Dec 2009/Jan/Feb 2010 | $6.00 New York’s History Magazine

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4 BECOME A CORPORATE MEMBER From the Director 5 by Mary Ellen Pelzer 6 Ip er si eum iniam zzrilisl dit accum quis dolestrud et, core ver Corporate Membership includes many of the following benefits 7 sum quisi. and many more depending on membership level: 8 Acknowledgement in the Annual Report, Seaport, the quarterly Museum magazine/calendar of events, Museum Web 5 9 X site and Visitor Center XCourtesy passes to the Museum X Discounts for all employees at Bowne & Co., Stationers 10 XElectronic announcements about exhibitions, public and family programs and other events that can be placed on your New York & 11 organization’s intranet for employees XInvitations to exhibition opening receptions XSubscriptions to Seaport in the Age of the Lafitte Brothers 12

By John Otrompke 13

Jean and were pirates who were mostly active 14 Benefit packages are available at many corporate membership levels. For membership information around , but their activities extended as far away 15 L EMAIL [email protected] iCALL Carol Rauscher at 212-748-8776. as . 6 16 17 The War Against Piracy: 1717 and 2009 18 By Lunsford 19 An analysis of how deep sea pirates disrupted trade and the 20 actions which governments took against them hundreds of 21 years ago, and the similar actions taken against pirates today.

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The Oar and Pirates – 25 The Past Comes Full Circle 26 contents By Douglas Burnett 27 For centuries, the silver oar has been the symbol of the Admiralty Court of England. Burnett connects the oar to modern actions 28 which governments have taken due to the return of piracy. 14 29 30

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Piracy and Seafareres 32 By Douglas Stevenson 33 A discussion of how pirates are portrayed in popular culture and how this portrayal effects the perception of piracy’s effects 34

on seamen. 35 18 36 37

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Museum Happenings 39

The Museum’s Spring Fundraiser 40

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Broadside 46 - American Express Company - Credit Suisse First Boston - New York Container Terminal Inc. The South Street Seaport Museum’s calendar of events for CORPORATE 47 - Bowne & Co., Inc. - F. J. Sciame Construction Co., Inc. - NYSE Euronext December, January and February. MEMBERS - CB Richard Ellis - Goldman, Sachs & Co. - Ports America Group On the cover: Jotktktktktktktkktt 48 - Clearwater Capital Partners, LLC - Highstar Capital Partners - QBE the Americas Above: Jotktktktktktktkkttotktktktktktktkktt 49 - Consolidated Edison Company of - History/ A&ETV New York, Inc. Moody’s Investors Services 26 50 - 2009 51 2 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ...from the director 3 Chairman Frank J. Sciame, Jr. 4 Vice Chairman Peter P. McN. Gates, Esq. 5 Vice Chairman Christopher Lee As supporters of the South Street Seaport Museum, you share our 6 Treasurer Richard Kennedy excitement for the opening of our new exhibition New Amsterdam: The 7 Island at the Center of the World. This show, based on the best-selling book BOARD OF TRUSTEES 8 by Russell Shorto, features a number of important documents: Henry May Chao 9 Susan Cummiskey Hudson’s contract with the Dutch East India Company for his fateful James Devine 1609 voyage, the 1667 Peace Treaty of Breda, the one original Castello 10 J. Edward Diamond plan by Johannes Vingboons depicting the ground plan of 11 Patrick Durkin Edward C. Foppiano circa 1665, Vingboons’s beautiful watercolors of seventeenth-century 12 Peter P. McN. Gates, Esq. world ports and the renowned Pieter Schaghen Letter documenting the 13 L. Martin Gibbs, Esq. sale of the island of Manhattes for goods valued at sixty Dutch guilders. Thomas J. Gochberg 14 Lawrence S. Huntington – Chairman Emeritus The show opens on September 13 and runs through January 3, 2010. Richard T. Kennedy The Board and the Staff of the Museum all hope to see you at the show. 15 Christopher Lee While the documents featured in the show are rare and important, 16 Brian McAllister Robert Maher it is the story told by the exhibition that is truly significant: one of 17

Robert H. Moore II uncertain dangers, trade with unknown peoples and – most importantly 18 Harold Reed – the pursuit of new opportunities in a relatively unknown world. The Matthew Santirocco, PhD 19 story of exploration is a universal and everlasting theme – the idea of Frank J. Sciame, Jr. 20 Der Scutt mankind’s new achievements bringing him to, and sustaining him in, Whitney North Seymour, Jr., Esq. new environments was particularly important to one of our dearest 21 Russell Shorto Kelso Sutton Trustees, Walter Cronkite, who passed away on July 17, 2009. 22

John B. Thomson, Jr. Everyone knew Uncle Walter - he was, after all, “the most trusted 23 David B. Vietor man in America.” Cronkite was known for his love of sailing, science, William Y. Yun 24 history and the exploration of Moon. He chose projects that reflected 25 HONORARY TRUSTEES his love of the exploration, particularly his interest in the Apollo 26 Peter A. Aron – Chairman Emeritus missions to the Moon. What many did not know about Mr. Cronkite Marc S. Cohn was his Dutch heritage – perhaps his interest in exploration was not just 27 E. Virgil Conway Sir James Galway the excitement of the age but something deeper in his DNA from his 28 Jakob Isbrandtsen – Chairman Emeritus ancestors who first settled inManhattes. We like to think that he would 29 Mrs. Emil Mosbacher, Jr. Peter Neill – President Emeritus have enjoyed this show. The Museum thanks Mr. Cronkite for all his 30 Fergus Reid III support throughout the years. He be sorely missed. Larry A. Silverstein 31

Howard Slotnick 32 Peter Stanford - Mary Ellen Pelzer, Director Edmund A. Stanley, Jr. 33 Charles O. Svenson Just as a grand adventure to the new world requires the assistance of many 34 Daniel K. Thorne people so does its documentation in an exhibition. The Seaport Museum Ward J. Timken 35 Charles H. Townsend would not have been able to host this show without the partnership of the Terry Walton Nationaal Archief, the Consul General of the Netherlands and our other 36 major supporters: 37

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DirectorSeaport | Mary Ellen Pelzer 39 Editor in Chief | Megan Laurel Maxwell 40 Art Director | Casey Maher

Managing Editor | Lauren Marchisotto 41 Copy Editor | Roselyn Hirsch 42 Contributing Editors 43 Justin H. Davidson, Jack Putnam

44 e-mail [email protected] membership [email protected] 212-748-8766 our March/Arpril/May 2010 double issue of 45 reservations [email protected] 212-748-8786 Seaport will feature the SS normandie. 46

47 Seaport Magazine Petrus Plancius and Jan Baptist Vrients, Orbis Terrae Compendiosa (ISSN 0743-6247) 48 Descripto Ex peritissimorum totius orbis Gaeographorum operibus Editorial offices at 49 12 Fulton Street desunta, 1596. Courtesy of the Nationaal Archief (National Archives of New York, NY 10038 50 212-748-8746 the Netherlands). 51 2 2

3 The boom in piracy following the left an indelible impression of New York City. His first was named the General Armstrong, 3

4 on the infancy of the . A seminal influence was the partnership named after the Secretary of War. 4

5 of Jean and Pierre Lafitte. While their activities were concentrated in In March of 1813, Champlin spied what he thought was a British 5 , where they also took an interest in brigandage and revolution in merchant, about 30 miles east of the mouth of the Surinam (now known 6 6 Latin America, the effects reached all the way up to New York City. as the Republic of ). He tried to engage the ship but the General 7 The Lafitte brothers were from the French Territory Saint Domingue Armstrong was severely undergunned. Champlin was shot in the shoulder 7 8 (present-day ) and came to New Orleans after being displaced during and while he was below with the vessel’s surgeon, he threatened to blow 8

9 the (1791 to 1804). While in New Orleans, they began their the ship if his crew surrendered. General Armstrong was able to get 9 careers as by slaves, which became incredibly lucrative away from the British vessel and returned to New York City. Champlin’s 10 New York & Piracy 10 after the United States outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. About employers were so impressed they gave him a ceremonial sword. 11 11 3,000 people were involved in the brothers’ organization, which was based On the advice of a friend Champlin went to New Orleans and began 12 12 out of the bayous around New Orleans. After the Lafittes aided the United another ship’s chancellery business. Once in New Orleans, Champlin 13 in the Age of the Lafitte Brothers 13 States during the War of 1812, they were pardoned for their previous crimes. met the Lafittes and became involved in slave smuggling, operating on 14 The first known association of the Lafittes with New York City was a dubious privateer commission out of Montevideo. When the Lafittes 14

15 lined with deception. In March of 1813, while the brothers were under took over Galveston Island in 1817, the first ship that came in belonged 15

16 indictment, one of the Lafitte brothers registered as captain of Le to Champlin, and it was loaded down with slaves. However, Champlin’s 16

17 Goelette la Diligente for a journey to New York. They filed a letter of career as a slave smuggler only lasted until he was 32. Because of his 17 by John Otrompke marque (a formal document issued by a government allowing the citizen previous shoulder injury, he could not swim and drowned in 1817. 18 18 to seize goods or citizens of other nations) with the French Consul in New Another compatriot of the Lafittes who operated off of the Southern coast, 19 Orleans. The filed documents referred to a privateering voyage and were Job Northrup, was also from the New York area. By contrast, however, he did 19 20 intended to establish the Lafittes as legitimate pirates (a letter of marquee not seem to be directly involved in slavery – he mostly pursued Spanish 20 21 creates a legal pirate). Though one of the Lafitte brothers sailed on the merchant ships. Born the same year as Champlin, Northrup sailed in the 21

22 Dilligente, it never landed in New York as intended — instead, all prizes on the USS Boxer in 1816. While in the Navy, he witnessed 22

23 landed at near New Orleans. the capture of William Mitchell. Northrup was among the men 23 A couple of years later, however, did make a voyage to the who boarded Mitchell’s ships and saw valuable items, such as one wicker 24 24 north east, notably visiting major cities such as Baltimore, Philadelphia basket containing $10,000 worth of jewels, chinaware and a closet full of 25 25 and Washington, planning to sell out their colleagues in piracy and elaborate clothes. Afterwards, Northrup decided to jump ship and 26 filibustering (freebooting). During the voyage, Jean Lafitte approached joined up with the Lafittes. In 1817, the piracy venture at Galveston 26 27 President Madison about restitution for a couple of captured vessels was established. Northrup met with Louis Aury and decided to sail the 27

28 that had been lost and also reached an agreement with representatives of Independencia (later changed the vessel name to Hotspur) and received 28

29 the Spanish crown to inform on their colleagues. a letter of marquee from the Mexican Republic. 29

30 It is possible that the Lafittes visited New York, as the city was involved Throughout his career as a pirate, Northrup regularly commuted from 30 in the illegal traffic of enslaved Africans (slavery existed in New York as the southern coast to his home in upstate New York about every three 31 31 late as 1827 and slave owners had the right to hire an agent to capture a months. He tried to spend every Christmas in New York and would hold 32 fugitive). Many New York banks, such as First National City Bank (later turkey shoots and provide sleigh rides during the holiday. Northrup retired 32 33 Citibank) got their start financing the importation of newly enslaved from privateering in 1824 after a battle with the Santa Marie, a Spanish 33 34 people into Cuba in the 1830s. Prominent New Yorkers, including New vessel. He returned north and became a stalwart member of his community. 34

35 York City Mayor William Havermeyer, whose family owned Havermeyer He became a financial backer for the First Welland Canal (constructed 35

36 Sugar (later Domino Sugar), prospered from piracy and slave smuggling. between 1824 to 1829 and 1831 to 1833). Northrup also ran a small ship on 36 Judge Rikers, after whose family Rikers Island is named, routinely Lake Ontario until he died of consumption in 1843 at the age of 48. 37 37 approved petitions brought by kidnappers alleging that free African- New York was also involved in the last encounter between the United 38 38 American children living in New York City were escaped slaves. States government and the Lafitte brothers (at this point, the brothers 39 The trend has left a legacy in New York City, not least in the form of were operating out of Galveston Bay in Texas). In the early 1820s the USS 39 40 surviving buildings such as 111 Wall Street, which used to be the First Enterprise (an ancestor of the modern USS Enterprise), 40

41 National City Bank, the Domino Sugar factory in , which is whose home port was the Brooklyn Navy Yards, sailed to Barataria to escort 41

42 visible from the Brooklyn Bridge, and the restaurant and tavern at South the Lafitte brothers and other pirates as they departed the United States. 42

43 Street now known as the Homestead (previously Sweets and a meeting The Lafittes and the United States Navy had reached a deal, whereby 43 place for slavers in the early nineteenth century). the Lafittes agreed to leave the forever, and the United 44 44 While it may be uncertain whether either of the Lafittes entered New States government would not pursue or prosecute them. Once out of 45 45 York City, research has turned up at least two of their colleagues who at reach of the United States government, the Lafittes continued with their 46 one time made the city their home port. One of these seamen was a captain privateering ways around Central American ports until their deaths. 46 47 named Guy R. Champlin, who followed fortune from St. Catherine, near 47

48 Niagara Falls, to Galveston. Champlin operated as an American privateer John Otrompke is a law school graduate, freelance writer and a 48

49 in 1813 and 1814, following a career as a merchant seaman operating out student of human rights and piracy. 49

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51 OVERLEAF: Theodore J. Cornu, The Arrival of Henry Hudson. Courtesy of the Croton Historical Society. 51 2

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13 The War 14 15 Against Piracy: 16

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by Virginia W. Lunsford, Ph.D. 22

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25 The spate of attacks by Somali pirates in recent years has taken the world by surprise. Many are amazed that piracy exists today, and in a form powerful enough 26 to result in hundreds of attacks, numerous ship seizures and the kidnapping of 27

thousands of hostages. As of summer 2009, Somali pirates had seized about one 28

vessel for every five attacked. According to the United States Navy, gangs have 29

attacked 130 ships and seized 28 ships off the coast of Somalia. Global piracy attacks 30 have more than doubled to 240 for the first six months of 2009 compared with 114 31 in the same period last year, according to the International Chamber of Commerce International Maritime Bureau’s Piracy Reporting Centre (IMB). 32 This is not the mythical and romanticized piracy of Hollywood, with ships flying 33 the and dashing, misunderstood captains in search of buried . No, 34

this piracy – like all true piracy – is disturbing, unpredictable, costly and frightening. 35

It has also been, until now, irrepressible. The multi-national naval warships that 36 patrol the waters off the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Aden provide much-needed 37 security. Their vigilance and the turbulent weather of the monsoon season have 38 caused the Somali pirates to be much quieter for several months. However, no one expects this to be the end of Somali piracy, for the monsoon season will end, and 39 as history has revealed, the problem of piracy has never been solved by high seas 40

naval action alone. 41

The “Golden Age” of piracy, from approximately 1570 to around 1730, was 42

the period when seagoing robbery was most prevalent, extensive, profitable and 43 threatening. Throughout the era, a variety of piratical groups practiced their trade 44 around the globe, and their experiences provide instructive case studies of how piracy blooms and flourishes over time. In turn, these cases also suggest ways to 45 analyze the pirates of the contemporary world, including those now operating off 46 the coast of Somalia, so that we can ascertain these modern raiders’ viability and 47

learn how to combat them. 48

Although Golden Age pirates’ means, ends, locations and character often 49 differed strikingly from one another, pirate communities that achieved a 50 lengthy and remunerative existence shared several key qualities. In sum, long- 51 2 2

3 term, intractable, thriving piracy is a complex activity that relies on five season with salt and pepper). 3

4 integral factors to flourish: an available population of potential recruits, Violence aside, the deep-sea pirates 4

5 at least one secure base of operations, a sophisticated organization, some also did serious economic damage. Between 5 degree of outside support and cultural bonds engendering vibrant group approximately 1713 and 1725, their depredations 6 6 solidarity. Actions that interfere with the smooth workings of any of were grave enough to tangibly harm international trade 7 7 these factors weaken piracy’s sustainability. and interfere with Britain’s imperial control over its colonies, 8 The Anglo-American deep-sea pirates – the notorious Golden Age raiders thus instigating a crisis in imperial Britain and necessitating an 8 9 most familiar to modern Americans –represent an instructive example. They official British response, the “War Against Piracy,” declared in 1717. 9

10 are the stereotypical figures who typically come to mind when one hears the This campaign, the direct legal precedent for the United States’ “War 10 word “pirate,” for they were the nomadic, Against Terror” (similarly a war against 11 11 high-seas marauders of European and a phenomenon, not a political entity), 12 12 American descent – the Blackbeards and resulted in victory, and a rather efficient 13 Captain Kidds, as it were – who roamed the victory at that: by 1730, the deep sea 13 14 seas in sailing ships in search of valuable pirates were no more. How did the British 14

15 plunder. Active from about 1690 to 1730, government triumph over these notorious 15

16 their activities peaked between 1713 and maritime criminals, and triumph so 16

17 1725 when they, attacked merchant ships quickly? The War Against Piracy was 17 trading in the American colonies, the effective by employing a combination 18 18 East Indies, the Indian Ocean and along of methods: the proclamation of a time- 19 the African coast. For all of their modern sensitive , greatly increased naval 19 20 fame as “swashbuckling heroes,” their ways patrols, a tightening of governance over 20 21 were characteristically violent; while pure certain colonial possessions and mass 21

22 robbery was their goal, they committed prosecutions and spectacular executions 22

23 brutal acts of murder, rape and torture to of convicted pirates (processed through 23 achieve their aims. Britain’s Royal Navy and its courts). 24 24 Deep-sea pirate captain Thomas Anstis So what, then, does the history of the 25 25 and his crew are but one example. Among deep sea pirates teach us, and how can we 26 Anstis’ deeds was the violent abuse of a apply these lessons to the contemporary 26 27 captive female passenger whom Anstis case of Somali piracy? History seems 27

28 and twenty of his men raped and threw to suggest that a combination of strong 28

29 overboard, after having broken her back. naval power and ruthlessly efficient naval 29

30 The notorious , in reality a prosecution and punishment, prefaced by 30 former privateer named Edward Teach, the carrot of a government pardon, solved 31 As the rest of the world considers 31 committed numerous abuses, including the early eighteenth-century piracy 32 what to do about the increasingly 32 shooting members of his own crew in order problem. However, there is more to it than Above: June 1970. On a New beach, Touching Leaves Woman visits the Atlantic Ocean for the first 33 33 to assert his dominance, terrorizing the problematic phenomenon of modern this. In fact, Britain’s anti-piracy policies time. Photograph by James Rementer. Opposite: Touching Leaves tells the people of New York to remember 34 denizens of coastal North Carolina and Somali piracy, we must think beyond worked so quickly because the deep- the Lenape and to take good care of the land of her ancestors. Photograph by Paul J. Oestreicher. 34 35 sexually assaulting local women. He even mere naval solutions on the high sea pirates were already in a weakened 35 36 went so far as to arrange the gang rape state in relation to the five key factors 36 of a sixteen-year-old plantation owner’s seas and consider the five factors outlined above. That is, the pirates did 37 37 daughter so that he could watch, for he not possess a secure base of operations, 38 underlying long and productive 38 viewed such events as “entertainment.” The did not enjoy a steady pool of recruits, did the formal protection of another state or other organized outside party; at least in terms of their longevity, degree of 39 worst may have been the sadistic Edward piracy in the past. not possess the support or sponsorship of they were on their own. And while culturally they shared key attributes violence or number of victims. The depredations of 39 40 Low and his crew, a group of barbarous powerful outside parties, were not tightly (e.g., youth, Anglo-American origins, occupational backgrounds as sailors, the Barbary corsairs of North Africa lasted some 300 years, 40

41 miscreants characterized by a contemporary source as “inhumane organized and did not feel a keen sense of group solidarity. Despite their economic deprivation, lowly social status and a lack of formal education), and the brutally violent, seventeenth-century of 41

42 wretches…. [who] were dead to all Goodness.” Indeed, the source active, even frenetic, marauding, their strength was ultimately transitory and manifested some operational similarities (e.g., the use of the Jolly the were active for over a half-century. Both communities 42

43 opined, “Of all the pyratical Crews that were ever heard of, and superficial and thus relatively easy to break. Roger ensign and the election of their captains), these commonalities enjoyed the strengths conferred by the “five factors,” and thus did not 43 none of the English Name came up to this, in Barbarity…” Such deficits were not for a lack of trying. The pirates tried to establish did not translate into intense bonds of solidarity or an organizational collapse until those factors were somehow interrupted. In other words, naval 44 44 Their crimes included stabbing, slicing, and a base of operations at Providence Island, in the Bahamas, and attempted structure that transcended each individual ship or resulted in a cohesive power alone was not sufficient to permanently eradicate the piracy. 45 45 disemboweling victims; burning captives alive; to use some of the smaller islands in the Caribbean as refuges, but the whole greater than the sum of its parts. Ultimately, Britain’s War Against As the rest of the world considers what to do about the increasingly 46 bludgeoning and torture; shooting bullets imperial authorities of Britain and Spain, respectively, prevented this. The Piracy was the deep-sea pirates’ coup de grâce, not the dominant agent in problematic phenomenon of modern Somali piracy, we must think beyond 46 47 down captives’ throats; and forcing pirates’ recruiting was haphazard and erratic, for they relied on sailors the phenomenon’s demise. mere naval solutions on the high seas and consider the five factors underlying 47

48 victims to slice off and eat their (often impressed) from captive ships to meet their personnel needs, rather This conclusion is borne out even more convincingly by further study of long and productive piracy in the past. Today’s Somali pirates enjoy a large 48

49 own ears and lips (which than having access to a reliable population of volunteers. While various other pirate communities. For all the hazards the deep-sea pirates posed to population of available and trained potential recruits, make great use of 49 Low perversely ordered private individuals in ports such as New York and Charleston traded with European commerce, and for all of their notoriety in the modern world, they secure bases of operation, are strongly organized and have the potential for 50 50 the victims to particular deep-sea pirates, the pirates did not collectively benefit from were not the most problematic or dangerous of the Golden Age marauders, intense solidarity. Volunteers join out of pure financial desperation, as the 51 51 2 2

3 economic conditions are excessively bleak in this most extreme example of terms of support, beyond the sponsorship 3

4 a failed state. To evade pursuit after seizing a prize, pirates take captured of corrupt Somali governing authorities and 4

5 vessels directly to Somali waters – i.e., within the twelve-mile limit that marks businessmen, Somali émigrés in countries such as 5 Somalia’s sovereign boundary – to base camps adjacent to coastal port villages. Britain and Yemen fund and shelter the pirates’ business 6 6 Most of these camps are located between Eyl in the north and Kismayo ventures. While no government has any sort of formal 7 7 in the south, and the pirates are based agreement with the pirates, 8 primarily in the semi-autonomous region authorities remain concerned and 8 9 of Puntland. They also utilize previously Somali pirates possess secure bases, a large watchful about possible alliances between 9

10 captured ships as sea-going bases (“mother pool of recruits, formal organization, cultural Somali pirates and terrorist groups. 10

11 ships”). Organizationally, the piracy is bonds and support from outside. Although Without a doubt, the key to 11 institutionalized into separate networks hardworking naval personnel in the waters eradicating Somali piracy is in disrupting 12 12 with formal names such as “The Central off the Horn of Africa may capture a pirate the larger, complex system that supports 13 Regional Coast Guard,” and entwined crew here or there, bring them back to places it. It is essential to protect maritime 13 14 with the clan system that is so influential such as New York for trial or intimidate commerce in the region and to intercept 14 15 in Somalia. Moving up the food chain, the them from attacking in the first place, the pirates on the high seas through the 15 enterprise allegedly has been controlled use of naval and/or coast guard assets. The 16 unfortunately there are always more pirate 16 by elements within the Somali government multi-national naval forces (which include 17 recruits waiting in the wings. 17 (such as it is) as well as businessmen and United States Navy ships and personnel) 18 18 governing officials in Puntland. It is not should continue to meet this objective. 19 known how intense the bonds of solidarity and cohesion are between the Moreover, perpetrators should be prosecuted, as will happen to the Somali 19 20 pirates, but reports indicate that infighting is rare, and one would guess that pirate captured after the Maersk Alabama episode last spring; he will be tried 20 21 relations are strong, since the piracy overlays the indigenous clan system. In by the United States Federal court in New York City. However, naval ships at 21

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36 Above: June 1970. On a beach, Touching Leaves Woman visits the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Photograph 36

37 by James Rementer. Opposite: Touching Leaves tells the people of New York to remember the Lenape and to take good care of 37 the land of her ancestors. Photograph by Paul J. Oestreicher. 38 38

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41 sea monitoring trade are not enough to eradicate Somali piracy definitively. first place, unfortunately there are always more pirate recruits 41

42 In fact, it is unreasonable to expect that naval power, by itself, working without waiting in the wings. History teaches us that until we confront and 42

43 further support and charged with escort duties and patrolling a vast expanse deal with the system supporting the piracy, the piracy problem will only 43 of open sea, can eliminate the problem. Britain’s eighteenth-century “War become bigger and more intractable. We must be careful not to draw the 44 44 Against Piracy” may have succeeded against the infamous Deep-Sea Pirates, wrong lesson from Britain’s eighteenth-century “War against Piracy.” The 45 but this historical case demonstrates that this was because these marauders British won that war, yes, but in conditions that were very different from 45 46 were already weak in relation to the five factors integral to durable piracy. those that currently exist along the east coast of Africa. E 46 47 This is not the case in today’s Somalia. Somali pirates possess secure bases, 47

48 a large pool of recruits, formal organization, cultural bonds and support Virginia W. Lunsford, Ph. D. is an Associate Professor in the History 48

49 from outside. Although hardworking naval personnel in the waters off the Department at the United States Naval Academy. She is the author of 49 Horn of Africa may capture a pirate crew here or there, bring them back to Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands. 50 50 places such as New York for trial or intimidate them from attacking in the 51 51 2 2

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33 by Douglas R. Burnett 33

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35 Since at least the eighteenth century, the symbol of the 35

36 Admiralty Court in England has been a silver oar. The silver oar, 36 a nautical mace, indicated that the court that displayed it did so 37 37 under its admiralty jurisdiction. Inserted in the top of a staff, the 38 38 silver oar was carried before the judge when he went into court 39 and was then laid on the bench in front of the judge while he sat 39 40 in session. The silver oar was the outward symbol of the authority 40

41 derived from the Crown to seize ships and arrest persons for civil 41

42 and criminal cases that occurred on the high seas. These cases 42

43 involved lucrative prize adjudications, forfeiture of ships and 43 cargos for customs violations, and piracy. 44 44 The court’s jurisdiction over piracy is shown in the woodcut 45 that depicts the execution of a pirate on the banks of the Thames 45 46 under the watchful eye of the marshal of the admiralty court 46 47 charged with carrying out the execution, the silver oar firmly in his 47

48 grasp. A similar fate fell to the famous American pirate Captain 48

49 Kidd, a resident of 56 Wall Street, who was arrested in 1700 after 49 supposedly burying his treasure on Gardiners Island, near Long 50 50 Island. Transferred to London for trial, Kidd was convicted of 51 51 2 2

3 piracy and hanged the following year. 3

4 The silver oar was also used in the Vice-Admiralty Courts in 4

5 the colonies, including the court in New York, whose records date 5 from October 5, 1678. The silver oar, which survives in its original 6 6 condition, was manufactured around 1725 by the famous New 7 7 York silversmith Charles LeRoux. After the last session of the New 8 York Vice-Admiralty Court on December 19, 1775, the last Marshal 8 9 of the court, Thomas Ludlow, Jr. kept the silver oar and passed it 9

10 on to his descendants. When the oar was offered as collateral for 10

11 a loan in New York in 1941, it was purchased by the Maritime Law 11 Association of the United States. The oar was then presented as a 12 12 gift to the United States District Court for the Southern District of 13 13 New York, the direct admiralty court descendent of the New York 14 14 Vice-Admiralty Court, at a ceremony on February 14, 1941. 15 The Admiralty Court in New York had not had to deal with 15 16 piracy since around 1820, which marked the end of the wars of 16

17 independence between Spain and its former colonies in South 17

America. That changed on April 21, 2009, when the United 18 18 States filed a complaint against Abduwali Abdukahadir Muse, 19 19 the leader of the pirate band that attempted to take the US flag 20 20 merchant vessel Maersk Alabama. Muse was charged with five 21 21 counts of violating the law of the United States including piracy, Above: June 1970. On a New Jersey beach, Touching Leaves Woman 22 22 conspiracy, the use of firearms to commit crimes, threatening to visits the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Photograph by James

Remente to take good care of the land of her ancestors. 23 23 kill the Maersk Alabama’s captain and committing violent acts

on the high seas. The trial is scheduled to begin in early 2010. 24 24

According to the complaint, Muse and three other pirates under customary international law to which the United States adheres. 25 25 his authority hijacked the Maersk Alabama and members of its UNCLOS provides for universal jurisdiction by all nations over 26 26 crew on April 8, 2009. The ship’s master was captured, along pirates and their vessels and authorizes warships to take action real deterrent in the present procedures, employed on an ad hoc Above: June 1970. On a New Jersey beach, Touching 27 27 with three other crewmen. The rest of the crew, led by the ship’s against any vessel suspected of piracy. Moreover, the United basis by an assortment of nations. Leaves Woman visits the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 28 28 Chief Engineer resisted and sank the pirates’ skiff. Ultimately, Nations Security Council has passed directives that the armed The shipping industry and marine insurance underwriters are Photograph by James Remente to take good care of the land

of her ancestors. 29 29 the pirates left the ship in one of its lifeboats with the master as forces of UN members pursue pirates into Somalia’s territorial also to blame for piracy’s resurgence. In many cases, ships are

30 30 hostage. The U.S. Bainbridge, a Navy destroyer named after an seas and even use military forces to destroy the pirate bases but grossly lax in basic precautions to deter pirates which would make

American hero who first gained notoriety fighting the Barbary no such action has occurred. their ships harder targets. These measures include participation in 31 31 pirates, prevented the lifeboat from reaching shore, rescued the What is evident, however, is a lack of political will on the part of naval convoys, high speed (above 15 knots) transits, razor wire on 32 32 master and killed the three pirates with a well-executed SEAL nations to pursue pirates. Many nations restrict naval forces in gunwales, extra lookouts, Long Range Acoustic Devices (LRAD), 33 33 sniper attack. Muse, wounded in the hand by merchant mariners their use of force and many, the United States included, have let charged fire hoses, safe rooms, evasive maneuvering, crew codes The silver oar was 34 34 fighting to save themselves and their ship, had gone aboard the their domestic laws on piracy atrophy in the almost 200 years since to indicate order given under duress, MAY DAY communications, also used in the 35 35 destroyer to treat his wound and was captured. piracy was last present on a large scale. The United States piracy enhanced lighting, crew training in use of small arms, hiring This incident is only one of more than 260 attacks on merchant code was enacted in 1848 and is now obsolete. The prosecution of security teams or armed escort vessels and other commonsense 36 36 Vice-Admiralty ships by pirates operating out of Somali bases since 2008. At Muse is unusual in that the case fits the narrow requirements of requirements. Instead, many ship owners deliberately avoid these 37 37 least 21 merchant mariners have been killed by these pirates. In the statute which requires that pirates attack United States flag expenses, training and precautions. They prefer to see piracy as a Courts in the 38 38 2009 alone, more than 50 vessels were captured and the crews ships in order to be prosecuted. Most ships carrying United States business expense and rely on insurance to deal with the problem 39 39 were held for ransom for months at a time. The ransom costs to trade fly foreign flags of convenience whose flag states lack naval after the fact. This attitude and an absence of proactive actions to colonies, including 40 40 date are over $150 million and the cost to the shipping industry in forces. In the United Kingdom, captured pirates can claim asylum. protect and harden their ships, make the pirates even bolder. 41 41 increased fuel, insurance premiums, and crew and cargo delay is In Germany, naval vessels have no power to arrest pirates, and Hopefully, the silver oar recently dusted off for the trial of the court in New estimated to be between $13 and16 billion. Muse in New York will see more trials for piracy and meaningful 42 42 in most nations, there is a general reluctance to use naval forces York, whose 43 43 This recent explosion in piracy threatens the freedom of the against pirates. Moreover, nations eschew the thought of actually punishments for those convicted of piracy. Perhaps political

seas upon which the world’s global economy depends. Historically, trying pirates in their national courts because of gaps in their laws leaders, ship owners, crews and underwriters will soon realize that 44 44 records date from pirates thrive in a power vacuum where there is no rule of law. and logistics. The result is a notorious “catch and release” policy they all have a vital role to play in putting the piracy genie back in 45 45 While Somalia has a failed government in place, failed states do not whereby armed pirates who are captured are scolded, disarmed the bottle from which it has so recently escaped. E October 5, 1678. 46 necessarily result in outbreaks of piracy. Other factors are at play. and told not to attack ships before they are allowed to leave on 46 47 International law is not at fault. For centuries, piracy has been their boats, free to rearm and strike again. Douglas R. Burnett is a maritime partner at Squire, Sanders, 47

48 recognized as a crime. The United Nations Convention of the The pirate business model has few downsides. If successful, & Dempsey, L.L.P. and retired Captain, U.S. Navy. He is the 48

49 Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) states the customary law in a treaty of pirates can receive ransoms of between one and three million Chairman of the Subcommittee on International Law of the 49 which 158 nations are parties. Even though the United States, a dollars. Unless the pirates make the mistake of shooting at a Sea (2008-Present) and a designated a proctor in admiralty 50 50 signatory, has not ratified UNCLOS, its official position is that it is warship, their chances of being punished are remote. There is no by the Maritime Law Association of the United States. 51 51 2 2

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36 36 The Seaman’s Church Institute has been getting a lot of calls about even a fast food seafood chain are marketed with pirates’ names. 37 37 pirates lately. When the Seaman’s Church Institute (SCI) began working on Some real pirates, however, were great personalities whose exploits spawned 38 38 piracy issues in the early 1990s, people wanted to know about pirates in the larger than life myths and legends and influenced literature, television and 39 Malacca Straights. Now, the questions are about Somali pirates. The callers cinema. Even before Robert Louis Stevenson’s classic adventure Treasure 39 40 are journalists, governmental authorities, students and the just plain curious. Island, tales about pirates captured imaginations across the globe. 40

41 Most want a pirate to interview or to talk to a seafarer who has been attacked The accomplishments of some pirates are still celebrated to this day. In 41

42 by pirates, or want to know what can be done to stop piracy (e.g., why can’t Germany, for example, an annual festival commemorates the triumphs of Klaus 42

43 merchant mariners be armed). Even though SCI cannot offer much help, Stortebecker, a Baltic pirate who was similar to Robin Hood in several aspects. 43 these inquiries underscore the enduring fascination with pirates. According to legend, Störtebecker and his crew were condemned to death by 44 44 Real pirates bear little resemblance to their portrayal in popular culture. beheading in Hamburg in 1401. Störtebecker made a deal with his executioners 45 In popular culture, they are romanticized characters with a positive image. to spare as many of his crew as he could walk past after being beheaded.The 45 46 Fictionalized pirates are entertaining and good for business. For example, Walt headless captain walked past eleven of his crew before he was tripped by the 46 47 Disney Pictures recently announced a fourth installment (tentatively titled executioner (who did not honor the deal). 47

48 : ) in the wildly popular Pirates of One of the most successful pirates of all time was a Chinese woman 48

49 the Caribbean film franchise that stars Johnny Depp as pirate Captain Jack named Ching Shih. After inheriting her pirate husband’s fleet upon his 49 Sparrow. In addition, kids dress up as pirates for Halloween, professional and death in 1807, she took over the operations. Ching Shih commanded respect 50 50 collegiate sports teams are named after pirates and several brands of rum and and loyalty through her brutally successful attacks, her strict and rigorously 51 51

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11 enforced code and her fleet on ships. Early rulers responded as the use of force, arming merchant that makes regular runs through the 11 expansion. She retired from piracy by creating an extraordinary legal ships and prosecuting pirates. A Gulf of Aden. 12 12 in 1810 after negotiating an amnesty theory unique to piracy. Because critical issue that remains unexam- In preparation for transiting the 13 13 for herself and much of her crew. piracy was considered a particularly ined is what happens to merchant Gulf of Aden, the crew prepared 14 When she retired, it was said that heinous crime, pirates were deemed mariners who have been threatened the main engine for a high-speed 14 15 she had relinquished command of to be Hostis Humani Generis, or or attacked by pirates. run and grates were installed over 15

16 more than 17,000 pirates operating enemies of all humanity. Piracy Since 2003, pirates have kid- ladders between decks. The team 16 a fleet of more than two hundred became, as early as in Cicero’s time, napped or taken hostage more than on the bridge updated procedures 17 17 large oceangoing ships and eight a universal crime, and it remains so 2,800 merchant mariners, and they and communication plans. Although 18 18 hundred small ships. today. This means that any country’s have robbed or attacked many more. the ship used the internationally 19 The pirate codes from the sev- government can prosecute pirates, What happened to the seafarers after recommended transit corridor 19 20 enteenth and eighteenth centu- irrespective of their nationality or their release or after being attacked? through the Gulf of Aden, it did not 20 21 ries, considered the Golden Age of where the act of piracy occurred. Did they continue their seafaring ca- sail in a warship escorted convoy. 21

22 Piracy, are astonishing. At a time In 2008, Somali pirates rekindled reers? Are they fit to work on ships? Rather, the ship ran through the 22

23 when autocrats controlled most of governments’ attention to piracy. Do they need continuing medical Gulf at 25 knots, passing all other 23 the world, democratically elected The dramatic increase in attacks attention? Do they receive medical ships. When a suspicious vessel 24 24 leaders, governing with constitu- off the coast of Somalia, including attention? Where do they get help to was reported ahead of us, a NATO 25 25 tion like codes, commanded pirate hijacking the M/V Faina with its deal with the aftermath of surviving warship and aircraft responded, 26 ships. The strictly enforced rules cargo of 33 T-72 tanks and other a piracy incident? No one knows. No and the Maersk Idaho maintained a 26 27 provided for dividing spoils, incen- weapons; the M/T Sirius Star, loaded one seems to keep comprehensive high degree of vigilance to prevent 27

28 tive pay and disability insurance. with $100,000,000 of crude oil; and records of seafarers attacked by pi- pirates from boarding. Fortunately, it 28

29 The codes allowed for egalitarian- ships carrying United Nations rates. No one knows what happens was a false alarm. 29

30 ism and diversity. People from all World Program aid, prompted an to them long-term. The clinical study is just one step 30 rungs of society found their way amazing international response. The In response, the SCI is initiating, towards focusing more attention 31 31 onto pirate ships, including escaped United Nations Security Council in conjunction with the Disaster on merchant mariners, critical for 32 African slaves, who were shunned adopted five resolutions addressing Psychiatry Outreach at the Mount ethical and practical reasons. World 32 33 from society ashore. Pirates ac- piracy off the coast of Somalia. But, Sinai School of Medicine and the commerce depends on merchant 33 34 cepted in their ranks all manner of none of these resolutions cited the New York Psychoanalytic Society shipping. More than 90% of world 34

35 people, including escaped African protection of merchant mariners as and Institute, a ground-breaking trade travels by ship, but, an acute 35

36 slaves, who found little acceptance a rationale for international efforts clinical study to assess the effects of shortage of trained and experienced 36 in society ashore. to suppress piracy in Somalia. piracy on merchant mariners. This merchant mariners threatens 37 37 This blending of fact, myth, A Contact Group on Piracy off study will go beyond examining shipping, and by extension, world 38 38 literature and cinema has created an the Coast of Somalia, consisting how pirate attacks and hostage- prosperity. With piracy an ongoing 39 image of pirates as basically good of twenty-four nations, several taking affect seafarers. It will also threat, the industry risks losing 39 40 people fighting injustice under international organizations and look at the stress of simply travelling not only individuals considering a 40

41 a code of honor while unfettered Above: June 1970. On a New Jersey beach, Touching Leaves Woman visits the maritime industry representatives, through pirate-infested waters. career as a merchant mariner but 41 Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Photograph by James Rementer. Opposite: 42 by societal constraints. Popular was established to facilitate and The lessons learned from the study also those seamen who, because of 42 Touching Leaves tells the people of New York to remember the Lenape and to take Above: June 1970. On a New Jersey beach, Touching Leaves Woman visits the culture, for the most part, overlooks coordinate efforts implementing will help SCI advise merchant piracy, decide to seek employment 43 good care of the land of her ancestors. Photograph by Paul J. Oestreicher. Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Photograph by James Rementer. Opposite: 43 the reality that pirates brutalized Security Council Resolution 1851. mariners, shipowners, chaplains, first Touching Leaves tells the people of New York to remember the Lenape and to elsewhere. 44 44 seafarers on the ships they attacked. More than 25 countries have sent responders and seafarers’ families take good care of the land of her ancestors. Photograph by Paul J. Oestreicher. Pirates will always remain a great 45 45 In the rare instances where seafarers receive attention in films and elsewhere, naval units to patrol waters off Somalia. Also, the International Maritime on how to deal with piracy-generated source of fascination, entertainment 46 they are inaccurately portrayed either as cowards for surrendering their ships Organization recently updated its guidelines for flag states and ship stress, how to cope with being held captive and how to deal with trauma and discussion. But whenever the topic arises, take a moment to think about 46 47 or as functionaries of the establishment who deserved to be attacked (e.g., Lord operators on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy. These are just a few caused by a pirate attack. the seafarers. E 47

48 Cutler Beckett from the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise). examples of how governments have responded to Somali pirates. To see first-hand how an experienced ship’s crew responds to the threats 48

49 Governments have viewed pirates in a very different light – as criminal Almost every day, somewhere in the world, there is a seminar, conference of piracy, in August 2009, I joined the crew of the Maersk Idaho in Port Said Douglas B. Stevenson is the Director for the Center of Seafarers’ Rights at 49 thugs who threatened commerce, political stability and security. Pirates or other discussion on piracy. However, most of the piracy discussions and and travelled through the Suez Canal, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (Pirate the Seaman’s Church Institute, located in the Seaport Historic District 50 50 have been attacking commerce for as long as goods have been transported measures concentrate on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy, such Alley) to Jebel Ali. This 958- foot, American flag container ship is one of many in New York City. 51 51 2 2

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26 The opening of New Amsterdam: The Island at the Center of the World was held on 26 September 12, 2009. The Prince of Orange and Princess Máxima of the Netherlands 27 27 were in attendance and received a private tour of the exhibition. The exhibition is 28 a joint collaboration between the South Street Seaport Museum and the Nationaal 28

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51 51 FOR RESERVATIONS i CALL 212-748-8786 L EMAIL [email protected] r g FOR RESERVATIONS i CALL 212-748-8786 L EMAIL [email protected] r g MUSEUM TOURS FREE FRIDAYS Free with Museum Admission CALENDAR OF EVENTS FAMILY December 2009 - January - February 2010 NEW AMSTERDAM: ISLAND AT PROGRAMS THE CENTER OF THE WORLD Family Programs are designed for children Saturday, December 5 & 19, 2009 age four and older, along with their families. 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm Programs are free with Museum admission 12 Fulton Street unless otherwise noted. The centerpiece of this exhibition, spon- sored by the Dutch National Archives, is holiday the original letter mentioning the 1626 pur- chase of Manhattan. Rare maps, plans, and HOLIDAY CRAFTS views of the early Dutch settlement will Saturday, December 12, 2010 LIGHTS shed new light on the origins of our city. 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street Free with Museum admission. It’s that time of year! Come celebrate Christmas, Chanukah and Kwanzaa at the IT’S ALIVE SPECIAL EVENTS Museum by designing your own candles and Sunday, January 10 & 24, 2010 other holiday ornaments. 1-2pm Peking’s Living Harbor Wet Lab MEMBERS’ HOLIDAY PARTY Handle samples of local marine life in the Friday, December 4, 2009 Museum’s Living Harbor Wet Lab. Learn HOLIDAY LIGHTS 6-8pm 12 Fulton Street about our fragile ecosystem and how to Come sample the wassail at this festive annual event. Crafts, goodies Friday, December 18, 2009 protect it. Free with Museum admission. and entertainment will be provided, so bring the family! $10 Suggested 5-8pm Ship lighting on Pier 16 Member donation/ $15 Guest. Reservations Required. Craft activity 12 Fulton Street THE PRINTER’S CRAFT Celebrate the season with the annual holiday Saturday, January 16 & 30, 2010 lighting of the Amrbose and Peking, along 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm with a holiday craft activity for the family. INTRODUCING MINI MATES: 211 Water Street THE NEW TODDLER PLAY GROUP The activity of New York’s seaport could THE STATEN ISLAND FERRY Every Wednesday not function without job printers such as 1-2:30pm 12 Fulton Street Friday, January 15, 2010 Bowne & Co. Join us for a tour of our fully Ahoy, moms and dads! There be some changes coming in 2010 as the 5-8 pm 12 Fulton Street operational 19th century printer’s shop. Patricia Salmon, curator of History for the Free with Museum admission. revolutionary new Imagination Playground prepares to open on John NO BATTERIES REQUIRED Street. In addition to our many maritime-themed activities and stories, Staten Island Museum and author of The the museum will offer the “Imagination Playground in a Box,” making Saturday, January 9, 2010 Staten Island Ferry: A History will read DECODENCE: LEGENDARY from her book, sign copies, and talk about the principles of unstructured free play accessible to your toddlers. Call 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street INTERIORS AND ILLUSTRIOUS the history of the Staten Island Ferry. or email for rates and reservations. The Museum would like to ac- Step back in time to have fun with toys from TRAVELERS ABOARD THE SS the 19th century. Then decorate a toy to take knowledge a recent donation of NORMANDIE $2,000, made by Maria Walker home with you! 1741: THE NEW YORK NORMANDIE CONSPIRACY Saturday February 20 & 27, 2010 in memory of her father Denny. 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm LECTURE AND BOOK SIGNING A resident of Liverpool, Eng- SAILOR’S VALENTINE Friday, February 19, 2010 Saturday, February 13, 2010 12 Fulton Street Saturday, January 9, 2010 land, Denny loved the Seaport, 5-8pm 12 Fulton Street The Normandie was the largest, longest, 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street 2-4pm 12 Fulton Street and especially the Wavertree. Join historian Michael A. Lord for a & fastest vessel in her day; a tour de force Like sailors of yore, create a sailor’s valentine Join acclaimed maritime author John Maxtone-Graham for an According to Maria, the Sea- discussion of some of the issues, events, and of decoration and design at the height of afternoon devoted to the legendary French icon of , port was Denny’s first and last stop on every visit to New using sea shells and other decorations as individuals surrounding the conspiracy of the Art Deco period. Join us for a tour the 1741 Spanish slave insurrection and its Normandie. Light refreshements will be served. $20 Members / $25 Non- York. We are very happy to say that Maria’s gift will go to gifts for friends and loved ones. of this breathtaking exhibition. Free with aftermath. Members. Reservations required. support the restoration of the Wavertree. Museum admission.

PURCHASE TICKETS AT WWW.SOUTHSTREETSEAPORTMUSEUM.ORG PURCHASE TICKETS AT WWW.SOUTHSTREETSEAPORTMUSEUM.ORG FOR RESERVATIONS i CALL 212-748-8786 L EMAIL [email protected] r g FOR RESERVATIONS i CALL 212-748-8786 L EMAIL [email protected] r g December January february IN THE GALLERIES MUSEUM MEMBERSHIP NEW AMSTERDAM: Become a member and enjoy these benefits: INTRODUCING MINI MATES: INTRODUCING MINI MATES: INTRODUCING MINI MATES: THE ISLAND AT THE CENTER Free unlimited admission to all Museum galleries and ships Invitations to exhi- THE NEW TODDLER PLAY GROUP THE NEW TODDLER PLAY GROUP THE NEW TODDLER PLAY GROUP bition openings and special museum events Free one-year subscriptions to Sea- OF THE WORLD port, the quarterly Museum Magazine, which includes Broadside Calendar of Events Every Wednesday Every Wednesday Every Wednesday 12 Fulton Street A monthly electronic calendar of events Discounts on Ocean Liner events 1-2:30pm 12 Fulton Street 1-2:30pm 12 Fulton Street 1-2:30pm 12 Fulton Street (closes January 3, 2010) E-mail announcements of special events and promotions $5 discount on public harbor sails on Pioneer $5 discount on all two-hour public harbor sails MEMBERS’ HOLIDAY PARTY NO BATTERIES REQUIRED SAILOR’S VALENTINE DECODENCE: on tugboat W.O. Decker $2.00 off on admission to the Museum’s public programs, LEGENDARY INTERIORS AND including lectures, walking tours, performances and special events for you and your Friday, December 4, 2009 FAMILY PROGRAM FAMILY PROGRAM guests 10% discount on purchases in Bowne & Co. Stationers 6-8pm 12 Fulton Street ILLUSTRIOUS TRAVELERS ABOARD THE Saturday, January 9, 2010 Saturday, February 13, 2010 SS NORMANDIE 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street 12 Fulton Street THREE EASY WAYS TO JOIN: NEW AMSTERDAM: ISLAND AT (opens February 2010) 9 WEB www.southstreetseaportmuseum.org iCALL 212-748-8766 THE CENTER OF THE WORLD NORMANDIE FREE FRIDAY: 1741: L EMAIL [email protected] Saturday, December 5, 2009 LECTURE AND BOOK SIGNING THE NEW YORK CONSPIRACY 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm Saturday, January 9, 2010 Friday, February 19, 2010 THE MUSEUM’S EXHIBITIONS & PROGRAMS RECEIVE SUPPORT FROM: 12 Fulton Street 2-4pm 12 Fulton Street 5-8pm 12 Fulton Street

HOLIDAY CRAFTS IT’S ALIVE DECODENCE: LEGENDARY FAMILY PROGRAM Sunday, January 10, 2010 INTERIORS AND ILLUSTRIOUS Saturday, December 12, 2009 1-2pm Peking’s Living Harbor Wet Lab TRAVELERS ABOARD THE SS 12-4pm 12 Fulton Street NORMANDIE FREE FRIDAYS: Saturday February 20 and 27, 2010 FREE FRIDAY: HOLIDAY LIGHTS THE STATEN ISLAND FERRY 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm HOURS AND TICKETING Friday, December 18, 2009 Friday, January 15, 2010 12 Fulton Street 5-8pm Ship lighting on Pier 16 5-8 pm 12 Fulton Street Through January 3, 2010 Craft activity 12 Fulton Street Tuesday – Sunday, 10am to 6pm THE PRINTER’S CRAFT Museum Store: Monday – Sunday, 10am to 7pm NEW AMSTERDAM: ISLAND AT Saturday, January 16, 2010 THE CENTER OF THE WORLD 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm January 4, 2010 – March 31, 2010 Saturday, December 19, 2009 211 Water Street Thursday – Sunday, 10am to 5pm 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm Museum Store: Monday – Sunday, 10am to 5pm 12 Fulton Street IT’S ALIVE Maritime Craft Center Sunday, January 24, 2010 Pier 15 under the bowsprit of the Wavertree 1-2pm Peking’s Living Harbor Wet Lab Bowne & Co., Stationers THE PRINTER’S CRAFT 211 Water Street Saturday, January 30, 2010 OF A PRESIDENT: Tuesday – Sunday, 10am to 5pm (in November and December, Bowne & Co. is open till 7pm) 12:30-1:30pm and 2:30-3:30pm FDR AND THE SEA 12 Fulton Street 211 Water Street Admission MONARCHS OF THE SEA: $12 adults, $10 students/seniors with ID Celebrating the Ocean Liner Era $8 children (aged 5-12) Walter Lord Gallery, 209 Water Street Children under 5 and Museum Members are free.

PURCHASE TICKETS AT WWW.SOUTHSTREETSEAPORTMUSEUM.ORG PURCHASE TICKETS AT WWW.SOUTHSTREETSEAPORTMUSEUM.ORG ers | | ers th

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