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Revisión Sistemática Del Género Brachymyrmex Mayr (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae) En La República Argentina

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Revisión Sistemática Del Género Brachymyrmex Mayr (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae) En La República Argentina Tesis Doctoral Revisión sistemática del género Brachymyrmex Mayr (insecta, hymenoptera, formicidae) en la República Argentina Quirán, Estela Maris 2004 Tesis presentada para obtener el grado de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the Master's and Doctoral Theses Collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Quirán, Estela Maris. (2004). Revisión sistemática del género Brachymyrmex Mayr (insecta, hymenoptera, formicidae) en la República Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n3756_Quiran Cita tipo Chicago: Quirán, Estela Maris. "Revisión sistemática del género Brachymyrmex Mayr (insecta, hymenoptera, formicidae) en la República Argentina". Tesis de Doctor. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n3756_Quiran Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 ' m‘ F­ w " L UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DEL GÉNERO BRACHYMYRMEX MAYR(INSECTA,HWENOPTEM, FORMICIDAE)EN LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA Tesista: Lic. Estela Maris Quirán Director: Dr. Axel O. Bachmann 53755¡ Buenos Aires 2004 Thesis sumitted to the University of Buenos Aires in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in philosophy SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENUS BRACHYMYRMEX MAYR (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE) FROM ARGENTINA. by Lic. Estela Maris QUIRAN Buenos Aires 2004 SUMMARY This work is a systematic revision of the species of the genus Brachymyrmex Mayr 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Argentina. The genus is restricted to the Neotropical Region, where live some 30 species, 26 of which have been recorded from Argentina; a few species reach the southern part of the Nearctic Region. The genus was established by Mayr (1868) with the sole species B. patagonicus. Santschi (1923) published the so {ar only existing systematic revision of the genus, which is very arnbiguous as to species identification, and little useful. The societies of the species of Brachymyrmex are small, with dimorphic workers: small ones, called 'normal', and bigger ones, with swollen gaster, called 'physogastric'. They built their nests in the ground, without a defined structure, with little defined Chambers, under stones, fallen trunks, among roots, bricks and other objects. Bionomic data, distributional maps, and identification keys for workers, queens and males, are included for all the species known to occur in Argentina. For the keys three indexes were adopted: a cephalic-antennaI index (CAI), relating the cephalic and the antennal scape lengths, a cephalic-ocular index (COI), relating the length of an eye and the head length, and a pronotal index, relating the Width and the length of the pronotum Workers, both normal and/or physogastric, queens and males are redescribed as far as material was available. As a result, eightteen species and one subspecies are recognized in Argentina: B. admotus Mayr, B. aphia'icola Forel, B. australis Forel, B. brevícomis Emery, B. bruchi Forel, B. coactus Mayr, B. constrictus Santschi, B. cordemoyí Forel, B. fiebrigi Forel, B. gaucho Santschi, B. heeri Forel, B. Iaevís Emery, B. longicomis Forel, B. brevicomoeides Forel, B. oculalus Santschi, B. patagonicus Mayr, B. physogaster Kusnezov, B. pictus Mayr, and B. giardi cordobensis Santschi. B. heen' var. aphidicola Forel and B. heeri var. fallar Santschi are here considered synonyms; they do not show the specific characters of B. heeri Forel, and are here named B. aphidicola Forel new status. The following pairs of taxa show no relevant differential characters, as they were distinguished chiefly by color, a not relevant fate in ants; their names are therefore here synonymized: B. australis Forel and B. australis var. cuna Santschi; B. bruchi Forel and B. bruchi var. rufipes Forel; B. cordemoyi Forel and B. cordemoyi var. distincta Santschi; B. contrictus Santschi and B. constrictus var. bonan'ensis Santschi; B.fiebrigi Forel and B. fiebrigi var. fumida Santschi; B. heeri Forel and B. heeri var. termitophilus Forel; B. Iongicomis Forel and B. longicornis var. pullus Santschi, and B. patagonicus Mayr and B. patagonicus var. atratula Santschi. B. giardi var. cordobensis Santschi is maintained as a subspecies, since the original descriptions of the species and the variety, and the available materials do not allow to define its taxonomic situation. The geographic distribution of B. laevis Emery is cleared, and B. pictus Mayr, is recorded for the first time from Argentina. Key words: Ants - Insecta - Hymenoptera - Formicidae - Brachynrw-mex- systematics ­ keys for workers, queens and males - distribution in Argentina PREFACIO: Este trabajo de tesis es presentado como parte de los requisitos para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y no ha sido presentado previamente para la obtención de otro titulo en esta Universidad ni en otras. El mismo contiene los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el laboratorio de Entomología de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en el período comprendido entre 1996-2004, bajo la dirección del Dr. Axel O. Bachmann, Profesor Titular del Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas de la Fac. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires e Investigador del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y en el laboratorio de Biología de Invertebrados II, de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Lic. Estela Maris Quirán RESUMEN Este trabajo es una revisión de las especies argentinas del género Brachymyrmex Mayr 1868. Este género es endémico de la región Neotropical, donde viven unas 30 especies, de las cuales 26 han sido citadas de la Argentina; muestra una ligera penetración en el sur de la Neáltica. Fue establecido por Mayr con la única especie B. patagonicus. Santschi (1923) publicó la única revisión sistemática existente hasta la fecha, pero esta contiene muchas ambigüedades en la identificación de las especies. Las sociedades de hormigas de las especies de Brachymyrmex son poco numerosas, con obreras dimórficas (la de pequeño tamaño, llamada 'obrera normal', y la de tamaño mayor, con el gaster distendido, llamada 'obrera fisogástrica’). Construyen sus nidos en el suelo, sin una estructura ni cámaras definidas, debajo de piedras, troncos caídos, entre raíces, ladrillos, y otros objetos. También se incluyen datos sobre bionomía, mapas de distribución, y claves basadas sobre las obreras, sobre las reinas y sobre los machos, esta última basada sobre genitalia, para todas las especies de la Argentina. Para esas claves se adoptaron tres índices: el cefálico-antenal (ICA) que relaciona la longitud cefálica con la del escapo antena]; el cefálico-ocular (ICO), que relaciona la longitud del ojo con el largo cefálico, y el pronotal (IP) que relaciona el ancho con la longitud pronotal. De cada especie se redescriben las castas de las que se dispuso de material (obrera 'normal y/o fisogástrica, reina y macho). Se reconocen dieciocho especies y una subespecie: B. admotus Mayr, B. aphidicola Forel, B. australis Forel, B. brevicornis Emery, B. bruchi Forel, B. coactus Mayr, B. constrictus Santschi, B. cordemoyi Forel, B. fiebrigi Forel, B. gaucho Santschi, B. heeri Forel, B. laevis Emery, B. longicornis Forel, B. brevicornoeídes Forel, B. oculatus Santschi, B. patagonícus Mayr, B.physogaster Kusnezov, B.pictus Mayr, y B. giardi cordobensís Santschi. B. heeri var. aphidícola Forel y B. heeri var.fallax Santschi son aquí considerados sinónimos; no presentan los caracteres específicos de B. heeri Forel, y la especie es aquí llamada B. aphidicola Forel status nov. Los siguientes pares de taxiones no presentan caracteres diferenciales relevantes, siendo distinguidos principalmente por el color, carácter no relevante en hormigas; por lo tanto sus nombres son aquí sinonimizados: B. australís Forel y B. australis var. curta Santschi; B. bruchi Forel y B. bruchi var. rufipes Forel; B. cordemoyi Forel y B. cordemoyi var. distincta Santschi; B. contrictus Santschi y B. constríctus var. bonaríensis Santschi; B. fiebrigi Forel y B. fiebrigi var. fumida Santschi; B. heeri Forel y B. heeri var. termitophilus Forel; B. longicornis Forel y B. longicornis var. pullus Santschi; B.patagonicus Mayr y B.patagonícus var. atratula Santschi. B. giardi var. cordobensis Santschi se mantiene como una subespecie, pues ni las descripciones originales de la especie y de la variedad, ni los materiales disponibles, permiten definir su situación taxionómica. Se aclara la distribución geográfica de B. laevis Emery, y se cita por primera vez de la Argentina a B. pictus Mayr. Palabras clave: Hormigas -
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