DOCSLIB.ORG

Surveys of Sensitive Subtidal Benthic Communities in • Kilkieran Bay & Islands SAC • Kingstown Bay

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Surveys of Sensitive Subtidal Benthic Communities in • Kilkieran Bay & Islands SAC • Kingstown Bay Report Surveys of sensitive subtidal benthic communities in • Kilkieran Bay & Islands SAC • Kingstown Bay SAC Report prepared by: MERC Consultants Ltd, Galway. On behalf of: National Parks and Wildlife, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Plaza Offices, Headford Road. Galway November 2005 1.INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 3 2. STUDY AREAS ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 KILKIERAN BAY AND ISLANDS SAC.......................................................................... 5 2.2 KINGSTOWN BAY SAC .............................................................................................. 6 2.3 EXISTING INFORMATION ON THE SITES....................................................................... 8 2.3.1 Kilkieran Bay ..................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Kingstown Bay ................................................................................................... 8 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 10 3.1 MAERL AND ZOSTERA MARINA SURVEYS................................................................. 10 3.2 GROUND TRUTHING OF BROAD SCALE DATA ............................................................ 12 3.3 FIELD ASSESSMENT FOR ZOSTERA MARINA AND MAERL .......................................... 12 3.3.1 Shallow field assessment for Zostera marina and maerl................................. 12 3.3.2 Deep field/poor water clarity assessment for Zostera marina and maerl ....... 13 3.4 SELECTION OF TRANSECTS FOR FIELD ASSESSMENT FOR ZOSTERA MARINA AND MAERL ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.5 AFOR SCALE .......................................................................................................... 14 3.6 MAPPING OF MEGA FAUNAL COMMUNITIES.............................................................. 14 3.7 DATA RECORDING ................................................................................................... 15 4. RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 16 4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 16 4.2 SURVEY OF SENSITIVE SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES ...................................................... 16 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 37 6. REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 38 6.1 KILKIERAN BAY AND ISLANDS SAC........................................................................ 38 Map References: ....................................................................................................... 38 Data Bases :.............................................................................................................. 38 6.2 KINGSTOWN BAY SAC ............................................................................................ 38 Map References: ....................................................................................................... 38 Data Bases :.............................................................................................................. 38 6.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY: ....................................................................................................... 39 APPENDIX I SITE SYNOPSES.................................................................................... 40 KILKIERAN BAY & ISLANDS (SITE CODE 002111) ......................................................... 40 KINGSTOWN BAY (002265) ........................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX II SUMMARY DATA FOR SURVEY TRANSECTS ........................... 45 APPENDIX III SPECIES LISTS ................................................................................ 110 2 1.Introduction In furtherance of its policy of developing enhanced tools for managing Irelands marine Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), in 2005 the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government – commissioned a survey of sensitive subtidal communities in Kilkieran Bay and Islands and Kingstown Bay SACs. The over-riding purpose of the project was to enhance the conservation of marine wildlife and associated habitats in selected SACs through the investigation of ecological quality indicators. Within the scope of the project, the following were considered as sensitive subtidal communities: • beds of seagrass Zostera marina • beds of maerl forming calcareous algae including Lithothamnion corallioides, Phymatolithon calcareum1 • communities of the polychaetes Lanice conchilega (Sand Mason) , Sabella pavonina (Peacock Worm) and the reef forming Serpula vermicularis (Tube Worm), • reefs of the Native Oyster Ostrea edulis (excluding licensed fisheries/aquaculture sites), • reefs of the bivalve mollusc Limaria hians (Gaping File Shell), • communities of Scolanthus callimorphus ( Burrowing Worm Anemone) • beds of the tubicolous anemone Pachycerianthus multiplicatus (Fireworks Anemone), • communities of Virgularia mirabilis and other Sea Pen species, • beds of Neopentadactyla mixta and other burrowing sea cucumbers • communities of the anemone Edwardsia delapiae The well-documented ecological sensitivity of the selected communities means that they are commonly used in programmes designed to monitor environmental change, as the distribution and abundance of these communities are useful as indicators of habitat quality. A detailed baseline assessment of the distribution, extent and condition of these habitats/communities can facilitate the future management and long-term monitoring of the conservation status of designated conservation sites, as is required under the EU Habitats Directive. Only known significant subtidal stands/populations of these communities constituted the primary target of the survey. However, while the survey was not a search operation per se, where additional occurrences of the aforementioned communities were identified as a result of survey effort, these were also surveyed. 1 Both these species of maërl are listed in Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) 3 The specific objectives of the 2005 study were to: • ground-truth data on the distribution of maerl, Zostera marina and burrowing mega fauna within Kilkieran Bay and Isalnds SAC that was collected during the broadscale mapping projects conducted during 2001 • map the distribution of seagrass Zostera marina beds • provide estimates of the density of Zostera marina beds and of specified megafaunal communities • map the distribution of maerl communities • map the distribution of other specific megafaunal communities (see above) Two SACs were selected for survey during 2005: • Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC, Site Code 002111 • Kingstown Bay SAC Site Code 002265 The present report presents the main findings of the study, which was carried out by Marine Environmental and Resource Conservation Consultants Ltd. The textual report compliments the outputs of a more detailed and comprehensive Geographical Information Systems (GIS) project. The entire GIS project is presented electronically however the main outputs in the form of a series of maps are summarised herein. 4 2. Study Areas 2.1 Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC Kilkieran Bay and Islands Special Area of Conservation (SAC) is situated on the west coast of Ireland to the north of Galway Bay. The site is one of the largest and most important marine SAC’s in Ireland. Taking in some 21,300 ha, the site encompasses all of the area below MHW mark of Greatmans Bay, Kilkieran Bay and Kiggaul Bay as well as a large area of more open water between Golam Head, Namacken Rocks and Mason Island. Kilkieran Bay itself forms the largest component of the site and is the most significant in terms of conservation value. Kilkieran Bay measures approximately 20km along its northeast-southwest main body. At its widest point it is approximately 8km wide (at the mouth of the bay from Golam Head to Inis Muskerry, however much of the bay is considerably narrower (less than 3km). The entrance to Kilkieran Bay faces the prevailing southwesterly winds, the direction from which the dominant ocean wave patterns also originate. Kilkieran Bay is a fjard, that is a glacially formed drowned embayment with shallow sloping sides. The numerous islands and islets within the bay lead to a complex hydrography with strong tidal currents forming as the tidal flows are funneled around islands and through the many narrow channels. The mean depth of the area is 12 m Below Chart Datum (BCD) although depths within the bay are as great as 42m BCD. The bay encompasses a very wide range of sublittoral marine sediments. These range from mud and fine sand to duned maerl, gravels, broken shell cobbles and boulders. Exposed granite bedrock is to be seen at numerous locations within the site. The area surrounding the site is comprised of lowland blanket bog with many hilly rocky outcrops. The SAC designation extends to a number of terrestrial areas, mostly islands. The site has been designated a SAC
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download PDF Version
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Fireworks anemone (Pachycerianthus multiplicatus) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Catherine Wilding & Emily Wilson 2008-04-24 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1272]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Wilding, C. & Wilson, E. 2008. Pachycerianthus multiplicatus Fireworks anemone. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on- line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1272.2 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-04-24 Fireworks anemone (Pachycerianthus multiplicatus) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Individual with out-stretched tentacles.
    [Show full text]
  • Coll Survey June 2003 Summary Report
    Coll Survey kelp forest June 2003 3-bearded rockling Summary Report nudibranch Cuthona caerulea bloody Henry starfish and elegant anemones snake pipefish and sea cucumber diver and soft corals North-west Coast SS Nevada Sgeir Bousd Cairns of Coll Sites 22-28 were exposed, rocky offshore reefs reaching a seabed of The wreck of the SS Nevada (Site 14) lies with the upper Sites 15-17 were offshore rocky reefs, slightly less wave exposed but more Off the northern end of Coll, the clean, coarse sediments at around 30m. Eilean an Ime (Site 23) was parts against a steep rock slope at 8m, and lower part on current exposed than those further west. Rock slopes were covered with kelp Cairns (Sites 5-7) are swept by split by a narrow vertical gully from near the surface to 15m, providing a a mixed seabed at around 16m. The wreck still has some in shallow water, with dabberlocks Alaria esculenta in the sublittoral fringe at very strong currents on most spectacular swim-through. In shallow water there was dense cuvie kelp large pieces intact, providing homes for a variety of Site 17. A wide range of animals was found on rock slopes down to around states of the tide, with little slack forest, with patches of jewel and elegant anemones on vertical rock. animals and seaweeds. On the elevated parts of the 20m, including the rare seaslug Okenia aspersa, and the snake pipefish water. These were very scenic Below 15-20m rock and boulder slopes had a varied fauna of dense soft wreck, bushy bryozoans, soft corals, lightbulb seasquirts Entelurus aequorius.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC (Site Code: 2111)
    NPWS Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC (site code: 2111) Conservation objectives supporting document - marine habitats and species Version 1 January 2014 Introduction Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC is designated for the Annex I qualifying interests of Large shallow inlets and bays, Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide and Reefs (Figures 1, 2 and 3) and the Annex II species Phoca vitulina (harbour seal, also known as the common seal). The Annex I habitat Large shallow inlets and bays is a large physiographic feature that may wholly or partly incorporate other Annex I habitats including mudflats and sandflats and reefs within its area. Intertidal and subtidal surveys of Kilkieran Bay and Islands SAC were undertaken in 2001 and 2002 (SSI, 2003) and 2010 (APEM, 2011; Aquafact, 2011a; Aquafact, 2011b). In 2005, a dive survey was carried out to map the sensitive communities at this site (MERC, 2005). All of these data, together with data from the BioMar survey carried out in 1997 (Picton & Costello, 1997) and a Marine Institute oyster survey in winter 2010-2011 (Tully & Clarke, 2012), were used to investigate the physical and biological structure of this site. In addition to the records compiled from historical Wildlife Service site visits and regional surveys (Summers et al., 1980; Warner, 1983; Harrington, 1990; Doyle, 2002; Lyons, 2004), a comprehensive survey of the Irish harbour seal population was carried out in 2003 (Cronin et al, 2004). A repeat survey was conducted in the west of Ireland in 2011 and the associated distribution data have been included in this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Invertebrates in Tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e47019 Research Article Knock knock, who’s there?: marine invertebrates in tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) Hellen Ceriello‡,§, Celine S.S. Lopes‡,§, James Davis Reimer|, Torkild Bakken ¶, Marcelo V. Fukuda#, Carlo Magenta Cunha¤, Sérgio N. Stampar‡,§ ‡ Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), FCL, Assis, Brazil § Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, Brazil | University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan ¶ Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway # Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), São Paulo, Brazil ¤ Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Instituto do Mar, Santos, Brazil Corresponding author: Hellen Ceriello ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 04 Dec 2019 | Published: 08 Jan 2020 Citation: Ceriello H, Lopes CS.S, Reimer JD, Bakken T, Fukuda MV, Cunha CM, Stampar SN (2020) Knock knock, who’s there?: marine invertebrates in tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47019. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47019 Abstract This study reports on the fauna found in/on tubes of 10 species of Ceriantharia and discusses the characteristics of these occurrences, as well as the use of mollusc shells in ceriantharian tube construction. A total of 22 tubes of Ceriantharia from Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Norway, Portugal and the United States were analysed, revealing 58 species of marine invertebrates using them as alternative substrates. Based on a literature review and analyses of the sampled material, we report new occurrences for Photis sarae (Crustacea), Microgaza rotella (Mollusca), Brada sp., Dipolydora spp., Notocirrus spp., and Syllis garciai (Annelida).
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Information on the Benthos of Area SEA 8
    Report for the Department of Trade and Industry Synthesis of Information on the Benthos of Area SEA 8 01 May 2007 Prepared by Jennifer Pinnion1, Andrew S. Y. Mackie1, Paul J. Somerfield2 & Richard M. Warwick2 1Marine Biodiversity, Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP 2Plymouth Marine Laboratory Applications Ltd, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK Department of Trade and Industry Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) programme for offshore energy licensing. The SEA programme is funded and managed by the DTI and coordinated on their behalf by Geotek Ltd and Hartley Anderson Ltd © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. HISTORICAL OUTLINE 2 3. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 2 4. BIOGEOGRAPHY 3 5. BENTHIC COMMUNITIES, ASSEMBLAGES AND ASSOCIATIONS 3 5.1 The Bristol Channel & Severn Estuary 3 5.1.0.1 Intertidal Fauna 4 5.1.0.2 Sublittoral Fauna 5 5.1.0.3 Epifauna 7 5.1.1 Severn Estuary & Inner Bristol Channel 8 5.1.1.1 Intertidal Fauna 8 5.1.1.2 Sublittoral Fauna 10 5.1.1.3 Eastern Rivers & Estuaries 11 5.1.1.4 Cardiff Bay & the South Glamorgan Coast 12 5.1.1.5 River Parrett, Somerset 13 5.1.1.6 Bridgwater Bay & the Somerset Coast 13 5.1.2 Central Bristol Channel 13 5.1.2.1 Intertidal fauna 13 5.1.2.2 Sublittoral fauna 13 5.1.2.3 Swansea Bay 13 5.1.2.4 The Gower Peninsula 15 5.1.2.5 North Devon Coast 16 5.1.2.6 Ilfracombe 17 5.1.3 Outer Bristol Channel 17 5.1.3.1 Intertidal fauna 17 5.1.3.2 Sublittoral fauna 17 5.1.3.3 Burry Inlet 20 5.1.3.4 Carmarthen Bay 20 5.1.3.5 Tenby
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Epifaunal
    Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 507 An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 COMMISSIONED REPORT Commissioned Report No. 507 An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 For further information on this report please contact: Laura Steel Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House INVERNESS IV3 8NW Telephone: 01463 725236 E-mail: [email protected] This report should be quoted as: Moore, C.G. (2012). An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal speciesand habitatsidentified during a series of research cruisesaround NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 507 (Project no. 13058). Thisreport,or anypartofit,shouldnotbereproducedwithoutthepermissionofScottishNaturalHeritage.This permissionwillnotbewithheldunreasonably.Theviewsexpressedbytheauthor(s) ofthisreportshouldnotbe takenastheviewsandpoliciesofScottishNaturalHeritage. ©ScottishNaturalHeritage2012 COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 Commissioned Report No. 507 (Project no. 13058) Contractor: Dr Colin Moore Year of publication: 2012 Background To help target marine nature conservation
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Invertebrates in Tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e47019 Research Article Knock knock, who’s there?: marine invertebrates in tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) Hellen Ceriello‡,§, Celine S.S. Lopes‡,§, James Davis Reimer|, Torkild Bakken ¶, Marcelo V. Fukuda#, Carlo Magenta Cunha¤, Sérgio N. Stampar‡,§ ‡ Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), FCL, Assis, Brazil § Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, Brazil | University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan ¶ Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway # Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), São Paulo, Brazil ¤ Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Instituto do Mar, Santos, Brazil Corresponding author: Hellen Ceriello ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 04 Dec 2019 | Published: 08 Jan 2020 Citation: Ceriello H, Lopes CS.S, Reimer JD, Bakken T, Fukuda MV, Cunha CM, Stampar SN (2020) Knock knock, who’s there?: marine invertebrates in tubes of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47019. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47019 Abstract This study reports on the fauna found in/on tubes of 10 species of Ceriantharia and discusses the characteristics of these occurrences, as well as the use of mollusc shells in ceriantharian tube construction. A total of 22 tubes of Ceriantharia from Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Norway, Portugal and the United States were analysed, revealing 58 species of marine invertebrates using them as alternative substrates. Based on a literature review and analyses of the sampled material, we report new occurrences for Photis sarae (Crustacea), Microgaza rotella (Mollusca), Brada sp., Dipolydora spp., Notocirrus spp., and Syllis garciai (Annelida).
    [Show full text]
  • Gastrulation Types and Egg Sizes, Page 1
    Modes of Gastrulation and Egg Sizes in the Anthozoa. Unipolar Multipolar Mixed Blastula Morula Syncitial Invagination Epiboly Ingression Ingression Delamination Delamination Delamination Delamination CLASS ANTHOZOA sCl. Ceriantipatharia O. Ceriantharia 100% F. Cerianthidae Cerianthus lloydii X(230-250) after syncitial cleavage. Pachycerianthus multiplicatus X(750) sCl. Hexacorallia/Zoantharia O. Actiniaria 100% F. Actiniidae Actinia bermudensis X(?) Actinia equina L. X(?) Bolocera turdiae X(?) Epiactis prolifera X(400) Urticina crassicornis X(500-700) F. Edwardsiidae Nematostella vectensis X(170-240) w/polar ing. Edwardsia sp. X(?) F. Halcampidae Halcampa duodecimcirrata X(310-330) w/ingrssn of blastoderm F. Haloclavidae Peachia quinquecapitata X(100-120) F. Hormathiidae Adamsia palliata X(?) F. Metridiidae Metridium marginatum X(100-600) (=dianthus) w/delamtn of cell fragmnts F. Sagartiidae Sagartia troglodytes X(80-90) sCl. Octocorallia/Alcyonaria O. Alcyonacea 100% F. Xeniidae Sympodium coralloides X(?) O. Pennatulacea 100% F. Pennatulidae Ptilosarcus guerneyi X(500-600) F. Renillidae Renilla sp. X(?) Number in parentheses equals egg diameter. Hydrozoan Gastrulation Types and Egg Sizes, page 1. # in parentheses equals egg diameter, * in a stereoblastula. Unipolar Multipolar Mixed Blastula Morula Syncitial Invagination Epiboly Ingression Ingression Delamination Delamination Delamination Delamination CLASS HYDROZOA TRACHYLINA O. Actinulidae 100% F. Halammohydridae Halammohydra vermiformis X(?) F. Otohydriidae Otohydra vagans X(?) O. Limnomedusae 50% 50% F. Olindiidae Gonionemus depressum X(70) Gonionemus vertens X(90-100)* O. Narcomedusae 100% F. Aeginidae Aeginopsis mediterranea X(?) (Solmundella mediterranea) O. Trachymedusae 20% 20% 20% 40% F. Geryoniidae Liriope mucronata X(?) Geryonia(Liriope) fungiformis X(?) F. Rhopalonematidae Aglaura hemistoma Metschnikof f called this morula delami nation, but Freeman,1985 suggests it is epiboly.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Biofilm Effects of Sponge (Callyspongia Sp.) and Two Sea Anemones (Zoanthus Sansibaricus and Cerianthus Lloydii) Collected from the Persian Gulf
    JKMU Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2018; 25 (6): 493-504 The anti-biofilm effects of sponge (Callyspongia sp.) and two sea anemones (Zoanthus sansibaricus and Cerianthus lloydii) collected from the Persian Gulf Homa Hamayeli, M.Sc.1, Mehdi Hassanshahian, Ph.D.2, Mahasti Mohammadi, M.Sc. 3 1- MSc of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2- Associate Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran (Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected]) 3- MSc of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Received: 28 November, 2018 Accepted: 12 December, 2018 ARTICLE INFO Abstract Article type: Background: Sponges and sea anemones do not have specialized defense organs. Instead, Original Article they rival harmful microorganisms by producing certain compounds. These compounds can also be useful against some human pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the Keywords: antimicrobial effects of bioactive products from these marine animals. Antimicrobial activity Methods: Two species of sea anemone (Zoanthus sansibaricus and Cerianthus lloydii) and Biofilm one species of sponge (Callyspongia sp.) were collected at the Persian Gulf. The active Marine Environment metabolites of these two marine animals were extracted by methanol and dichloromethane Sponge solvents. The antimicrobial activity of each extract was performed against six human Sea anemone pathogenic bacteria including: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, using disk diffusion and agar well plate methods. The MIC and MBC were determined. The inhibitory effect of these extracts on biofilm formation was also studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinologia Britannica. a History of the British Sea-Anemones and Corals
    1 y,' xl THE BRITISH SEA-ANEMONES AND CORALS. LONDON R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL. I'iATE V 4 3 5 ® 1 M 1 1 * i ’JSfkT IN COLOURS B, n.DICRCS 1 BOLOCERA TUEDI/E, 3 AlPTASIA COUCHM 2 ANTHEA CEREUS 4 SACARTIA COCCINEA 5 . S. TROGLODYTE S. ACTINOLOGIA BRITANNICA. HISTORY or THE BRITISH SEA-ANEMONES AND CORALS. WITH COLOURED FIGURES OF THE SPECIES AND PRINCIPAL VARIETIES. BT PHILIP HENRY GOSSE, E.R.S. k » k LONDON: VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1860 . f PREFACE. Ix writing the following pages, I have lahonred to produce such a “ History of the British Sea-Anemones and Corals,” as a student can work with. Having often painfully felt in studying works similar to the present, the evil of the vagueness and con- fusion that too frequently mark the descriptive portions, I have endeavoured to draw up the characters of the animals which I describe, with distinctive precision, and with order. It is said of Montagu that, in describing animals, he constantly wrote as if he had expected that the next day would bring to light some new species closely resembling the one before him ; and therefore his diagnosis can rarely be amended. Some writers mistake for precision an excessive minuteness, which only distracts the student, and is after all but the portrait of an individual. Others describe so loosely that half of the characters would serve as well for half-a-dozen other species. I have sought to avoid both errors : to make the diagnoses as brief as possible, and yet clear, by seizing on such characters, in each case, as are truly distinc- tive and discriminative.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded by [New York University] at 20:24 20 August 2016
    Downloaded by [New York University] at 20:24 20 August 2016 Marine Biodiversity Conservation Effective marine biodiversity conservation is dependent upon a clear scientific rationale for practical interventions. This book is intended to provide knowledge and tools for marine conservation practitioners and to identify issues and mechanisms for upper-level under- graduate and master’s students. It also provides sound guidance for marine biology field coursework and professionals. The main focus is on benthic species living on or in the seabed and immediately above, rather than on commercial fisheries or highly mobile vertebrates. Such species, including algae and invertebrates, are fundamental to a stable and sustainable marine ecosystem. The book is a practical guide based on a clear exposition of the principles of marine ecology and species biology to demonstrate how marine conservation issues and mechanisms have been tackled worldwide, with special attention given to the criteria, structures and decision trees that practitioners and managers will find useful. Well illustrated with conceptual diagrams and flow charts, the book includes case study examples from both temperate and tropical marine environments. Keith Hiscock is an Associate Fellow and Senior Consultant in Biodiversity and Conservation Science at the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK. Downloaded by [New York University] at 20:24 20 August 2016 Earthscan Oceans Governing Marine Protected Areas Resilience through Diversity By Peter J.S. Jones Marine Policy An Introduction
    [Show full text]