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Nocturnal Survey Guidelines Owls, Nighthawks and Whip-Poor-Wills Present Atlas Surveyors with Several Challenges
Nocturnal Survey Guidelines Owls, nighthawks and Whip-poor-wills present atlas surveyors with several challenges. Although many Minnesota species, including thrushes and marsh birds, may vocalize at sunset, pre-dawn, or even at night, most can be detected during early morning and daytime surveys. The surveyor’s chances of detecting most owls, however, as well as the common nighthawk and whip-poor-will, will be considerably enhanced by adding nocturnal surveys. Owls Minnesota’s 11 owl species are a mix of permanent, non-migratory residents (Eastern Screech Owl, Great Horned Owl and Barred Owl); summer residents (Long-eared Owl, Short-eared Owl, and Saw-whet Owl) and three species whose summer populations probably include both permanent residents and migratory invaders (Boreal Owl, Northern Hawk Owl and Great Gray Owl). The Burrowing Owl is an extremely rare summer resident in the western grassland region and the Barn Owl has been an erratic species whose status as a permanent resident or migratory invader is unknown. Three of these species tend to be more diurnal and the chances of seeing them during the day are relatively good. They include two open habitat species, the Short-eared Owl and Burrowing Owl, and one forest species, the Northern Hawk Owl. Like marsh hawks, Short- eared Owls can often be seen flying low over wet grasslands and marshes hunting for prey during the morning and early evening hours. The Burrowing Owl, a very rare nesting species in the state, is prominent as it stands as a sentinel atop its nesting burrow, just inches above the surrounding grassland. -
The Relationships of the Starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnini) and the Mockingbirds (Sturnidae: Mimini)
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STARLINGS (STURNIDAE: STURNINI) AND THE MOCKINGBIRDS (STURNIDAE: MIMINI) CHARLESG. SIBLEYAND JON E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--OldWorld starlingshave been thought to be related to crowsand their allies, to weaverbirds, or to New World troupials. New World mockingbirdsand thrashershave usually been placed near the thrushesand/or wrens. DNA-DNA hybridization data indi- cated that starlingsand mockingbirdsare more closelyrelated to each other than either is to any other living taxon. Some avian systematistsdoubted this conclusion.Therefore, a more extensiveDNA hybridizationstudy was conducted,and a successfulsearch was made for other evidence of the relationshipbetween starlingsand mockingbirds.The resultssup- port our original conclusionthat the two groupsdiverged from a commonancestor in the late Oligoceneor early Miocene, about 23-28 million yearsago, and that their relationship may be expressedin our passerineclassification, based on DNA comparisons,by placing them as sistertribes in the Family Sturnidae,Superfamily Turdoidea, Parvorder Muscicapae, Suborder Passeres.Their next nearest relatives are the members of the Turdidae, including the typical thrushes,erithacine chats,and muscicapineflycatchers. Received 15 March 1983, acceptedI November1983. STARLINGS are confined to the Old World, dine thrushesinclude Turdus,Catharus, Hylocich- mockingbirdsand thrashersto the New World. la, Zootheraand Myadestes.d) Cinclusis -
Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles Minor)
Newfoundland & Labrador Species at Risk Status: Threatened Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) A medium-sized bird, with a large flattened head, large eyes and mouth, a small bill, and a long, slightly notched tail. They have dark brown plumage, mottled with black, white, and buff. Their long, slender pointed wings reveal a white bar when in flight. They feed on insects and are active at dawn and dusk. © Vincent Lucas Provincial Distribution Habitat/ Range Common Nighthawks breed on bare ground, such as sand dunes, beaches, forest clearings, burned areas, rocky outcrops and barrens, peatbogs, and agricultural pastures. They are found across Canada, but in Eastern Canada they breed only in the southern part of Labrador and are considered an uncommon visitor in Newfoundland. Common Nighthawks winter throughout South America. Population Trends In Canada, this rare bird is undergoing a significant long-term population decline of 4.2% per year. Population trends within the Province are unknown. Limiting Factors and Threats Common Nighthawks have been affected by a decrease in the abundance of insects and an increase in habitat loss and alteration. They adapted to urbanization by making use of flat, gravel-covered rooftops as nest sites. Unfortunately, along with their traditional open habitats, these nesting sites are being lost. Special Significance It is the only species of insectivorous, crepuscular bird that uses a wide variety of habitats and is widely distributed in Canada. You can help protect the Common Nighthawk: Department of Environment & Conservation Report any sightings to the Wildlife Division. Wildlife Division Participate in bird surveys and counts. Endangered Species & Biodiversity Support habitat protection for all our rare species. -
Hand-Raising and Rehabilitation of Mynas
Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas Corina Gardner Hill mynas David Lim Introduction Mynas are average sized (about 22-28 cms) passerine birds which belong to the family of starlings, Sturnidea. The term ‘myna’ is commonly used to refer to starlings in India. Mynas are commonly distributed throughout Southern and Eastern Asia. These birds have duller plumage and are more terrestrial compared to other members of the starling family. 1 Rehabber’s Den © 2012 Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas Common myna Acridotheres tristis The common myna is widely distributed throughout India and Asia and has also been introduced to many parts of the world. The species lives in woodlands and near human habitations. They have brown plumage, a black head, throat and breast, while the bill and legs are yellow. They also have a distinctive yellow patch behind the eyes. They are omnivorous birds and will scavenge for just about anything including discarded scraps, insects, seeds, grain and fruit. They roost in large trees and build their nests in walls and rooftops of buildings. Common myna Tris Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Jungle mynas are found in and around the Indian subcontinent. They have brownish grey plumage, a tuft of feathers on their heads, white patches on their 2 Rehabber’s Den © 2012 Hand-raising and rehabilitation of mynas primaries and a white tipped tail. They typically live in forests, tea plantations and near paddy fields. They are omnivorous birds and their diet often consists of insects, fruit, seeds and even nectar from flowers. Jungle myna Devna Arora Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus This species of myna is found primarily in the Indian subcontinent. -
European Starling
Living EUROPEAN with Wildlife STARLING in BC #6 “Living with Wildlife” is a series of nine wildlife management guides for the agricultural and natural resource sectors, as well as rural land owners. Opons for wildlife management, worker safety, and animal deterrents are provided for each species. Many guides suggest compleng wildlife conflict management plans. Web links to the guides and other resources are on the back page. Consult the “Conflict Reducon Guide” for wildlife deterrent management opons. European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris Birds that are aracted to BC orchards and vineyards include flickers, robins, and blackbirds but the most numerous and problemac species is the European Starling which was introduced to North America over one hundred years ago, and has become a major agricultural pest. European Starlings range from Alaska to northern Mexico with an American populaon of over 200 million birds. Starlings have successfully adapted to rural and urban habitats where they find nest cavies in man-made structures. They aggressively compete with nave bird species for nest spaces in tree holes and natural cavies and are a factor in the decline of some nave bird species. European Starling summer Starlings have glossy black plumage that shines with a green-purple iridescence in the spring. In summer, new brown plumage has gold flecks and white spots. Winter birds are brownish-black with fine light spots. Sounds include whistles, liquid warbles, trills and imitaons of other birds and animals. Varied diet of insects, grubs, fruit and grain. Forage in small groups on lawns and fields with short vegetaon. Large flocks forage in fields and farms in late summer through winter. -
Colorado Birds the Colorado Field Ornithologists’ Quarterly
Vol. 50 No. 2 Spring 2016 Colorado Birds The Colorado Field Ornithologists’ Quarterly Boreal Owls in Rocky Hungry Birds Key In on Defects Lesser Nighthawks in Colorado Colorado Field Ornithologists PO Box 929, Indian Hills, Colorado 80454 cfobirds.org Colorado Birds (USPS 0446-190) (ISSN 1094-0030) is published quarterly by the Col- orado Field Ornithologists, P.O. Box 929, Indian Hills, CO 80454. Subscriptions are obtained through annual membership dues. Nonprofit postage paid at Louisville, CO. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Colorado Birds, P.O. Box 929, Indian Hills, CO 80454. Officers and Directors of Colorado Field Ornithologists: Dates indicate end of cur- rent term. An asterisk indicates eligibility for re-election. Terms expire at the annual convention. Officers: President: Doug Faulkner, Arvada, 2017*, [email protected]; Vice Presi- dent: David Gillilan, Littleton, 2017*, [email protected]; Secretary: Larry Modesitt, Greenwood Village, 2017, [email protected]; Treasurer: Michael Kiessig, Indian Hills, 2017*, [email protected] Past President: Bill Kaempfer, Boulder, 2016, [email protected] Directors: Christy Carello, Golden, 2016*; Lisa Edwards, Palmer Lake, 2017; Ted Floyd, Lafayette, 2017; Mike Henwood, Grand Junction, 2018; Christian Nunes, Longmont, 2016*; Chris Owens, Denver, 2018* Colorado Bird Records Committee: Dates indicate end of current term. An asterisk indicates eligibility to serve another term. Terms expire 12/31. Chair: Mark Peterson, Colorado Springs, 2018*, [email protected] Committee Members: John Drummond, Colorado Springs, 2016; Peter Gent, Boul- der, 2017*; Tony Leukering, Largo, Florida, 2018; Dan Maynard, Denver, 2017*; Bill Schmoker, Longmont, 2016; Kathy Mihm Dunning, Denver, 2018* Past Committee Member: Bill Maynard Colorado Birds Quarterly: Editor: Scott W. -
Updated Ethography for European Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) In
Updated Ethography for European Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in Central Coast Vineyards A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Wine and Viticulture Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Wine & Viticulture by Vic A. Guerrero March, 2014 © 2014 Vic Guerrero Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 22 Formatted: Font: 12 pt LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 33 STARLING BEHAVIOR ............................................................................................................ 1211 THE ORIGINAL EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS .......................................................................... 1413 TIME LINE ............................................................................................................................. 1514 UPDATED ETHOGRAM .......................................................................................................... 2322 PLAN FOR CONTROL ............................................................................................................. 2524 APPENDIX A: ......................................................................................................................... 2826 APPENDIX B: ........................................................................................................................ -
Mecklenburg Breeding Bird Atlas
Breeding Bird Atlas of Mecklenburg County, NC Written by Donald W. Seri Breeding Bird Atlas of Mecklenburg County, NC Written by Donald W. Seri Illustrations and Layout Design by Leigh Anne Carter Technical Publication Series Number 102: October 2017 Copyright © 2017 Artwork copyright © 2017 Leigh Anne Carter Photographs used with permission and photographers retain copyright of photos All rights reserved. is book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the copyright holder(s). Published in partnership with: e Mecklenburg Audubon Society and e Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation Department Our Partners Mecklenburg Audubon Society e Mecklenburg Audubon Society was founded in 1940. e Society has been a leader in education and conservation in the Charlotte region for over 75 years. Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation Department e Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation Department was established in 1974. e Department manages over 22,000 acres of parks, greenways, and nature preserves in the county. United States Geological Survey Learn about Breeding Bird Atlas Explorer at: http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/ Table of Contents Breeding Bird Atlas 1 Red-headed Woodpecker 55 European Starling 96 Results 10 Red-bellied Woodpecker 56 Cedar Waxwing 97 Species Accounts 15 Downy Woodpecker 57 Ovenbird 98 Hairy Woodpecker 58 Worm-eating Warbler 99 Canada Goose 18 Northern Flicker 59 Louisiana Waterthrush 100 Wood Duck 19 Pileated Woodpecker 60 Black-and-white Warbler 101 Mallard 20 American Kestrel 61 Prothonotary -
Stars in Their Eyes: Iris Colour and Pattern in Common Mynas Acridotheres Tristis on Denis and North Islands, Seychelles
Chris J. Feare et al. 61 Bull. B.O.C. 2015 135(1) Stars in their eyes: iris colour and pattern in Common Mynas Acridotheres tristis on Denis and North Islands, Seychelles Chris J. Feare, Hannah Edwards, Jenni A. Taylor, Phill Greenwell, Christine S. Larose, Elliott Mokhoko & Mariette Dine Received 7 August 2014 Summary.—An examination of Common Mynas Acridotheres tristis, trapped during eradication attempts on Denis and North Islands, Seychelles, revealed a wide variety of background colours and patterns of silvery white spots (which we named ‘stars’) in the irises. Explanations for the variation were sought via comparison of iris colour and pattern with the birds’ age, sex, body condition, primary moult score and gonad size, and a sample of live birds was kept in captivity to examine temporal changes in iris colour and pattern. Juveniles initially had grey irises without stars, but through gradual mottling stars developed and other colours, especially brown, developed as bands within the iris. These changes took place within 3–7 weeks of capture; no major changes were observed in the irises of a small sample of adults over 17 weeks in captivity. No sex differences in colour or pattern were detected, but seasonal differences were apparent, particularly in that multiple bands of stars were more common in the breeding season, and grey irises were more prevalent in the non-breeding season. There was no association between iris colour/pattern and body condition index or primary moult score, but only in females was there a suggestion of a relationship between gonad size and two of the colour/star categories. -
Population Trends of the Finnish Starling Sturnus Vulgaris, 1952–1998, As Inferred from Annual Ringing Totals
Ann. Zool. Fennici 40: 365–385 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 29 August 2003 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2003 Population trends of the Finnish starling Sturnus vulgaris, 1952–1998, as inferred from annual ringing totals Jukka Rintala1,2, Juha Tiainen1 & Timo Pakkala2 1) Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 6, FIN-00721 Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: fi rst name.surname@rktl.fi ) 2) Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: [email protected].fi ) Received 18 Dec. 2002, revised version received 28 May 2003, accepted 2 June 2003 Rintala, J., Tiainen, J. & Pakkala, T. 2003: Population trends of the Finnish starling Sturnus vul- garis, 1952–1998, as inferred from annual ringing totals. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 40: 365–385. Finnish starling populations have declined, a phenomenon fi rst noted towards the end of the 1970s. Here we use national ringing totals to estimate changes in the starling population. However, the numbers ringed depend not only on the population size but also on yearly variations in ringing activities. Thus, it was necessary to correct these totals based on the records of other ringed passerines. In this study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation based on time series regressions for the estimation of confi dence of indices. The results suggest that the population size from the early 1970s to the 1990s was signifi cantly smaller than in the 1950s and 1960s. It was concluded that (i) the population was fairly stable in the period 1952–1970, (ii) the population started a con- sistent decline around 1970, and (iii) the population declined by approximately 90% in the period 1970–1985. -
Long-Tailed Glossy Starling
LONG-TAILED GLOSSY STARLING PASSERIFORMES Family: Sturnidae Genus: Lamprotornis Species: caudatus Range: Tropical Africa from Senegal east to Sudan Habitat: Open woodland and cultivation Niche: Omnivorous, arboreal/terrestrial, diurnal Wild diet: primary diet of fruit and insects Zoo diet: Life Span: (Wild) (Captivity) 17.8 years Sexual dimorphism: none Location in SF Zoo: African Aviary APPEARANCE & PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS: A small bird from the Starling family. Adults are metallic green upper body and violet breast with a purple tail. The underparts of these species lacks iridescence and may be blue, purple, yellow or brown. The face is black with a yellow eye. Juveniles have an overall brownish tone to its plumage. Juveniles are duller with brownish hue. Their long tails are used for balance and their feet are very good at gripping. Weight: Body Length: 21 in (including tail) Tail length: 13 in STATUS & CONSERVATION This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion. It is listed as least concern. The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as common in most areas. BIR- LONG-TAILED GLOSSY STARLING COMMUNICATION AND OTHER BEHAVIOR This is a gregarious species whose call is harsh and grating. They are omnivorous and mostly feed on the ground, although they will take fruit from trees. The Starling feeds on fruit and insects, but specializes in capturing invertebrates using a method called open bill probing. The starling uses its sharp beak to penetrate the ground and catch small invertebrates hiding underneath the shallow surface. -
Starlings and Mynas
Beneficial Starlings The Eurasian Rose-colored and African Wattled Starlings are believed Starlings to be beneficial due to their insect con trol near agricultural crops. Both species establish breeding colonies in and Mynas areas where swarms of locusts and by Susan Congdon, grasshoppers appear. It is believed that Disney's Animal Kingdom, FL they eat enough of these insects to protect food crops. banded and released have been sub Pest Starlings? he names starling and myna sequently recovered when found for There are some species of star are often used interchange sale in Indonesian bird markets. The ling/myna that are considered to be T ably similar to pigeoN. and conversion of forest to agricultural pests. The European Starling and dove. Myna is the Hindi word for star land, and deforestation for firewood Common Myna are two examples of ling and is often used for species native and human settlements have greatly this. European Starlings were intro to southern and southeastern Asia and decreased their natural habitat. duced to North America and are the southeastern Pacific. Many of the In response to the decreasing wild extremely gregarious. As well as dam Asian birds are known as both starlings population, the American Zoo and aging important crops they compete and mynas. Aquarium Association, Jersey Wildlife with native birds for hollows in which Preservation Trust, and the Indonesian to nest. Near Extinction ofthe Bali Myna government have set up a Species Common Mynas, introduced to There are 114 species in the Survival Program (SSP). The main goals many places including Hawaii and sturnidae family.