MY

"MEA P ATRIA"

IB SO =^==^194D North Dakota State Library Bismarck, ND 58501

BY

RDBERT T. ARVIDSDN r\mepif.a

Samuel Francis Smith (1808-1895) My country 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing! Land where my fathers died; Land of the pilgrim's pride; From every mountain-side Let freedom ring!

My native country! thee, Land of the noble free, Thy name I love, I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills; My heart with rapture thrills, Like that above.

Let music swell the breeze, And ring from all the trees, Sweet freedom's song! Let mortal tongues awake, Let all that breathe partake, Let rocks their silence break— The sound prolong.

Our fathers' God to Thee, Author of liberty, To thee we sing! Long may our land be bright With freedom's holy light, Protect us by Thy might, Great God, our King. MY hATIVE LAMD [MEA PATRIA1

A STORY OF UXBRIDGE TOWNSHIP BARNES COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA with supplement

by ROBERT T. ARVIDSOM ft^JfrA*, %*<0-

Americo lirst

1880 1940

Assurance and hiealitij

North Dakota State Library Bismarck, ND 58501 America, I he Deaufitul

Katharine Lee Bates (1859-1929)

O beautiful for spacious skies, For amber waves of grain, For purple mountain majesties Above the fruited plain! O beautiful for pilgrim feet, Whose stern impassioned stress A thorough-fare for freedom beat Across the wilderness! O beautiful for heroes proved In liberating strife, Who more than self their country loved, And mercy more than life. O beautiful for patriot's dream That sees beyond the years Thine alabaster cities gleam Undimmed by human tears! America, America, God shed His grace on thee, And crown thy good with brotherhood, From sea to shining sea.

Copyright 1940 ROBERT T. ARVIDSON TTTST

ropwupil

Oliver Wendell Holmes was once asked when the education of a child should begin. "Two hundred fifty years before he is born," was the reply of that witty and kind philosopher and poet. Uxbridge township may well be proud of the fact that her foundations were laid by men and women whose lives and backgrounds were firmly rooted in the rudiments of true fortitude and stability. Yet, it is true that this township has passed through eras of darkness and eras of light.. Times have not always been hard nor have they always been prosperous. A people must learn to gird against adversity and to stand prosperity. Uxbridge township is a comparative example of this fact. History has revealed and exemplified again and again what happens to peoples and nations that allow wealth and pride to run their course. This probably may be best understood by quoting a few lines from Oliver Goldsmith's poem, The Deserted Village. "Ill fares the land, to hast­ ening ills a prey, where wealth accumulates, and men decay; princes and lords may flourish, or may fade: A breath can make them, as a breath has made: But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, when once destroyed, can never be supplied. A time there was, ere England's griefs began, when every rood of ground maintained its man; for him light labor spread her wholesome store, just gave what life required, but gave no more; his best companions, innocence and health; and his best riches, ignorance of wealth. But times are altered; trade's unfeeling train usurp the land, and dispossess the swain; along the lawn, where scattered hamlets rose, unwieldy wealth and cumbrous pomp repose; and every want to opulence allied, and every pang that folly pays to pride. Those gentle hours that plenty bade to bloom, those calm desires that asked but little room, those healthful sports that graced the peaceful scene, lived in each look, and brightened all the green: These, far departing, seek a kinder shore, and rural mirth and manners are no more." A spirit of adventure and service out of all proportion to any hope of personal gain must at times possess an individual. I have tried in this brief outline to give all their proper space, yet knowing that that could not be done, I have attempted to treat everyone with malice toward none and with kind consideration for all. In so brief a summary it is not possible to bring forth all that has happened throughout the past few decades. The unfolded Record of Time will paint and engrave the lasting memorial to the undaunted pioneers and builders of Uxbridge. At this time, I want to thank all that have contributed to this work, and as a bibliography would be too extensive, I want it here known that many have generously helped to make this outline possible.

R. T. ARVIDSON A Letter \ ome

James W. Foley (1874-1939) (North Dakota's Poet)

Like to come and see you, daddy, and perhaps I will some day; Like to come back East and visit; but I wouldn't care to stay. Glad you're doing well, and happy; glad you like your country best, But for me, I always hunger for the freedom of the West. There's a wholesomeness about it that I couldn't quite explain; Once you breathe this air you love it and you long for it again; There's a tie you can't dissever in the splendor of its sky— It's just home to you forever and I can't just tell you why. It's so big and broad and boundless and its heaven is so blue, And the mettle of its people always rings so clear and true; And its billowed acres quiver like the shudder of the sea And its waves roll, rich and golden, in upon the shore for me. Why, your farm and all the others that we used to think so fine Wouldn't—lump 'em all together—make a corner lot of mine; And your old red clover pasture, with its gate of fence rails barred, Why, it wouldn't make a grass plot in our district school house yard. Not a foot has touched its prairies but is longing to return, Not an eye has seen the sunset on its western heavens burn But looks back in hungry yearning, with the memory grown dim, And the zephyr of its prairies breathes the cadence of a hymn That is sweet and full of promise as the "Beulah Land" we knew When we used to sit together in the queer, old-fashioned pew, And at eventide the glory of the sun and sky and sod Bids me bare my head in homage and in gratitude to God. Yes I love you, Daddy, love you with a heart that's true as steel, But'there's something in Dakota, makes you live and breathe and feel; Makes you bigger, broader, better; makes you know the worth of toil; Makes you free as are her prairies and as noble as her soil; Makes you kingly as a man is; makes you manly as a king; And there's something in the grandeur of her season's sweep and swing That casts off the fretting fetters of your East and marks you blest With the vigor of the prairies—with the freedom of the West! Jmzdlcatlon

To my dear mother, who so patiently and tenderly cared for me; to my beloved father, whose untimely death made life a challenge to me; and, to the youth of America, I humbly dedicate this work. Anonymous

Unroll the map of the world. A gay riot of color tumbles down before our eyes. It is cool green, pink, yellow, and watery blue. Perched on top of the green, pink, and yellow patches, which are the continents and islands, most of us spend our entire lives. Like busy ants on pieces of bright linoleum, we crawl around on these patches, while the .water — the blue of the map — washes the edges. Often we think our dry domain is very large, but the blue areas of the map cover three-fourths of the earth's face. Between the continents where we live the water fills yawning valleys, some deep enough to swallow the highest mountains. Up the low edges of the land creeps the water, forming gulfs, bays, and inlets. Even on the high surface of the pink and green spots on which we pass our days, water collects in basins to form lakes. And over the rugged face of the land, water constantly runs. It flows in tiny brooks, great rivers, rushing cascades, and roaring falls, down the grooved cheeks of continents to fill again the broad seas. For ages man feared the moving wastes of water. Perhaps he thought that beneath the dark surface lurked evil spirits or strange monsters. But as his mind grew, his courage too in­ creased. Finally he learned to make a boat, and on Saturday afternoons perhaps he would take his family for a picnic up the river or along the sea. And then he ventured out of sight of land to fish, explore, make war, or seek a better home. \Pabilam

You ought to love your native land Uxbridqe Pioneers

JACOB KNECHT 1 listoricnl Keview 01 Uxbridqe I ownship

In opening this brief word in the great volumes of history, it is but fitting at this time to begin with a quotation taken from the drama, As You Like It, written by the great English dramatist, William Shakespeare: "All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts." This history is, as are all histories, a story of human life. The stage upon which this drama was acted is a thirty-six square mile township lying in the approximate northwest corner of the county of Barnes, state of North Dakota, and country of the United States of America. It is township 142 North, range 61 West of the 5th prime meridian. It lies in the east central part of North Dakota near the 98th degree of west longitude and the 47th degree of north latitude. The north township line is one mile south of Wimbledon and the east township line is one mile west of Leal. Uxbridge township is about thirty miles from Valley City, the county seat, and about twenty-five miles from Jamestown. Bismarck, the state capital, is about one hundred thirty miles and Fargo is about ninety miles from Uxbridge. Spiritwood Lake, one of the most beautiful lakes in North Dakota and the summer home of many of the governors of the state, lies seven miles west of the western boundary line of the township. Uxbridge township is voting precinct number seven, which is one of the first voting precincts in Barnes County. The School District is number forty-one. The altitude is about 1300 feet above sea level. It is about midway between the Sheyenne river on the east and the James river on the west. Like most of North Dakota, Uxbridge was once covered with Indian tepees and buffalo grass with not a tree or a large body of water in sight. Then later came the cowboy corrals and the covered wagons. In the spring of the year, pasque flowers would cover the land with a soft lavender bloom and here and there would be a prairie rose. Many flocks of wild geese could be seen feeding on the prairies among the flickertails. This was the home of the deer and the antelope, the buffalo and the coyote. The first white people, migrating chiefly from eastern Canada, Wis­ consin, Iowa and northwestern Europe, began to settle in the township about the close of the nineteenth century. The population gradually increased during the last decades of that century. The first settlers filing homesteads as early as 1880, found little here to welcome their future dreams but a rolling mass of grassroots buried in a deep, fertile bed of virgin soil. It was this soil and the sterling, energetic character of these pioneers that made Uxbridge township, in spite of recent financial and economic depressions, one of the leading communities in the entire state of North Dakota. The first homestead in Uxbridge township was filed on November 10, 1880, by Margreth Fried. This was the northwest quarter of section 34, Farm home of August Arvidson Farm and home of Russel Guscette

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Peter Rumer Farm and Home of Edwin Rumer

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Samuel Oglesby Farm and Home of George Stiies MY NATIVE LAND 11 later known as the old Henry Etter farm and now occupied by Edward Christ. The first tree claim entry in the township was filed on the same day, November 10, 1880, by Ulrich Fried. This was the southeast quarter of section 28. This quarter lies just east of the old G. R. Christ farm. By the way, Gustav Christ approved on this original file on July 29, 1896. The first homestead file mentioned above was approved on July 6, 1898, by Andreas Juon, who in that same year sold it to Henry Etter. Many eastern "money-men" came here and invested in Northern Pacific Land and homesteaded. This Northern Pacific Land sold for $1.25 an acre and homestead land was tax free until it was approved upon. The Uxbridge township lines were surveyed by G. G. Beardsley in July, 1875, just one hundred years after the famous midnight ride of Paul Revere. The sub-division lines were surveyed during the week of October 7th to 12th, 1878. The total number of acres being 22,925.06. Uxbridge was established November 20, 1883, with Joseph J. Bascom, postmaster. His homestead on the northwest quarter of section 14 was the post office. The office was moved to Leal on December 28, 1892, at the time Leal was established, when the Soo Line came through. POSTMASTER DATE APPOINTED Joseph J. Bascom November 20, 1883 (Established) The name of this office was changed to Leal, December 28, 1892 Joseph J. Bascom December 28, 1892 Frank P. Young March 30, 1896 Richard H. Arthur November 25, 1905 Harry C. Ritter (Acting) January 1, 1921 Harry C. Ritter May 10, 1921 George W. Butler (Acting) April 16, 1923 George W. Butler October 25, 1923 Uxbridge Township was organized in 1882, being one of the first townships in Barnes County to be organized. The school district was organized the same year, and became consolidated in 1909, the first in the county and one of the first in the state. Yet, Uxbridge and the state are comparatively young organizations. When North Dakota became a state in 1889, Virginia as a state was one hundred years old; Indiana seventy-three; Michigan fifty-two; Iowa forty-three; Wisconsin forty-one; Ohio eighty-six; California thirty-nine; Oregon thirty; Minnesota thirty-one; Kansas twenty-eight and Nebraska twenty-two. Though many of the settle­ ments are many generations older than we, it cannot be said that the youthfulness of our communities has prevented us from being one of the leaders in general progress and agricultural production. Uxbridge was named after Uxbridge, Canada, a small village lying about forty miles north of Toronto. The origin of the name is rather of 12 MY NATIVE LAND interest. Uxbridge, Canada, was named after Uxbridge, England, near London. This small English borough was first known as Oxbridge, because of a small cattle bridge over a little stream near by. Then through common usage it became Uxbridge. There is also a town in Worcester county, Massachusetts, by the name of Uxbridge, situated on the Blackstone River, 19 miles southeast of Worcester. The town has several woolen mills and a population of about 7,000. It is about fifty miles west from Plymouth Rock, where the Mayflower landed on December 21, 1620, more than 300 years ago. It could not have been the similarity of the country that gave Uxbridge township its name. The early pioneers from Canada certainly came to a land of contrasts. Uxbridge, Canada, is situated near a large lake between Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. The country is heavily wooded and hilly. There are several valuable mines in the area and agricultural resources are great. Uxbridge township is unlike this in about every natural respect. The climate of Uxbridge is temperate, with an abundance of sunshine days. The average number of days of bright sunshine per year is 158; partly cloudy 108; and cloudy 99. This of course is due to our compar­ atively limited amount of rainfall. Most of our rainfall, however, comes during the growing season. The average rainfall from April to November is about 18 inches. Our growing season is about 135 days. The average mean temperature is 40 degrees above zero. The summer months average 70 degrees above and the winter months 10 degrees above. The highest temperature recorded about 124 degrees and the lowest —60 degrees. Only about forty days during the year is the temperature below zero and —40 degrees is very uncommon. Temperatures above 90 degrees are also very uncommon. South Dakota, Minnesota and Illinois all have a higher average rate of wind per hour than do we. Uxbridge township has very few natural springs, but the well water is far above the average in taste and quality. Uxbridge township has no bonded indebtedness and the School District is practically debt free. The School District, however, has a bonded in­ debtedness of about $3,000, which is taken care of by its Sinking and Interest Fund. Nearly every section line in the entire township is graded and graveled. The township has nine miles of railroad passing through it. The Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway, commonly called the Soo Line, was constructed across the northeast corner of Uxbridge township in 1892, and the Midland Continental Railway was constructed along the western border of the township in 1913. There are also nine miles of state highway constructed in the township. The Green Trail, later re­ constructed as State Highway Number 9, was built through the township in 1917. The township has eight miles of Rural Free Delivery, which covers the western half known as route number 2 out of Wimbledon. The Threshing Scene on the Samuel Oglesby Farm about 1895.

'Combines West" 1940's at work on the Durupt Brothers 4000-Aere Farm, 14 MY NATIVE LAND

Northwestern Bell Telephone Company has sixteen telephones in the township and every home has a radio. There is an automobile on every farm and nearly all farms have a truck and a tractor. Nearly one-half of the farmers own the land on which they are living. About 1920, nearly every farmer in the township owned his farm. There were very few renters or tenants at that time. The first mortgage foreclosure in the township was on the northeast quarter of section 20. Jacob Lefever, unmarried, was the mortgagee and John Dodd of Vermont was the mortgagor. The date of this foreclosure was March 11, 1885. There were several early fore­ closures. Then there were years in which a foreclosure was very uncommon, until about 1921. In the early days practically all entertainment was held in the homes. Most of the early funeral services were conducted at the home of the deceased. All the old pioneers were buried in Uxbridge township.. The cemetery was located on the northwest quarter of section 23. In 1898, with the coming of Leal, the bodies were all moved to the Leal cemetery. The school was located on the same quarter, just a few rods west of the cemetery. Church services were held in the homes from time to time. Reverend Peter Bauer of Medina preached at the Gustav R. Christ's and other homes. In the winter of 1908-09, Mrs. Anton Christ, before her marriage, was with the George B. Simpson family in charge of a Sunday School at the old Uxbridge school. A town was about to be built in the township at one time. The question of the location of a town in the vicinity took some time to solve. Yards were laid out on section 4 on what is now the "Ernie Acres Farm," owned by Alfred Ernie. The widening of the right-of-way may still be seen at that point. Blueprints carried the name, Hilltown. Then John H. Gibson offered right-of-way across his property, the southwest quarter of section 30 in Pierce township and the southeast quarter of section 25 in Courtenay township, Stutsman County. Stakes were driven designating the location there. A site was then considered on section 15 in Courtenay township and the former stakes were taken up. A defect in title there, however, brought the townsite locators back to the Gibson homestead on section 30. Thus Wimbledon and Leal became the towns adjacent to Uxbridge, 1892. Wimbledon was at first called Gibson. The town was finally named for Wimbledon, England, the tennisdom of the world. Leal derived its name from the Scotch word loyal. Uxbridge township has been rather fortunate in having few major unforeseen disasters. The tornado of May 16, 1916, and the influenza epidemic of the World War days caused much suffering and death. Late winter storms, such as the severe blizzards of May 11, 1905 and May 13, 1907, caused much alarm in the community. The worst winter appears to MY NATIVE LAND 1'5 have been that of 1896-97, due to the unsettled condition of the country. The winter of 1906-07 could hardly have been worse. Highways drifted and banked like railroad grades. The winter of 1886-87 was, too, one of the hardest on record. And the severe cold winter of 1935-36 shall be long remembered. The recent 1940 eight-inch snowfall of March 28, was by way of record, very unusual, following such a mild winter. In recent years, the severe droughts of 1934 and 1936, and the grasshopper scourge of 1938 caused untold injury to the farmers of the area. The country has also suffered from the financial and economic panics of 1893, 1907, 1921 and 1929. Much has been said of the raging blizzard on January 12, 1884, in which many of the Barnes county people lost their lives. Since the founding of Uxbridge in 1882, the township board has been composed of the following men: Joseph J. Bascom 1882-1893 David Walks 1882-1890 (Deceased) James E. Walks. 1882-1895 (Deceased) Philip W. Noxon 1890-1894 Christian Christ .1893-1909 (Out in 1895) August Darkenwald. 1893-1917 (Out 4 years) George Oglesby 1894-1915 (Out 5 years) Thomas Flewell 1895-1896 George B. Simpson 1904-1907 John Knecht 1904-1938 (Out 8 years) Anton Christ 1913-1916 Samuel Oglesby. .1915-1942 (Now in) Peter Rumer 1916-1934 Lewis Wolff 1917-1920 Alfred Ernie 1923-1926 Nicholas J. Clemens.. .1934-1941 (Out 1937 - Now in) Robert Christ .1937-1943 (Now in)

Barn of T. E. McMillan Built in 1917; burned in 1930 I be Little LJId Ood ohonlu; on the O-luim O. E. Murray

(The words of this song were written in 1882, while Dr. Murray was living on his pre-emption near Alexandria, Dakota Territory. Air:— "Lily of the Valley." "Old Log Cabin in the Lane.") I'm looking rather seedy now, while holding down my claim; And my victuals are not always served the best; And the mice play slyly round me, as I nestle down to sleep, In my Little Old Sod Shanty in the West. CHORUS The hinges are of leather, and the windows have no glass, While the board roof lets the howling blizzard in; And I hear the hungry coyote, as he sneaks up through the grass, 'Round my Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. Yet I rather like the novelty of living in this way, Tho' my bill of fare is always rather tame; And I'm happy as a clam on this land of Uncle Sam, In my Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. But when 1 left my eastern home, a bachelor so gay To try to win my way to wealth and fame, I little thought that I'd come down to burning twisted hay In a Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. My clothes are plastered o'er with dough and I'm looking like a fright, And everything is scattered round the room; But I wouldn't give the freedom that I have out in the west For the bauble of an eastern Mansard home. Still I wish that some kind-hearted girl would pity on me take, And relieve me from the mess that I am in; The angel — how I'd bless her, if this her home she'd make; In my Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. And when we made our fortunes in the prairie of the west Just as happy as two lovers we'd remain; We'd forget the trials and troubles that we endured at first, In our Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. And if fate should bless us with now and then an heir, To cause our hearts with honest pride to flame; Oh, then we'd be content for the years that we had spent, In our Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim. When time enough should pass and the little lads and lass, To man and modest womanhood had grown; It won't seem half so lonely when round us we shall look And see other old sod shanties on the Claim.

16 KJriqinal I lomestead Tilinqs in Uxbridge I ownship

All even numbered sections, with the exception of sections 16 and 36 which were granted by the federal government for the support of common schools, were set aside for homestead land, as provided by the Homestead Act of May, 1862. Under this act any head of a family, or any adult who was or intended to become a citizen of the United States, and who had not borne arms against the government, could acquire free a homestead of one hundred sixty acres of public lands in return for five years of residence and cultivation and a small entrance fee. SECTION 2 N. E. y4—Webster Mull, filed Sept. 22, 1882, but cancelled Nov. 22, 1884. George O. Darkenwald, filed Dec. 8, 1887, approved Nov. 30, 1894. S. W. Vi— August E. Darkenwald, filed Sept. 22, 1882, approved July 8, 1889. N. W. y4—Lewis S. Kolden, filed June 20, 1881, but cancelled June 2, 1885. James E. Walks, filed July 14, 1885, but cancelled June 21, 1895. David Walks, filed June 24, 1895, approved Sept. 24, 1900. S. E. y4—Charles Marsh, filed July 25, 1882, approved Mar. 6, 1889. SECTION 4 N. y2 of N. W. Vi and N. V2 of N. E. Vi—-Minnie Erni, filed May 31, 1895, approved May 1, 1902. S. Vz of N. W. Vi and N. Vz of S. W. Vi—Andreas Erni, filed July 16, 1884, approved July 14, 1891. r/ S. 2 of N. E. Vi and N. Vz of S. E. y4—Wilhelm Vogt, filed June 11, 1892, ap­ proved July 22, 1899. S Vz of S. E. Vi and S. Vz of S. W. Vi—Lorenz Arms, filed Aug. 15, 1885, approved Jan. 16, 1894. SECTION 6 N. E. Vi— Jacob Knecht, filed May 9, 1883 and June 22, 1886, approved July 6, 1893. S. W. Vi— John Chinn, filed Mar. 7, 1882, but cancelled Feb. 18, 1895. Julius Bosse, filed Mar. 4, 1895, approved Feb. 1, 1901. N. W. Vi—William Hoefel, filed Mar. 4, 1886, but cancelled. George M. Hunt, filed July 16, 1892, approved Sept. 15, 1897. S. E. Vi— North Dakota Agricultural College, filed Feb. 6, 1892, approved Jan. 29, 1894. SECTION 8 N. E. Vi—North Dakota School Indemnity, filed Mar. 2, 1892, approved Aug. 28, 1895. N. W. Vi— Clinton A. Dunham, filed July 27, 1882, patent issued to Perly Dunham, sole heir, Nov. 7, 1919. S. W. Vi— Perly E. Dunham, filed Jan. 31, 1883. 17 18 MY NATIVE LAND

S. E. Vi— George Carr, filed Mar. 14, 1882, but cancelled May 11, 1883. Espy Ash, filed Nov. 14, 1894, approved Mar. 26, 1900. SECTION 10 N. E. Vi— Levy Philip, filed Apr. 12, 1882.

N. W. y4—John Ditmer, filed July 6, 1881, approved June 6, 1889. S. E. Vi—Alonzo C. W. Plank, filed June 6, 1882, but cancelled Nov. 1, 1884. Donald Ross, filed Jan. 21, 1885, but cancelled Nov. 14, 1888. Samuel Oglesby, filed Nov. 14, 1888, approved Oct. 31, 1895. S. W. Vi— Christian Wenger, filed July 1, 1881, but cancelled Aug. 10, 188"3. Anton Fried, filed Aug. 10, 1883, but cancelled Aug. 10, 1886. Philip W. Noxon, filed Aug. 10, 1886, approved July 27, 1898. SECTION 12 N. E. Vi—Albert Anderson, filed July 24, 1888. William Anderson, filed Apr. 23, 1891, approved Jan. 19, 1898. N. W. Vi—North Dakota Soldier's Home, filed Feb. 9, 1892, approved Dec. 30, 1893. S. E. Vi— Jane M. Buttolph, filed July 6, 1881, but cancelled May 22, 1884. Donald Ross, filed May 22, 1884, but cancelled Dec. 10, 1891. John W. Widdifield, filed Dec. 10, 1891, approved Jan. 14, 1899. S. W. Vi—William B. Clapp, filed Oct. 1, 1882, but cancelled Nov. 30, 1887. Minnetta M. Hilborn, filed Oct. 1, 1891, but cancelled Nov. 20, 189:;:. Frank L. Widdifield, filed Nov. 20, 1893, approved June 25, 1901. SECTION 14 N. E. Vi—William C. Bascom, filed Oct. 16, 1882. Thomas Flewell, filed December 12, 1885, and Oct. 28, 1890, and ap­ proved Nov. 13, 1897. N. W. Vi—Joseph J. Bascom, filed Oct. 13, 1882, approved July 8, 1889. S. W. Vi—Joseph J. Bascom, pre-emption Oct. 13, 1882. S. E. Vi—Jesse Quick, filed Oct. 5, 1881, but cancelled Aug. 5, 1884. Thomas Flewell, tree claim file, Aug. 5, 1884, approved July 15, 1892. SECTION 16 (Note) School land. This section on November 21, 1908, was sold on con­ tract by the Board of University and School Lands to T. E. McMillan. SECTION 18 N. E. %—James E. Griffin, filed Mar. 7, 1882, but cancelled Nov. 10, 1882. Mordecai E. Walks, filed Nov. 10, 1882, but cancelled June 18, 1897. August W. Becker, filed Aug. 30, 1897, approved Sept. 4, 1902. S. W. Vi—John P. Chinn, filed Nov. 7, 1882, but cancelled Apr. 8, 1893. Isabella Wright, filed June 12, 1895, approved Mar. 4, 1901. S. E. Vi— James E. Griffin, filed Nov. 10, 1882, but cancelled Apr. 26, 1893. Lindsay Wright, tree claim file, May 25, 1895, approved June 25, 1901. MY NATIVE LAND 19

N. W. Vi—George Oglesby, Sr., filed Apr. 28, 1883, but cancelled Jan. 26, 1886. George Oglesby, Sr., re-filed Jan. 26, 1886, approved by receiv­ ing a commutation Dec. 20, 1888. SECTION 20 N. E. Vi— Jacob Lefever, filed July 27, 1882, pre-emption Dec. 25, 1882. N. W. Vi—William Bennett, filed July 27, 1882. Henry W. Bennett, filed Feb. 1, 1883, but cancelled Apr. 10, 1893. Robert E. Burns filed Aug. 17, 1893, approved Dec. 7, 1899. S. W. Vi— Jacob Kein, filed July 14, 1882, but cancelled Dec. 6, 1883. Bertha Anderson, filed May 31, 1895, but cancelled Oct. 8, 1906. Edward H. Connor, filed Oct. 24, 1906, died Nov. 11, 1909, heirs approved May 29, 1913. S. E. Vi— John Walker, filed Dec. 31, 1881, but cancelled Jan. 17, 1883. Jacob Kein, filed Jan. 17, 1883, but cancelled July 26, 1889. Charles C. Herron, filed July 26, 1889, but cancelled May 18, 1893. Samuel Oglesby, Sr., filed May 18, 1893, approved Oct. 7, 1898. SECTION 22

N. E. y4—David Walks, Sr, filed Apr. 12, 1882, but cancelled May 24, 1884. David Walks, Sr, re-filed Aug. 5, 1884, approved Aug. 5, 1891. N. W. Vi—James E. Walks, filed Apr. 12, 1882, pre-emption Oct. 13, 1882. S. W. Vi—James E. Walks, filed Oct. 13, 1882, approved 23, 1889. S. E. Vi— Lucius H. Shumate, filed Oct. 15, 1881, but cancelled June 1, 1883. David Walks, Sr, filed June 1, 1883, but cancelled Aug. 25, 1890. William O. Butler, filed Sept. 2, 1890, but cancelled July 8, 1897. John W. C. Hilborn, filed July 8, 1897, approved June 20, 1904. SECTION 24 N. E. Vi—Christian Christ, tree claim file, May 11, 1881, approved Sept. 28, 1894 N. W. Vi— Christian Christ, filed Jan. 23, 1884, approved Mar. 18, 1891. S. W. Vi— Allan Ross, pre-emption Dec. 22, 1882.

S. E. y4— Donald Ross, pre-emption Dec. 22, 1882. SECTION 26

N. E. y4—John Hardt, filed Dec. 3, 1880, but cancelled June 16, 1885. Hans Anderson, filed June 16, 1885, approved June 20, 1892.

N. W. y4— John A. Plank, filed Oct. 13, 1882, approved July 21, 1897. S. W. Vi—John A. Plank, pre-emption Oct. 13, 1882. S. E. Vi—John Hardt, filed Jan. 12, 1883, but cancelled June 16, 1885. Hans Anderson, tree claim file, June 16, 1885, approved July 30, 1894. SECTION 28

N. E. y4—John Christ, filed July 11, 1881, and July 21, 1884, but can­ celled Aug. 7, 1891.

North Dakota State Library Bismarck, ND 58501 20 MY NATIVE LAND

John Christ, re-filed Aug. 7, 1891, approved Dec. 30, 1896. N. W. y4—Joseph Christ, filed May 28, 1881 and July 21, 1884, approved May 11, 1903. S. W. y4—Gustav Christ, filed May 8, 1883, and Nov. 20, 1891, approved Nov. 27, 1899. S. E. Vi—Ulrich Fried, filed Nov. 10. 1880, but cancelled May 21, 1883. Gustav Christ, tree claim file, May 21, 1883, approved July 29, 1896. SECTION 30 N. E. Vi— John H. Moris, filed Apr. 5, 1883, but cancelled July 14, 1883. Francis Oglesby, filed July 14, 1883, but cancelled Jan. 27, 1892. George Oglesby, filed Jan. 27, 1892, approved Feb. 18, 1899. N. w. y4—Jennie A. Raymond, filed July 7, 1882 and Dec. 8, 1885. S. W. Vi— Lida Miniss, filed June 30, 1881, but cancelled Oct. 26, 1894. John H. Bush, filed June 21, 1895, but cancelled Jan. 31, 1896. Erik Lawson, filed Jan. 31, 1896, approved Dec. 22, 1902. S. E. Vi— Thomas Ricketts, filed Apr. 4, 1883. Jacob Brucker, filed Apr. 6, 1883, but cancelled Mar. 28, 1884. Frederick W. Wessel, filed Nov. 7, 1894, approved Nov. 27, 1899. SECTION 32 N. E. Vi—Fredrick B. Nagle, filed July 27, 1882, but cancelled Apr. 8, 1893. Peter Rumer, filed May 22, 1894, but cancelled July 3, 1897. John F. Treitline, filed July 3, 1897, approved Aug. 11, 1902. N. W. Vi—John C. Black, filed Aug. 23, 1881, but cancelled Nov. 18, 1885. William Lee, filed Nov. 20, 1885, but cancelled Oct. 20, 1892. Alwina Treitline, filed Oct. 20, 1892, approved as Alwina Rumer July 13, 1899. S. W. Vi—Orrin Wellman, filed Mar. 29, 1882, but cancelled Dec. 12, 1887. Frank Treitline, Sr, filed Dec. 12, 1887, and July 29, 1892, ap­ proved July 20, 1899. S. E. y4—- William W. Wellman, filed July 27, 1882, but cancelled Apr. 8, 1893. Samuel Lowe, filed May 31, 1894, approved Aug. 1, 1900. SECTION 34

S. Vz of N. E. Vi and N. Vz of S. E. V4—Charles G. Berglin, filed Apr. 22, 1895, approved July 10, 1900. N. E. '/4 of N. E.y4—Mari Etter, filed Apr. 5, 1901, and Oct. 9, 1901. W. Vz of N. W. Vi, N. E. Vi of N. W. y4 and N. W. Vi of N. E. Vi— Margreth Fried, filed Nov. 10, 1880, but cancelled May 14, 1886. Andreas Juon, filed May 14, 1886, but cancelled Aug. 11, 1892. Andreas Juon, re-filed Aug. 11, 1892, approved July 6, 1898. S. Vz of N. E. y4 and N. Vz of S. E. y4—James B. Ruddy, filed June 24, 1882, but cancelled Apr. 1, 1884. 21 MY NATIVE LAND

Anton Christ, filed Apr. 1, 1884, but cancelled Apr. 26, 1893. Alice G. Bascom, filed July 18, 1894, but cancelled Apr. 22, 1895. Charles G. Berglin—(top line).

S. Vz of S. E.y4 and S. Vz of S. W. Vi— Ernest W. Waltemate, Jr., filed June 27, 1882, and Apr. 29, 1885, but cancelled Aug. 10, 1891. Anton Olson, filed Aug. 10, 1891, approved Jan. 10, 1901.

N. Vz of S. W. Vi and S. E. y4 of N. W. Vi—Etta S. Bush, filed Apr. 20, 1895, but cancelled Oct. 15, 1898. Henning Lundquist, filed Oct. 15, 1898, cancelled Oct. 30, 1900. John J. Nass, filed Oct. 30, 1900, approved Dec. 19, 1905. SECTION 36 (Note) School land. This section was sold in parcels by the Board of Uni­

versity and School Lands. The NWV4 on December 3, 1903, was J sold on contract to H. W. Green and J. B. Folsom. The NE /4 and

SWy4 were similarly sold on the same day as the foregoing to

Messrs. Green and Folsom. The SEy4 on December 1, 1904, was sold on contract to the same parties. Patents were issued to Mr. Green.

Farm and home of Anton Christ vJriqinal Murcbasers 01 Mortbern Pacific Land in Uxbridqe I ownsbip

All odd numbered sections were originally granted to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company under an Act of Congress approved July 2, 1864, entitled, "An Act Granting Lands to aid in the construction of a Railroad and Telegraph Line from Lake Superior to Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast by the northern route; and the joint resolution of May 31, 1870, whereby there was granted to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, its successors and assigns, every alternate section of public land, designated by odd numbers, to the amount of twenty alternate sections per mile on each side of said railroad." (Note) This was only through the territories, however, through the states, only ten miles on each side. SECTION 1 W. Vz and S. E. Vi— Purchased by A. W. and E. Brown, July 9, 1879. N. E. Vi—Minnesota and Dakota Land and Investment Co, June 29, 1889. SECTION 3 Purchased by William A. Howard, June 10, 1879. SECTION 5 Purchased by Frederick Ormond French and George Nackel Young, Janu­ ary 15, 1879. SECTION 7 Purchased by James S. Franklin, January 15, 1879. SECTION 9 Purchased by William A. Howard, June 10, 1879. SECTION 11 Purchased by William A. Howard, June 10, 1879. SECTION 13 E. Vz— Purchased by Elizabeth A. Sanborn, July 9, 1880. W Vz—A. W. and E. Brown, July 9, 1879. SECTION 15 Purchased by Jacob Y. Schantz, November 10, 1878. SECTION 17 Purchased by James S. Franklin, January 15, 1879. SECTION 19 N. Vz—Purchased by James S. Franklin, January 15, 1879. S. Vz— William H. Thompson, January 15, 1879. SECTION 21 Purchased by Jacob Y. Shantz, November 10, 1878. SECTION 23 N. y2—Purchased by Edward W. Ewer, June 10, 1879. S. W. Vi—William H. Gregory, September 10, 1878. S. E. Vi—John W. Tomblin, September 10, 1878. 22 MY NATIVE LAND 23

SECTION 25 Purchased by John W. Tomblin, September 10, 1878. SECTION 27 Purchased by William H. Gregory, September 10, 1878. SECTION 29 Purchased by William H. Thompson, January 15, 1879. Less E Vz of S. E. Vi which went to Minn. & Dakota, etc, June 29, 1889. SECTION 31 Purchased by Edward O'Brien, July 9, 1879. SECTION 33 N. Vz and N. E. Vi of S. E. Vi— Purchased by Jane E. Lime, June 10, 1879. S. W. Vi and W. Vz of S. E, Vi—Benjamin Dearbon, June 10, 1879. S. E. Vi of S. E. Vi—Minnesota and Dakota Land and Investment Co., June 29, 1889. SECTION 35 E Vz—Purchased by John W. Tomblin, September 10, 1878. W. Vz—William H. Gregory, September 10, 1878.

explanation

Early settlers to Dakota Territory were able to get three quarter sections of public lands from the Government on favorable terms under the pre-emption, homestead, and tree-claim laws. The pre-emption law was a right formerly given to citizens of the United States to buy a quarter section of public lands at a limited price in preference to all others, provided they complied with certain regulations. The Pre-emption laws were repealed by Act of Congress, March 3, 1891, but the rights of those who had previously filed their claims were saved. The certain regulation in most cases was that if one settled on a certain quarter of public lands for a period of six months that person at the end of that period was permitted to buy the land for $1.25 an acre. This system or law was established in 1837. The above stipulation was waived in case of Civil War veterans who were allowed to count their term of military service as a part of the six-month occupancy requirement. The Homestead law is discussed under Uxbridge homesteads. The Tree- claim law provided that early settlers might be given a quarter section of public lands if they would plant and cultivate ten acres of trees for a period of five years. They would not have to settle on this land. This could be had in addition to their homestead quarter or alone. The Tree-claim law, howev­ er, was repealed at the same time as was the Pre-emption law. The stipula­ tion of occupancy requirement was waived in the case of Civil War veterans filing on homesteads in accordance to their term of military service. After 24 MY NATIVE LAND

1891, in order to scatter public lands benefits as widely as possible among actual settlers, the amount of land that any one person could claim from the United States Government was restricted to 160 acres. While Ethan Allen Hitchcock was Secretary of the Interior from 1898 to 1907, a great many public lands frauds in the West were uncovered, and many of its participants were punished.

Out Where the West Deqins

Arthur Chapman (1873-1923)

(Twenty-three years ago, in 1917, Mr. Chapman, then with the Denver Times, wrote these verses, which are quoted very generally today as expres­ sing Western sentiment. The author's monetary reward, however, has been almost nothing.)

Out where the handclasp's a little stronger, Out where the smile dwells a little longer, That's where the West begins; Out where the sun is a little brighter, Where the snows that fall are a triflle whiter Where the bonds of home are a wee bit tighter, That's where the West begins. Out where the skies are a trifle bluer, Out where friendship's a little truer, That's where the West begins; Out where a fresher breeze is blowing, Where there's laughter in every streamlet flowing, Where there's more a reaping and less of sowing, That's where the West begins. Out where the world is in the making, Where fewer hearts in despair are aching, That's where the West begins; Where there's more of singing and less of sighing, Where there's more of giving and less of buying, And a man makes friends without half trying, That's where the West begins. Uxbridqe Land Uirectorq - Januarq 1, 1940

SECTION 1 N. Vz—-Fed. Land Bank of St. Paul (Home of Anton Anderson NW%). S. Vz—A. W. Henkel.

J — ^—t- 5 T* 3 2 1 *6Z \z °7 S 9 io. 11 12 la

/o,e 17 ie 15 14 N^ 13 u X B R 1 D G E

19 2D 21 22 23 24

3D Z9 2B 27 26 25

31 32 33 34 35 36

isasb.

Farm and home of A. L. Joos SECTION 2 N. E. Vi—Fed. Land Bank (Home of Marshall Darkenwald). N. W. Vi— State Treas. Trustee. S. E. Vi— Nat. Life Ins. Co. S. W. Vi—Fried Co. (Home of Nicholas J. Clemens). SECTION 3 E. Vz— Fried Co. 25 26 MY NATIVE LAND

N. W. Vi—John Wolski. S. W. Vi— Alfred Ernie (About 1 acre Soo R. R.). SECTION 4 N. Vz—Alfred Ernie (About 3 acres Soo R. R.) (Home of Alfred

Ernie NWV4). N. Vz of S. W. Vi—Alfred Ernie (About 1 acre Soo R. R.) N. Vz of S. W. Vi— Alfred Ernie (About 1 acre Soo R. R.). N. Vz of S. E. Vi— Alfred Ernie (About 2 acres Soo R. R.). S. Vz of S. W. Vi—Lorenz Arms Estate S. Vz of S. E. Vi—Lorenz Arms Estate (About 2 acres Soo R. R.). SECTION 5

S. Vz--F. B. Olson (Vacant farm SWy4). S. Vz of S. E. Vi of N. E. Vi—F. B. Olson. . w. Vz of N. E. Vi—Emil Feldmann (Home of John Kruse). N. w. Vi—New York Life Ins. Co. N. E. Vi of N. E. Vi—Clara Bloedel (About 2 acres Soo R. R.) —(Home of Clara Bloedel). N. Vz of S. E. Vi of N. E. Vi—Clara Bloedel. SECTION 6 N. E. Vi— John G. Knecht (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.) —(Home of Eth­ el Lewellyn. N. W. Vi— Robert O'Brien. S. E. Vi—Frank H. and Bertha Walker (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.). S. W. Vi—-Julius Bosse Estate (About 1 acre Mid. R. R.) —(Home of Carl Paasch). SECTION 7 N. Vz--Emma Wolff (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.) —(Home of Lewis Wolff NEy4). S. Vz—Barbara Kannengeiser (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.) — (Home of Lloyd Kuhlmann SEV4). SECTION 8

W. Vz—Victoria H. Durupt (Vacant farm NWy4). N, E. Vi— Peter P. Durupt. S. E. Vi— Thomas E. McMillan. SECTION 9 N. Vz—State Treas. Trustee.

S. W. y4—Thomas E. McMillan (Home of Thomas E. McMillan). W. Vz of S. E. Vi—Almira L. Cooper. E. Vz of S. E. Vi—Emma L. Pickard. SECTION 10 N. E. Vi— Helen G. Bascom (About 2 acres Soo R. R.) N. W. Vi— Samuel Oglesby (About 3 acres Soo R. R.). MY NATIVE LAND 27

S. E. Vi—Samuel Oglesby (About 2 acres Soo R. R.). S. W. Vi—Marion M. Oglesby (Home of Samuel Oglesby). SECTION 11 S. Vz—Union Central Life Ins. Co. (About 3 acres Soo R. R.). N. E. Vi—Fried Co. N. W. Vi—Samuel Oglesby SECTION 12 N. E. Vi—F. C. Lovell. N. W. Vi— Soldier's Home. S. E. Vi—Agnes Jones (Home of Agnes Jones). S. W. Vi— A. O. U. W. (Home of Leo Rebhahn). SECTION 13 N. E. Vi—Mary E. Willson. N. W. Vi—N. W. Mutual Life Ins. Co. (About 1 acre Soo R. R.). S. E. Vi—State Treasurer Trustee (About 5 acres Soo R. R.). S. W. Vi— Mary E. Willson (About 4 acres Soo R. R.). SECTION 14 E. Vz—Federal Land Bank (About 5 acres Soo R. R.). (Home of William Cruss N. E. Vi) W. Vz—Helen G. Bascom (About 1 acre Soo R. R.). SECTION 15 S. Vz—Federal Land Bank (Home of Peter Schiller S. E. Vi). N. E. Vi—Samuel Oglesby (Home of George Stiles). N. W. Vi—George Noxon. SECTION 16 E. Vz— Frank McMillan (Home of Frank McMillan N. E. Vi) W. Vz— Federal Land Bank. SECTION 17 W. Vz—Andrew L. Joos (Home of Andrew L. Joos N. W. Vi). N. E. Vi—Thomas E. McMillan. S. E. Vi—Andrew L. Joos. SECTION 18 N. Vz— Helen Kuhlmann (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.). (Home of Ferdinand E. Kuhlmann N. E. Vi) • S. E. Vi— Aneta E. Chase. S. W Vi—Isabella Wright Heirs (About 4 acres Mid. R. R.). SECTION 19 N. E. Vi—John Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. (Home of Nels Arvidson). N. W. Vi—Federal Land Bank (About 4 acres Mid. R.R.).

S. E. y4— Federal Land Bank (Home of Eric Arvidson). S. W. Vi—McElroy Co. (About 1 acre Mid. R. R.). 28 MY NATIVE LAND

SECTION 20 N. Vz—New York Life Insurance Company. S. E. Vi—New York Life Insurance Co. (Home of Arthur Oglesby). S. W. Vi—Lois L. Connor. SECTION 21 N. Vz—A. O. U. W. S. E. Vi—John Christ Estate (Home of John Christ). S. W. Vi—Russel Guscette (Home of Russel Guscette). SECTION 22 N. Vz— A. O. U. W. (About 8 acres school yard N. W. Vi). (Home of Robert Christ N. E. Vi). S. E. Vi—N. W. Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Home of John Alderman). S. W. Vi—Fried Company. SECTION 23 N. E. Vi—Gertrude A. Morris. N. W. Vi—Emma P. Hilborn (About 2 acres Waino Hurd).

S. E. y4—Viola Knecht.

S. W. y4—Magdaline Kuhlmann. SECTION 24 N. Vz—Anton Christ (Home of Anton Christ N. W. Vi). S. E. Vi—Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company. S. W. Vi— Hulda Willson Estate. SECTION 25 E. Vz— Federal Land Bank (Home of Andrew L. Willson N. E. Vi). W. Vz—New York Life Insurance Company. SECTION 26

E. Vz—Hans Anderson Estate (Vacant farm N. E.V4).

N. W.y4—N. W. Mutual Life Insurance Company. S. W. Vi—Abrigail E. Hilborn. SECTION 27 N. Vz— John Christ Estate. S. E. Vi—John F. Kuhlmann (Home of John F. Kuhlmann). S. W. Vi— Elizabeth Etter. SECTION 28 S. Vz—Ferdinand Huber (Home of Richard Offner S. W. Vi). N. E. Vi John Christ Estate. N. W. Vi—Russel Guscette. SECTION 29 S. Vz—Peter Rumer. N. E. Vi—Lizzie Netting. N. W. Vi—New York Life Insurance Company. MY NATIVE LAND 29

SECTION 30 W. Vz— Soliah Estate (Vacant farm S. W. Vi). N. E. Vi—New York Life Insurance Company. S. E. Vi—Hans Anderson Estate. SECTION 31 E. Vz—Peter Rumer (Home of Carl Rumer S. E. Vi). W. Vz—Gerhard B. Arveson (Home of Gerhard B. Arveson N. W. Vi). SECTION 32 N. E. Vi—Peter Rumer (Home of Edwin Rumer) N. W. Vi—Alwina Rumer. S. E. Vi—First Minneapolis Trust Company Trust Co. Trustee. S. W. Vi— William F. Treitline (Home of Willard Treitline). SECTION 33 N. Vz—N. W. Mutual Life Insurance Company. S. E. Vi—Federal Land Bank. S. W. Vi—N. W. Mutual Life Insurance Company. SECTION 34 N. Vz of N. E. Vi—Edward Christ. N. Vz of N. W. Vi—Edward Christ (Home of Edward Christ). S. W. Vi of N. W. Vi—Edward Christ. S. Vz of N. E. Vi—Richard Schley. N. Vz of S. E. Vi— Richard Schley. S. E. Vi of N. W. Vi—Anna Grover Davidson. N. Vz of S. W. Vi—Anna Grover Davidson (Home of John Davidson). S. Vz of S. Vz— Anton Olson Estate. SECTION 35 N. Vz—New York Life Insurance Co. S. Vz—Richard Schley. SECTION 36 S. Vz— Harry W. Green Estate (Home of Victor Anderson S. E. Vi). N. E. Vi—Harry W. Green Estate. N. W. VA—Yellow Medicine County Bank, Granite Falls. Minnesota.

•PC--'

Farm and home of John F. Kuhlmann A Llome on tbe Kanqe

William Goodwin

Oh, give me a home where the buffalo roam, Where the deer and the antelope play, Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day.

Oh, give me a land where the bright diamond sand Flows leisurely down the stream; Where the graceful, white swan goes gliding along Like a maid in a heavenly dream.

Where the air is so pure, and the zephyrs so free, And the breezes so balmy and light, That I would not exchange my home on the range, For all of the cities so bright.

How often at night, when the heavens are bright, With the light from the glittering stars, Have I stood there amazed, and asked as I gazed, If their glory exceeds that of ours.

Home, home on the range;— Where the deer and the antelope play; Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day.

30 Personal Lives of Uxbridqe People Some of the most interesting people are not necessarily the Presi­ dent, or the Senator, or the Governor, or the steel magnate, or a leading executive. One can meet interesting people in all walks of life. People who have strived to make the world a better place to live in; people who have contributed to the welfare of others; and, people who have tried to make their lives full and worthwhile. Probably not all of the pioneers and early settlers of Uxbridge have lived interesting lives; probably many have, you be the judge. JOHAN AUGUST ARVIDSON Johan August Arvidson was born in Sweden in 1871. He came with his family to Leal, North Dakota, in 1900. The following two years he worked for his brother-in-law, Eric Lawson, whose homestead was in Uxbridge township, on the southwest quarter of section 30. Then in 1902, he began farming for himself, living on the southeast quarter of section 27, the present farm home of John F. Kuhlmann. In 1905, he moved to the old Henry Etter farm on the northwest quarter of section 34, where he lived until 1908. That same year he returned to operate the Eric Lawson farm until 1911. In 1909, he purchased the southeast and northwest quarters of section 19 and moved there in 1911. He lived on the southeast quarter of section 19 and made that his home until his untimely death in 1923. On this farm in 1919, he built a beautiful, two-story bungalow farm house, installing a Delco light plant and running water. August Arvidson was united in marriage to Anna Lawson of Sweden in 1897. To this union were born six children, Nels, now living in Uxbridge township on the northeast quarter of section 19; Harry, deceased; Eric, living on his father's farm; Margaret, who now lives near Ryder; Ruth, residing in Silver Spring, Maryland; and Marie, who lives in Topeka, Kansas. Mrs. Arvidson died in 1911. In 1915, Mr. Arvidson married Mrs. Anne Turter of Wimbledon. This marriage added three more children to the family, Myrtle Turter, Edwin Turter and Robert Turter, Myrtle is at present living in Audubon, Minnesota; Edwin is residing in Fargo; and Robert, the writer of this work, is at present the principal of the Uxbridge consolidated school. Mr. Arvidson was a member of the Uxbridge school board for several years until the time of his death. He was a kind and loving husband and father.

WILLIAM B. BASCOM William B. Bascom was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1876. He came to Dakota Territory, as a young lad of seven, in 1883, living with his father, Joseph J. Bascom, who came to Uxbridge township in 1882, home-

31 32 MY NATIVE LAND steading the northwest quarter of section 14. His father was the first postmaster of Uxbridge, then later of Leal, until 1896. His father was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1840, and passed away in 1918. Mr. Bascom lived in Uxbridge township until 1904, when he moved to Harvey, where he resided until 1911. Mr. Bascom was united in marriage to Elizabeth Green of Toronto Canada, in 1907. One child was born to this union, who died at birth. Mr. Bascom attended the Valley City College from 1893 to 1896. In 1916, he moved back to his farm in Uxbridge township, where he lived until 1923, when he moved to Valley City, where he is now residing. Mr. Bascom mentioned the pioneer trips to Valley City. He stated that the journey usually took five days with a yoke of oxen and a load of wheat to get ground into grit meal. The old Bailey Nielson farm about twelve miles northwest of Valley City was then known to the Uxbridge pioneers as the Half-Way farm, for it was there that they would often stop for the night on this then long journey to the city. WILLIAM O. BUTLER William O. Butler was born in the state of Maine in 1863. He died in Uxbridge township in 1891 at the early age of twenty-eight. Mr. Butler was a graduate of the Farmington, Maine, Normal School and one of the first teachers in the Uxbridge schools. He married Catharine Walks in 1888, and to this union was born one son, George Walks, who is at present the postmaster at Leal. Mr. Butler filed on a homestead in Uxbridge town­ ship in 1890, the southeast quarter of section 22. This quarter later became the homestead of John W. C. Hilborn. In 1899, after the death of Mr. Butler, Mrs. Butler was united in marriage to George B. Simpson. To this union was born one child, Ida Alene, who is now residing in California. Mr. Simpson was born in Kincardine, Ontario, Canada, in 1865. He came to Dakota Territory as a young man, settling near Casselton. Later he came to Leal, North Dakota, and managed the C. A. Smith Lumber Company until 1903, when he moved to the old William O. Butler farm on the north­ east quarter of section 22. This quarter was the original homestead of Mrs. Simpson's father, David Walks, who filed here in 1882. Mr. Simpson died in 1913. Mr. Simpson was very active in the township during his time here and was a member of the Uxbridge school board before and after the consolidation, and was a member at the time of his death. Mr. Butler always kept a diary of his life. This diary was burned, however, in 1916, at the time the George W. Butler farm house burned.

CHRISTIAN CHRIST Christian Christ was born in Switzerland in 1856. He came as a young man to America with his father in 1872, settling in the state of Wisconsin. Then in 1881, he came with his sister and two brothers to Dakota Territory and stopped at Jamestown. Mr. Christ first filed on a MY NATIVE LAND 33 tree claim on the northeast quarter of section 24 in Uxbridge township and in 1884, filed on a homestead, the northwest quarter of section 24. In 1886, he was married to Caroline Treitline. To this union were born five chil­ dren, Anton, who resides in Uxbridge township on his father's homestead; Magdaline Kuhlmann, living also in Uxbridge township on the southeast quar­ ter of section 27; Emma Wolff, who resides in Uxbridge township on the northeast quarter of section 7; Carrie Stoll, who resides in the state of Washington; and Viola Knecht of Wimbledon. Mr. Christ played an important part in the founding of the Prairie View Cemetery Association of Wimbledon. The cemetery is today one of the most beautiful in the state. He was a director of the Bank of Leal from 1905 to 1922, when it closed, and was president of the Merchants National Bank of Wimbledon from 1918 to 1923, when it closed. Mr. Christ was also a member of the Uxbridge school board for several years, resigning in 1909. Mr. Christ died in 1928 at his home in Wimbledon. The Christ brothers, Christian, Joseph and John, with their brother-in-law, Andrew Joos, in 1890, owned and operated a Huber portable thresher, straw-burning engine, which was hauled from farm to farm and field to field by horses. Among the early band-cutters were Frank Treitline and Fred Vogt, standing on boxes to enable them to reach the bundle table. The threshing season has always held a great deal of charm and interest to the Dakotas. Stories are told and re-told of the early threshing days and of the coming of the large threshing machines in the early years of the twentieth century. Since there were few large machines at that time and the crops were heavy, long threshing seasons were not uncommon. Many times a wet period would set in that would lay-up the large crews for twenty-one days at a time. A threshing crew in about 1915, would consist of about twenty men, the engineer, the fireman, the waterman, the coalman, the night watchman, the separator man, two spike-pitchers, ten bundlemen, and two field-pitchers. Then there would be also the grain haulers and others about the machine and farm. The day the threshers would come was about like the day the circus was coming to town. There were too, the labor question and the I. W. W.'s of the early twenties. Though with all the hurry and labor of the harvest and threshing season, the golden memory of the time can never pass away.

JOHN CHRIST John Christ was born in Switzerland in 1862. At the age of nine in company with his father, one sister and two brothers journeyed to America and first settled in Wisconsin. Then in 1881 he responded to the call of pioneering and started west for the wide prairies of Dakota territory, stopping off at Jamestown. There he spent some time working at odd Jobs and prospecting around, finally in 1881, he filed on a homestead in Uxbridge 34 MY NATIVE LAND township, the northeast quarter of section 28. Due to his young age, however, he had to refile a little later. In 1893, he was married to Anna Stabenow of Jamestown. To this union were born eight children, Adolph, now living near Dazey; Robert, who was in the World War and is now living in Uxbridge township on the old George B. Simpson farm, the northeast quarter of section 22. Robert at the present time is on the Uxbridge township board. Edwin, who is also living at the present time in Uxbridge township on the old Henry Etter farm, the northwest quarter of section 34; Bertha, living in South Dakota; Anna, residing near Amidon; John, who lives on his father's farm located on the southeast quarter of section 21; Josephine, who lives near New England, North Dakota; and George, who lives in Oregon. Mr. Christ passed away in 1934. JOSEPH CHRIST Joseph Christ was born in Switzerland in 1858. He came to the United States in 1872 with his father, one sister and two brothers. They all settled in Wisconsin, and in 1881 he came to Dakota territory, landing in Jamestown. After a short time working in the community, he filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township, the northwest quarter of section 28. A little later he moved to the southwest quarter of section 21, the present farm home of Russel Guscette, formerly the old Robert Flewell farm. He lived there until 1903, when he retired and moved to Wimbledon. But Mr. Christ soon tired of town life and again took up farming in Bloom township, five miles east of Jamestown. In 1892, he was married to Amelia Reglin, who passed away in 1932. To this union were born six children, Carl, who resides at Jamestown; Mrs. G. W. Patterson, who lives east of Jamestown; Mrs. Charles Crist of LaMoure; Mrs. C. P. Rust of New Orleans, Louisiana; Mrs. J. E. Carlson of Miami, Florida; and Malinda, deceased. Mr. Christ died at the age of 80, in 1939. GUSTAV R. CHRIST Gustav R. Christ was born in the state of Wisconsin in 1862. He came to Dakota Territory in 1883. That same year, he filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township, the southwest quarter of section 28, where he made his home until his death in 1936. He worked for Anton Fried the first year in Dakota, and the following year, he worked for the Gray Brothers at Spiritwood Lake, moving on his homestead in 1885. He married Anna Arduser the year he moved on his homestead, in 1885. To this union twelve children were born, Celia Greshik, now living near Jamestown; Treasa, deceased; Adelaide, who resides at Bremerton, Washington; Margaret Newman, living at Winfield, Missouri; Rudolph, who resides at Mandan; Leonard, who lives at Buchanan; Nicholas, living at New Rockford; Amanda Grover, who resides at Hannaford; John, deceased; Richard, deceased; Lena Rose, now living at LaCrosse, Wisconsin; and Lula Rose, deceased. Mrs. MY NATIVE LAND 35

Christ died in 1912. Mr. Christ was a great lover of fine horses. He purchased his first pure bred stallion in 1901 and from ordinary stock im­ proved his horses, by keeping registered sires thereafter. He raised both Clydesdale and Shire horses. He built a large barn in 1905 at its present dimensions of 62 by 90 feet minus the 20-foot lean-to on the south side. This barn was demolished by the tornado in May, 1916, and rebuilt on the same foundation plus the lean-to section. AUGUST E. DARKENWALD August Darkenwald was born in Germany in 1861. He came to America with his parents in 1865 and they settled in Indiana. In 1882, he came to Dakota Territory and filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township, the southwest quarter of section 2. Mr. Darkenwald was at the time Just twenty-one years of age. In 1895, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Minnie Braley of Long Prairie, Minnesota. To this union were born six children, George, now living in Billings, Montana; August, who is principal of the Christine School; lone, residing at Jamestown; Lucille, who lives in Idaho; Gordon, who is at present a professor in Hunter College, New York City; and Talbot, deceased. By a former marriage, Mrs. Darkenwald had three children, Martin, residing at Tulsa, Oklahoma; Gilbert, who lives at Daven­ port, Iowa; and Gertrude, living in Moorhead, Minnesota. Mr. Darkenwald was a member of the township board for twenty years and was a director of the First National Bank for many years from about 1907 until about 1923. He passed away at his home in Wimbledon in 1933. GEORGE O. DARKENWALD George O. Darkenwald was born in Germany in 1863. He came to the state of Indiana as a little lad of two in 1865. He and his parents made their home there until 1883, when he came to Dakota Territory as a young man of twenty. His brother August had come here the year before. Mr. Darkenwald filed on his homestead in 1887, the northeast quarter of section 2 in Uxbridge township. He made this his home until 1937, when he moved to Wimbledon. Mr. Darkenwald was united in marriage to Mary Altringer in 1898. They were the first couple to be married in the St. Bonaface Catholic Church in Wimbledon. Reverend Father Beuhler of Valley City officiated at the ceremony. To this union were born fourteen children, Oscar, who resides in Wimbledon; Louise, teaching in the Jamestown public schools; Evelyn, who now lives in Helena, Montana; Cordelia, living near Clemens- ville; Vera, who lives in Wimbledon; Edward, deceased; Dorothy, now living in Washington; Wilbur, who now lives in Missoula, Montana; Herbert, residing in Helena, Montana; Edna, living in Wimbledon; Marshall, who now lives on his father's homestead in Uxbridge township; Eleanor, now living in Montana; Peter, deceased; and Elaine, living in Fargo. Mr. Darkenwald, though a leading citizen of Uxbridge township for fifty years, 36 MY NATIVE LAND never held a position on either the township board or the school board during all these years. He is not a man that cares to take the leading part in the affairs of government, though he is very able and experienced in how things should be done. Yet, he did not hold back and was ever ready to lend a helping hand to all good causes. Mr. Darkenwald was a director of the First National Bank of Wimbledon for ten years, from 1913 to 1923, and was president of the Merchants National Bank for eight years. JOHN DAVIDSON John Davidson was born in Schleswig, Germany, in 1876. This prov­ ince, however, until 1865, was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Today, Schleswig is again a part of Denmark. He landed in America as a lad of twelve in 1888, coming to Valley City, where he lived and worked as a blacksmith until 1909, That year he was united in marriage to Mrs. Anna Grover. They have one child, Adolph Grover, who is at present residing in Hannaford. The year of Mr. Davidson's marriage he moved with his famib to Uxbridge township, living on the southwest quarter of section 34, which has been their home ever since. ANDREAS ERNI Andreas Erni was born in Switzerland in 1863. He came to America and Dakota Territory in 1884, filing on a homestead in Uxbridge township that year, the south one-half of the northwest quarter and the north one- half of the southwest quarter in section 4. This he made his home until his untimely death in 1894. Mr. Erni was united in marriage to Wilhelmina Vogt in 1886. Six children were born to this union, Alfred, who now lives on his father's homestead, and who is at the present time a member of the Uxbridge school board and a director of the Wimbledon Co-operative Creamery. He bought the first combine in Uxbridge in 1928. Fred, who lives near Eckelson; Henry of Chicago; Lewis, who resides in California; Sarah, living at the present in Montana; and Minnie, residing in the state of Oregon. Mrs. Erni passed away in 1937. HENRY ETTER Henry Etter was born in Germany in 1863. He came to America and to the state of Wisconsin in 1868, as a small child. In 1898, he came to North Dakota, purchasing the northwest quarter of section 34 in Uxbridge township from its original homesteader, Andreas Juon. Mr. Etter married Ottelia Munt in 1885. To this union two children were born, Edward of Wisconsin and Lewis, who lives in Montana. In 1911, Mr. Etter sold his farm to the Dennstedt Land Company of Wimbledon, and has resided in Wimbledon since. ROBERT FLEWELL Robert Flewell was born in Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada, in 1861. He came to Leal, North Dakota, with his family in 1900. His first year here MY NATIVE LAND 37 in North Dakota he worked as a mason. Then the next fall he bought a quarter section of land lying east of the old Green farm in Brimer township. In 1902, he moved with his family to the old Hans Anderson homestead on the northeast quarter of section 26 in Uxbridge township. The following year, Mr. Flewell purchased the Joseph Christ farm located on the southwest quarter of section 21, and moved there in 1904. This farm he made his home for thirty-one years. In 1935, following the death of his wife that year, Mr. Flewell moved to Wimbledon, where he now resides. This year, 1940, he celebrated his seventy-ninth birthday. Mr. Flewell married Eliza­ beth Pearson in 1882, to which union were born five children, Fred, who is living in Alberta, Canada; Eva, died in Canada in 1934; Wilmot, residing in Oregon; Millard, living in Minnesota; and Mildred, living near Leal. Mr. Flewell tells about the year 1916, when the tornado passed through Ux­ bridge township. That spring there was an old hay rack sitting on the ground covered over with old scrap iron and along side of it stood a load of lumber. The tornado took that rack of scrap iron and carried it far out in the pasture and at the same time not a board on the lumber wagon was touched or moved by the wind. It was that year that many of the large barns in the township were blown down. Peter Rumer's, John Christ's and G. R. Christ's barns were some of them destroyed. Many head of live stock were destroyed. It was in that year that Mr. Flewell built his large L-shaped barn and installed his Delco light plant. His light plant was one of the first installed in the township. George Oglesby, Peter Rumer, John Christ and T. E. McMillan installed light plants about the same year. Mr. Flewell stated that it was not uncommon in those early days to raise wheat that went thirty-five bushels to the acre and oats that produced eighty-five bushels to the acre. Flax would often run as high as twenty bushels to the acre. In cutting these heavy crops, the farmers would have their binders cut in only one direction and then would have to go back in the opposite direction without cutting. Both Mr. Flewell and Mr. George Oglesby had several fine registered Clydesdale horses at this time. Mr. Flewell sold many registered Shorthorn calves for as high as one hundred dollars per head. Mr. Flewell at one time owned the farm that August Arvidson pur­ chased in 1909. Mr. Flewell paid twenty-five dollars an acre for that farm and sold it to Mr. Arvidson for thirty-five dollars an acre. The same con­ tractor that built Arvidson's barn in 1909, built the Uxbridge Consolidated schoolhouse the same year. JOHN W. C. HILBORN John W. C. Hilborn was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1876. When but a young lad of seven, he migrated with his parents to the United States in 1883, shipping to Sanborn, Dakota Territory. Many of the pioneers of Uxbridge came in the same emigrant train with Mr. Hilborn's father, Henry A. Hilborn, and their family. Others on that train were Joseph J. Bascom, 38 MY NATIVE LAND

who founded Uxbridge in 1882, and his family, David Walks, who was also one of the founders of Uxbridge in 1882, and his family, John A. Plank and his family, Charles Marsh and his family, Howard Willson, and John P. Hilborn, Mr. Hilborn's grandfather. Floy Moore, who became the first teacher in Uxbridge, also came with this train. Most of these people lived in the school house at first for a short time, while they built their future homes. School was held in the same building that spring and summer. Mr. Hilborn also mentioned that the prairie at that time was covered with buffalo bones and that one could pick a load of them in but a short time. These bones were usually hauled to Sanborn where they were sold. Mr. Hilborn lived with his father until he homesteaded in Uxbridge township in 1897, filing on the southeast quarter of section 22, where he lived until 1907, when he moved to Leal. Mr. Hilborn was united in marriage to Abigail Brock of Lake City, Minnesota in 1897, and to this union was born one child, Anna, who is now residing at Worland, Wyoming.

GEORGE M. HUNT George M. Hunt was born in the state of Minnesota in 1868. He came to North Dakota in 1892, stopping off at Leal, where his father, George L. Hunt, who died in 1918, had come the previous year, as a contractor, building the first building in that little village in 1892. Mr. Hunt was united in mar­ riage to Gertrude B. Nelson in 1897. To this union were born four children, Floyd, who resides at Fargo; Charles of Wimbledon; Myrtle, who lives in Worthington, Minnesota; and Minnie, now living at Langdon. Mr. Hunt filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township in 1892, the northwest quarter of section 6, where he lived until 1914, when he moved with his family to Wimbledon. Mr. Hunt managed an elevator in Wimbledon from 1905 until 1929.

NOAH JARVIS Noah Jarvis was born in the state of Ohio in 1848. Then as a young man moved to the state of Indiana and then to the state of Iowa where he lived with his family for several years. In 1897, he came with his family to Wimbledon, North Dakota, and lived on a farm for two years in Griggs county. He moved to Uxbridge township in 1899, residing on the northwest quarter of section 31, where he made his home until 1910, when he moved to Wimbledon. Mr. Jarvis and his wife are still living in Wimbledon. They celebrated their sixty-seventh wedding anniversary in 1939. Mr. Jarvis at the age of ninety-one is the oldest living early settler of Uxbridge town­ ship. He was a member of the Uxbridge school board in District number fifty for about ten years, resigning in 1909, when the two districts consolidated. Mr. Jarvis was united in marriage to Sarah Ann How in 1872. To this union were born eight children: Lottie, Ernest, Edith, Ralph, Elmer, Frederick, Clifford and Charles. Lottie, now Mrs. Murdick, Ernest and Edith, now MY NATIVE LAND 39

Mrs. Reynolds, filed on homesteads in North Dakota. Ralph farmed near Woodworth. Elmer, Frederick and Clifford farmed on their father's farm in Uxbridge township.. Charles is now in Chicago. All of the children were born in the state of Iowa. JACOB KNECHT Jacob Knecht was born in Switzerland in 1841. He came to America as a young man of nineteen in the year of I860, settling in the state of Wis­ consin. In 1883, he came to Jamestown, Dakota Territory, and the following year sent for his family, who came that summer. During the first year Mr. Knecht was in Dakota, he worked on a farm for Martin and George Joos, near Jamestown. Then during the summer of 1883, he filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township, the northeast quarter of section 6, but due to the fact that the land was not yet open to entry, he had to file again later. In the meantime, however, he occupied the property. He received his final certifi­ cate or patent for the land in 1893. Mr. Knecht was united in marriage to Wilhemina Wecker of Wisconsin in 1870. To this union were born nine chil­ dren, Sarah, deceased; John, who lived in Uxbridge township on his father's homestead until 1938 and who was a member of the Uxbridge township board for 26 years; Adolph, deceased; Louisa, deceased; Edwina, who is now living in Wimbledon; Herman, residing in Wimbledon; Jacob, who resides at Bismarck; Wilhemina, who is at present doing missionary work in Ken­ tucky; and Henry, deceased. Jacob and Henry were both in the World War. Jacob Knecht, Jr., is a former Disabled American Veterans department com­ mander. Mr. Knecht moved to Wimbledon in 1907 and passed away in 1924. JOHN KUHLMANN John Kuhlmann was born in Germany in 1845. He came to America the year of the Chicago fire in 1871, landing in the state of Wisconsin. Mr. Kuhlmann fought and was injured in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. In the year 1905, in answer to the lure and call of the big wheat country, Mr. Kuhlmann migrated to North Dakota. From 1905 to 1911, he lived in Ux­ bridge township on the old Frank Treitline homestead, the southwest quarter of section 32. Then from 1911 to 1913, he lived on a farm north of Wimble­ don. In 1913, he again moved into Uxbridge township, living on the old Wynes farm, the southwest quarter of section 5. He farmed here until 1917, when he moved to Wimbledon. Mr. Kuhlmann was united in marriage to Margaret Treitline of Wisconsin in 1876. To this union were born eleven children, Louis, who lives in Minnesota; Carry, living in Wisconsin; Tena, who resides in Wimbledon; Annie, also of Wimbledon; John, who lives on his farm in Uxbridge township, the southeast quarter of section 27, and who is at present a member of the Uxbridge school board; Ferdinand, who also is living on his farm in Uxbridge township, the northeast quarter of section 18; Dora, residing in Wimbledon; William, deceased; Arthur, who lives in 40 MY NATIVE LAND

California; Edward, who also resides in California; and Linda of Wimble­ don. Mr. Kuhlmann died in 1924. ERIK LAWSON Erik Lawson was born in Sweden in 1872. He came to America as a young man in' 1892, stopping at Chicago where he worked ior a couple of years before coming to Leal, North Dakota. Mr. Lawson filed on his homestead in 1896, the southwest quarter of section thirty in Uxbridge Township. In 1908 he was united in marriage to Ida Grondahl, who was born in a sod shanty in Cass County. To this union were born five children, Etha, who now resides at Amidon; Thomas Wentworth, who lives at Upham; Bernhart, who is residing at Lostwood; Avery Merle, deceased; and Lillian of Valley City. Mr. Lawson lived in Minneapolis for three years from 1908 to 1911, where he was in business. He was an outstanding man in many respects. Mr. Lawson passed away at his farm home in 1920.

SAMUEL H. LOWE Samuel H. Lowe was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1864. He came to the United States as a young man about 1890, coming to Wahpeton, where he worked for a few years. Mr. Lowe filed on a homestead in Uxbridge town­ ship in 1894, the southeast quarter of section 32. A few years later, how­ ever, he moved with his family to their farm home on section 5 in Brimer township, where he lived until his death in 1913. Mr. Lowe was united in marriage to Elizabeth Treitline in 1899. To this union were born eight children, Alfred, deceased; Margaret Nellie of Jamestown; Mary, who now resides at Beresford, South Dakota; Alice, who lives at Los Angeles, Cali­ fornia; Samuel Francis of Kensal; Lenora, who lives at Bismarck; Agnes, living at Wimbledon; and Kathryn of Wimbledon.

THOMAS E. MCMILLAN Thomas E. McMillan was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1867. When still a young man, he moved with his wife and family to North Dakota in 1899, and settled in Uxbridge township on the southwest quarter of section 9, where he still lives at the present time. When Mr. McMillan came to Uxbridge there were still very few buildings and roads were uncommon. He tells how in 1899, when he built the house that he is still living in, he used the North star to aid him in squaring off the site. Mr. McMillan has a diary that he has kept since 1888 and now consists of fourteen books. T. E. McMillan married Luella Bassett in 1892. To this union were born seven children, Elsie, now living in Ohio; Clarence, who in 1917 enlisted in the United States army, passed away in 1920; Frank, who still resides in Uxbridge township, living on the northeast quarter of section 16; Alma, who now lives in Idaho; George, principal of the Sydney, Montana, high school; Clifford, principal of the Eatonville, Washington, high school; Kenneth, MY NATIVE LAND 41

passed away in 1935; and Vera, adopted, living in Grand Forks. Mr. Mc­ Millan's brother, Isaac, came to live with them in 1914 and has made that his home since. Isaac McMillan was born in Eastern Canada in 1865. Mr. McMillan has always operated a large farm. In the year 1917, he built a T-shaped barn which was the largest in the county. This structure burned to the ground in 1930. Twenty-two head of horses and twenty-six head of cattle perished in the fire. His horses were some of the most beautiful in the country. It was truly a grand scene to be present on the farm at the time that the hired men would be getting ready to go to the fields. Usually five teams would be outfitted for plowing or harvesting. It was a grand sight to see always those five outfits at work. Mr. McMillan threshed with the same steam engine for twenty-two years, from 1905 to 1927. It was the last steam outfit to operate in Uxbridge. In reference to threshing, Mr. Mc­ Millan tells the story about one late fall in 1915. He finished threshing that year about the middle of November and on the 17th of the month, brought the threshing crew to Wimbledon in a bob sleigh. Mr. McMillan was a member of the School Board for fourteen years, from 1905 to 1919. He was also township assessor for fourteen years. GEORGE OGLESBY George Oglesby was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1863. He and his brother Samuel came to Dakota Territory when but young men in 1884. They walked to their father's homestead on the northwest quarter of section 18 in Uxbridge township from Sanborn, a distance of about twenty miles. On their way from Sanborn they met Joseph Christ, who offered them a ride if they would ride with him back to Sanborn first. They refused to do this and continued on their way. Soon they met another Uxbridge pioneer, J. J. Bascom, who, too, offered them the same kind of a ride, but they preferred to walk rather than to do that. Young George worked on the R. C. Cooper ranch near Cooperstown from 1887 to 1891, and the following year worked on the construction of the Soo Line near the present site of Rogers. Then in 1892, he filed on a homestead in Uxbridge Township, the northeast quarter of section 30. Mr. Oglesby tells the story about one day in 1884, when he was driving to Sanborn, he saw a little herd of sixteen antelope in the southeast corner of the township. When the antelope saw him, they quickly loped across the prairie and out of sight. He also tells an interesting story about David Walks, Sr, the father of James Walks. This incident occurred about 1888, near the present site of the Green farm in Brimer township. David Walks had the government contract to deliver the mail from Sanborn to Uxbridge township each Saturday. J. J. Bascom was the postmaster at the time and the post office was in his house. That certain Saturday afternoon when Mr. Walks had reached the present site of the Green farm a terrible blizzard arose. He attempted to find shelter in an old granary that stood by, but found 42 MY NATIVE LAND it locked. Then he decided that he would turn his one-horse open sleigh up-side-down and crawl under. When he would become too cold, he would get out from under the sleigh and run around the granary a number of times and then again crawl under the sleigh. The next morning Mrs. Bascom said to Mr. Walks, "I understand you had a narrow escape Saturday night." Mr. Walks replied, "No, I didn't escape at all I stayed right there." George Oglesby married Bertha Lee on Christmas Day, 1892. To this union were born four children, Arthur, who is living at the present time on his father's farm, the southeast quarter of section 20; Elmer, passed away; Isabel, staying at home; and Melvin, living at Minot. Mr. Oglesby's wife died in 1911. The same year his uncle, Samuel Oglesby, died. His father, George Oglesby, Sr, died in 1908. George Oglesby, Sr, filed a homestead in Uxbridge township in 1883. In that year, he and his brother, Samuel, and his son, Francis, came to Dakota Territory along with a large group from Uxbridge, Canada, a small village lying about forty miles north of Toronto. It was in that year that the first child was born in the township. This child was born to Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kein in a house that stood on the same site as the present George Oglesby farm-house. The child was named Early Kein in honor of the early pioneers of that day. At that time Dazey was the nearest town and Sanborn, Valley City, Jamestown, and Coopers­ town were other nearby towns. Mr. Oglesby states that he walked to Valley City several times. Mr. Oglesby was a member of the school board, eleven years; of the township board, sixteen years; and was bank director of the Merchants National Bank, five years.

SAMUEL OGLESBY Samuel Oglesby was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 1865. He came to Dakota Territory as a young man in 1884, stopping off at Sanborn, where his father was to meet him. His father had come to Dakota the previous year, homesteading in Uxbridge township on the northwest quarter of section 18. After a few years working about in the township, Mr. Oglesby in 1888, filed on the southeast quarter of section 10. Two years later, in 1890, he was united in marriage to Marion M. Noxon, daughter of Philip W. Noxon, who died in 1915. To this union were born two children, Fred, residing in Niagara Falls, New York, and Gladys, now Mrs. George Stiles, who lives on her father's homestead in Uxbridge township. In 1891, Mr. Oglesby in partnership with Philip Noxon purchased one of the first threshing machines, and every year since that date, he has threshed his own crops. And not only did he thresh for himself, but for his neighbors miles around. He often tells about the first year that they had the machine. After threshing most of the grain that fall in his neighborhood, he and Mr. Noxon moved the machine north of Dazey and around Walum where they threshed that winter during the months of January and February. There was a big crop in Dakota that year, and MY NATIVE LAND 43

Mr. Oglesby said that he harvested his crop with oxen, which he farmed with until the spring of 1897. At that time they hauled their grain to Dazey with ox teams. They would start early in the morning, often in the winter, with a load of wheat for Dazey, returning at all hours of the night. Mr. Oglesby states that his change to horses in the spring of 1897 was almost a forced move. In 1896, the country was completely hailed out. There was not a straw to feed the livestock for that coming winter, so he had to sell his oxen, as did many of the others. The winter of 1896 and 1897, however, proved to be one of the coldest and severest winters recorded in Dakota history. Mr. Oglesby had the first automobile in Uxbridge township. This car was purchased from the More Brothers in 1907. It was an air-cooled Richmond and cost nearly a thousand dollars. He tells about the slow speed of the car at fifteen and twenty miles an hour and of all the trouble he had with it. One day as he was coming home from Valley City a front wheel came off and he and his wife fell out of the car not knowing just what had hap­ pened. Mr. Oglesby is a member of the Uxbridge township board, having served on that board continuously since 1915, and he is also a member of the State Legislature. He was elected to that office in 1932, and re-elected in 1934, 1936 and 1938.

PETER RUMER Peter Rumer was born in Germany in 1869. In 1886, when he was but a youth of sixteen, he came to America, landing in Jamestown, Dakota Territory. That year he went to work for his brother-in-law Fred Mutsch- ler. The following year he worked on the Lorenz Arms farm. Then in the year of 1889, he worked on the Anton Fried farm. For the next three years, Mr. Rumer worked on the old O'Brien Ranch near Jamestown, which was then managed by Mr. Craig. In May, 1894, Mr. Rumer filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township, the northeast quarter of section 32. Mr. Rumer tells many interesting stories about the early days, when there were no roads, but Indian trails and buffalo paths, no fences or telephone poles to follow, when one became lost in a blizzard, or not many buildings that one might see a light in on a dark summer night, when one would be alone on the prairie. He tells the story about the cold, early winter of 1895 and 1896. It snowed early that fall and the snow stayed all winter. The weather caught most of the homesteaders without much coal in their bins and with lots of threshing still to be done. That fall about the latter part of October, he tells how J. F. Treitline, Samuel Lowe and himself went to Wimbledon to get food and fuel. They rigged up two horse-outfits and would take turns in breaking the road ahead of one another, for the horses would become tired plowing through the deep snow without a road to follow. Many of the snowdrifts that winter were fifteen feet deep, which covered most of the small barns at that time. Mr. Rumer tells of one man that became lost one dark night, so this man decided to let his horses go by 44 MY NATIVE LAND

themselves, thus feeling that they would find their way home. All of a sudden the team stopped and the man began to wonder where he was. Just at that time, the hired man happened to be out in the barn doing the night's chores. When he heard the horses' hoofs on the roof of the barn, he became frightened and called, "Who's there." The man then realized that he had reached his own home in safety. Mr. Rumer stated that he had built a fence around his barn to keep his horses and cattle off the roof. Peter Ru­ mer married Alwina Treitline in 1893, and to this union were born eight children. Frank, who is now in charge of the Methodist church at Williston; Laura, now Mrs. A. L. Joos, who lives in Uxbridge township on the north­ west quarter of section 17; Edwin, who resides on his father's home farm, the northeast quarter of section 32; Hilda, living in Valley City; Alvina, living near Courtenay; Carl, who is living in Uxbridge township on the northeast quarter of section 31; Elizabeth, now Mrs. John Christ, who lives on the southeast quarter of section 21, the Old Homestead Stock Farm of John Christ, Sr.; and Lucille, now Mrs. Richard Offner, who, too, is living in Uxbridge township on the southwest quarter of section 28, long known as the G. R.. Christ farm. Mr. Rumer was a member of the Township board for 19 years, from 1915 to 1934, and a member of the school board for about 13 years. He was a director of the Merchants National Bank of Wimbledon from 1918 to 1923, when it closed. At the present time, he is treasurer and a director of the Wimbledon Prairie View Cemetery Association. In the fall of 1936, Mr. and Mrs. Rumer moved to their home in Wimbledon.

FRANK STEPHEN TREITLINE Frank Stephen Treitline was born in Germany in 1831. He came to America when but a young man about 1855, landing in the state of Illinois where he lived for several years before moving with his family to the state of Wisconsin. He was a Civil War veteran from that state. In 1887, he migrated with his family to Dakota territory and in that year filed a homestead in Uxbridge township on the southwest quarter of section 32. He built a sod shanty on his homestead which burned down the following year. He then lived for a short time on the northwest quarter of section 6 in Brimer township and later removed to his homestead quarter, where his son William now lives. His son, J. F. Treitline tells of an interesting story about the night that his father was lost in a blizzard on January fifth, 1889. His father had gone with a team and a load of grain to Spiritwood a distance of about twelve miles. On his way home that night he was caught in a severe snow storm and lost his way. His father, therefore, let the horses go, thinking that they would find their way home. The team finally came to an old hay stack about three quarters of a mile north of the farm and there stopped. Then when morning came and the storm had let up considerably, his father knew where they were and reached home in safety. Mr. Treit­ line married Margruet Thain in 1860 and to this union were born nine MY NATIVE LAND 45

children, Mary Kuhlmann, Caroline Christ, Christine Juon, Mary Joos, Dora, deceased, Alwina Rumer, Frank, now living in Wimbledon, William, who lives on his father's homestead, and Elizabeth Lowe. All of the children were born in Illinois. Mr. Treitline died in Uxbridge township in 1903. His son John Frank Treitline filed on a homestead in Uxbridge township in 1897, the northeast quarter of section 32. FRANK L. WIDDIFIELD Frank L. Widdifield was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1869. He came to North Dakota in 1892, in an immigrant car loaded with household goods and horses. Mr. Widdifield filed on a homestead in Uxbridge town­ ship in 1893, the southwest quarter of section 12, where he made his home until 1918, when he moved to Leal. In 1894, he was united in marriage to Alice Gertrude Bascom, at Valley City. To this union seven children were born, Bernice, now Mrs. Milton Willson of Valley City, whose husband was a member of the Uxbridge school board from 1924 until 1933; Gertrude, who resides in Van Nuys, California; Florence, now living at Elbow Lake, Minnesota; Russell, who is County Agent at Carson; Gordon, who is County Agent at Park River; Wallace, who is at the State College in Mississippi; and Mary, who is now teaching in Crookston, Minnesota. Mrs. Widdifield died in 1921. Mr. Widdifield was a member of the Uxbridge school board for thirteen years, from 1905 to 1918, when he resigned.. ANDREW L. WILLSON Andrew L. Willson was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 1868. He came to Dakota Territory as a youth of seventeen in 1885, stopping off at Sanborn. He said that when he arrived at the depot there was no one there to meet him, as he had come rather unexpectedly, and therefore, had to walk from Sanborn to his destination in Edna township. His mother, Mrs. Huldah Willson, who passed away in 1922, and a part of the family had preceeded him to Dakota the previous year, settling in Edna township near the present site of Leal. Mr. Willson's father had died some years before in Canada .At first Mr. Willson made his home with his mother and brothers, Morris, who died in 1937, Warren, who is now living in Minneapolis, Frank, and Fleazar, who are living in California, and George, who died in 1938, and his one sister, Elizabeth, who is now Mrs. Edward Lundy of Saskatchewan, Canada. Then about 1890, he filed on a homestead in Ander­ son township, the SE]/i of Section 6, where he lived until he purchased Section 25 in Uxbridge township. In 1910, Mr. Willson built a beautiful farm home on the Northeast quarter of that section. The house was built at a cost of $15,000, and is one of the largest and finest farm homes in the state. At one time, Mr. Willson owned and farmed two sections of land in Ux­ bridge township. He produced large herds of Shorthorn cattle and had from thirty to forty head of beautiful Percheron horses. Mr. Willson still lives on his farm. He stated that he is the only one of his family still living in North Dakota. V^enerol Ourveu ot Uxbridgqee ocnool District

Public free schools were established in America as early as the seventeenth century. Education has grown with the nation. George Wash­ ington and Thomas Jefferson were both strong advocates of free schools. In 1787, the Northwest Ordinance made definite provisions for the means and support of public schools. Then in 1848, when the survey of the Oregon country was made, Congress ordered that the sections numbered 16 and 36 in every township be reserved for the support of schools, and when in 1862, upon the passage of the Homestead Act, these sections were not subject to homestead.

Uxbridge Consolidated School

The Enabling Act, approved by Congress February 22, 1889, also provided for a uniform system of free public schools and set aside sections numbered 16 and 36 in every township for the support of these schools, and that none of this land should ever be sold for less than ten dollars per acre. We are greatly indebted to General William H. H. Beadle, then Territory Superintendent of Education, for the last provision in this act. He worked hard on this provision that our school lands should not be sold for little or nothing.

46 MY NATIVE LAND 47

The first schools on the Dakota prairies were held in the homes of the pioneers. The terms were very short, usually about three months during the summer. The first frame school house built, in North Dakota was at Pembina in 1876. Before this date, however, there were several shanty schools scattered throughout the prairies. Uxbridge School District was organized on Tuesday, June 13, 1882, at a meeting held in the David Walks's residence located on the Northeast quarter of Section 22. Those present at this meeting were David Walks, Joseph J. Bascom, John A. Plank and James E. Walks. John A. Plank was chosen as chairman, David Walks was elected director; James E. Walks was elected clerk; and Joseph J. Bascom was elected treasurer. These men were then known as the Board of School Trustees. School opened on Monday, April 16, 1883, and continued for six months. Levi Phillips was also chairman in 1882, and Donald Ross acted as chairman once in 1883. The director usually acted as chairman at meetings. The following men have served as members of the Uxbridge School Board: David Walks (Deceased) 1882-1890 Joseph J. Bascom 1882-1896 James E. Walks (Deceased) 1882-1895 Philip W. Noxon 1890 Thomas Flewell 1891-1897 Christian Christ (Resigned) 1895-1909 Samuel Oglesby 1896-1905 August E. Darkenwald. 1897-1906 Frank L. Widdifield. 1905-1918 George B. Simpson (Deceased) 1906-1913 Peter Rumer 1909 Thomas E. McMillan .1909-1919 George Oglesby 1913-1924 Anton Christ.. 1918-1924 August Arvidson (Deceased) 1919-1923 Peter Rumer 1923-1932 Milton Willson 1924-1933 Mrs. T. E. McMillan 1925-1928 A. L. Joos 1928-1934 John Kuhlmann (Now in) 1932-1941 Alfred Ernie (Now in) 1933-1943 N. J, Clemens (Now in) 1934-1942 Members of old School District No. 50: Frank S. Treitline (Died in 1903) John Knecht 1901-1907 Bert Christy 1903-1906 Noah Jarvis (Resigned) 1903-1909 48 MY NATIVE LAND

Kasper Whitling (Resigned) 1905-1909 Thomas E. McMillan (Resigned) 1906-1909 Clarence Sherwin was clerk of this board for many years. Floy Moore of Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada, was the first teacher in the Uxbridge schools. Her salary was $30 per month, and the bin was filled with coal. The school was located on the northwest quarter of section 23. The following children attended that first school: William Bascom, Alice Bascom, Helen Bascom, Mary Bascom, Margaret Walks, Susie Walks, David Walks, Robert Walks, Eva Plank, Lula Plank, Mary Hilborn, John Hilborn, Fred Hilborn, Alpha Marsh, Nellie Marsh, and Laura Marsh. Delia Hilborn taught the following year, 1884. Other teachers were: 1885, Margaret McKay; 1886-1889, William O. Butler; 1890, Andrew Thurston; 1891, Rachel Morgart, James W. Osborn, Robert Strang; 1892, Alice Bascom; 1893-1894, Jennie Foster; 1895, Mary Woodcock Carr; 1896, Nellie Marsh; 1897, Fannie Brown; 1898-1899, Mary Sherburne; 1900, Edwina Knecht; 1901-1903, Grace Lee; 1904, Jennie Henderson; 1905, Seymour G. Piatt; Flora Brock; 1906, M. J. Henderson; 1907-1908, Katherine V. Sherry; 1909, the last year of school in the old one-room building there were two teachers, Katherine V. Sherry and Eva M. White. This was in school district No. 41. In Uxbridge school district No. 50 there were two schools. One located on the northwest quarter of section 4 and later moved to the northwest quarter of section 8 and the other was on the northwest quarter of section 29 and later moved to the southwest quarter of section 32. It must be noted here that until 1909, sections 4, 5, and 6 of Brimer township were attached to Uxbridge School District No. 50. The Sherwin children, Wesley, Raymond and Wells, at­ tended from Brimer township. Lillie Keim was the first teacher in this south school. She taught there in 1884 and 1885. In the north school, Tillie Noecker was the first teacher in 1895. Other north school teachers were 1896, James F. Dailey; 1897-1898, L.. M. McGaughey; 1899, J. M. Joos; 1900, Edwin C. Knecht, Minnie Morden; 1901, Edwina Knecht; 1902, Clara Pres­ cott, Susie Wessell; 1903, Edwina Knecht; 1904, Clara Prescott; 1905, Bessie Parkins, Anna Collins. Other teachers in the south school were: 1899, Edwina C. Knecht; 1903, Jennie Sloan, Myrtle Fairbanks; 1904-06, Nelson A. Mason; 1907, Anna Abarr, Julia O'Brien; 1908, Celia Keating, Nelson A. Mason. There may have been other teachers in these rural schools that I have not been able to record. Early School District No. 50 included all the sections of the west half of Uxbridge township and those three north sections of Brimer township mentioned above. Early District No. 41 was comprised of eighteen sections on the east half of Uxbridge township. Both school districts at that time had its own separate school officers. When in 1909 they decided to consolidate the two districts, three of the then six school board officers had to resign, and the three north sections of Brimer township were dropped. The districts voted on the question, May 4, 1909, the vote being 18-10 in favor of consolidation. The MY NATIVE LAND 49 entire Uxbridge township then became School District No. 41. Those members of the old boards that resigned were Noah Jarvis, Thomas E. McMillan, and Kasper Wittling of District No. 50, and Christian Christ of District No. 41. In fact, four members resigned. Then the County Super­ intendent, Minnie J. Nielson, appointed Peter Rumer, as the third member of the new school board for the new Consolidated District No. 41. Mr. Rumer then acted on the board with Frank L. Widdifield and George B. Simpson, until after the June election of 1909, at which time T. E. McMillan was replaced on the board. Mr. McMillan served on the board until 1919. Mr. Widdifield served until 1918, and Mr. Simpson served until his death in 1913. Following Mr. Simpson's death, the vacancy was filled by the appointment of George Oglesby, who served on the board until 1924. The new consolidated school building was completed in the summer of 1909, and that fall on September 6th, it opened. The first teachers were Joseph F. Taylor, principal, and Ruth E. Prime. There was no high school the first term. In 1910, a third teacher, Amelia Gustofson, was added to the faculty and the first year of high school began. The following year, Carrie N. Green and Freda Maurer were elected to the faculty, replacing Ruth E. Prime and Amelia Gustofson, who had resigned. Freda Maurer stayed but one year. In the fall of 1912, Alma H. Berg replaced Freda Maurer and Mona E. Cannell a fourth member was added to the faculty. In the year of 1913, Mrs. Nettie Skidmore replaced Alma Berg as primary teacher, and Hazel B. Baker replaced Carrie Green as teacher in the inter­ mediate room. Mr. Taylor resigned the principalship in the spring of 1915. Mr. Taylor was succeeded by Henry H. Hanson, who was principal for one year, 1915-1916. Other principals were: 1916-1917, Raymond W.. McLees: 1917-1918, Frank E. Green; 1918-1919, V. A. Watson; 1919-1920, Maurice C. Kuhlmann; 1920-1921, Charles Hanson, who was the first principal to live in the teacherage, which was built during the summer of 1920. The present steam heating system was installed in the school building that same year. Members of the school board that year were Anton Christ, George Oglesby and August Arvidson. August Arvidson died in 1923, while a member of the board. The wind-charger was installed in 1940. From 1921 to 1923, A. M. Sanderson was principal. He was succeeded by the following: 1923-24, D. M. Dukeman and Sofia Austfjord; 1924-1925, Edward Boehm and Nathan W. Cummings; 1925 to 1934, James DeSchneau; 1934-1935, John J. Cosgrove; 1935-1937, Leslie Taylor; 1937-1939, Cecil B. Risser; and at the present time, 1939-1940, Robert T. Arvidson is principal. The Uxbridge Consolidated School has had the following teachers in the grades: Ruth E. Prime. 1909-1911 Amelia Gustofson 1910-1911 Freda Maurer 1911-1912 Carrie N. Green 1911-1913 50 MY NATIVE LAND

Mona E. Cannell 1912-1918 Alma H. Berg 1912-1913 Nettie Skidmore 1913-1918 Hazel B. Baker 1913-1916 Eva C. Dingle 1916-1917 Ruby Gregerson .1917-1918 M. D. Christensen 1918-1919 Marion H. Messer 1918-1919 Bonna Harvey 1918-1919 Grace Oberg 1919-1922 Josephine Tilly 1919-1920 Frances Malicke 1919-1920 Amelia E. Miller 1920-1922 Elsie Burch 1920-1921 Anna Dahl 1921-1922 Dorothy Dierauer 1922-1925 Clarence F. Norlander 1922-1924 Marie McCabe 1922-1925 Florence Widdifield 1923-1927 Laura Mae Peterson 1925-1926 Olga Hanson 1925-1927 Grace B. Spokely 1926-1927 Agnes Hansen 1925-1927 Mary Deardorff 1927-1931 Miss Griffith 1927-1928 Harriet B. Witcher 1927-1928 Amy Gates Sisk 1928-1930 Cecilia M. Schwehr 1928-1934 Edna Stephan 1930-1937 Bernice Stephan 1931-1933 Mable Ringwall 1934-1937 Cecil B. Risser 1934-1936 Ada Taylor 1936-1937 Allan Petersen 1937-1939 Claudine Swenson 1937-1938 Audrey Johnson 1938-1939 Lola Hegle 1939-1940 Friedaricka Lettenmaier 1939-1940

UXBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL Enrollment in Uxbridge High School began in September, 1910, with Joseph F. Taylor as the first principal of the school. The other teacher in the school was Ruth E. Prime. Students enrolled in the high school at MY NATIVE LAND 51 the first years of its beginning were as follows: Carrie Christ, Rudolph Christ, Gilbert Darkenwald, Adolph Grover, Clarence McMillan, Marie Myron, Elsie McMillan, Gladys Prime, Eunice Wynes, Bernice Widdifield, Harold Willson, Wesley Sherwin, Leonard Christ, George Darkenwald, Frank McMillan, Frank Rumer, Laura Rumer, Gertrude Widdifield, Bernice Wynes, Martha Vie, Percy Willson, Adolph Christ, and Ida Simpson. There were many other children enrolled in the grades during these first years of consolidation, most of them coming from the old Uxbridge school districts numbers 41 and 50. The Consolidated School District became District 41. It is of interest to note here that the last teachers in the old one-room rural schools are still today quite close to us. Miss Katherine V. Sherry, the last teacher in old School District number 41, is now Mrs. Anton Christ, who lives with her husband and family in Uxbridge township. Nelson A. Mason, the last teacher in old School District number 50, is a practicing attorney at Bismarck, North Dakota. Since his teaching days, he resided at Wimbledon, North Dakota, for a few years, then in 1917 he became private secretary for Governor Lynn J. Frazier, and in 1923, accompanied Senator Frazier to Washington, acting as his secretary. This position he held until 1932, when he returned to Bismarck to begin his law practice. Two other early teach­ ers that are of local interest to us today were Miss Edwina Knecht and William O. Butler. The latter was one of the first teachers in Uxbridge township. He taught the school in District 41 for a longer period of years than any other teacher, 1886 to 1889. Thus being the last pioneer teacher in the township. Mr. Butler was born in the state of Maine in 1863 and was a graduate of the Farmington, Maine, Normal School. He came to Dakota Territory as a young man in 1882. A few years later he was united in marriage to Catharine Walks. To this union was born one son, George Walks. Mr. Butler passed away in 1891, at the early age of twenty-eight. Miss Edwina Knecht, who taught in District 41 in 1900 and in District 50 in 1901, is, after several years of teaching, now employed as secretary of the Wim­ bledon Cooperative Creamery at Wimbledon, North Dakota. She is also a member of the present Wimbledon School Board. Many of the other early school teachers are still well known to the pioneers of this community.

Uxbridge Basketball The Uxbridge Consolidated School has from its beginning been a mecca for basketball. In 1917, the school won the first Barnes county champion­ ship in basketball, repeating again the following year, thereby winning the first Barnes County Basketball Trophy to be awarded to any team. The first coach of the aggregation was Raymond W. McLees, who was then prin­ cipal of the school and later president of the School of Forestry at Bottineau. He has since passed away. The coach of the 1918 aggregation, however, was Frank E. Green, who was at that time principal of the Uxbridge school. The main team, in 1917, was composed of Arthur Oglesby and Elmer Ogles- 52 MY NATIVE LAND by at the forward positions, Robert Christ at center, and Frank McMillan and Edwin Christ at the guard positions. Other members of the team were Nels Arvidson, Adolph Christ, Everett Skidmore, Elmer Clayton, Oscar Darkenwald, Clarence McMillan, and Russel Willson. In the following year, the membership of the team changed but little. Clarence McMillan and Everett Skidmore were lost, through graduation, and Adolph Christ, Elmer Clayton and Oscar Darkenwald were not in school. New members of the 1918 squad were Wilmot Flewell, George McMillan, Eric Arvidson, Edwin Rumer and Richard Christ. Probably many of you re­ member that these were the years of the World War. I well remember our coach and principal in 1919, V. A. Watson, who wore his military uniform to school many days during that year. He was from the state of Missouri and had a southern accent.

Seated left to right: Edward Christ, Arthur Oglesby, Robert Christ, Elmer Oglesby. Standing left to right: Wilmot Flewell, Frank McMillan, Frank Green, coach, Nels Arvidson and Eric Arvidson.

UXftftlDo-^ -HICT-H SCHOOL

JOSEPH F. TAYLOR ROBERT T. ARVIDSON First principal of the Uxbridge Principal of the Uxbridge Con­ Consolidated School solidated School (1939-1940) MY NATIVE LAND 53

Members of the First Uxbridge High School Class — Sept, 1910, Carrie Christ Marie Myron Rudolph Christ Gladys Prime Gilbert Darkenwald Wesley Sherwin Adolph Grover Bernice Widdifield Clarence McMillan Harold Willson Elsie McMillan Eunice Wynes Members of the Second Consolidated Grammar Grade Class — Sept, 1910

Adolph Christ Frank Rumer Leonard Christ Laura Rumer George Darkenwald Gertrude Widdifield Frank McMillan Bernice Wynes Members of the Fourth Consolidated Grammar Grade Class — Sept, 1912

Nels Arvidson Viola Christ Edith Brundage August Darkenwald Amanda Christ Viola Etter Edwin Christ Alma McMillan Robert Christ Ida Simpson

Uxbridge High School Graduates as of June, 1940: Class of 1914 Class of 1924 Carrie Christ Margaret Arvidson Bernice Widdifield Class of 1925 Class of 1915 Robert Arvidson Gertrude Widdifield Josephine Christ Class of 1917 Lenora Lowe Alma McMillan Hilda Rumer Clarence McMillan Class of 1926 Everett Skidmore Ruth Arvidson Class of 1918 Class of 1928 Myrtle Turter Marie Arvidson Class of 1919 Class of 1929 Iona Darkenwald Agnes Lowe Louise Darkenwald Ursula Sisk Class of 1921 Class of 1930 Evelyn Darkenwald Lloyd Kuhlmann George McMillan Class of 1931 Class of 1922 Ruth Kuhlmann Anna Christ Kenneth McMillan Alice Lowe Luverne Radke 54 MY NATIVE LAND

Class of 1932 Class of 1935 Edna Darkenwald Leo Radke Herbert Darkenwald Vera McMillan Mervin Radke Kenneth Treitline Lucille Rumer Willard Treitline Flora Williams Class of 1936 Class of 1934 Andrew Joos Charles Bloedel Class of 1937 Hilton Christ Delbert Bloedel Eleanor Darkenwald Ruby Joos Marshall Darkenwald Elayne Wilde Merrill Kuhlmann Lowell Williams Hazel Mickaelson Class of 1940 Alfred Williams Lorraine Gospodor Harvey Wolff Eileen Kuhlmann

OUR THEME "We'll Win For Uxbridge High" OUR COLORS Red and Blue OUR YELL Fight, Team, Fight

SCHOOL SONGS Melody: "Long, Long, Trail" With the red and blue before us, We'll go right over the top. With the spirit there to guide us, We will never stop. With a cheer we'll all charge onward, And with a cheer we'll break through. For dear old Uxbridge High School, We are fight, fight, fighting for you.

Our Boys Will Shine To-night Our boys will shine tonight, Our boys will shine. Our boys will shine to-night, All down the line. They're all dressed up to-night; Don't they look fine! When the sun goes down, And the moon comes up, Uxbridge will shine. MY NATIVE LAND 55

BOARD OF EDUCATION John Kuhlmann President N. J. Clemens Director Alfred Ernie Director Frank McMillan Clerk Russel Guscette Treasurer

FACULTY Robert T. Arvidson Principal Lola M. Hegle Upper Grades Friedaricka Lettenmaier Lower Grades Clarence Wilde Janitor Mrs. Clarence Wilde Teacherage

ENROLLMENT — 1939-1940 High School Lorraine Gospodor Douglas Oglesby Eileen Kuhlmann Norbert Rebhahn Beatrice Gospodor Norman Oglesby Dorhn Kuhlmann Iola Rebhahn Kenneth Suby

Upper Grades Howard McMillan Arthur Oglesby Frances Oglesby Luella Rebhahn Robert Christ Don Rumer Genevieve Gospodor Robert Engles Russell McMillan Donald Rebhahn Ardel Rumer

Lower Grades Edward Christ Elverna Oglesby Clara McMillan Eileen Rebhahn Rose Oglesby Frederick Arvidson Alfred Rebhahn Lyle Guscette Verna Christ Phyllis Arvidson Virginia Christ Barbara Christ Elaine Christ Betty Christ Bernard Gospodor Ardella Oglesby Leonard McMillan Marilyn Rebhahn I be I omb ot the Unknown ooldie r

World War Oervice Pecord April 6, 1917 November 11, 1918 LEONARD CHRIST HENRY KNECHT ROBERT CHRIST ARTHUR KUHLMANN RUDOLPH CHRIST JACOB KNECHT CHARLES JARVIS CLARENCE McMILLAN WESLEY SHERWIN

War (It appears today, as in the days of old, that the prophesy of Isaiah (They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into prun- inghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.) shall never become a realization. Yet, shall the voice of peace ever be heard over the civilized world, echoing the misery, privation, tribulation and destruction of war.) War, the curse of mankind; War, the doom of life, Where nations falter in dust And men die in strife. War, the gift of the gods; War, the pangs of the heart, When the guilty are made to be free And the innocent forced to depart. War, the call of the soul; War, the cross of the brave, Who on the field of battle Are sent to an untimely grave. War, the despair of hope; War, the altar of blood Upon whose unjust mercy The destiny of nations stood. War, the victor of reason; War, the challenge of man, Has cast its gloom for ages Over the sea and the land. War, the shadow of the night; War, the fear of the day, Will ever cause the world to tremble Till humanity has passed away. —R. T. A. Ldosinq Words The all-time low prices of 1932, the severe drought and heat of 1934, the unwarranted rust of 1935, the driest-on-irecord and dust storms of 1936, and, the grasshopper scourge of 1938, all played their tragic parts in making the past decade one of the worst in Dakota history. Foreign wars, too, have cast their tragic role in human suffering and travail. Yet, hope springs eternal to those who still have faith in Dakota and the world. In the twenty- one years from 1910 to 1930, inclusive, there were but six minor crop fail­ ures. In 1914, an average year for example, wheat sold for $1.07; oats, 42c; barley, 48c; rye, 95c; flax, $1.43, and corn, 50c. In 1932, however, just for com­ parison, wheat sold for 29c; oats, 5c; barley, 7c; rye, 15c; flax, 85c; and, corn, 20c. Mortgages reached their peak in North Dakota about 1921, with a total of about 300 million dollars. The amount has been on the decline ever since. Hail and crop insurance and planned economy will play a large part in the future to restore confidence. Prices of farm commodities are on the up-grade and better farming methods are being practiced. People are again paying taxes and holding their farms. These are days of opportunity for this country — not days of fear. We know that peace and contentment will come, and when they do a modernized American life will be needed to help rebuild a depleted world .... "Watchman, what of the night?" — "The morning comes." It always has. It always will. Be ready to take your rightful place in it.

R. T. ARVIDSON Wimbledon and Vicinitij

RALPH "BABE" DRESSER H. M. STROUD C. EUGENE DRESSER Spiritwood Wimbledon Banker and Business Spiritwood man since 1906

CHARLES PETERSON N. J. CLEMENS Leal merchant since 1905 President of the North Drkota Winter Show

SAMUEL OGLESBY ANTON PRIED JOHN L. MORE State Representative of the (1861-1934) Wimbledon pioneer businessman 15th Legislative District Early Wimbledon pioneer and since 1894 businessman. Came to Dakota in 1879. Entered business in 1S92 Volleu Citi

M. J. ENGLERT District Judge of the First Ju dicial District

FRED J. FREDRICKSON HERMAN STERN State Senator of the 15th Legis­ Valley City businessman and lative District and Mayor of founder and President of the Valley City since 1928 Greater North Dakota Association

L. T. SPR0UL City Attorney of Valley City

KARL OLSEN THOMAS X. CALNAN Philanthropist nd Valley City Barnes County Agricultural merchant since 1907 Agent since 1913 Jamestc

LEWIS T. ORLADY Prominent Jamestown business­ man and 1940 Republican Can­ didate for Governor

PERRY V. JOHNSON JOHN KNAUF Mayor of the City of Jamestown Attorney-at-Law and one of the leading citizens of Jamestown since 1892

P. W. EDDY Jamestown businessman since 1905. Captain of Company H in Spanish - American War, 1898

ROBERT R. WOLFER PERCY M. HANSEN A leading Jamestown citizen and Editor of the Jamestown Sun banker. First Vice-President of since 1925 the Greater North Dakota As­ sociation tJnrncs v^otinti| v^out thoits

OLD BARNES COUNTY COURTHOUSE Built in 1881 at a cost of $21,900—Destroyed by fire July 14, 1924.

NEW BARNES COUNTY COURTHOUSE Authorized By Resolution Of The County Commissioners. September, 1924—Corner-Stone Laid August, 1925—Completed 1926.. The Barnes County Court House was built at a cost of $370,000, and was paid for as it was built with no indebtedness remaining. County Commissioners Frank Heimes — Chairman Martin A. Anderson Frank Oglesby H. R. Bruns A. J. Linn A. B. Ferguson — retired north Uokoto otote Oapitol

OLD STATE CAPITOL Built in 1883. Destroyed by fire Dec. 28, 1930

OUR STATE CAPITOL Built in 1932, complete in 1934. It is a 19- story structure built of Indiana limestone on a Wisconsin black granite base. The building, ex­ clusive of equipment, cost $2,000,000. Morth Dakota GTovernop s

FRANK WHITE (1857-1940) Governor (1901-1905) U. S. Treasurer JOHN MILLER (1921-1928) JOHN BURKE First Governor (1859-1937) (1889-1890) Governor (1907-1913) United States Treasurer (1913-1921)

WILLIAM LANGER (1886- ) Governor (1933-1934) LOUIS B. HANNA (1937-1939) JOHN N. MOSES (1861- ) (1885- ) Governor Governor (1913-1917) (1939- ) I he United otates Capitol

This is the United States Capitol in Washington, D. C. The location of the City of Washington and the capitol site were selected by George Washington in 1791. The Federal Building in Wall Street, New York City, served as the center of our first government in 1789. From 1790 to 1800, the State House in Philadelphia was the seat of our Federal government. The Government of the United States moved to Washington, D. C, in 1800. On August 24, 1814, the capitol was partly destroyed by fire, set by the British. The damage to the building was soon repaired. Washington was at first known by the name of the "Federal City." The structure is built of white marble. George Washington is the only President who never lived in the White House or in Washington, D. C. 'if' ii ft" T fu • *l

The White H OUSP

This is the President's house in Washington. George Washington was the one who selected the place in 1792, He died just a little after it was completed. John Adams was the first president to live in it, in 1800. In 1814, the British burned the house, and only the walls were left stand­ ing. The house was rebuilt and the stone was painted white to cover the stains from the fire. Thus the building has the name "White House." It is the home of the President and his family. The President's office is in this building also. The Flag is never raised over the White House when the President is away. I he Vvcishinqfon Monument "This stately memorial of the first President is an imposing obelisk of white marble and granite, over five hundred feet high and fifty-five feet square at the base, standing near the Potomac River, not far from the White House, in the city of Washington. The walls are fifteen feet thick, thus leaving a great hollow within, through which an elevator takes passengers to the top. The cornerstone was laid in 1848 but the great work was not completed until 1885. The venerable Robert C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts, who delivered the oration at the laying of the corner­ stone, performed the same part of the program at the dedication of the monument in 1885. We quote a few sentences from Winthrop's oration in 1848: 'Lay the cornerstone of a monument which shall adequately bespeak the gratitude of the whole American people to the illustrious Father of his Country. Build it to the skies; you can not outreach the loftiness of his principles. Found it upon the massive and eternal rock; you can not make it more enduring than his fame. Construct it of the peerless Parian marble; you can not make it purer than his life. Exhaust upon it the rules and principles of ancient and modern art; you can not make it more proportionate than his character.' 'reside nls

GEORGE WASHINGTON (1732-1799) First President of the United States (1789- 1797). "Heaven left him childless that a Nation might call him Father."

THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826) Author of the Declaration of Independence. Negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase of which North Dakota was a part. (These two docu­ ments along with the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Federal Constitution are the four great papers of United States History.)

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865) James Buchanan was President of the United States when Dakota Territory was organized on March 2, 1861. Abraham Lincoln, however, became President on March 4, and appointed William Jayne of Illinois, Governor of the Ter­ ritory.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) Theodore Roosevelt became owner of two ranches in Dakota Territory near Medora, and visited there several times as a young man in his twenties from 1883 to 1886. The brand of his Chimney Butte Ranch, seven miles south of Medora, was the Maltese Cross. The Elk- horn Ranch was thirty miles north of Medora.

WOODROW WILSON (18561924) Father of the League of Nations. "The whole purpose of democracy is that we may hold counsel with one another, so as not to depend upon the understanding of one man but to de­ pend upon the common counsel of all."

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (1882- ) The United States still stakes its faith in the democratic way of life. We believe in the representative form of government. We dare not close our eyes, however, to the fact that the only way in which that representative form of government can persist is through an edu cated electorate. l^ar-l tj>en Lielson When life's day has ended, And morning no longer shall dawn, Comes a pause in the annals of Dakota, To honor the work he has done. No mission was too sacred to bear it Throughout this broad state of ours; No voice was too silent to answer The call with garlands of flowers. To the North he flew in the darkness, Through fog, snow and despair, Knowing that God was his witness, That he was answering a prayer. Experience had taught him the lesson; Faith was ever his guide; Knowledge was not in the wanting, If it were he would not have tried. Just as the dusk was falling Upon that fatal night, A crash resounded in the mountains, Which ended that glorious flight. A search was the challenge put forward, No one asked a reward, They knew that in finding his body Their efforts were nobly restored. Soon came the farewell message From the ice-bound coast afar, Which summoned the nation to mourning, For him their Northern Star. Like the bird that soars toward heaven, Like the stream that winds to sea! Thy life has proven grateful. Our Pilot, hail to thee! —R. T. A. 68 MY NATIVE LAND 69

THE AMERICAN'S CREED (Written in 1917) I believe in the United States of America as a Government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, one and inseparable, established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it; to support its Constitution; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and to defend it against all enemies. —William Tyler Page. September 17, 1787.

PLEDGE TO THE FLAG "I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it stands; one Nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES George Washington 1789-1797 John Adams 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 James Madison 1809-1817 James Monroe 1817-1825 John Quincy Adams 1825-1829 Andrew Jackson 1829-1837 Martin Van Buren 1837-1841 William H. Harrison 1841-1841 John Tyler 1841-1845 James H. Polk 1845-1849 Zachary Taylor 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore 1850-1853 Franklin Pierce 1853-1857 James Buchanan 1857-1861 Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 Andrew Johnson 1865-1869 Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877 Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 James A. Garfield 1881-1881 Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885 Grover Cleveland 1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 Grover Cleveland 1893-1897 William McKinley 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Williarc H. Taft .1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Warren G. Harding .1921-1923 Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 Herbert C. Hoover 1929-1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933- 70 MY NATIVE LAND

A STATE CREED We believe in North Dakota, in the beauty of her skies, and in the glory of her prairies. We believe in the People of North Dakota, in their strength of Body and Mind, in their High Sense of Right, and in their Desire to establish a Great Commonwealth wherein the things that count for Human Welfare shall be first. We believe that by Thought and Act we can magnify our State and the Life of our People, bind the East and the West, the North and the South by Roadways, Communication and Good Will, and give our Sons and Daughters the Opportunity to Work at Useful Tasks within our borders. We pledge to those seeking new homes the Hand of Hospitality and extend to them a Welcome to our Commonwealth where they may find Peace and Happiness. We pledge that the freedom our Fathers won here and elsewhere shall continue as the Heritage of our Children. We, as a People, because of growing Intelligence and a Nobler Outlook, seek Unity of Purpose; we desire to lead a Richer Common Life, and hope to render a Larger Service to the State and the Nation. FRANK L. McVEY, President State University of N. D., 1909-1917

PREAMBLE OF OUR STATE CONSTITUTION We, the People of North Dakota, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, do ordain and establish this Consti­ tution.

STATE ELECTION DAYS Township Election Third Tuesday in March of each year. School Election First Tuesday in June of each year. Primary Election Last Wednesday in June of each even numbered year. General Election....First Tuesday after first Monday in November of each even-numbered year. Presidential Primary Election—None. Electors Qualifications: Every United States citizen of the age of twenty-one years or past, regardless of color, who shall have resided in the state one year, in the county ninety days, and in the precinct thirty days next preceding any election. Where a qualified elector moves from one precinct to another he shall be entitled to vote in the precinct from which he moves until he establishes his residence in the precinct. Residence not lost by reason of absence from home precinct. No convict or abnormal person shall be qualified to vote at any election. MY NATIVE LAND 71

PREAMBLE OF OUR FEDERAL CONSTITUTION We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America. October 1, 1889. A SALIENT REVIEW "When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should de­ clare the causes which impel them to the separation. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its founda­ tion on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." (Taken from the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America, written by Thomas Jefferson, during the month of June, 1776, while a member of the third Continental Congress.) THE RAINBOW OF PEACE "Let us thank God that we live in an age when something has in­ fluence besides the bayonet, and when the sternest authority does not venture to encounter the scorching power of public reproach. Any attempt of the kind I have mentioned should be met by one universal burst of indignation; the air of the civilized world ought to be made too warm to be comfortably breathed by any one who would hazard it." (Taken from Daniel Webster's Bunker Hill Oration, delivered June 17, 1825, while he was a member of the Foreign Relations Committee in the United States House of Representatives.) THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphans — to do all which may achieve and cherish just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations." (Taken from President Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address delivered before the Congress of the United States, on March 4, 1865.)

The American Constitution is, so far as I can see, the most won­ derful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man. — William E. Gladstone, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1868- 1874) (1880-1885) (1886) (1892-1894). (Jonqressme n

GERALD P. NYE LYNN J. FRAZIER (1892- ) (1874- ) Appointed Senator by former Elected Governor Governor A. G. Sorlie, Novem­ (1917-1921) ber 7, 1925. Elected Senator November 7, 1922

WILLIAM LEMKE USHER L BURDICK (1878- ) (1879- ) Representative Representative (19321940) (1934- ) conqpessme n

PORTER JAMES McCUMBER A. J. GRONNA (1856-1933) (1858-1922) Senator Senator (1899-1923) (1910-1921)

EDWIN FREMONT LADD (1859-1925) Senator (1921-1925)

GEORGE M. YOUNG THOMAS HALL (1870-1932) (1869- ) Representative Representative (1913-1924) (1925-1933) It Happened in 1882

In 1882, when the first settlers were beginning to file homesteads in Uxbridge township, Chester A. Arthur was President of the United States, having succeeded James A. Garfield, who was assassinated in 1881 by a disappointed office-seeker, who, in his diseased mind, be­ lieved the President's death needful to heal party differences. Upon hearing of the elevating of Chester A. Arthur to the presidency, one man exclaimed, "Chet Arthur President of the United States! Good God!" Politics, Civil- Service reform, big business and western land development were the talk of the day. That fall, the Democratic Party won control of the na­ tional House of Representatives. Robert T. Lincoln, son of the late Presi­ dent Lincoln, was Secretary of War. James G. Blaine had just been dis­ missed as Secretary of State. James Russell Lowell was our Minister to England. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Charles Darwin passed away that year. During the summer of that year, Charles Guiteau was hanged for the assassination of President Garfield and Jesse James was shot in the back by Robert Ford, one of his own men. Buffalo Bill had just begun to organize his "Wild West Show," and Billy Sunday was playing professional baseball in the East. Cyrus H. McCormick was still living in Chicago at the age of 73, and the French had just begun to dig the Panama Canal. Basketball was unknown and the American Baseball League had not yet been organized. John L. Sullivan became the first heavy­ weight champion of the world that year. Horses were chiefly used for riding and war, and the automobile had not yet made its appearance, Henry Ford was still in his teens, working as a day laborer in machine shops in Michigan. The Northern Pacific Railway had just been completed across the state and the Standard Oil Company was just organized with John D. Rockefeller at its head. The Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie railroad, commonly called the Soo Line, had not yet entered the territory. James J. Hill had built the Great Northern along the Dakota side of the Red River, and J. P. Morgan had just organized as J. P. Morgan & Co., a multi- million dollar concern. It was in 1882, that John Luther "Casey" Jones, of Cayce, Kentucky, who was killed in 1901, went to work for the Mobile & Ohio Railroad Company. There were no aeroplanes, caterpillar tractors, cream separators, wireless, automobiles, linotypes, moving pictures, photo­ graph films, or paved roads. "The Girl I Left Behind Me," and "In The Eve­ ning By The Moonlight," were popular songs of the day. General William H. H. Beadle was Territorial Superintendent of Public Instruction and General John J. Pershing entered West Point in 1882. In Germany, Bismarck was the leading statesman and Chancellor. Hitler was yet unborn, as were

74 MY NATIVE LAND 75

Mussolini, Franco, Daladier and Chiang Kai-shek. Queen Victoria, however, was still on the throne of England and William Gladstone was her Prime Minister. The old Triple Alliance, composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, was formed that year. Home Rule was the leading question in Ireland and Rudyard Kipling was a youth of seventeen in India. Mahatma Gandhi was then in India too, but a lad of thirteen. There were only thirty- eight states then in the union and William McKinley was a Congressman from the state of Ohio. William Jennings Bryan had just graduated from college at the age of twenty-one and Grover Cleveland was elected Governor of the state of New York. Young Theodore Roosevelt had not yet visited North Dakota and Franklin D. Roosevelt then first saw the light of day at Hyde Park, New York. North Dakota was still a part of Dakota Territory, with the capital at Yankton and Nehemiah G. Ordway was Governor. The following year, however, the capital of the territory was removed to Bis­ marck. The population of Dakota Territory was then about 100,000. Bis­ marck was but a small town and Fargo had a population of about a thousand. It was in 1876, just one year after Uxbridge township was surveyed and just six years previous to our first homesteaders, that George Custer and his entire forces were annihilated by the Sioux Indians in a battle at the junction of the Bighorn and Little Bighorn rivers in Montana Territory. My parents were children in Norway.

MARQUIS DE MORES Came to Dakota Territory in 1883 and spent several years in the territory, leaving for France in 1886. While here he built a large packing plant and a model French chateau. Medora was named in honor of his beauti­ ful American wife. More Than Thi.l.j Years Aqo in 1909 In 1909, the year the Uxbridge Consolidated School was built, William Howard Taft was inaugurated President of the United States. It was impos­ sible to follow the traditional custom of having the inaugural address delivered from the east front of the capitol, for the worst snow storm in several years had visited the nation. The ceremonies, therefore, for the first time in many years were held in the Senate Chamber. Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt sailed from New York that March for Gibraltar, en route to Africa, where he spent a year hunting big game. Robert Peary, after twenty-three years of almost uninterrupted endeavor, reached the North Pole and Louis Bleriot, French aviator, flew in an aeroplane from France to England. The United States government showed great progress in the construction of the Panama Canal and in Germany, the great Kaiser Wilhelm Canal was deepened to thirty-six feet. In New York city one of the greatest railroad terminals in the world, with its connecting tunnels with New Jersey and Long Island, was completed and the Dreadnought "North Dakota," largest in the United States navy, was launched near Quincy, Massachusetts. The Seattle Yukon, Alaska, Pacific Exposition was in progress and a placard at this exposition read: "North Dakota has more wealth per capita than any other state in the union; it has no millionaires and no paupers." Philander Knox was Secretary of State and Joseph Cannon was Speaker of the House of Rep­ resentatives. The Payne-Aldrich tariff act was passed that year and Porter J. McCumber and Martin N. Johnson were North Dakota's two United States Senators. Martin N. Johnson died in office that year. Leading members of the Senate included Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, Robert M. La- Follette of Wisconsin, and William E. Borah of Idaho. John Burke was Governor of North Dakota and Woodrow Wilson was then President of Princeton University. William Jennings Bryan was a defeated candidate for the Presidency and Hiram W. Johnson was a prosecuting attorney in California. A. C. Townley was unknown at this time and Lynn J. Frazier was living on his father's homestead near Hoople, North Dakota. William Langer was a student at Columbia University Law School and Gerald P. Nye was attending high school in Wisconsin. The state knew nothing of the Non-Partisan League at this time and the Democrats were in power. The population of the state was about 500,000. Other leading members of the United States Senate included Reed Smoot of Utah, Ellison D. Smith of South Carolina, Elihu Root of New York and Knute Nelson of Minnesota. In Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II was emperor and in England, Edward VII was king, with Herbert Henry Asquith as his Prime Minister. The World War was then just brewing. Jack Johnson was heavyweight champion of

76 MY NATIVE LAND 77 the world and the Pittsburgh Nationals defeated the Detroit Americans for the. World's Baseball Championship. Adolf Hitler, fatherless, motherless and penniless, at the age of twenty, was wandering in the streets of Vienna looking for a job and Benito Mussolini at the age of twenty-six was, too, ii* Vienna at this time, however, unknown to Hitler. Mussolini was a devout socialist at this time working against the policies of Germany. He was forced to leave Austria and again returned to Italy, where he became editor of a newspaper. Josef Stalin was an exile in Siberia and Franklin D. Roose­ velt was a lawyer in New York City. "Sweet Adeline," written in 1903, and "Oh, Promise Me" were popular songs of the day. Ty Cobb was stealing bases for the Detroit Tigers and our present Governor John Moses was freight claim adjuster in the St, Paul office of the Great Northern Railway Company, having come over from Norway in 1904. There were no radio broadcasts at this time. My father, Gilbert Turter, was killed at a railroad crossing in Spiritwood, North Dakota, that year. Charles Evans Hughes was Governor of New York and George B. McClellan, son of the famous Civil War general, was Mayor of New York City.

ML p p rSHR:"

'• .V,

NELSON A. MASON 1 ' Pioneer Ux!bridge teacher and former Secretary of Senator Uxbridge Consolidated School 1910 Frazier

GILBERT TURTER (1864-1909) One Big Year at the Dawn of the Century. kcemember Dock in 1935 In 1925, the year of many bank failures and the beginning of the decline of prosperity in Uxbridge township, Arthur G. Sorlie, who died in office in 1928, was Governor of the State and Calvin Coolidge had just taken office for his second term as President of the United States. Lynn J. Frazier and Edwin F. Ladd were our two United States Senators. Edwin F. Ladd died in office that year. Robert M. La Follette died that year after an un­ successful attempt for the Presidency and the name of Huey Long was un­ known outside the state of Louisiana. In Dayton, Tennessee, John T. Scopes, a high-school teacher, was tried for teaching evolution in defiance of the laws of the state. William Jennings Bryan passed away during the year after a successful attempt as prosecuting attorney in defense of the state of Ten­ nessee in the Scopes' trial. Other deaths of the year were that of Sun Yat- sen, President of the Chinese Republic, and the President of Germany, Fried- rich Ebert. Paul von Hindenburg was elected President of Germany in an election in which Hitler's National Socialist Party did not figure. Franklin D. Roosevelt was suffering from an attack of infantile paralysis and Alfred E. Smith was Governor of New York. Nicolai Lenin, Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Gompers and Henry Cabot Lodge had all died the previous year and William G. McAdoo was a defeated candidate for the Democratic nomination along with Alfred E. Smith. Floyd Collin's body had recently been found in San Cave, Kentucky, and King Tut's mummy still was unmolested in its tomb. Jack Dempsey was heavyweight champion of the world and the Pittsburgh Pirates were the world's baseball champions. Henry Ford had just begun his Detroit-Chicago airplane freight service, the first commercial aviation line ever operated on regular schedule. That spring a severe storm swept through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, causing death to 830 persons, injuring 3,800, and resulting in damages estimated at ten million dollars. Of the six United States Senators, who voted on April 4, 1917, against the United States entry into the World War, only one was still in the Senate in 1925, namely, George W. Norris of Nebraska. Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin, previously mentioned, died that year. Other senators who voted against the war were Asle J. Gronna of North Dakota, who died in 1922, and three Democratic senators, Harry Lane of Oregon, William J. Stone of Missouri and James K. Vardaman of Mississippi, all of whom having since passed away. George V was still king of England and Stanley Baldwin was Prime Minister. Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson was unknown somewhere in America. Edou- ard Herriot was for a short time Premier of France and Mussolini was Prime Minister of Italy. Charles G. Dawes and Sir Austen Chamberlain were co- winners of the Nobel Peace Prize of that year. Kemal Pasha Ataturk was

78 MY NATWE LAND 79

President of the New Turkey Republic and Juan Gomez was President of Venezuela. Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin were battling in Russia for the leadership of their Communistic government. Charles A. Lindbergh had just graduated from the army air school at Kelly Field, Texas, but was unknown to the nation as a whole. Herbert Hoover was Secretary of Commerce and William Howard Taft was Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court. In world affairs, the French army left the Ruhr Valley that year, and United States membership in the World Court was a leading question of discussion. There was a World Arms Conference held at Geneva and it was that year that the famous Pact of Locarno was signed for the security of peace. The McNary-Haugen Bill was still pending in Congress and Western Agriculture had become a leading national question. Andrew W. Mellon was Secretary of the Treasury and leading Senators were George Wharton Pepper of Pennsylvania, Oscar W. Underwood of Alabama, James A. Reed of Missouri and Burton K. Wheeler of Montana. The Ku Klux Klan and Tammany Hall were at this time strong political factors, and Gifford Pinchot was Governor of Pennsylvania. Will Rogers was at the height of his career and Clark Gable was beginning his Hollywood career. Devils Lake high school won the state basketball title that year and Baldwin Consolidated School in Barnes County won the state basketball championship for consolidated schools. John F, Hylan was Mayor of New York City and William H. Thomp­ son was ex-Mayor of Chicago. Minnie J. Nielson was State Superintendent of Public Instruction and it was during the previous summer, 1924, that the Barnes County Court House burned. The Big Parade was a popular photo­ play that year.

Uxbridge Consolidated School 1920 I titL) Happened in 1933 January 1. Soviet Russia's first 5-year development plan ended. 2. United States marines evacuate Nicaragua. 5. Death of former president Calvin Coolidge. 23. Twentieth Amendment ratified, which took effect Oct. 15. 24. De Valera re-elected President of the Irish Free State. 30. Hitler made Chancellor of Germany. February 14. Michigan banks closed. 15. Zangara shot at President-elect Roosevelt. 17. The League of Nations opposes the occupation of Manchuria by Japan as being "incompatible" with her policies. March 2. Senator Thomas J. Walsh, named by Roosevelt to be Attorney General, died. 4. Franklin D. Roosevelt inaugurated as President. 5. President issued proclamation declaring bank moratorium. 5. Hitler overthrew German Republic at the polls. 6. Death of Mayor Cermak of Chicago, shot February 15, by Assassin Zangara. 9. Dictatorial powers given President by Congress on monetary matters. 10. Earthquake at Long Beach, California. 21. German Reichstag quits for four years. 27. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations. April 4. The Akron disaster. 7. Beer legally on sale in the United States. 19. United States went off the gold standard. May 16. President Roosevelt sent a peace message to 54 nations. 17. Catholic education ended in Spain. 27. Chicago's Century of Progress Exposition opened. June 1. Hitler's 4-year economic relief plan made public. 7. Italy, France, Great Britain and Germany signed 4-Power Peace Pact. 16. President signed National Industrial Recovery Act, the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, and the Farm Credits Act. 22. Hitler's Nazis oust the Socialists. 29. World Disarmament Conference at Geneva adjourned without agree­ ment.

80 MY NATIVE LAND 81

29. Primo Camera knocked out Jack Sharkey, heavyweight champion of the world. July 12. All postmasters put under Civil Service Rules. 23. Charles F. Urschel of Oklahoma was kidnapped and ransomed for $200,000. 27. London Economic Conference adjourned in failure. 27. Spain recognized Soviet Russia. August 11. President Machado of Cuba forced to abdicate. 17. Flood drove nearly 2,000,000 Chinese from homes. 18. Japan, in a statement to the American people, said she had no apolo­ gies to offer the world in reference to her actions toward China. 23. Mahatma Gandhi broke his 21-day fast and was released from jail by British Government. September 14. Greece and Turkey signed a 10-year pact of non-aggression. October 7. New York Giants defeat Washington Senators for World's Championship baseball title. 10. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Mexico signed an anti-war treaty. 14. Germany withdrew from the League of Nations. 22. Iceland voted to repeal prohibition. November 4. United States Government denounced its extradition treaty with Greece. 7. Fiorello H. LaGuardia elected Mayor of New York and ousted Tam­ many Hall. 7. Twenty-first Amendment ratified, which took effect December 5. 9. Hart kidnappers lynched at San Jose, California. 10. Canadian postmasters instructed not to accept United States currency. 15. Secretary of the Treasury William H. Woodin, granted unlimited leave of absence by President Roosevelt. 16. United States recognized Soviet Russia. 20. Settle and Fordney ascended 61,237 feet in a balloon into the stratosphere. 21. Dr. Sprague, economic adviser to the Treasury, resigned. December 3. Pan-American Conference met at Montevideo with success. 5. Italy's Fascist Grand Council voted not to remain in the League of Na­ tions unless it was reformed. 28. President Roosevelt expressed America's views toward world peace. An Outline of 1937 January 1, Spanish Rebels shell Madrid, in futile attack. 1, Pittsburgh University defeats University of Washington in 14th annuai Rose Bowl football game, 21 to O. 5. 75th Congress of the United States convenes. 6. Congress passes arms embargo to halt war materials shipments to Spain or to other countries for trans-shipment. 7. Dr. Glenn Frank ousted as University of Wisconsin's president to be succeeded by Clarence A. Dykstra, Cincinnati City Manager. 11. Body of ten-year-old Charles Mattson, Tacoma, Washington, found, kidnapped, December 27th. 19. Heaviest frost in over two decades strikes southern California's citrus fruit-growers, over fifty million dollar loss. 20. 44th Inauguration, Franklin D. Roosevelt re-inaugurated as president of the United States of North America. 25. Mississippi-Ohio Valley flood waters reach height, nearly 400 drowned, one million homeless, 500 million dollar damage. February 4. West Coast 98-day maritime strike draws to a close. 5. President Roosevelt asks Congress to increase Federal Supreme Court to maximum of fifteen members if justices refuse to retire at seventy. 7. Death of Elihu Root, American statesman, at 91. 7. Germany averts a financial and food crisis by foreign bartering. 10. General Motors Corporation 44-day "sit-down" strike temporarily ends in fifty plants in 25 cities. 25. Three-year extension granted President Roosevelt by Congress to make foreign reciprocal trade agreements. March 1. President Roosevelt signs bill to allow justices to retire at seventy with full pay. 2. United States Steel Corporation recognizes the Committee for Indus­ trial Organization, the C. I. O. 17, Famine again strikes China, bringing hunger to millions; death to thousands. 18. 700 students and forty teachers trapped in terrific explosion that de­ molished the million dollar "school that oil built," at New London, Texas, killing over 300 children. 28. Robert F. Irwin, sculptor, slays Mrs. Gedeon, her daughter, Veronica, a model, and Frank Byrnes, in New York City apartment. 31. United States Government dissolves the American legation and consul­ ate in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 82 MY NATIVE LAND 83

April 1. "Sit-down" strikes close Chevrolet plant in Flint, Michigan, over 30,000 idle. 5. Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, announces that Treas­ ury will have to borrow before end of fiscal year, June 30. 7. Italy accuses France and Russia of directly aiding Spanish loyalists. 10. Spanish Loyalists save Madrid in Rebel assault. 11. Nine shot in union riot at Galena, Kansas. 23. Senator Nathan L. Bachman of Tennessee dies. May 2. President Roosevelt signs permanent neutrality law, replacing Neutral­ ity Act of 1936, which expired May 1st. 6. The Hindenburg, largest air-craft ever constructed, blasted over Lake- hurst, New Jersey, 36 reported dead. 12. Coronation of King George the Sixth of England, 37th Coronation since 1066. 23. Death of John D. Rockefeller at 97. 28. Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain, replacing Stanley Baldwin, resigned. 29. Germany and Italy quit the Non-intervention Committee at London after Spanish Loyalist's planes bombed the German Nazi warship, Deutschland, killing 27. 30. Chicago police kill eight steel workers and injure 80 in strike riot. June 2. Willis Van Devanter retires from Supreme Court bench at 78. 3. Former King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor, marries Wallis Warfield Simpson at Monts, France, abdicated British throne on December 10th. 7. Death ends brilliant Hollywood career of Jean Harlow, 26. 18. Bilbao falls before Spanish Rebels. 20. Three Russian aviators arrive at Vancouver, Washington, in first non­ stop flight from Europe to the United States over the North Pole, cover­ ing a distance of over 5,000 miles. 21. Leon Blum resigns as Premier of France and Camille Chautemps agrees to succeed him. 22. Joe Louis, Detroit negro, knocked out James J. Braddock, New Jersey, for heavyweight title of the world. 26. Three little Inglewood, California, girls murdered and attacked by Albert Dyer, 32. 30. Franklin Roosevelt, Jr., marries Ethel Du Pont, in Delaware. July 12. Armies of Japan and China clash outside of Peiping, Tientsin and Shang­ hai in undeclared war (Date of outbreak, July 7th). 14. Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas, Senate floor leader and Administration court reform bill advocate, dies. 84 MY NATIVE LAND

17. Spanish Civil War ends one year of conflict with Insurgent and Govern­ ment forces divided evenly. 19. 16-day Pacific search for Amelia Earhart Putnam ends in vain, around the world flight began June 1st. 20. Death of Guglielmo Marconi, Father of Radio and wireless. 22. Court Reform Bill defeated in the United States Senate by a vote of 70 to 20. 30. Japanese planes devastate Tientsin, China. 8. Japanese capture Peiping, setting up military rule. 12. Senator Hugo L. Black of Alabama named by President Roosevelt to the Supreme Court. 21. Congress of the United States adjourns regular session. August 26. Former Secretary of the Treasury, Andrew W. Mellon, 83, dies. 28. Japan continues undeclared war against Shanghai, killing hundreds and marooning over 2,000 United States citizens. September 13. 18th annual session of the Assembly of the League of Nations meets at Geneva, Switzerland. 13. Anglo-French Anti-Piracy patrol of 150 warships masses to wipe out the mystery raiders of the Mediterranean. 14. Nine nations sign historic Anti-Piracy document at Nyon, Switzerland, to suppress submarine piracy. 14. First Czechoslovakian president, (1918-'35), Thomas G. Masaryk, dies at 87. 14. President Roosevelt orders national arms embargo. 22. Cholera and bombing spread in Shanghai and Nanking areas, bringing death to thousands. 25. Charles S. Ross, 72, Chicago, kidnapped and held for $50,000 ransom paid October 19, year ends without Ross' release. 29. Mussolini departs from Germany after five-day secret conference with Hitler, resulting in a Rome-Berlin axis. 29. Italy finally signs Nyon Pact to stamp piracy from the Mediterranean. October 1. Hugo L. Black speaks to the nation over radio, stating he is no longer a member of the Ku Klux Klan. 5. Nation-wide business recession becomes apparent. 5. President Roosevelt, speaking in Chicago, says that peace is indivisible, shaping a new foreign international policy. 6. United States Government condemns Japan a treaty violator, and allies itself with the policies of the League of Nations. 7. C. I. O., founded in 1935, holds first national convention in New York MY NATIVE LAND 85

City, and votes in favor of a Japanese boycott. 12. President Roosevelt calls for a special session of Congress to convene November 15th. October 14. American Federation of Labor re-elects William Green, president, in Denver, and favors a Japanese boycott. 18. Airline plane crashes in Utah mountains, killing all, 19. 22. Insurgent general, Franco, sets up a fascist dictatorship in Northwestern Spain. 25. C. I. O. committee and A. F. of L. committee fail to agree at conference held in Washington, D. C. November 2. Fiorello H. LaGuardia re-elected mayor of New York City, defeating Tammany Hall for a second consecutive victory. 9. Shanghai falls to Japanese, after 88 days of fighting. 9. J. Ramsay MacDonald of Great Britain, dies at 71. 11. President Getulio Vargas sets up fascist state in Brazil. 15. Chinese Government leaves Nanking for Hankow. 16. First national unemployment census begins, closing November 20th. 24. Brussels Nine-Power Far Eastern Peace Conference adjourns in failure, after 22 days, without Japan. 30. Mexico celebrates the mid-point of President Cardenas' six-year term. making his Six-Year Plan effective. December 3. Two-day Labor Peace Conference with William Green, A. F. of L., and John L. Lewis, C. I. O., ends in failure. 8. Cold wave grips nation, damaging Florida's citrus crop and causing death and misery in the East. 11. Italy announces its withdrawal from the League of Nations, aligning itself with Germany and Japan against Communism. 12. Ninety million Russians summoned to polls under new Constitution, resulting in absolute Stalin victory. 12. Panay, United States gunboat, and three American steamers bombed by- Japanese planes in Yangtze river 13. President Roosevelt writes historic note to be delivered December 14th, to the Japanese Emperor, Hirohito, marking the first time a President had ever directed a warning to a foreign sovereign. 13. Nanking, walled Chinese capital, falls before Japanese assault. 17. Japan formally charged the Soviet Government with acting in a manner utterly unthinkable in any civilized country in connection with arrests of Japanese in Russia. 18. Robert W. Bingham, recent United States Ambassador to London, dies. 86 MY NATIVE LAND

20. Death of the German general, Erich von Ludendorff, 72. 21. 37-day special session of Congress adjourns in favor of regular session, beginning January 3rd. > 21. Frank B. Kellogg, 1929 Nobel Peace Prize winner, dies at 80. 24. Japanese Government announces the fall of Hangchow, without resis­ tance. 24. Spanish Loyalists capture Teruel, insurgent's stronghold. 25. Death of Newton D. Baker, 66, formerly Secretary of War. 25. United States Government accepts Japan's apologies, concerning the bombing of the Panay, December 12th. 31. Spanish Rebels regain Teruel from Loyalists.

Wimbledon Community Band— Organized 1935 under direction of A.O. Lindahl

••-*" . Spiritwood Lake 100 I intionnl and World Liqupes ol Hie I wenlieth Oentupij John M. Hay (1838-1905) United States William McKinley (1845-1901) United States Elihu Root (1845-1937) United States Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931) United States Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924) United States Walter Hines Page (1855-1918) United States Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925) United States Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) United States Frank B. Kellogg (1856-1937) United States William Howard Taft (1857-1930) United States Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) United States William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) United States Leonard Wood (1860-1927) United States John J. Pershing (1860- ) United States John Bassett Moore (1860- ) United States Charles Evans Hughes (1862- ) United States Robert Lansing (1864-1928) United States Warren G. Harding (1865-1923) United States William E. Borah (1865-1940) United States Charles G. Dawes (1865- ) United States Hiram W. Johnson (1866- ) United States Henry L. Stimson (1867- ) United States Newton D. Baker (1871-1937) United States Cordell Hull (1871- ) United States Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) United States Herbert C. Hoover (1874- ) United States Owen D. Young (1874- ) United States Norman H. Davis (1878- ) United States Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882- ) United States Charles A. Lindbergh (1902- ) United States Arthur James Balfour (1848-1930) Great Britain Herbert Asquith (1852-1928) Great Britain Andrew Bonar Law (1858-1923) Great Britain Edward Grey (1862-1933) Great Britain Austen Chamberlain (1863-1937) Great Britain David Lloyd George (1863- ) Great Britain Robert Cecil (1864- ) Great Britain James Ramsay MacDonald (1866-1937) Great Britain Stanley Baldwin (1867- ) Great Britain Neville Chamberlain (1869- ) Great Britain Cecil Hurst (1870- ) Great Britain Winston Churchill (1874- ) Great Britain Edward Wood Halifax (1881- ) Great Britain Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888-1935) Great Britain Anthony Eden (1897- ) Great Britain Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929) France Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929) France Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) France 87 88 MY NATD7E LAND Raymond Poincare (1860-1934) France Aristide Briand (1862-1932) France Gaston Doumergue (1863-1937) France Henri Philippe Petain (1856- ) France Leon Blum (1872- ) France Edouard Herriot (1872- ) France Pierre Laval (1883- ) France Edouard Daladier (1884- ) France Paul Reynaud (1878- ) France Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) Germany- Franz von Papen (1879- ) Germany Adolf Hitler (1889- ) Germany Joachim von Ribbentrop (1892- ) Germany Hermann von Goering(1893- ) Germany Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897- ) Germany Nicolai Lenin (1870-1924) Russia Maxim Litvinoff (1875- ) Russia Leon Trotzky (1877-1940) Russia Josef V. Stalin (1879- ) Russia Alexandre Kerensky (1881- ) Russia Vyacheslaff Molotoff (1890- ) Russia Vittorio Orlando (1860- ) Italy Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) Italy Benito Mussolini (1883- ) Italy Galeazzo Ciano (1902- ) Italy Thomas G. Masaryk (1850-1937) Czecho-Slovakia Eduard Benes (1884- ) Czecho-Slovakia Joseph Pilsudski (1867-1935) Poland Joseph Beck (1895- ) Poland Kemal Pasha Ataturk (1880-1938) Turkey Ismet Inonu (1880- ) Turkey Engelbert Dollfuss (1892-1934) Austria Kurt von Schuschnigg (1898- ) Austria Sun Yat-sen (1867-1925) China Chiang Kai-shek (1886- ) China Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) Norway Albin Hansson (1885- ) Sweden Francisco Franco (1892- ) Spain Fumimaro Konoe (1892- ) Japan Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869- ) India Eamonn de Valera (1882- ) Eire Nicholas Horthy (1868- ) Hungary Haile Selassie (1891- ) Ethiopia Paul van Zeeland (1893- ) Belgium Getulio Vargas (1882- ) Brazil Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1880- ) Argentina Oscar R. Benavides (1876- ) Peru Juan Gomez (1857-1935) Venezuela Lazaro Cardenas (1895- ) Mexico Rafael Trujillo (1892- ) Dominican Republic Fulgencio Batista (1901- ) Cuba Manual Quezon (1878- ) Philippine Islands I wentu-hve (.-real fVlen ol Ihe World

Socrates — 469-399 B. C. — "Know thyself" Greece Plato — 427-347 B. C. — "Let us take hold of life and remodel it" Greece Aristotle—384-322 B. C.—A perfect practical activity in a perfect life Greece Demosthenes—383-322 B. C.—That oratory and eloquence might conquer the world Greece Cicero—106-43 B. C.—A modern scholar in an ancient world Rome Julius Caesar—102-44 B. C.—Foremost mortal of all this world Rome Jesus of Nazareth—4 B. C.-29 A. D.—"My kingdom is not of this world" Judea Dante—1265-1321—"One celestial God, one terrestrial emperor—to guide man" Italy Copernicus—1473-1543—The revolutions of the celestial bodies Poland Francis Bacon—1561-1626—Knowledge by observation and experimenta­ tion England William Shakespeare—1564-1616—The eternality of beauty and the sublime nothingness of man England Galileo—1564-1642—Humiliation of ignorance and superstition Italy Kepler—1571-1630—The harmony of the universe Germany Descartes—1593-1650—"Reason and thought distinguish man from the brutes'' .... - - France John Milton—1608-1674—A great mind in a dark world England John Locke—1632-1704—"Man is born in ignorance and must learn by experience" England Isaac Newton—1642-1727—Virtue and modesty of a true genius England Voltaire—1694-1778—Master of tolerance, truth, and understanding France Benjamin Franklin—1706-1790—Distinguished greatness of mind U. S. Jean Rosseau—1712-1778—"Man is by nature oppressor and oppressed" France Goethe—1749-1832—Final and simple wisdom of disinterested service Germany Napolean Bonaparte—1769-1821—Directness of action combined with com­ prehension France Ralph Waldo Emerson—1803-1882—'Idealism and hope see the world in God" U. S. Abraham Lincoln—1809-1865—"A union divided is a union lost" U. S. Charles Robert Darwin—1809-1882—Theorist of the survival of the fittest England (Sic transit gloria mundi — So passes away the glory of the world) —Robert T. Arvidson.

89 1940 Directoru of Officials

NATIONAL Franklin D. Roosevelt, President New York John N. Garner, Vice President .Texas Cordell Hull, Secretary of State Tennessee Henry Morgenthau, Secretary of the Treasury . New York Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War New York Robert H. Jackson, Attorney-General New York James A. Farley, Postmaster-General New York Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy Illinois Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior .Illinois Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture Iowa Harry L. Hopkins, Secretary of Commerce Iowa Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor New York SUPREME COURT Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice New York James Clark McReynolds Tennessee Harlan Fiske Stone New York Owen J. Roberts ...Pennsylvania Hugo L. Black Alabama Stanley Forman Reed Kentucky Felix Frankfurter Massachusetts William O. Douglas Maryland Frank Murphy Michigan U. S. SENATORS Lynn J. Frazier Hoople Gerald P. Nye Cooperstown U. S. REPRESENTATIVES William Lemke ..Fargo Usher L. Burdick ' Bismarck STATE John Moses, Governor Hazen Jack A. Patterson, Lieutenant Governor Minot James D. Gronna, Secretary of State Lakota Berta E. Baker, State Auditor Glenburn John R. Omland, State Treasurer Park River Alvin C. Strutz, Attorney - General Bismarck Oscar E. Erickson, Commissioner of Insurance Tappen Math Dahl, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor Hazelton Arthur E. Thompson, Superintendent of Public Instruction Washburn Elmer W. Cart, Railroad Commissioner Kenmaro Ben C. Larkin, Railroad Commissioner .Bismarck S. S. McDonald, Railroad Commissioner Bismarck SUPREME COURT JUDGES W. L. Nuessle, Chief Justice Bismarck A. M. Christianson Towner 90 MY NATIVE LAND 91

A. G. Burr Rugby James Morris - Bismarck Thomas J. Burke ..Bismarck DISTRICT COURT JUDGES M. J. Englert, First District Valley City P. G. Swenson, First District Grand Forks Daniel B. Holt, First District ..Fargo W. J. Kneeshaw, Second District Grafton G. Grimson, Second District Rugby C. W. Buttz, Second District Devils Lake George M. McKenna, Third District Napoleon William H. Hutchinson, Third District LaMoure R. G. McFarland, Fourth District Jamestown Fred Jansonius, Fourth District Bismarck John C. Lowe, Fifth District Minot A. J. Gronna, Fifth District Williston Frank T. Lembke, Sixth District Hettinger Harry L. Berry, Sixth District Mandan Harvey J. Miller, Sixth District Dickinson STATE SENATORS Frederick J. Fredrickson, 15th District Valley City Fred G Aandahl, 38th District Litchville STATE REPRESENTATD7ES Samuel Oglesby, 15th District ..Wimbledon John N Mclntyre, 38th District Valley City STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION Mark I. Forkner, Chairman Langdon J. D. Harris Manning R. H. Sherman LaMoure BANK OF NORTH DAKOTA Frank A. Vogel, Manager Bismarck STATE MILL AND ELEVATOR Robert M. Stangler, Manager Grand Forks STATE INSTITUTIONS John C. West, President of University Grand Forks Frank L. Eversull, President of Agricultural College Fargo James E. Cox, President of Teachers College Valley City C. C. Swain, President of Teachers College Minot Cyril W. Grace, President of Teachers College Mayville Charles E. Scott, President of Teachers College Dickinson J. C. McMillan, President of Industrial School Ellendale E. F. Riley, President of School of Science Wahpeton Herbert D. Jeffrey, Superintendent School for Blind Bathgate A. P. Buchanan, Superintendent School for Deaf Devils Lake A. F. Arnason, President of School of Forestry Bottineau William F. McClelland, Superintendent Training School Mandan Oscar J. Nygaard, Warden of Penitentiary Bismarck 92 MY NATTVE LAND A. M. Fisher, Superintendent of Hospital for Insane Jamestown John G. Lamont, Superintendent Feeble Minded School Grafton Cedric Northrop, Superintendent Tuberculosis Hospital San Haven Larry B. McLain, Superintendent Soldiers Home Lisbon COUNTY COMMISSIONERS George Kuhry First District Morten Mortenson ...Second District Charles W. Jaeger, Chairman Third District Frank Heimes Fourth District Phillip Sauer Fifth District COUNTY Auditor J. Mae Baillie Treasurer Frank K. Shearer Register of Deeds Hilmer Carlson Clerk of Court L E. Sansburn County Judge H. A. Olsberg States Attorney William R. Pearce Sheriff Leo Stowman Superintendent of Schools Ray Earle Fearing Surveyor Paul M. Barnes Coroner Oliver E. Peterson Public Administrator Geo. D. Kelsey Official Newspaper Valley City Times Record LOCAL Township Officials Robert Christ Chairman of Board Samuel Oglesby and N. J. Clemens Supervisors Edwin Rumer Clerk John Christ ..Treasurer Edward Christ ..Assessor Ed. Rumer — Ed. Christ Justices of the Peace Leo Rebhahn — Vacant Two Constables School Officials N. J. Clemens and Alfred Ernie .... Members John Kuhlmann Chairman of Board Frank McMillan Clerk Russel Guscette Treasurer I Ionic Oweet I lome

John Howard Payne (1792-1852) (John Howard Payne, who was born in the City of New York, had never had a home during the last forty years of his life, and died in a foreign land, Tunis, Africa. This is home's sweetest song, and its author has been rewarded in the following lines of William Carleton: "Sure, when thy gentle spirit fled To lands beyond the azure dome, With arms outstretched God's angels said, 'Welcome to Heaven's home, sweet home.' ") 'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home; A charm from the sky seems to hallow us there, Which, seek through the world, is ne'er met with elsewhere. Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home! There's no place like Home! there's no place like Home! An exile from home, splendor dazzles in vain; O, give me my lowly thatched cottage again! The birds singing gayly, that came at my call,— Give me them, — and the peace of mind, dearer than all Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home! There's no place like Home! there's no place like Home! How sweet 'tis to sit 'neath a fond father's smile, And the cares of a mother to soothe and beguile! Let others delight 'mid new pleasures to roam, But give me, oh, give me, the pleasures of home! Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home! There's no place like Home! there's no place like Home! To thee I'll return, overburdened with care; The heart's dearest solace will smile on me there; No more from that cottage again will I roam; Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home. Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home! There's no place like Home! there's no place like Home!

93 Oenntop Vest s (Jpation vJn I he Uoq

Among the finest words ever spoken in defense of the dog is the speech made before a judge and jury by the United States Senator George Graham Vest of Missouri. It was delivered in the course of a lawsuit over a dog. It won the suit, holding all in the court room spellbound. "Drum" was a foxhound, one of the fastest and surest for miles around. He was shot and his owner sued the man that killed him. Able and eminent lawyers were engaged by both sides and the case was carried through several courts. At the final trial counsel for the defense were confident of winning their case up to the moment when Senator Vest arose to speak. Vest's masterly plea has no equal. It will be read and re-read while time lasts. School-boys will declaim it as long as the English language is spoken. It is one of the masterpieces of human literature; one of the most eloquent and touching tributes ever paid to man's faithful friend. This was the conclusion of Senator Vest's great plea: Gentlemen of the Jury: The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son and daughter that he has reared with loving care may become ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees and do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolutely unselfish friend that man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is the dog. A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground, when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer, he will lick the wound;-; and sores that come from encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth an outcast into the world, friend­ less and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes, and death takes his master in its embrace, and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his grave will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad, but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even in death.

94 The Man With The Hoe Edwin Markham (1852-1940) (The Man With the Hoe, written in 1898, is Edwin Markham's most widely known poem. It so well expressed the economic and social mood of the time. This poem, which found its inspiration in Millet's famous painting of a brutalized French peasant in the deep abyss of labor, was hailed as "the battle-cry of the next thousand years." "Within this poem Markham summed up and spiritualized the unrest that was in the air; in the figure of one man with a hoe, he drew a picture of men in the mines, men in the sweat-shop, men working without joy, without hope." This was per­ haps the World's most profitable poem, earning $250,000.) Bowed by the weight of centuries he leans Upon his hoe and gazes on the ground, The emptiness of ages in his face, And on his back the burden of the world. Who made him dead to rapture and despair, A thing that grieves not and that never hopes, Stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox? Who loosened and let down this brutal jaw? Whose was the hand that slanted back this brow? Whose breath blew out the light within this brain? Is this the Thing the Lord God made and gave To have dominion over sea and land; To trace the stars and search the heavens for power; To feel the passion of Eternity? Is this the dream He dreamed Who shaped the suns And marked their ways upon the ancient deep? Down all the caverns of Hell to their last gulf There is no shape more terrible than this— More tongued with censure of the world's blind greed— More filled with signs and portents for the soul— More packt with danger to the universe. What gulfs between him and the seraphim! Slave of the wheel of labor, what to bim Are Plato and the swing of Pleiades? What the long reaches of the peaks of song, The rift of dawn, the reddening of the rose? Through this dread shape the suffering ages look; Time's tragedy is in that aching stoop; Through this dread shape humanity betrayed, Plundered, profaned, and disinherited, Cries protest to the Judges of the World, A protest that is also prophecy. O masters, lords and rulers in all lands, Is this the handiwork you give to God, This monstrous thing distorted and soul-quenched? How will you ever straighten up this shape; Touch it again with immortality;

95 96 MY NATIVE LAND

Give back the upward looking and the light; Rebuilt in it the music and the dream; Make right the immemorial infamies, Perfidious wrongs, immedicable woes? O masters, lords and rulers in all lands, How will the Future reckon with this Man? How answer his brute question in that hour When whirlwinds of rebellion shake all shores? How will it be with kingdoms and with kings — With those who shaped him to the thing he is — When this dumb Terror shall rise to judge the world, After the silence of the centuries?

Luch In 11 I is V Jwn I onque William Herbert Carruth A fire mist and a planet, A crystal and a cell, A jelly-fish and a saurian, And caves where the cave-men dwell; Then a sense of law and beauty And a face turned from the clod, Some call it Evolution, And others call it God. A haze on the far horizon, The infinite, tender sky, The ripe, rich tint of the corn-fields, And the wild geese sailing high, And all over upland and lowland The charm of the golden-rod, Some of us call it Autumn, And others call it God. Like tides on a crescent sea-beach When the moon is new and thin, Into our hearts high yearnings Come welling and surging in, Come from the mystic ocean, Whose rim no foot has trod, Some of us call it Longing, And others call it God. A picket frozen on duty, A mother starved for her brood, Socrates drinking the hemlock, And Jesus on the rood; And millions who, humble and nameless. The straight, hard pathway plod, Some call it Consecration, And others call it God. The house Bq The Side Of The Road Samuel Foss (1858-1911) There are hermit souls that live withdrawn In the peace of their self-content; There are souls, like stars, that dwell apart In a fellowless firmament; There are pioneer souls that blaze their paths Where highways never ran— But let me live by the side of the road And be a friend to man. Let me live in a house by the side of the road, Where the race of men go by— The men who are good and the men who are bad, As good and as bad as I. I would not sit in the scorner's seat, Or hurl the cynic's ban— Let me live in a house by the side of the road And be a friend to man. I see from my house by the side of the road, By the side of the highway of life, The men who press with the ardor of hope, The men who are faint with the strife. But I turn not away from their smiles nor their tears, Both parts of an infinite plan— Let me live in my house by the side of the road And be a friend to man. 1 know there are brook-gladdened meadows ahead And mountains of wearisome height; That the road passes on through the long afternoon And stretches away to the night. But still I rejoice when the travelers rejoice, And weep with the strangers that moan, Nor live in my house by the side of the road Like a man who dwells alone. Let me live in my house by the side of the road Where the race of men go by— They are good, they are bad, they are weak, they are strong, Wise, foolish — so am I. Then why should I sit in the scorner's seat, Or hurl the cynic's ban?— Let me live in my house by the side of the road And be a friend of man. 97 STORY OF THE BELL OF ATRI

In Atri, one of the old cities of Italy, the King caused a bell to be hung in a tower in one of the public squares, and called it the "Bell of Justice." He commanded that anyone who had been wronged should go and ring the bell and so call the magistrate of the city and ask and receive justice. And when, in the course of time, the bell-rope rotted away, a wild vine was tied to it to lengthen it. One day an old and starving horse that had been abandoned by its owner and turned out to die, wandered into the tower, and, in trying to eat the vine-stalk, rang the bell. The magistrate of the city, coming to see who had rung the bell, found the old and starving horse. And he caused the owner of the horse, in whose service it had toiled and been worn out, to be summoned before him, and decreed that as the poor horse had rung the "Bell of Justice" he should have justice, and that during the horse's life his owner should provide for him proper food and drink, and stable. Longfellow has told this story in beautiful verse entitled "The Bell of Atri." This was a part of the King's proclamation: What fair renown, what honor, what repute Can come to you from starving this poor brute? He who serves well and speaks not, merits more Than they who clamor loudest at the door. Therefore the law decrees that as this steed Served you in youth, henceforth you shall take heed To comfort his old age, and to provide Shelter in stall, and food and field beside.

98 All I hinqs .Shall Pass Awuij Theodore Tilton (1835-1907) Once in Persia ruled a King, Who upon his signet ring 'Graved a motto true and wise, Which, when held before his eyes, Gave him counsel at a glance Fit for any change or chance. Solemn words, and these were they: "Even this shall pass away." Trains of camel through the sand Brought him gems from Samarcand; Fleets of galleys through the seas Brought him pearls to rival these Yet he counted little gain Treasures of the mine or main. "Wealth may come, but not to stay; Even this shall pass away." 'Mid the revels of his court, In the zenith of his sport, When the palms of all his guests Burned with clapping at his jests, He, amid his figs and wine, Cried: "Oh, precious friends of mine, Pleasures come, but not to stay— Even this shall pass away." Fighting in a furious field, Once a javelin pierced his shield, Soldiers with a loud lament Bore him bleeding to his tent. Groaning from his wounded side, "Pain is hard to bear!" he cried. "But with patience, day by day, Even this shall pass away." Towering in the public square, Twenty cubits in the air, Rose his statue grand in stone; And the King, disguised, unknown. Gazing on his sculptured name, Asked himself: "And what is fame? Fame is but a slow decay — Even this shall pass away." Struck with palsy, sere and old, Standing at the gates of gold, Spoke he thus in dying breath: "Life is done, and what is death?" Then, in answer to the King, Fell a sunbeam on the ring, Answering with its heavenly ray: "Even death shall pass away." 99 Lpiloque The Palladium Rock William Shakespeare once wrote, "Men at some time are masters of their fates: The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves." The nations of the world must seek their security in themselves. No un­ known refuge will save them from their kind. The road of normalcy and security lies just outside the door. It has lain there for over a thousand years. Today, as we look out on the crossroads, we see many directions beckoning to us — the East, the West, the South, and the North. As we stand there with a philosophic eye, a panoramic view unrolls itself before us. We see Communism, Fascism, Naziism, Socialism, Collectivism, Mili­ tarism, Totalitarianism in the offing. Which road shall we take? For when the traveler from some sunken valley climbs the winding path up a mountain side toward its snow-capped summit, and rests for a moment from his toil upon some projecting headland, it is well for him to look back upon the progress he has made and estimate from it the direction and, if possible, the length of the path which lies before him. In the light of this, America must choose Americanism; that policy of right makes might; that ever­ lasting freedom and liberty of the individual and society. The peoples of the world came to America because of America. Today their thoughts have not changed. The pioneer spirit still looks eternally. America will come home. The road will lead back. But for the nations and humanity, we must choose Internationalism. The universal interdependence of mankind for the welfare of all. For no longer can a nation live unto itself alone. A unified world state is not inconceivable. We can work for its attainment, not only in a moral sense but by developing human inventions and ingenuity, bring­ ing about closer and freer intercourse among peoples and nations. As we continue to see hatreds and malice becoming intensified, once more we ask of ourselves, will each generation have to pay its homage in human blood drawn on the altar of war? No, it is for the nations of the world to meet this challenge. They must organize a world association of nations. There must be a practice of tariff reciprocity, a strict adherence to international law, and a faithful observance of the sanctity of treaties. An international mind must be developed. Since science has brought us so close to our foreign neighbor that he is truly no longer foreign, but an essential part of our physical and economic life, then loyalty to humanity comes before loyalty to one's country. The passions of society must change; cast off the fetters of hate, arrogance and strife for the loin cloth of love, humility and under­ standing. For after attaining as high a civilization as it is ours to inherit, we must not through some illusory act, plunge the world into a conflict which in the end would mean the extermination of the entire human race. There no longer should be a feeling of insecurity; no longer should nations waste time on instruments of destruction; and no longer should war reap its bloody harvest. Let us turn our faces toward the brotherhood of man. Let us follow the gleam of confidence in the sanity of America and in the integrity of the several nations of the world. To quote the late British poet, Rudyard Kipling: "Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great judgment seat; but there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth, when two strong men stand face to face, though they come from the ends of the earth." —R. T. A. 100 I he Ppoipie fvlothep

Herbert Kaufman She came to rock the cradle of a new empire. Adventure calls to men but duty summons women. And so, when the time was ripe to breed new stars for the Flag, she set forth from Maine and Ohio and Killar- ney's loveliness and her Swedish village and her fjord home to mother the wilderness. Only God and she know the fullness of her giving to the young Northwest. She lived in sod houses and hay-roofed huts, with the nearest neighbor often a day's trudge away. She had no decencies. She did not even know the luxury of floor or fireplace. Her meal was ground in a hand mill and her baking range was a makeshift oven in the yard. She helped in the fields — at the ploughing and the sowing, and she helped to scythe the crop and bind the sheaves. She watered stock and spun and knitted and tailored. She made a garden and preserved the winter food — milked her cows and nursed her children. The sleepy-eyed sun found her already at her tasks, and the mid-moon heard her croon the baby to rest. Her "beauty-sleep" began at ten and ended at four. Year in and out she never had an orange, a box of sweets or a gift of remembrance. She fought drought and dearth and savages — and savager loneliness. Her "Sunday bests" were calico and linsey woolsey. She grew old at the rate of twenty-four months a year at the grubbing hoe and the wash tub and the churn. She bore her bairns alone and buried them on the frozen prairies. But she asked no pity for her broken arches, her aching back, her poor, gnarled hands. Or for the wistful memories of a fairer youth in sweeter lands. She gave America the great Northwest, and was too proud to quibble at the cost of the stalwart sons to whom she willed it. She mothered MEN. It is ended North Dakota State Library Bismarck, N D 53501