CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL Honorary Editor-in-Chief: Professor Eyal Benvenisti, University of Cambridge Editors-in-Chief: Catherine Drummond and Patrick Simon Perillo, University of Cambridge ISSN Print Managing Editors: Ibrahim A. Alturki, Tom Boekestein, Oliver 2398-9173 Hailes, So Yeon Kim and Jessie Smith ISSN Online 2398-9181

Aims and scope To place a subscription: The Cambridge International Law Journal (CILJ) succeeds the Cambridge Journal of International The Subscriptions Dept Marston Book Services Ltd and Comparative Law (CJICL), which was established in 2011 at the University of Cambridge. CILJ is a 160 Eastern Avenue, Milton Park double-blind peer review journal with a broad focus on international law. CILJ publishes in all areas of Abingdon international law, including regional and transnational legal regimes, such as European Union Law. CILJ OXON OX14 4SB UK provides a platform for both young and well-established academics to publish outstanding research on Tel: +44 1235 465574 cutting edge, highly topical international law issues alongside, and in dialogue, with each other. CILJ Fax: +44 1235 465556 is well-served by an Academic Review Board made up of distinguished international law experts from Email: around the world. Additionally, the CILJ blog and the CILJ annual conference are integral parts of the [email protected] journal.

Submissions & Subscriptions For more information Email: [email protected] The Board welcomes long articles, short articles, case notes and book reviews that engage with current themes in international law and EU law. All submissions are subject to double-blind peer review by our Follow us! Editorial Board. In addition, all long articles are sent to our Academic Review Board, which consists of For our latest news, distinguished international law scholars and practitioners. views and discounts Full submission instructions can be found on the CILJ website: www.elgaronline.com/cilj @Elgar_Law

For a free copy of our latest 2020 Prices To place a subscription worldwide: International Law catalogue, Two issues per year The Subscriptions Dept, Marston Book Services Email: [email protected] ISSN Print 2398-9173 • ISSN Online 2398-9181 160 Eastern Avenue Individuals: £72.00/$144.00 (online & print); Milton Park, Abingdon £58.50/$108.00 (online only) Oxfordshire OX14 4SB UK Tel: +44 1235 465574 • Fax: +44 1235 465556 Institutions: £180.50/$322.50 (online & print); Email: [email protected] £158.00/$261.00 (online only) Single print issue: £65.00/$100.00

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Abstracting and Indexing Discovery Services • Scopus • Ex Libris Primo Central Index • ERIH+ • ProQuest Summon® Service • Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) • OCLC WorldCat • Legal Journals Index, Westlaw • EBSCO Discovery Service • Law Journal Rankings Project • Google Scholar • CrossRef Digital Preservation Services • Portico Academic Review Board Dr Geert De Baere, Assistant Professor of International College, University of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Dr Martins Paparinskis, Reader in Public International Law and EU Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, UK Law, University College London, UK Belgium Professor Christine Gray, Emeritus Professor of Dr Kate Parlett, Barrister, 20 Essex Street Chambers, Professor Freya Baetens, Professor of Public International Law and Fellow of St. John’s College, London, UK International Law, PluriCourts Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Dr Surabhi Ranganathan, University Senior Lecturer University of Oslo, Norway Centre for International Law, UK in International Law and Fellow of King’s College, Professor Cecilia Marcela Bailliet, Professor of Law, Associate Professor Douglas Guilfoyle, Associate University of Cambridge, UK; Deputy Director, University of Oslo, Norway Professor of International and Security Law, UNSW Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, UK Dr John Barker, Fellow of Hughes Hall, University Canberra, Australia Dr Pippa Rogerson, Reader in Private International Law, and Master, Fellow and Director of Studies of Gonville of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre for Professor Gleider Hernández, Professor of Public International Law, UK and Caius College, University of Cambridge, UK; Chair International Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, of Management Committee Cambridge Centre for Professor Catherine Barnard, Professor and Jean Belgium, and Open Universiteit, Netherlands Monnet Chair of European Union Law, Co-Director of Business Research, UK Dr Jessie Hohmann, Associate Professor, University of the Centre for European Legal Studies, and Fellow of Ms Evgeniya Rubinina, Partner, Enyo Law, London, UK Technology Sydney, Australia Trinity College, University of Cambridge, UK Professor Philippe Sands QC, Professor of Law, Dr Lorand Bartels, Reader in International Law, and Dr Valentin Jeutner, Associate Senior Lecturer, Lund University College London, UK; Barrister, Matrix Fellow and Director of Studies of Trinity Hall, University University, Sweden; Junior Research Fellow in Law, Chambers, London, UK of Cambridge, UK Pembroke College, University of Oxford, UK Dr Andrew Sanger, University Lecturer, and Fellow and Professor John Bell, Emeritus Professor of Law, Director Dr Daniel Joyce, Senior Lecturer and Director of Director of Studies of Corpus Christi College, University of the Centre for Public Law, and Fellow of Pembroke Research, University of New South Wales, Australia of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre for College, University of Cambridge, UK; Editor of the Dr Massimo Lando, Associate Legal Officer, International Law, UK; Associate Editor of the British Cambridge Law Journal International Court of Justice, The Hague, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law Professor Eirik Bjorge, Professor of International Law, Dr Gabriel Lentner, Assistant Professor of Law, Danube Mr Daniel R. Saxon, Assistant Professor, Leiden University of Bristol, UK University Krems, Austria; Transatlantic Technology Law University, Netherlands Dr Daniel Clarry, Fellow in Private Law and Lecturer Forum Fellow, Stanford Law School, USA Professor Malcolm Shaw QC, Emeritus Sir Robert in Law, Harvard Law School, USA; Affiliated Lecturer in Dr Brian McGarry, Assistant Professor of Public Jennings Professor of International Law, University of Law, University of Cambridge, UK; Editor-in-Chief of The International Law, Grotius Centre for International Legal Leicester, UK; Senior Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre for UK Supreme Court Yearbook; Barrister, Gerard Brennan Studies, Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Netherlands; International Law, UK; Barrister; Essex Court Chambers, London, UK Chambers, Brisbane, Australia Visiting Professor, Sciences Po Law School, Paris, France; Professor Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Professor of Senior Researcher, Geneva Center for International Dr Barry Solaiman, Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Law, University of Waterloo, Canada; Fellow of C-EENRG Dispute Settlement, Switzerland Khalifa University College of Law, Qatar University of Cambridge; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre Professor Eleanor Spaventa, Full Professor, University of Dr Marko Milanovic, Professor of Public International for International Law, UK; Fellow and Senior Director, Bocconi, Italy Law, University of Nottingham, UK Centre for International Sustainable Development Law Dr Chris Thomas, Lecturer in Law at the London School Dr Cameron Miles, Barrister, 3 Verulam Buildings, (CISDL), Canada; Executive Secretary, Climate Law and of Economics and Political Science, UK London, UK Governance Initiative (CLGI) Professor Kimberley Trapp, Professor of Public Dr Anthony Cullen, Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Professor Alex Mills, Professor Public and Private Law International Law, University College London, UK International Law, University College London, UK Law, Middlesex University, London, UK Dr Jamie Trinidad, Fellow and Tutor of Wolfson College, Professor Zachary Douglas, Professor of International Professor Daniel Moeckli, Chair for Public Law with a University of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre Law, Graduate Institute of International and focus on International and Comparative Law, University for International Law, UK; Barrister, UK and Gibraltar Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland; Barrister, of Zurich, Switzerland Dr Isabelle Van Damme, Counsel, Van Bael & Bellis, Matrix Chambers, London, UK Dr Eva Nanopoulos, Lecturer in Law, Queen Mary, Brussels, Belgium; Visiting Lecturer, Katholieke Professor Alex Oude Elferink, Director and Professor, University of London, UK Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea, Utrecht Ms Penelope Nevill, Visiting Lecturer, King’s College Professor Guglielmo Verdirame QC, Professor of University, Netherlands London, UK; Barrister, 20 Essex Street, London, UK International Law, King’s College London, UK; Barrister, Dr Veronika Fikfak, Associate Professor, University of Dr Lan Nguyen, Assistant Professor, Utrecht University 20 Essex Street, London, UK Copenhagen, Denmark; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre for School of Law, Netherlands Dr Santiago Villalpando, Adjunct Professor of Law International Law, UK Dr Matthew Nicholson, Assistant Professor in at New York University School of Law, Chief of Treaty Professor Charles Garraway, Fellow, Human Rights International Law, Durham Law School; Member, Section, United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, USA Centre, University of Essex, UK; Independent Durham Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Professor Michael Waibel, Professor of International Consultant, Former Stockton Professor, United States and Fellow of the Global Policy Institute, Durham Law, University of Vienna, Austria Naval War College, USA University, UK Professor Marc Weller, Chair of International Law Dr Catherine Gascoigne, Sessional Lecturer, University Dr Sarah Nouwen, University Reader in International and International Constitutional Studies, University of Technology Sydney, Australia of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Centre for Law and Fellow of Pembroke College, University of Dr Markus Gehring, University Lecturer, Deputy International Law, UK; Barrister (Middle Temple) and Cambridge, UK; Deputy Director, Lauterpacht Centre for Director of the Centre for European Legal Studies, Associate Tenant, Doughty Street Chambers, London, International Law, UK; Editor-in-Chief of the European Tutor in Sustainable Development Law at the Law UK Journal of International Law Faculty, Fellow of C-EENRG, and Fellow of Hughes Dr Ralph Wilde, Associate Professor, University College Hall, University of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Lauterpacht Dr Niall O’Connor, Lecturer in Law, University of Essex, London, UK UK Centre for International Law, UK Dr Rumiana Yotova, Affiliated Lecturer, and College Dr Joanna Gomula-Crawford, Fellow of the Lauterpacht Professor Roger O’Keefe, Professor of Public Lecturer and Director of Studies in Law of Gonville and Centre for International Law, UK; Visiting Fellow; Queen International Law, University College London, UK Caius College, University of Cambridge, UK; Fellow, Mary, University of London, UK Dr Tiina Pajuste, Lecturer of International and Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, UK; Visiting Dr Tom Grant, Senior Research Fellow of Wolfson European Law, Tallinn University, Estonia Professor, McGill University, Canada The digital content platform for libraries. 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Includes monographs, research handbooks, encyclopedia, research reviews, journals and much more. Please email [email protected] (UK/RoW) or [email protected] (N/S America) for more information. The Cambridge International Law Journal (CILJ) is available on Elgaronline, providing full search and browse functionality and access to the journal archive. Visit Elgaronline.com for access to selected free articles. www.elgaronline.com/cilj