave silk, world of such unprecedented transformations and wealthier parents taught their boys how to and radical uncertainties? A baby born today will read the Confucian classics, write calligraphy or be thirty-something in 2050. If all goes well, that fi ght on horseback – and taught their girls to be baby will still be around in 2100, and might even modest and obedient housewives. It was obvious be an active citizen of the 22nd century. What these skills would still be needed in 1050. should we teach that baby that will help him or In contrast, today we have no idea how China her survive and fl ourish in the world of 2050 or or the rest of the world will look in 2050. We of the 22nd century? What kind of skills will he don’t know what people will do for a living, or she need in order to get a job, understand we don’t know how armies or bureaucracies what is happening around them and navigate the will function, and we don’t know what gender maze of life? relations will be like. Some people will probably Unfortunately, since nobody knows how the live much longer than today, and the human world will look in 2050 – not to mention 2100 body itself might undergo an unprecedented – we don’t know the answer to these questions. revolution thanks to bioengineering and direct Of course, humans have never been able to brain-computer interfaces. Much of what kids predict the future with accuracy. But today it is learn today will likely be irrelevant by 2050. more diffi cult than ever before, because once technology enables us to engineer bodies, brains and minds, we can no longer be certain about anything – including things that previously seemed fi xed and eternal. A thousand years ago, in 1018, there were many things people didn’t know about the future, but they were nevertheless convinced that the basic features of human society were not going to change. If you lived in China in 1018, you knew that by 1050 the Song Empire might collapse, the Khitans might invade from the north, and plagues might kill millions. However, it was clear to you that even in 1050 most people would still work as farmers and weavers, rulers would still rely on humans to staff their armies and bureaucracies, men would still dominate Credit: Britt Spencer 21 Lessons for the 21st Century 7 Teacher Resource Pack | KS5 Careers Education and Guidance Yuval Noah Harari on what the year 2050 has in store for humankind PART ONE: CHANGE IS THE ONLY CONSTANT At present, too many schools focus on cramming to focus, and when politics or science look too information. In the past this made sense, because complicated it is tempting to switch to funny cat information was scarce, and even the slow trickle videos, celebrity gossip or porn.
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