As Mulheres Atletas De Mixed Martial Arts: Uma Perspectiva De Gênero

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As Mulheres Atletas De Mixed Martial Arts: Uma Perspectiva De Gênero As mulheres atletas de Mixed Martial Arts: Uma perspectiva de gênero Grasiela Oliveira Santana da Silva Porto, 2019 Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Desporto Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL) As mulheres atletas de Mixed Martial Arts: Uma perspectiva de gênero Dissertação apresentada com vista à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Actividade Física e Saúde nos termos do Decreto-Lei n.º 74/2006, na redação dada pelo Decreto-Lei nº 65/2018 de 16 de agosto Orientadora: Professora Doutora Paula Silva Coorientadora: Professora Doutora Angelita Alice Jaeger Grasiela Oliveira Santana da Silva Porto, 2019 I II Ficha de catalogação Silva, G.O.S.da (2019). As mulheres atletas de Mixed Martial Arts: Uma perspectiva de gênero. Porto: G.O.S. da Silva. Dissertação de Doutoramento em Actividade Física e Saúde apresentada à Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto Palavras-chave: Mulheres atletas; Mixed Martial Arts; Poder; Espetáculo; Indústria Cultural. III IV FONTE DE FINANCIAMENTO Os estudos incluídos nesta tese foram apoiados por CIAFEL, FCT/UID/DTP/00617/2019. V VI Não sou nada. Nunca serei nada. Não posso querer ser nada. À parte disso, tenho em mim todos os sonhos do mundo. (Poema Tabacaria, Álvaro de Campos) VII VIII Dedico esta dissertação ao meu pai e minha mãe, meus maiores exemplos de amor. IX X Agradecimentos Mais do que uma finalidade acadêmica, a realização de uma dissertação é um contributo pessoal. A tenacidade me fez chegar até aqui e as discussões apresentadas nessa dissertação não mais me pertencem, elas são de domínio público e dos estudos que estão por vir. Aqui agradeço: A Deus que é fortaleza, proteção e luz em minha vida. A Ele que em tantos momentos de dúvidas e angústias sussurrava ao meu ouvido: Coragem, eu estou aqui! Aos meus pais, Domingos e Laudenice, por todo o amor e educação que me dedicaram. Vocês são meus maiores exemplos. Aos meus irmãos, Julierme e Marília, o nosso amor é o que nos une e nos unirá para sempre. Agradecimento que estendo à minha tia Valdenora e aos Leandros, meu cunhado e meu primo (“irmão”). Ao meu sobrinho Benício, por me fazer sentir a pureza de amar e acreditar em um mundo melhor. Ao meu querido avô Cazuza, ao contemplar no semblante do seu rosto os sinais de experiência de tantos anos vividos e dedicados à família. A minha família, tios/tias e primos/primas, por todo o apoio e amor. Ao Fábio André Ribeiro e sua família, por todo o cuidado, carinho e confiança. Não foi à toa que nos encontramos e, durante esses quase dois anos juntos estamos nos conhecendo, XI nos descobrindo e seguindo nossa trajetória. Obrigada por todos os momentos, pelos estímulos e por acreditar em mim. Ainda compartilharemos muitas conquistas juntos. A Raul e Nilza (in memoriam), pelo acolhimento e carinho que tiveram comigo durante minha estadia no Porto. A minha psicóloga Fernanda Uzeda, por me ajudar a enfrentar os altos e baixos da vida. Aos colegas do programa de Doutoramento em Atividade Física e Saúde e do Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL), pela amizade, troca de conhecimento e todos os momentos compartilhados. Aos professores Dr. José Oliveira e Dr. Jorge Mota, por todo o conhecimento e participação na minha trajetória acadêmica. A todos os/as professores/as do programa de Doutoramento em Atividade Física e Saúde pela sabedoria, generosidade e comprometimento. A minha orientadora professora Drª Paula Silva e coorientadora professora Drª Angelita Jaeger, cujas acuidades, conhecimentos e ética foram espelhos e estímulos ao longo dessa caminhada. Agradeço, sobretudo, por acalentarem meus momentos difíceis e permitirem que meu tempo fluísse respeitosamente. A professora Teresa Marinho, por todos incentivos e ensinamentos. A sua generosidade só me engrandeceu. XII A todos/as funcionários/as da FADEUP pelo respeito e profissionalismo. Agradeço a todos/as meus/minhas alunos/as, o contato com vocês sempre foi e será uma fonte de estímulo intelectual. Aos/as entrevistados/as que gentilmente aceitaram o convite e abrilhantaram a dissertação. Aos/as amigos/as por mostrarem que o mundo é mais florido quando se cultiva a amizade. A todos/as deixo aqui o meu muito obrigada! XIII XIV ÍNDICE GERAL ÍNDICE DE TABELAS ............................ VIII ÍNDICE DE FIGURA ............................. IX RESUMO ....................................... XIX ABSTRACT...................................... XXI LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS ........................ XXIII INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ............................. 1 Enquadramento do problema de pesquisa ........ 9 Justificação, pertinência e desenho 17 metodológico da pesquisa ..................... Problemas e objetivos da pesquisa ............ 23 Apresentação e estrutura da tese ............. 24 APRESENTAÇÃO DOS ESTUDOS ..................... 29 Estudo 1. Mulheres atletas e Mixed Martial Arts: uma 31 revisão sistemática qualitativa............... Estudo 2. Discurso de estudantes de Licenciatura em Desporto acerca das mulheres atletas no MMA... 49 Estudo 3. Mulheres atletas de MMA e a tríade corpo – poder – espetáculo .......................... 87 XV Estudo 4 MMA e Indústria Cultural: um olhar sobre a 123 trajetória e o treinamento das lutadoras ..... DISCUSSÃO .................................... 161 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.......................... 197 APÊNDICE ..................................... CCXX Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.... CCXXII Estudo 2. Guia do grupo focal .......................... CCXXVI Estudo 4. Guia de entrevista. Atletas....................................... CCXXX Guia de entrevista. Preparadores/a físico/a...................................... CCXXXVIII XVI ÍNDICE DE TABELAS INTRODUÇÃO Tabela 1. Descrição metodológica dos estudos....... 26 ESTUDO 1 Tabela 1. Critérios de inclusão e exclusão......... 35 Tabela 2. Variáveis de codificação................ 36 Tabela 3. Sumário dos estudos...................... 38 XVII ÍNDICE DE FIGURA ESTUDO 1 Organograma. Artigos selecionados.......... 36 XVIII RESUMO Através da perspectiva de gênero esta investigação teve como objetivo identificar e analisar o espaço do Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) e os discursos que pairam sobre as relações de gênero, com foco nas questões sobre poder, espetáculo e indústria cultural. Para este efeito foram realizados quatro estudos. No primeiro, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática qualitativa que pretendeu refletir sobre o estado da arte na produção do conhecimento acerca da presença das mulheres em esportes de combate. Oito estudos compuseram a amostra seguindo os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão. O segundo estudo foi realizado com estudantes de Licenciatura em Desporto de uma instituição universitária do norte de Portugal, visando analisar os discursos de estudantes acerca da participação das mulheres atletas no MMA. No terceiro, por sua vez, nos propusemos identificar e analisar as imbricações existentes entre as lutadoras e seus corpos. A recolha de dados foi feita em três sites: A dama de ferro, MMA Space e UFC Brasil. Os posts de textos perfizeram um total de 66 unidades. O período de coleta de dados esteve compreendido entre novembro de 2012 e julho de 2018. O quarto estudo é uma pesquisa de campo objetivando analisar as trajetórias e os treinamentos das lutadoras a partir do conceito de Indústria Cultural. Realizaram-se observações de sessões de treino e entrevistas semiestruturadas a 6 lutadoras e 3 preparadores/as físico(s)/a(s) de duas academias situadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados oriundos dos estudos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e categorizados, com o auxílio do software QSRNvivo 12 Pro. Os estudos deram visibilidade à produção discursiva das feminilidades nos esportes de combate. Abre-se espaço para a prática e profissionalização das mulheres atletas no XIX MMA, mas a sociedade vai cuidando de manipular, de forma dissimulada, uma hierarquia de gênero que continua a subjugar as mulheres a um uso dos corpos à disposição de uma masculinidade hegemónica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mulheres atletas; Mixed Martial Arts; Poder; Espetáculo; Indústria Cultural. XX ABSTRACT From a gender perspective, this research aimed to identify and analyse the Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) space and the discourses that hover over gender relations, focusing on issues of power, spectacle and cultural industry. For this purpose, four studies were conducted. A qualitative systematic review was performed in the first and aimed to reflect on the state of the art in the production of knowledge about the presence of women in combat sports. The sample encompassed eight studies, thus meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The second study was conducted with undergraduate students in Sports, from a university in northern Portugal, focusing on the analysis of students' discourses about the participation of women athletes in MMA. In the third, in turn, we aimed to identify and analyse the imbrications that exist between the fighters and their bodies. Data collection was done in three sites: The Iron Lady, MMA Space and UFC Brazil. The text posts totalled 66 units. Data collection period was from November 2012 to July 2018. The fourth study is a field research aiming to analyse fighters’ trajectories and training taking into account the concept of Cultural Industry. Observations of training sessions and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 fighters and 3 sport conditioning trainers of two gyms located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data from the studies were subjected to content analysis and
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