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Effect of Kalaripayattu on Physical Fitness Variables Among College

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Effect of Kalaripayattu on Physical Fitness Variables Among College International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2017; 4(4): 395-401 P-ISSN: 2394-1685 E-ISSN: 2394-1693 Effect of Kalaripayattu on physical fitness variables Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38 IJPESH 2017; 4(4): 395-401 among college students © 2017 IJPESH www.kheljournal.com Received: 12-05-2017 Accepted: 14-06-2017 Sreenath S Sreenath S Abstract Assistant Professor, Department Objectives: To assess the characteristic effects of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) exercise on metabolism and of Physical Education, Sree cardio respiratory response, and to measure its effect on cardio respiratory function, mental control, Sankaracharya University For immune capacity, and the prevention of falls in elderly people. Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala, India Design: A review of controlled experimental studies and clinical trials designed with one of two aims: either to assess physiological responses during the performance of TCC or to assess the impact of this exercise on general health and fitness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolic rate, heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)MAX), immune capacity, falls, and fall related factors. Subjects: A total of 2216 men and women. Results: Under review were 31 original studies, published in Chinese or English journals, that met the criteria for inclusion. Most of the papers written in Chinese had not been introduced into the Western literature. Nine of these studies showed that TCC can be classified as moderate exercise, as its does not demand more than 55% of maximal oxygen intake. When this form of exercise and others conducted at equal intensity were compared, TCC showed a significantly lower ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO(2)MAX). Evidence provided by cross sectional and longitudinal studies suggests that TCC exercise has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal function, posture control capacity, and the reduction of falls experienced by the elderly. Conclusions: TCC is a moderate intensity exercise that is beneficial to cardiorespiratory function, immune capacity, mental control, flexibility, andbalance control; it improves muscle strength and reduces the risk of falls in the elderly. Caldwell K, Harrison M, Adams M, Triplett NT. et al; conducted a study on Effect of Pilates and taiji quan training on self-efficacy, sleep quality, mood, and physical performance of collegestudents. Abstract: Methods of exercise such as Pilates and taiji quan, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on physical and mental characteristics, have been studied more often in samples of older participants. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a semester of either Pilates or taiji quan training on perceived self-efficacy, sleep quality and mood, as well as strength and balance in college-age individuals. Self-efficacy was found to be improved in the Pilates and taiji quan groups and there was a trend towards improvement in sleep quality. Mood was found to be improved significantly in the Pilates group while the taiji group showed a trend towards improvement. There were no changes or group differences in the strength or balance measures. Pilates and taiji quan are effective exercise modes to improve mental parameters in college-age individuals. Keywords: Kalaripayattu, physical fitness variables, college students, maximal oxygen uptake Introduction Exercise is physical activity done regularly to improve, maintain, or slow the loss of fitness. Physical fitness is the capacity to perform physical activities with vigor and alertness and without undue fatigue. Fit people have more energy to pursue leisure activities. Fitness is also the degree to which people can withstand stress and persevere under difficult or emergency circumstances. Regular exercise is one of the best things that people can do to help prevent illness, preserve health and longevity, and enhance quality of life. Exercise comes in many Correspondence forms and can vary in intensity of effort. With so many ways to exercise, almost everyone can Sreenath S Assistant Professor, Department participate in some way. of Physical Education, Sree Physical fitness is defined as the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively in work Sankaracharya University For and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases and to meet emergency Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala, India ~ 395 ~ International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health situations. (by Brian D. Johnston) Physical fitness is the Agility: is the ability to change the direction of the body in an capacity to carry out reasonably well various forms of efficient and effective manner physical activities without being unduly tired and includes qualities important to the individual’s health and well being. Chapter II (by Werner W. K). Physical fitness has always been one of Reviews of Literature the foremost goals of physical education. Chandran CK, et al conducted a study on Respiratory functions in Kalaripayattu practitioners. Kalaripayattu, an Kalaripayattu ancient traditional martial art form of Kerala, is considered as ‘Kalari’ means place of training and ‘Payattu’ means training the basis for all martial arts viz. Karate, Kungfu, etc. of martial arts. As the training of martial arts is done from physiological studies are more concentrated on Karate, Kalari, this is called Kalaripayattu. Kungfu and other martial arts due to their global acceptance. Kalaripayattu from Kerala is probably the oldest martial art Considering the limited knowledge available regarding the form in the world. It is said that Bodhi Dharma took this art physiological profiles of Kalaripayattu practitioners, the form to China, which it is claimed to have evolved into Kung present study was taken up for filling the lacunae in the field. Fu and other forms of Chinese martial arts. It is not only a Lung function tests were carried out in ten Kalari martial art but also a school of exercise which develops the practitioners. Residual volume was measured by indirect physical and mental behavior of the students. While method. Higher lung volumes and flow rates were achieved in practicing, the students develop right virtues as well as power Kalari practitioners compared to age and height-matched of healing on his body. It is not only a physical fitness controls. Better mechanical factors and lower airway exercise but is also helps to dominate one’s fear. Although it resistance influenced during Kalari practice might have uses different types of weapons, it demands an extremely benefited in improving Lung volumes and flow rates. precise knowledge of the body and even of all living beings, Wang YT, Taylor L, Pearl M, Chang LS. et al; conducted a as many of the movements follow the pattern of different study on Effects of Tai Chi exercise on physical and mental animals’ behaviors of attacks as well as of defense. health of college students Abstract: The purpose of this pilot Kalaripayattu demonstration includes physical exercises and study is to examine the effects of Tai Chi Quan, a body-mind mock duels – armed and unarmed combat. (The Complete harmony exercise, on college students' perceptions of their Guide to Kerala’s Ancient Martial art by Chirakkal T physical and mental health. A three-month intervention of Tai Sreedharan Nair) Chi exercise was administered to college students, and multidimensional physical(PHD) and mental (MHD) health Types of Kalaripayattu scores were assessed using the SF-36v2 health survey There are different styles of Kalaripayattu called Vadakkan – questionnaire before and after the intervention. Thirty college Northern style, Thekkan – Southern style, and Madhya Kerala students participated in a 1-hour-long Tai Chi exercise – Central style of Kerala. All use the same weapons but intervention twice a week for 3 months. Each practice session methods and styles were strongly influenced by different included 10 minutes of breathing and stretching exercises regional masters. The Vadakkan style is more traditional, it followed by 50 minutes of Tai Chi Quan 24-form practice. demands that the whole body be covered with oil and implies PHD including physical function (PF), role physical (RP), a precise explanation during the training itself. Southern style bodilypain (BP), general health (GH), and MHD including is more silent, and uses all social function (SF), role mental/emotion function (RE), movements that can be later found in the different martial art vitality (VT), perceptions of mental health (MH) were like Judo, Karate, Kunfu, Tai chi, Wrestling and Gymnastics. assessed. The normalized scores of each variable and the These types of movements like various types of kicking, combined PHD or MHD scores before and after the Tai Chi punching, diving and all defensive and offensive movements. intervention were examined by paired t-test (p < (Kalaripayattu by Balakrishnan P) 0.05). Physical measures of BP and GH, and mental measures Physical and mental development, physical flexibility, neural of RE, VT and MH were significantly improved after Tai Chi strength, art of self defense, eye control, sharp reflexes, exercise intervention. When the overall PHD or MHD scores patience regularization of difficulties due to arthritis, were evaluated, the MHD had increased significantly. In bronchitis diseases, discipline, obedience, strengthening of the conclusion, Tai Chi exercise had positive effects on the self- protection from disease, skill to handle weapons, overcoming assessed physical and mental health of college students.
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