Company Index Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Barth Keyword Index Dr. Hans Wienhoit

Dipl-Ing. Dipl.-Wirtseh.-Ing. August Achleitner A-arm. 446, 448 ADAC (Allgemeiner Deutscher Alternating eurrent (AC), 103, 1051, Dipl.-lng. Wolfgang Baierl Abbreviated injury Scale (A1S), 367, Automobil Club), 532 521 Dr. Werner Poechrnuller 3681 Adaptive cruise control (ACC), 262j, Alternative energy, 29 Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Rehiich ABC (active body control), 459, 459/ ::262-263, 263j, 407 Alternative fuels, 277[, 278-281, ABO (automatic brake differential). Adaptive FrontlightingSystem (AFS), 495-496 Dipl-Ing. Gerald Spreitz 256,257,257/ '10 Alternator, 521f, 521-523, 522f Dr, WolfgangPfaff Abdomen Performance Criterion Adaptronics, 265-266, 267/ Alternator excitation, 527 Additive energy, Altitude, 125,246 Dr.-Ing. Michael Walther (APF), 369, 370/ 2\J ABS (antilock brake system), Adhesion, 4.10 Aluminium RheinfeldenGmbH, 545. Dr. Wolfgang Strauss 256-257,2581; 267,414,414[, Adhesive bonding, 332, 334, 560j, 546 415f, 415-417, 416f, 417j, 4" 560---561 Aluminizing, 557 Dipl-Ing. Herwig Leinfellner AC (alternating current), 521 Adhesives, 296, 309, 3341 Aluminum, 403, 539, 542, 557 Ing. Karl Friedrich AC inverters, 104 ADI (austemperedductile iron), 545 body construction. 314, 314f, 316J~ Dipt-Ing. Hetibert Lanzer AC motors, 103, 105/ Adiahatic process, 178 320,327[, 541,54V ACC (adaptive cruise control), 262[, Advancedtechnology partial zero hybrid construction, 305, 306, 308[, Dr. Burkhard Leie 262-263,263[,407 emissions vehicles (AT-PZFVs). 309/ Dr. Heinz Mankau Acceleration, 37, 12K,24l 102 space frames, 292-293, 291(, Acceleration drag, 216 Aeroacoustics, 69-71. 70j, 7V; 294-296, 297f, 299[, Dr. Karl-Heinz Neumann Acceleration resistance, 35 283-284, 284f Aluminum alloys. 13lr137, 138, Dr. Hans-Joachim Oberg Acceleration sensor, 413 Aerodynamic coefficients, 40 294-295,305,314,310,322, Dr. Klaus-Peter Schindler Acceleration slip regulation (ASR), Aerodynamie drag, ll-[2, 12j, 34{. 323[,403, 545-547 257 35,39-43,45, 97 Aluminum Association 365.1, 546 Dipl-Ing. Winfried Bunsmann Acceleration switch, 413 Aerodynamic lin forces, 393 Aluminum foam, 323, 32&f,549 Dr. Werner Gausmann Accelerometer G sensor, 413 Aerodynamics, 39/: 39--47,283-284, AM (amplircde-rnodulated).531 Dr. Peter Kalinke Accident prevention innovations, 365f 284f ' Ammonia, 199 Siegfried Lieber Accident statistics, 365, 366j, 367/ AFS (Adapti\IeFrontlighting System), Analog broadcast system, 531-532 Aceidenrs, 5, 5f 510 Analog signals, 516-517 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Seiffert Accumulator injection system, J9J, Aimers,504 Angular velocity. 38 191/ Air conditioning, 50, 51[, 53-57, 55/ Annealing,544f Dr. Peter Kopf ACE (active cornering enhancement), Air cooling, 149 Anodizing. 557 459-460,460/ Air filters, 357, 358f. 359 Antennas, 46 Dr. Gerhard Wagner ArEA (Association des Constructeurs Air mass flow sensor, l54 Antidive,438 Europeensd'Automobiles), 13 Air spring rate, 457 Antifreeze, 48 ACEA Fuel Charter, 201-202 Air springs, 456-457. 456[, 457/ Anrilock brake system (ABS), 20, Acetylene, 183 Air suspension, 456 256-257, 258j, 267, 414. 414f, Acetylenegas, 501 Air-assisted injection, 162-163 415f, 415-417, ~16f, 417[, 418 Ackermann angle, 38 Airbags. 29. 376, 377f, 3i8, 379[, Antiroll bar, 453 Ackermanncondition, 439. 465/ 379/,381/ Antislip control (ASC). 417--418 Ackermann function, 466, 467f Airflow, 43-47, 51, 52j, i0J, 70---71 Antislip regulation (ASR), 417--418 Acoustic design, 136 Anrisway bar, 453 Acoustic qnalificarion, 61-77 interior. 355-357, 356j, 359 Antitheft device, 25 Acoustic simulation, 591 Airflow rate, 359, 359f APF (Abdomen Performance Acoustic target, 58--{>1, 59}: 60/ Air-fuel mixture, 139-140, 140f.177 Criterion), 369, 370( Acoustic testing, 6!HS9, 69, 71-73 Air/fuel ratio, 140, 140[, 145f, 177, A-pillar, 287-288, 288/, -289, 289J, Acoustics, 58-77 1MO,199,208,277,277/ 302 Activated charcoal filters, 357, 359 Air-guided combustion systems, 155, Apollo space program, lO9 Aetive body control (ABC), 459, 459f 158[, 158-160, 159j Approach angles, 97 Active boosters, 407, 419 Air-shrouded fuel injectors, 139 Aramid, 551 Active cornering enhancement (ACE), Air-side temperature control, 356-357 Arbeitsgemeinschart der 459-460,460/ AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale), 367, RundfunkanstalterrDeutsehlands Active front-wheel steering, 476---480 368t (ARD),532 Active Hydro-Moe, 562-563, 563f Alfa Romeo, 168 ARD (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Active parking brake, 42J ALIAS model, J42-343 Rundtunkansreken Active tear-wheel steering, 479[, 480[, Aligning moment, 43], 432f Deutschlands),532 480-482, 481/ Alkaline batteries, 116 ARJ (auto radio information), 532 Active springs, 458-459 Alley lights, 508 Articulated shafts, 218 Active stabilizers, 458-460 Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Artificial aging, 320 Active steering systems, 391, 476---482 Club (AOAC), 532 ASAM (Association for Active wheel speed sensors, 412[, All-wheel drive, 92, 218, 237, Standardization ofAutomation 412-413 248-264, 250J, 257f, 392, 413, and Measuring Systems), 602 Actuator functions, 329-330 456,463 ASC (antislip control), 417-418 Actuators. 244-245, 511-512, Alpha machines, 118 ASe (automatic stability control), 514-515 Alpina wheel, 82 257,258,258/ 620 Keyword Index Keyword Index

Asea Brown Boveri, 212 Axial sleeve spring, 457, 45~r Bonanza effect, 74, 74/ Bu Ib shields. 503 C, ASF~ (Audi spaee frame), 293-299. Axle load, 37, 3~l Bonded joints, 296. 561, 561/ Bulbs, 505-506 C, 294f, 3l0j; 3l9-320, 32l( Bonding, 332, 334, 560j, 560-561 Bulk molding compound (BMC), ASR (acceleration slip regulation). SA (brake assistant), 41 ~f, 419--421 Booming, 46 326-327 C, 257 Backlight. 303 Boost pressure eontrol, 149 Bumper. 286, 290 C, ASR (antishp regulation). 417--418 Backrest, 340 Borgward, 1761 Bundesverkehrsministerium, 605 ASR (automatic stability regulation), Backup lamp, 502, 508, 509 Borg-Warner system, 226 BurmeisterjWain, 1751 4l7-4l8 Bake hardening, 317 Boseh. 176t, 189, 52lj, 534 Bus systems, 517. 527/, 527-.528, C, Assembly line, 99, 289. 290, 291/ Bake hardening steels, 543 Bottom feed injectors, 139 ;2~(, 535, 535J, 536 C, Assembly process. 99, 290, 33V Balance shafts. 61j Bowden cable. 235, 421 Buses. 33, 112-113, 120 Ca Association des Constructeurs Ball joints, 440, 441, 445 Boxer engines, 126. t2~( C! Europeens d"Automobiles Ballard Power Systems, 109 B-pillar. 288, 289J, 302 C· value, 398. 398J, 399,400,403 (ACEA), l3, 20l-202 Barenyi, Bela, 362 Brake actuation system, 404-409 CA (computer assisted) methodology. C< Association for Standardization of Barometric pressure, 125 Brake antislip regulation (BASR), 30,30( C< Automation and Measuring Barrier impaet, 372. 372J; 373,37&( 4l7-418 Cabriolels,300 C[ Systems (ASAM), 602 Base statiou controllers. 350, 3501 Brake assistant (BA), 419--421 CAD (computer-assisted design), 86, CI Aston Martin DB4 QT, 293 Base transceiver stations, 350, 350j Brake boosters, 405--408, 406j 89,95, lOl, 341,383(,384,503 C! Asynchronous motors, 103, 105, BASR (brake antislip regulation), Brake control units, 414-415 CAE (computer-aided engineering), Ce 105t 417--418 Brake disc, 400-40 I. 402 585 Ce ATE power disc, 400-401 Batteries, 105-107, 106t, 116, 116f Brake drums, 399, 399j Caesar, Julius, 5 Ce Atomization models. 200-201 Battery, 523j, 523-525, 524f Brake fluid. 409 California Air Resources Board Ce AT-PZEVs (advanced technology Battery chargers. 107 Brake fluid reservoir, 405 ICARB), l07, 489 pallial zero emissions vehicles), Battery charging, 524 Brake foree distribution, 396-397, California emissions regulations, 10, Ce 102 Battery costs, 106, 106t 397[ 11,102, l84,489 Ce Attached parts, 289-290 Battery life, 106, 1061 Brake heating, 397 Calipers. 400, 401--403, 401j, 4021: Ce Audi, 12(, 306J, 307J, 448 BBC Brown Boveri, 212 Brake hoses, 408 403,403[ Ceo A2,54l Beacon communications, 351 Brake lamps. 509 CAM (computer-aided CF A3,292 Beam axles, 445, 4461, 446J, 446-447 Brake linings, 398, 403--404, 539 manufaeruring), 585 A4, 981,308j; 4621, 490[ Bearings. 120 Brake mean effective pressure (brnep), Cam lift, 133,169 Ch A6, 92J, 566, 567( Belt pressure, 241 l26, l34-l35.l35J, l71[ Cam lobe profile, 133 A8, 294(, 298J, 299J, 326[, 5401 Belts, 153, 153j Brake pads, 400. 403--404 Cam shells, 169 Ch; 10001, 1761 Bend lights, 510 Brake pistons, 400, 403, 403j Cam timing, 133, 168j, 16&-169 Cit Quattro Spyder, 310j Bentley, 80 Brake pressure limiters. 408 Cam-actuated systems, 168-169 Cit TT Roadster Quartro. 10j Beta machines, 118 Brake pressure sensor. 261, 414 Camber angle, 39, 437, 484f Ch, V8, l34(, l5.( Bevel gear differentials. 217 Brake proportioning valve. 408, 408j Camber loss. 444 Chi Audi EDL (electronic differential Biodiesel,495 Brake rotors, 400 Camshaft. 133, 138, 149, 138, 152, 168 traetion control), 256 Biofidelic Rear Impaet Dummy Brake shoes, 398, 399--400 CAN (eontroller area network), 242, Chi Audi exhaust system, 321j (BioRIO), 370 Brake slip, 409, 410j, 411J, 415j 243,268[,269, 5l7, 527-530, CH Audi space frame (ASF~), 293-299, Biofuels, 277J; 279 Brake travel sensor, 413 527j; 528(, 529[, 530(, 535 294f, 3l0(, 3l9-320, 321/ Biomcchanies,367-368 Brake tubing, 408 Canada, 508 Ch, Audi V6 TOI engine. 208, 209j BioRIO (Biofidelic Rear Impaet Brake-by-wire, 259--260, 525 Capacitor discharge ignition, 140--141 Cm Audio, 53 t-.534 Dummy),370 Brakes, 394-424 CARE (California Air Resources Cm Austempered ductile iron (ADI), 545 Bitwise arbitration, 528 fuel consumption, 126, 140j Board), 107,489 Cir, Austenite, 317 Hi-xenon systems, 507 system regulations, 20 Carbon, 317 Austria. 36q(, 50g Blaupunkr, 532, 534 systems, 394-396, 395j Carbon dioxide (CO,), 11,25,107, Cir Auto radio information (ARI), 532 Blow molding, 492 testing. 20, 21t 110,264 CI~ Autobahn. 43 Blower, 355, 356. 359, 3.59j Braking, 255-256. 256J, 430t, diesel engines, 183. 198,206, 206j CitJ Autoigniticn, 123, 177, 181j, 193 BMC (bulk molding compound). 430-43l, 43lj; 443 gas turbines, 119 Ci~ Autoliv, 370 326-327 Braking control, 256-263 Otto-cycle engines, 43, 144, 145 Cia Automatic brake differential (ABO). bmep (brake mean effective pressure). Braking distance, 20, 396j Carbon monoxide (CO), 10,23,24/, Cia 256,257, 257j l26, l34-135, 135[, 171[ Braking force, 391, 392, 3941: 25, l07, llO Cia Automatic clutch actuation, 222-223, BMW, 1761,447(,4791; 495, 496 394--395,4lO( diesel engines, 192, 195, 196, 198, Cia 228, 229j 3-series, 92j. 44&j, 4621, 490J, 495j Braking force coefficient, 409--410, 203[ Automatic stability control (ASC), 5-serics, 98t. 448, 44~f, 449j, 49V 4l0[, 41lJ, 4l5[ gas turbines, 119 Cia 257, 258,258[ 7-serics. 266, 267j Braking phases, 396 Stirling engines, 118 Cia Automatic stability regulation (ASR), Bobillier, 468 Brand image, 80 Cardan jointsZlS Cle 417-4l8 Body. 283-386 Brazing. 558 Camet cycle. II?, 172 Cle Automatic transmission. 215t, 217j, Body design, 40-47, 100 Breakerless scmieonductor ignition, CAS (computer-assisted styling), CW 228-237, 230[ Body materials, 290, 313-330, 539, l4l,14lj 342--343 Automatic transmission fluid (ATF), 54l British Morgan Pierce rivet, 296,296j. CASE (computer aided software CliJ 227-228,233 metal, 314-324 305,3ll/ engineering), 29 Automatically shifted manual nonmetal, 324-330 Broadcast systems, 531-534 Cast iron, 136, 137, 138,539,545 c transmission, 228. 22Q( smart, 329-330 Brundtland Commission. 606 Caster angle. 439, 4621 eliJ Auto-Union. 540t Body pretreatment, 334-335 Brushless motors, 103, 104 Caster axis, 438j, 439 eli] Auxiliary vessel, 610 Body shell, 285-290. 30Dj, 300-30 I Biichi,Alfred, 175/, t95 Casteroffset, 439, 443---444,4621,463, Availability conversion efficiency, 125 Body stiffness, 290-292, 291J, 301 Bucket tappets, 132J, 133 464( Clu Axial brakes, 400 Body structure, II, 33j Budd, Edward G" 539 Casting, 137. 137j, 322, 323j, 329j, Axial plunger pumps, 186-187 Body vibration, 65---68 Bugatti, 80, 82, 8~1' 539,546, 563-564,584( Clu 621

Bulbshields, 503 CAT (computer-aided testing), CNG (eompressed natural gas), 277f Bulbs,505-506 Catalog of requirements, 83, 88, 283, 278.281,496,614 Bulkmolding compound (BMC), 283t CO eonversion rate, 203j 326-327 Catalysts, 145, 198-200 Cal budget, 571 Bumper, 286, 290 Catalytic converter. 10, 136, 140, Coastdown time, 221 Bundesverkehrsminisrerium, 605 145-147. 146j, 164, 196. Cockpit assembly, 99j BurmeisterjWain, 1751 198-200,203/ Coded orthogonal frequeney division Bussystems, 517, 527I, 527-528, Cataphoretic dip, 335, 335I, 551 multiplexing (COFDM), 533 528j, 535,5351: 536 Caulking, 332 Coefficient of adhesion, 20 Buses, 33, 112-113, 120 Cavity sealing, 336 Coextrusion blow molding, 492, 492j CBC (cornering brake control, 258, COFDM (coded orthogonal frequeney C'" value, 398, 398f, 399, 400, 403 259, 260j, 417 division multiplexing), 533 CA(computcr assisted) methodology, CC (compact cassette), 531,532 Coil ignition, 140 30,30/ CCA (cold cranking amps), 523 Cold cranking amps (CCA), 523 Cabriolets, 300 CD (compact disc), 532 Cold joints, 296 CAD(computer-assisted design), 86, CD player, 348 Cold start, 140 89,95, 101,341, 383j, 384, 503 CELIS, 510 Cold work, 319, 319j, 321/ CAE(computer-aided engineering), Cell phones, 350-351 Cold-start emissions, 1t 585 Center differential, 250, 251 Collision, 286, 292, 302, 365, 3661, Caesar,Julius, 5 Central link rear suspension, 448j 367j, 382, 389/ California Air Resources Board Central valve tandem master cylinder, Color coat, 335 (CARB), 107,489 404-405,405/ Color design, 82 California emissions regulations, 10, Ceramic valves, 138 Color pigments. 335, 336 11, 102, l84,489 Ceramics, 556 Color sensitivity, 501 Calipers, 400. 401--403, 40lj; 402J, Certification marks, 501 Combined sliding caliper, 403, 403j 403,403/ Cetane. 202, 202t Combustion, t43-144, 159j CAM (computer-aided CFD (computational fluid dynamics), diesel engine, 179-185, 181/, t82I, manufacturing), 585 158, 159j, 359-360 183/ Cam lift, 133, 169 Chalmers University of Technology, Combustion chamber, 119, 141I, 155, Cam lobe profile, 133 370 156,158 Cam shells, 169 Charcoal canisters, 97 diesel engine, 194-195 Cam timing, 133, 168/, 168-169 Charge motion, 156-157, 158,161 Combustion chamber recirculation, Cam-actuated systems, 168-169 Charge-air coolers, 208 166 Camber angle. 39, 437, 484/ Chassis, 38 Combustion engines, 173, 176, 176I, Camber loss, 444 Child-restraint systems, 375-376, 177,1771 Camshaft, 133, 138, 149, 138, 152, 168 376/ Combustion knock, 144 CAN (controller area network), 242, Chip tuning, 149 Combustion simulation, 200-20 I, 243, 268j, 269, 517, 527-530, CHMSL (center high mounted stop 2011 527j, 528j, 529j, 530j, 535 lamp), 508 Combusiion system, 155-160 Canada, 508 Chopper, 103 diesel engine, 192-196, 196t Capacitor discharge ignition, 140-141 Chromium, 334,545,557 Comfort models, 593 CARB (California Air Resources Chrysler, 539 Commercial transportation, 4 Board), 107, 489 Circle of optimum adaptation, 338, Commercial vehicles, 33 Carbon, 317 339/ Common envelope strategies, 586 Carbon dioxide (CO,), 11.25, 107, Circumferential force, 399I, 399-400 Common rail injection system, 191, 110,264 . CISPR,537t 191/ diesel engines, 183, 198,206, 206j Citroen, 476 Communications centers, 347 gas turbines, 119 City cars, 7 Communications network, 350j Otto-cycle engines. 43. 144, 145 Cladding, 97, 309, 310/ Communications systems, 347I, Carbon monoxide (CO), 10,23, 24t, Clamped wheel system (CWS), 446 347-351 25, 107,110 Clamping force. 398, 400, 403 Commutator, 103 diesel engines, 192, 195, 196, 198. Classic design proeess, 83-85, 84I, Compact cassette (CC), 531, 532 203/ 86/ Compaet class, 981. 98t gas turbines, 119 Claw pole alternator, 52 II, 521-523 Compact disc (CD), 532 Stirling engines, 118 Clay model, 84j Compatibility,380-382 Cardan joints, 218 Clear coat, 335 Complex phase steels, 543, 544, 544j Camet cycle, 117, 172 Clearance and sidemarker lamps, 508 Component analysis, 317, 318j CAS (computer-assisted styling), Climate control, 45, 51-58, 52J, Component elasticity, 44D-441 342-343 353-361, 354{,361j, 519, 519/ Compound axles, 446t CASE (computer aided software Climate control unit, 355I, 355-361, Compound suspension, 445, 448--450, engineering), 29 357/ 449/ Cast iron, 136, 137, 138,539,545 controls, 360-361, 361j Compressed air, 1to Caster angle, 439, 4621 Climate seats, 340 Compressed natural gas (CNG), 277I, Caster axis. 4381.439 Clinching, 296, 296j, 3 iz, 320, 559I, 278,281,496.614 Caster offset, 439, 443--444, 462t, 463, 559-560, 560/ Compression ratio. 123, 172-173, 464f Clutch, 210, 219-223, 220I, 223I, vru. 174,271 Casting, 137, 137j, 322, 323j, 329j, 224-225,239 Compressor, 53, 55-56, 63, 110, 539, 546,563-564,584f Clutch pressure, 219,245 212-213 622 Keyword Index --Key

Compressor efficiency, 208 Coolant pump, 51, IS0-15! DAB (digital auto broadcasting), 349, Dies Comprex supercharger, (95,209, Cooling, 45, 47-51, 53-57 351,533,534, 534f 2101. 212, 212/ Cooling module, 48, 50, 51/, 7~r Dacromet" coating, 294 Dies Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Cooling systems, 149-151 Daimler-Benz, Ill, 119j; 1761 I 158,1591. 359-360 Coordinate system, 4Q/; 484/ Daimler-Chrysler, 108, 137, 231, 448, Computational methods. 382-386 Copper, 314f, 31~f; 557 4591. 4781. 547 Dies Computer design process, 85-87, 86j, Copper losses, 522, 522[ Damper constants, 452/ Dies 341-343,343/ Cornering, 486-487, 487/ Damper foree, 455/ Computer-aided engineering (CAE), Cornering brake control, 258,259, Darnperspecd,455! Diffi 585 2601. 417 Dampers, 451j; 454f, 454--461 Computer-aided manufacturing Cornering force, 395 Damping, 441, 441j, 442, 454--461, Diff (CAM),585 Corporate structure, 586 455f Digi Computer-aided processes (CAx), Corrosion, 330-331. 331/ Damping factors, 455/ Digi 587 Corrosion protection, 556-558 Damping forces, 392 Computer-aided software engineering Corrosion tests, 60 I Damping rate, 456 Digi (CASE),29 Counterflow gas exchange, 134 Danner, Max, 365 Computer-aided tesring(CAT), 71-73, Coupling points, 291 DARC (data radio channel), 349, 349t, Digi 721. 731' Couplings, 251-255 351 Digi Computer-assisted design (CAD), 86. Cranial fractures, 368 Dashboard,539 Digi 89.95. 101, 341. 383J: 384. 503 Crank angle, 128. 129f Data radio channel (DARC), 349, Digi Computer-assisted (CA) Crank radius, 128 349t, 351 Digi methodology, 30, 30/ Crank train, 128-131, 12~/; 172, 173f, Daytime running lamps, 508 Computer-assisted styling (CAS), 194.194f D2B optical bus system, 536 Digi 342-343 Crankcase emissions, 23 DC (direct current) chopper converter, Digi Computer-controlled rear axle Crankcase materials, 136-137 104,104/ Digi steering, 391 Crankpin radial force, 129 DC motors, 102-103, 105, 1051 DIN Concept design, 82 -83 Crankpin tangential force, 129 DC-W5AI80 transmission, 232f Condenser, 54, 55f Crankshaft, 152 2-D/3-D seam welding, 491, DIN Cone angle, 162 Crankshaft rotation, 128 492/ Dio( Congestion recognition systems, 611 Crash behavior, 255, 297. 297/ DE. 503 Dip Conicity, 433f Crash simulation, 591-592 De Dion suspension, 447 Dip Coning, 40 l. 401/ Crash tests, 489 Dead pedal, 398 Dire Connecting rod force, 129 Crash-EXPERT module, 383f, 384 Deep drawing, 329[, 562 Dire Connecting rod materials, 137-138 Crash-OPT module, 38~r. 384 Deep drawing simulation, 592, Connectors. 516 Crash-TEST module, 383/ 592/ Dire Constant velocity (CV) joints. 218, Crevice corrosion, 330-331 Deformation forces, 372-373 di 218/ Crosley Hotshot, 540t Degreasing, 334 Constant volume-constant pressure Crossflow gas exchange, 134 Degree ofdamping, 454--455 process. 178, 178/ Crosswind sensitivity, 43 Del.orean Motor Company, 5401 g' Constant-pressure cycle, 178. 178/ Crosswind lest, 485, 485/ Denitrogenation, 198-200 Constant-voltage inverter, 104f, CRT (continuously regenerati ng trap), DeNOx, 19R-200 Din 10"-105,105/ 197-198,1981.205 Departure angles, 97 Disl Consumption of natural resources, 5f, Crude oil, 278 Design, 79-121, 283, 305/ DiS( 5-6 Cruise control, 246, 262 Design brief, 83. 85 Disl Contact pateh, 431, 43 II Cryogenic storage, 109 Design catalog, 83, 88, 283, 2831 Disl Conti CWS, 446 Cryopump, 489/ Design for Recycling (DFR). 571 Disl Continuously regenerating trap Cryotank, 496, 498f, 498-499 Design goals, 79f, 81, 283 (CRT). 197-198. 1981. 205 Current controL 105 Design model, 84f, 84-85, 85-86, 86j; Dis Continuously variable transmission Customer expectations, 6, 6/; 9f. 9-10, 341-344.3431; 344/ Dis (CVT), 117. 215t, 223. 237-242, 14 Design ofexperiment (DOE) concept, Div 2391;2401. 247, 614 Customer perceptions, 14,285 595 OM Control elements, 343, 346-346 Customer satisfaction. 577 Design philosophies, 610 Control systems, 14, 15f, 139. Customer service, 99 Design process, 83-87, 305f. 345, OM 147-149,148;: 409-419. 411(, CV (constant velocity) joints, 218, 345/ D~ 518,518/ 218/ Design templates, 338-340 DO Controlled collapse force, 384 CVT (continuously variable Designers, 79, 81-82, 283, 342 Controlled-slip clutch, 225 transmission), 117, 2151, 223, Detail optimization, 41 Do: Controlled-slip torque converter, 237-242,2391. 240/; 247. 614 Deutz diesel engine, 175t, 1761 DO 225 CWS (Clamped wheel system), 446 Deutz Gas Engine Works, 123 Controller area network (CAN). 242, Cylinder bore distortion, 273 Development processes, 575-587, Do 243,2681. 517. 527-530, 527j; Cylinder filling, 207 5771. 578/ Do 5281. 529j; 5301. 535 Cylinder head. 138, 194--195, 539 DFR (Design for Recycling), 571 Do Conversion rare, 145 Cylinder inlet flow simulation, 594, DI (direer injection) gasoline engine, Do Convertible hardtops, 328, 329/ 594f 156--157.1571. 203.204 Do Convertible top, 302-303, 303/ Cylinder numbering convention, 126 Diagnostics, 247 Do Convertibles, 2R8, 300j. 300-303. Cylinder pressure, 167f. 16~/ Diagonal brake split, 395-396 Do 303/ Cylinder pressure trace, 143-144, Diaphragm spring, 219 Do Coolant, 49, 49t, 53, 150 144f Die casting, 539, 546 Keyword Index 623

Diesel, Rudolf. 174(. 174-176, 189, Double elutch transmission, 231 Dynamic leveling, 505 195 Double lateral link suspension, 447 Dynamic sensitivity, 391 Diesel engine, 48, 49l, 50, 62,113, Double overhead camshafts (DOHC), Dynamics simulation, 591 1131, 123, 173-206, 1771, 177" 156,168 Dynamometers, 598f. 599 192 Double wishbone suspension, 440 Diesel engine development, 174-176 Downshift, 236, 246 E/E (electrical/electronic) system, Diesel fuel, 201-204, 2021, 203j, 277/, Downsizing, 171-173 511-512,512/ 278 Drageoefficient, 11-12, 35, 39-42, Earl, Harley. 79 Differential, 217-218, 218j, 25QI: 4lj; 421, 284 Eaton Corporation. 212 250-251,2511, 392, 447 Drag force. 40[ EBD (electronic brake force Diffusionbarriers, 492 Drag link steering, 466-467 distribution), 258, 397, 408, 417, Digiceiver, 532 Drag torque. 221 418 Digital auto broadcasting (DAB), 533, Drive force, 394[ ECE (Economic Commission for 534,534[ Drive ratio, 216 Europe) regulations, 17'-181. Digital broadcast system, 532-534, Drive slip, 409 19-27,489,501,504,505,507, 533/ Drive torqne, 464 508 Digital car, 30, 601 Driveline. 63--65, 64f ECrE (European Car Manufacturers Digital design process, 85~87, 86f Driven beam axles, 446, 447 Information Exchange Group), Digital mockup, 101 Driver assistance systems, 613 90,901, 91f Digital modeler, 87 Driver information systems, 352-353, E-coat,335 Digital multimedia broadeasting 353f Economic incentives, 608 (DMB),533 Driver seat, 34Q-341, 340[, 341[ ECT (electrically controlled Digital radio mondiale (DRM), 534 Driver wants, 6, 6/ transmissions), 234, 235, 236 Digital transmission system, 349 Drivers, 582 EDC (eleetronic damping control), Digital vema tile disc (DVD), 532 Driveshafts, 218 458 DIN (Dcursches Institut fur Normungj Drivetrain, 29, 96-97,102,102/. EEC (European Economic standards, 126, 139,339.429 215-248,518f Community) regulations, 16-27. DIN/ISO, 125, 331 Drivetrain configurations, 217, 217/ 17'-181,18f Diode losses, 522f Drivetrain drag, 35 EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle Dip primer, 335, 335/ Drivetrain improvements, 13 Safety Committee), 21-22 Dip tank, 335 Drivetrain materials, 542 Effieiency map, 214/ Direct current (DC), 52\ Drivetrain mounts, 63--65, 64l E-gas, 164 Direct current (DC) rnorors, 102-103, Drivetrain vibration, 218-219 EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), 160, 105, 1051 Driving comparisons, 58-59 166,167f Direct injection (Dl]. 155-166 Driving equation, 216 EHB (clcctrohydraulic brakes), 259. diesel engine, 174, 174( 179-182, Driving program eontrol, 241, 241[ 260, 261f, 267, 421--423, 422/ 1801, 1821, 188, 19,-193, 195, Driving resistance, 34{, 34-35, 37,246 Eight-cylinder engines, 126, 1271, 196, Dri ving resistance curve, 171, 171[ 128, 1311, 132f gasoline engine, 156-157, 157/; DRM (digital radio mondiale). 534 Bighteen-eylinder engines, 126 203,204 Drum brakes, 398j, 39&-400, 3991, Elasticity, 440-441 Direct-actuated systems, 169-171 404 Elastokinemancs, 440-445, 595 Disc brake, 398j, 399, 400-403, 404 Dry machining, 587 Elastomeric mounts, 440, 441-442 Discrete-gear transmissions, 237, 239 Dry-sump lubrication system, 152 Elastomers. 441J. 539. 5411, 553 Displaeer, 212 DSC (dynamic stability control), 259, Electric drive, IOl-107. 238, 247 Display screens, 343, 346-347 2591, 260;:261 Elcerric fuel pump, 493--494 Distributor injection pump, 185-187, Du Pont Duco. 540r Electric motors, 102-105, 105t, 515, 186f Dual battery system, 524. 524[ 5151,613 Disrributorless electronic ignition. 141 Dual cycle process, 178, n8/ Electrie parking brake, 421, 421/ Disturbing force moment arm, 463 Dual link strut suspension, 448f Electric steering assisr, 474-475 Divided-chamber diesel engines, \95 Dual phase steels, 543, 544, 544l Electric vehicles, 101-102, 102l DMB (digital multimedia Dual-mass flywheel, 221-222, 222f Electrical eonsumcrs, 264{, 264-265 broadcasting),533 Dual-phase sreels, 317, 31 ~l Electrical consumption, 33 DMC,540' Dual-spring nozzle holder, 188--189, Electrieal demands, 524-525, 525/ Dodge, 539 190r Electrical efficiency, 266-268 DOE (Design ofExperiment) concept, Dual-voltage electrieal system, Electrical energy management. 595 524-527,525f 267-269, ,68f Dog clutch, 226 Dummies in the loop, 598[ Eleetrical generation. 265/ 265-266, DOHC (double overhead camshafts), Dunlop, John Boyd, 424 266f 156. 168 Duo servo drum brake. 398[, 399. 399j" Electrical systems, 14, 14j, 27, 28. Door glass, 28~/, 302 Duplex drum brake, 39~1: 399 520-530 Door hinge, 289f Durrkopp, 540t Electrical/electronic (EIE) system, Door intrusion test, 371, 371r Dust flows, 43--44 511-512,512f Door lock design, 374 . Duty cycling, 56 Electrically assisted turbochargers, Door sealing system, 70, 70J, 289/ DVD (digital versatile disc), 351, 532 212 Doors, 43--44, 302 Dyckhoff l75t Electrically controlled transmissions Doppler anemomerry, 601 DYNA3D,384 (ECT), CJ4, 235, 236 Double A-arm suspension, 444, 444{, Dynamic forces, 37, 390-393, Electrification, 170.614 448 409-411 Electrocoar, 335 624 Keyword Index Ke) -

Electrohydraulic brakes (EHB), 259, Energy eon version, 176, 176/ European Enhanced Vehiele Safety Fail 260, 26lf: 267, 421-423, 422f Energy demand, 28Qf Committee IEEVC), 21-22 Fail Electrohydraulic steering, 474, 474/; Energy density, 106, 106r European impact protection criteria, 478/: 482 Energy management, 526-527 368-369, 369f, 370f Fan Electrolysis, 109 Engine braking, 418 European New Car Assessment Fast Electromagnetic compatibility Engine compartment. 96 Program (Buro NC AP), Fasl (EMC), 25, 536-538, 5371, 594 Engine configurations, 126-128, 21-22 Fasl Electromechanical brakes, 259. 260, 127( European Telecommunications Fall: 261J, 267, 268J, 423f, 423--424 Engine control systems, 139. Standards Institute (ETSI), Fati Electromechanical steering, 47&1 147-149, 148f, 517f 533 Fau Electromechanical valve actuation Engine cooling systems, 149-151 EuroSID (European side impact Fan (EMV), 170, 170(, 171, 171/ Engine drag torque, 258, 418 dummy), 370, 3701. 371f, Fed Electronic brake assist, 407,419 Engine drag torque control (MSR), 380 Electronic brake control systems, 258,418 Evaluation, 482--488 409-419.411/ Engine durability, 273 Evaporative emissions, 23, 25, 26{ Fed Electronic brake force distribution Engine efficiency, [[8,124-125,125/; Evaporator, 54, 5~( (EBD), 258, 397,408,417,418 126, 126f, 179, 1791. 192 Excitation current, 521 Fee' Electronic control unit. 147-149, Engine location, 91-94 Excitation frequency, 441 I FEI 414-415 Enginclubrication, 151./: l51-153 Exciter winding, 104 Electronic damping control (EDC), 458 Engine map, 207J, 217f, 241, 602 Exergy.275-276 Electronic engine controls, 139 Engine materials, 136--139 Exhaust aftertreatment, 164-166, FE' Electronic ignition, 141,f, 141-142 Engine mounts, 62, 73-75 196--200,204-205 Fen Electronic stability braking system Engine noise, 61---63, 63l Exhaust coolers, 48, 50 Fen (ESBS),417 Engine output, 126 . Exbausr cmissions. 7,10--11, ll.f, Fen Electronic stability program (ESP), Engine package, [53-154,274-275 23-25 FE' 259,267,407.413,414,418-419 Engine power, 26--27,125-126 diesel eugine, 23, 25, 183-185, FFl Electronic systems. !4.14f, 15J,27.29 Engine startup, 246 201-202, 202f, 204f Fiat Electronic transmission controls, Engineering, 33J, 575--587 Otto-cycle engine, 140,143, Fia\ 242-247,243/ England. 533 144-147, 145f, 146f, 1471, 158, Fibl Blccrrophorectic dip priming. 335 Environmental compatibility. 160,164-166 Fibl Electroplating, 557 567-571,569t standards, 145. 147, 147/ Fibl Electrostatic rotary atomizers, 336 Environmental impact, ~f, 5--6 testing, 23. 146(, 147 Fibl Elk test, 488 EPEFE, 20 I, 2021. 2021 two-stroke engine, 271 Ellipsoid reflector, 502--503 Epoxy, 296, 3341 Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), 145, Elongation. 54Qf, 547/ EPROM (parameter memory), 149, 160,166,167f Fib ELR (emergency locking retractor) 243 Exhaust gas turbocharger, 195, 208f, systems, 375 Ergonomics, ]]8-347, 397 208-209,2091. 210-211, 212f, FIC EMB (electromechanical brakes), 259, ESBS (electronic stability braking 215 Fiel 260,261(, 267, 268(, 423f, system), 417 Exhaust manifold, 135-136, 13Ql Fill 423-424 ESP (electronic stability program), Exhaust module, 153-154 Fin EMC (electromagnetic compatibility), 259.267,407,413,414,418--419 Exhaust odors, 195 Fin 536--538, 537t, 594 ESV conferences, 10 Exhaust port recirculation, 166 Fin Emergency brake system, 395 Ethanol, 277f, 279 Exhaust system, 28, 62, 63J, 96, Fin Emergency locking retractor (ELR) Ethyne. 183, 184f 133-136, 134f, 1361. 166-168, systems, 375 ETRTO (European Tire and Rim 167f Emissions. 5, ~/: 10,97,107,113, Technical Organization), 429 Exhaust tips, 43 113f, 118, 119,613 ETSI (European Telecommunications Exhaust train, 43 Fin reduction, 10--11. 201-202, 20~/: Standards institute), 533 Exhaust valve train, 134f Fir. 2021,205f Eureka 147 DAB project, 533 Experience mobility. 4, 4f Fir. regulations, 9-11. Illl8t, 22-25, Buro I, II, 1971 Extended mobility technology (EMT), Fi; 102 Euro2,!1,197/ 446 Fis testing, 22-25, 24f. 24t, 489 Euro 3,11,23,197/ Exterior contours, 283-284. 284{ Fiv See also Exhaust emissions; Noise Euro 4, II, 197f, 204f, 20~l Exterior design, 81 Fiv emissions Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Exterior dimensions, 9Qf, 9\J: 981, Emissions canisters, 97 Program), 21-22 284,2841: 2851 Fi\ EMT (extended mobility technology). Europe. 14~(, 215t, 237. 458, 502, Exterior flow simulation, 593 446 505,509, 533 Exterior noise, 7~f, 75-76, 7~l Fi\ EMV (electromechanical valve emissions reduction, 10, II, III Exterior vehiele loads, 597, 597{ Fi~ actuation), 170, 17Qf, 171, 171/ MVEG A driving cycle, 146f External effects, 5 FK Energy absorption, 297, 297J, 327l European beam patterns, 502 External ignition. 123 Fl~ Energy budget. 299, 2991: 57 [ European Car Manufacturers External injuries, 367-368 FI~ Energy carriers, 275-28 I, 277f Information Exchange Group External ratio, 404 Fil Energy conservation, 264 (EClE), 90, 90f, 91f Externally excited DC machine, 104, Fb Energy consumption, 107, 112J, 20~f, European Community directives, 104f Fl~ 206,299, 329f 3631 Externally excited synchronous Fil auxiliary devices, 264/; 264-265, European Economic Community motors, 103, 1051 F1, 265f (EEC) regulations, 16--27, Extrusion, 295, 329/ F1, materials. ]14, 314J, 31Qr 17t-18/, [~r Extrusion blow molding, 492 F1, Keyword Index 625

Fail-safequality, 317, 318/ Floating frame calipers, 401j, Front axle, 438f Failure mode and effect analysis 401-402 Front suspension mounts, 286 (FMEA),583 Hoorpan, 42, 286-287. 286j, 287j, Front/rear brake split, 395 Fans, 50, 51, 5lj 288J, 301, 332[ Frontal collision. 286, 302 Fas{ fourier transforms (FFn, 533 Flow calculation. 592-594 Frontal impact, 21. 22, 3721,372-373, Fastinformation channel (FIC), 533 Flow losses. 210 374{ Fastback, 39, 4~l Fluorination, 492 Frontal impact protection criteria, Fatalities, I Of.365, 36q/; 389/ Fluorine gas, 492 368-369, 369[ Fatigue curve, 590 Flux, 103 Front-mounted engine, 91-93, 92j, Fault codes, [49 Flywheels, 116, 1I6J, 120, (2Qf, 94(,951,237 Fault management, 581/ 221-222, 222f Front-wheel drive, 91-93, 92f, 94f. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety FM (frequency-modulated), 531, 532 951,218, 218J, 237, 237J, 448, Standards (FMVSS), 10,21, FM receivers, 348, 348/ 463,464,467,468 362t, 3631, 489 FMEA (Failure mode and effect Front-wheel steering, 476-480 Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP75, analysis), 583 FTP75 (Federal Test Procedure 75, US).146[ FMVSS (Federal Motor Vebicle U.S.),146[ Feedback systems, 14, 151,518 Safety Standards), 10, 21, 362t, Fuchs wheels, 82 FEM (finite element methods) model, 3631,489 Fuel cell batteries, 266, 267/ 383/c385(, 384, 385, 434, 435J, Foam barriers, 71/ Fuel cell efficiency, 107, 109. IJ 0, 440, 440}, 583, 589-590. 589[ Foams, 327, 328/ 112, 113 FEM-Crash module, 383/ Fog lamps, 502, 508, 509 Fuel cell propulsion, 107-1 t 3, 1081. Femur force, 369, 369/ Force transfer, 429 109J, Fenders, 287, 287}; 290 Force vector, 38 Fuel cells, 29, 107-113,278,614 Ferrite. 317 Ford, 80, 108,540 Fuel consumption. 25, 36, 40, 4 If. FEVMotorentechnik, 158. 161 Ford, Henry, 539 56-57,119,126, 140J,237, 238J, FFT (fast fourier transforms), 533 Ford Focus, 447 241, 264J, 272(, 272-273, 426): Fiat, 93, 1761 Ford Thunderbird, 302 429, 429J, 524(, 613 Fiat Multipla Bipower, 496. 497/ Forging. 329;: 564-565 diesel engine, 192, 193, 195 Fiber composites. 327, 328;; 541 Form drag, 39 Fuel economy, 11-14, 35,113,171, Fiber optics, 28 Formula I, 93 172. 172(, 173, 203. 204/: 206 Fiber-reinforced, 314, 326, 542, 570f Four-cylinder engines, 126. 127/, 128, Fuel filters. 494 Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), . 1301, 132f Fuel hoses, 553 305,305-306,314(,316/: 326(, Four-headlamp system, 502 Fuel injection, 10, 11,28,29,139, 327,541 ... Four-speed transmissions, 237 179-180 Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, 5511, Four-stroke cycle. 124, 124(, 178-179, Fuel injection systems. 155-166 551-552 179[ Fucllines, 97, 489 FIC (fast information channel), 533 Four-stroke engine, 269. 270f 272, Fuel mixture, 139--140, 140;; 177 Field of vision. 20-21 272J, 273, 273J, 274f Fuel pressure regulator, 139 Filter regeneration, 196-198 Four-valve technology, 192, [92f Fuel pump, 267,493 Final drive, 217, 218t Four-wheel drive, 248-264. 250j, 257f Fuel rails, 139 Final drive ratio, 217 Frame hom. 287 Fuel spray simulation, 200-201, 20lj Finger Followers, 132/ 133, 169 Frame rails. 286 Fuel system, 488--499 Finite element methods (FEM) model, France, 366;: 505, 533, 539 Fuel system venting, 490;; 490-491 383J, 384, 384(, 385, 385J, 434, FRC (fiber-reinforced composite). Fuelmnk,97.149,489,490,490j, 435(,440, 440}: 583, 589-590, 305,305-306,314(, 316J, 326}, 491J, 491-492, 495, 496, 496(, 589[ 327,541 498.498/ . Fire ring, 194 Free fluoride, 334 Fuel transfer, 493--494 Firewall, 287 Free inertia Forces, 1301, 13lt Fuel volume measurement. 494--495 FireWire, 536 Free inertia moments, 1301, BIt Fuel/air injector, 163 Firing order, 126 Free-form reflector, 503, 503f Fuels, 275-281, 277f Fischer-Tropsch,278 Freight traffic, 4, 5, 5f . Functional build, 58-0 Five-cylinder engines, 126, 1271. BOt Frequency, 221, 221j, 222, 291, 301, Five-speed automatic transmission, 302J, 309. 427, 427J, 450, 452J, G switeh. 413 217J, 231[ 458 Galilee. I Five-speed manual transmission, Frequency ratio, 441/ Galvanic corrosion, 330, 331 228/ Frequency targets, 65--66, 66f Galvanizing, 331 Five-speed transmissions, 237 Fresnel lenses, 509 Gamma machines. 118 Fixed calipers. 400, 400j, 401 Friction brakes, 398 Gang injection, 139 FKT guideline, 489 Friction cake, 432f Gap dimensions, 290 Flame port. 192 Friction clutch, 226 Gas exchange, 123, 124(, 133-136, Flange seal, 3341 Friction coefficient, 217-218, 219, 166,166[ flash memory, 532 249,251(,400,403, 431J, 432J, Gas flows, 43, 43/ Flash to pass, 502 462 Gas force, 132/ Flat engines, 126, 127f Friction differential, 218 Gas injection technique (GIn, 566, Flat-tube heat exchanger, 49-50, 50f Friction drag, 39 566/: 5661.567[ Flex lines, 408 Friction lining, 219. 221,233 Gas spring rate, 457 Flexible disc joints, 218 Friction mean effective pressure, 133, Gas turbines, 118-119, 119/ Floating calipers, 400, 401f 134{ Gasmotorenfabrik Deurz, 123, 1751 626 Keyword Index Key - Gasoline, 203-204, 277j, 278 Halogen bulbs, 505, 506, 506j, 507, Hub,445 [HF Gasoline direct injection (GDI) 509 Human models, 341-342, 342f, engine, 156--157, IS7/, 203 Halogen beadlamps, 501 344-346, 346f IIIw GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine, Halogen lights, 506, 507/ Humidity, l25 111m [56-157, 157}; 203 Handicapped persons, 7 Hybrid bus, ll2-113, 120 Illw Gear changes, 229-230 Handling properties, 482-488 Hybrid construction. 304-313, 306f. IMI Gear noise, 226 Hanomag, 1761 J09f, 3lOf im~ Gear ratio, 216, 217,226, 231-232 Hard point package, 88 Hybrid drives, 114-121 IM[ Gear selector lever, 234-235, 23~l Hardware in the loop,S 18,594, 598j, Hybrid drivetrains, 29, 247 Iron Gear selector sensor, 244 601,603/ Hybrid filters, 359 Imp Gears, 226, 230-232 H-arm suspension, 449, 449( Hybrid III dummy, 370, 370/ Gel cells, 116 Hatchback, 39, 42j, 43/ Hybrid propulsion concepts, 114f, Imp Gemini space program, 109 HDPE (high density polyethylene), 114-116 General Motors, 108,539 492 Hybrid technology, 566--567, 567[, Imp General Use Permit, 16 Head injuries, 368 5681' Imp Generator, 63, 265, 265f, 266/ Head Injury Criterion (HIC), ]68, 369/ Hydraulic actuation, 222, 222/ Inc, German Federal Traffic Head Protection Criterion (HPe). 369, Hydraulic brake assistant, 419-421, Incl Administration, 605 369/ 420f Indo Germany, If. 2/; 3, 3f, 95, 341, 349, Head restraints, 376--377, 377 Hydraulic brake boosters, 407-408 429, 429};488, 489, 502,507,533 Headlamp cleaning system, 504, 505/ Hydraulic compensating elements, Indi aeeidcnts, 10, 10f, 365, 366f, 389/ Headlamp lenses, 504. 555 1JJ Indi regulations, 16--27, 17t, 181, 18f, Headlamp range adjustment, 505 Hydraulie control unit (brakes), 414 IndJ 505,508,509,538,582,605 Headlarnps.cul-cu? Hydraulic mount, 442( Indr vehicles, I L 13. 13f, 215t, 294, Headlight mounting points. 287 Hydraulic power steering, 470f, 471j, Indr 300 Headlights, 28, 29 472f, 473-474 Indi Gcrodise" coupling. 252 Headroom, 9~. 98t Hydraulic slip conrrol, 2~7. 258/ Indi Geromatic'" eoupling, 251-253, 253/ Heat engines, 116 Hydraulic telescoping dampers, 455 Ind GIT (gas injection technique), 566, Heal exchanger, 150/ Hydraulic transmission controls, 234. 566/: 566/, 5671' Heat exchangers. 48, 119 234f Iner GKN Powrlock" differential, 251 Heat pump, 541 Hydraulic valve control, 169f, Inei GKN Viscolok coupling, 252, 254 Heat transfer, 47-57 169-170 In. Glare, 501 Heat treatment, 320 Hydrocarbons (HC), 10,23-25, 24t, Glas.5401 Heated element welding, 492 25,97 Ine Glass, 554-555 Heater, 51. 52f, 52-53, 53f. 541 diesel engines, 183. 184/, 192, 195, Infl Glass fiber, 305-306, 314f, 3161, 551 Heating, 45, 51-53 196, 198, 206, 206/ Glass-mar-reinforced thermoplastic Helium, 117 fuel cell propulsion, 107 In! (GMT), 551 Heraclitus, 591 gas turbines. 119 Inj1 Glazing, 305. 554-555 Hcrcules/McLarenILolUs,5401 Otto-cycle engines, 140, 143, 145. Inj GLD (gas discharge lamps), 506 Hexaffuorozirconic acid, 334 145f, 158 In} Global positioning system (GPS), 348, HIC (Head Injury Criterion), 368, Stirling engines, 118 3~1 369/ two-stroke engines, 271 In} Global sysrem for mobile HID (high intensity discharge) lamps. Hydrodynamie clutch, 224 Inj communications (GSM), 348, 506 Hydrodynamic torque converter, 223(, 349-350,533,534 Hierarchy of needs, 354, 354f 223-226,224/: 229 Inj GM Corvette. 5401 High beams, 502, 503, 504, 508 Hydrogen, 117. 277f, 280[ 281,496, Inj GMR (yaw moment control), 418 High density polyethylene (HDPE), 498 Inj GMT (glass-mat-reinforced 492 generation, 109, 113 Inl thermoplastic). 551 High intensity discharge (HID) lamps, storage, 109-110 [nl Gold, 551, 557 506 Hydrogen embrittlemcnt, 557 Inl Goodyear, Charles. 424 High-frequency welding, 558-559 Hydrogen fuel cells, 107-113. 108f, ln GPS (global positioning system). 348. High-pressure liquid fuel injection, [J Of, 113/ In. 351 [61-162,162/ Hydromechanieal forming. 562 [ru Grade resistance, 34j, 35 Hindenburg, 176t Hydroplaning, 426f, 426/, 486---487 In Graphite cast iron, 136, 138 Hip point, 285. 285f, 340 Hydropneumatie active spring, 458. In Great Britain, 366f, 502 Hole-type nozzle, 188, 188f 459/ Greenhouse effect, 144 Homogeneous mixtures, 163, 163f Hydropneumatic suspension, 458 In Gregoire AF. 540t Honda, 108, 4Tlf In Ground elearence, 97 Prelude, 480 Ideal gas. 178 Gs discharge lamps (GDL), 506 Honda VTEC engine, 169, 169/ Ideation, 83. 85 In GSM (global system for mobile Hood,187 Idle speed control, 148 In communications), 348, 349-350, Hooke joints, 218, 469, 469}:470/ IF (interstitial free) steels. 543 In 533,534 Horizontally opposed engines, 126, Ignition coil, 142-143, 14V In Guard rail frame, 382/ 127f, 130" 131, Ignition delay, 159, 180-182, 18l.f; In Guldner, Hugo, 1751 Hot butyl, 3341 182f; 185 I, HPC (Head Proteetion Criterion), 369, Ignition system, 140-143 I, Haldex'" coupling, 254f, 254-255 369/ Ignition timing maps, 14 I}: 142 lr Halfshafts. 218, 218/ H-point, 21. 21[ 285, 285[ 340 Ignition timing, 140f, 141f 141-142, u Hall effect sensors, 244, 260. 261 Hcpoint template, 338-339, 340/ 144,246 Keyword Index 627

IHF (internal hydroforming), 319J, Interior flow simulation, 593-594 Knoekback, 400 319-320, 562J, 562-565 Interior layout, 338-344 Koessler, 362 Illuminance, 501, 506/ Interior lighting, 510 Koyo Seiko, 478f Illumination, 501-510 Interior surfaces, 72/ Krupp,539 Illumination intensity, 501 Interior vehicle loads, 597, 597f IMO (in-mold decoration), 565, 565/ Internal combustion, 123 Lamborghini, 80, 293 imep,166/ Internal hydroforming (IHF), 319j, Laminated safety glass, 554-555 IML (in-mold lamination), 565 319-320, 562J, 562-565 Laminating, 565, 565/ Immobilizer, 25 Internal injuries, 368 Laneia Lambda, 539 Impact dynamies, 372j;372-374, 377, International Research Council on the Land Rover Discovery II, 459, 46Qf 3781; 379J, 380, 380J, 381f Biomechanics of Impacts Lap belt. 377-378 Impact protection criteria, 368-369, (IRCOBI), 367 Laser measurement technology, 369J, 370f International Telecommunications 600-<;01 Impact simulation, 369-370 Union (ITU), 533 Laser welding. 296. 320. 491, 492, Impeller, 356 Internet, 347 492J, 558 Incandescent bulbs. 505, 506, 509 Interstitial free (IF) steels. 543 Late intake opening, 167, 168/ Inclination angle. 439 Inverters, 104-105 Lateral acceleration, 486, 486j; 487/ Independent suspension, 438, 445, Ion current detector. 142 Lateral acceleration sensors, 260, 446t,447--448 IRCOBI (lntemational Research 262J,413,413f Indicated efficiency, 125 Council on the Biomechanics of Lateral force, 40, 392, 394f. 41 OJ, 431, Indium, 165 Impacts), 367 4321; 433J, 444, 445f Individual fuel injection, 139 Ireland. 502 Lateral force coefficient, 410, 41Qf. Induction module, 153-154 Iridium, 551 41lJ, 415f Induction runner shutoff, 161 Iron, 541J, 542 Lattice Boltzmann method. 593 Induction system materials, 138-139 Iron losses, 522, 522f Lauster, Imanuel, 1751 Induction welding, 491, 492/ ISAD (integrated starter alternator Layered fiber composites, 327, 328( Inductive wheel speed sensors, 412, damper) system, 265, 266/ Lead, 557 412( ISO, 37, 75, 126,537, Lead-acid battery, 106, 106/, 116, Inert gas welding, 492/ lsocaudcla, 501 523/. 523-524 Inertia, 37 Isochors.117,117f Lead/gel battery, ll6 Inertia forces, 128-131, 129j; BOt, Isolux. 50 I Leafsprings, 446 131t, I 32j; 394f Isotherms, 117, 117/ Leak detection pump, 519, 519/ Inertia moments. 130t, Bit Isotropic steels, 543 Leather, 553-554, 554f Informationnetwork interfaees, 514, Italy. 366/ LEOs (light emitting diodes), 507, 509 515,516 ITU (International Left-hand traffic, 502 Infrared, 510, 554-555 Telecommunications Union), 533 Legroom, 95, 98/, 285 Injection, 179-180, 185/ Leisure travel, 3, 3/ Injection molded plastics, 403 Jacking, 439 Lenses, 504, 555 Injection molding, 325, 329j: 565, Jaguar, 80, 448 Lever ann sender, 495, 495j' 566-567,569 Japan, 156, 157. 215t, 391, 458, 459, Lexus GS300. 481 ' Injection pump, 185-187, 186J; 187/ 482,502, 504 LFT (long-fiber thermoplastics). 5521. Injection system, 185-192, 186J, 191, Jaw clutch, 226 552-553 191f Jet pump, 494, 494f License plate, 25 Injector. 188-191, 190/ Jet ring fans, 50 License plate lamps, 509 Injector nozzle, 187-189 Jewel look, 510 Lift coefficient, 43 Injury mitigation, 21-22 Joining element dimensioning, 590 Lift force, 40, 40/ Inline engines, 126, 127j, 130t Joining methods, 290, 295-296, 309, Light emitting diodes lLEDs), 507, Inline injection pump, 187, 187/ 311J, 312, 3121;313/. 550, 509 Inline pumps, 493 558-561 Lighting, 501-510 In-mold decoration (JMO), 565, 565/ Joints, 218. 319-320, 320f, 322f, 332/ Lighting equipment. 2 L 22/ In-mold lamination (lMLj, 565 Jounce, 437,439,447 Lighting tests, 508 Innovation, 9-16, 27-31. 281, 30/ Journal bcarings. 210 Lighrweight construction, 292-296, Innovation waves, 15! Juddcr, 40 I 293J, 304-313, 314-324, 315f Institute filr Fahrzeugtechnik (Institute Junkers Motorenbau GmbH, 176t Limited slip, 251, 256 for Automotive Technology). 362 Limited-pressure process, 178, 178/ Intake runners, 193 Kamm's friction circle. 410(, 411, 431 Limited-slip differential, 218, 447 Intake system, 133-136, 134J, 135J, Kiel dummy, 339 . Linear motion, 37 166-168, 167( Kinematics, 437--439, 462--470 Liquefied natural gas (LNG), 277J, Intake valve train,'134J, 167, 16~( Kinetic energy, 120 278,281,496,498 In-lank pumps. 493 Kingpin axis, 43&/; 439. 443-444, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 277j; Integral suspension. 449/ 445,462,4621,464,465(: 466/ 278,281 Intelligent technical systems, 27, 28/ Kingpin inclination, 462t Liquid cooling, 149-150, 150/ Intelligent tools, 586 Kingpin offset. 439, 462t, 462--463, Liquid hydrogen, 27~f. 28Q/; 281,496, Interface protocol. 149 463f. 464f 498 Interfaces, 514-516 K-Line,527 Lithium battery, 116 Interior design, 82, 338-347 Knee displacement, 369, 369/ Lithium-ion battery, 106, 1061 lntcrior dimensions, 901, 98t, 285, Knock, 144, l72 Lithium-polymer battery, 106, )06/, 285J, 2851 Knock control, 148 107 628 Keyword Index KeY' --

Live axle, 446, 446J,447 Manufacturing strategy. 582-583 Methane, 184,277/, 280 Mull Lloyd 300, 5401 Map-controlled dampers, 458 Methanol, 277J, 279, 495 Mull LNG (liquefied natural gas), 277/, Marker lamps, 509 Methanol fuel cells, 107, l l O, llQf, Mull 278,281,496,498 Marketing, 80-81 IlL 113j Mull Load dumping, 523 Marque, 293 Methanol production, 110. 113 MUD Load leveling, 456, 45~r Maschinenfabrik Augsburg, 1751 Michelin, 5401 MYI Load simulation, 601, 60 lJ Maserati 3500 GT, 293 Michelin PAX, 446 Load-carrying behavior, 429--430 Maslow, 354, 354/ Microalloyed steels, 543 Nad. Load-carrying structure, 96 MASR (motor antisJipregulation), Microprocessor self-diagnostics, 149 Nati Load-change bucking, 74, 74J 417,418 Mid-mounted engine, 93-94, 94/,951 Load-change vibrations, 74j, 74-75 Mass airflow, 513f, 513-514, 514f Mid-range class, 98f, 981 Nan Loads, 597, 597./ Master cyl inder, 404-405 Mini disc (MD), 532 Nan Locking differential, 218 Materials, 539-573 Minivans, 490 Lockup clutch, 224-225, 225/ Maximum ozone formation potential, Mirror mounts, 44 Nav Lockup torque converters, 224-225, 184 Mirrors, 46-47 Nav 225j Maybach/Daimler, 5401 Misfires, 149 Lokasil. 237, 137J,555-556 Mazda, 209, 210/ Misfiring, 144 Neb Longevity, 195 MB A-class, 462/ Misuse tests, 598J, 599 Long-fiber thermoplastics (LFT), MBS (multi-body systems), 383J, 384, Mitsubishi.481 Nee 5521,552-553 385.434. 435j Mitsubishi GDI engine, 156. 157 Longitudinal aeeeleration sensor, 413 MeKechnie, 1761 Mitsubishi MIVEC engine, 169 Nee Longitudinal dynamics, 3901, McPherson suspension, 448 Mixed hybrids, 116 Nee 391-392 MD (mini disc), 532 Mixed-material construction, NEI Longitudinal engine, 217 MEA (membrane electrode 304-313. 306J,309J,310j Longitudinal force, 38 assembly), 108 Mixture formation. 179-180, 185 NEl Longitudinal friction force, 433/ Measurement chain principle, 600/ MKS-Crash module, 38~f Net Longitudinal member, 384, 384/ Measurement technology, 596J, 599, MMC (metal matrix composites), Net Longitudinal mounting, 91, 92-94, 600r 555-556 Nee 92/: 93!, 94(, 153( Mechanical brake assistant, 419, 420/ Mobil Oil, 278 Ne, Longitudinal suspension forces, Mechanical control, 391 Mobile stations. 350, 350/ 391-392 Mechanical efficiency, 125 Mobile switching centers, 350, 350/ N", Longitudinal tractive forces, 409-410, Mechanical losses, 522, 522/ Mobility,I-7 NE 411 Mechanical supercharging system, Mobility centers, 611 Long-stroke engines, 194 209-210, 210j, 215 Mobility model, 606, 60~r NIt L'Orange, 1751 Membrane electrode assembly Modifieation freedom, 578-579, 57~f. Nic Lotus Elite Coupe, 540t (MEA). 108 582 Nic Low beams, 501, 503j, 504. 508 Memory, 243 Modular construction, 99, 100, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), 277J, Mercedes ABD (automatic brake 289-290, 307/ Ni, 278,281 differential),256 Mold casting, 323/ Lubricant, 227-228 Mercedes-Benz, 458 Moment vector, 38 Ni~ Lubrication, 151J, 151-153,273 0405. 109 Moments. 465, 469 Nil Luggage compartment, 96, 98t A-class, 83, 94J, 111,205,490 Moose test, 488 Nis Luminous intensity, 501, 50~f C-class hybrid, 115/ MOST (media oriented systems Nh Luxury ear, 57/ Bclass, 449J, 570/ transpon),536 Ni! G-model,44t!f Motion, I Ni: M diesel engine. 174, 174f, 1751, 193 4matic, 250, 251/ Motor antislip regulation (MASR), Maeh number, 40 MBIOO, III 4l7,418 Ni Machining, 329/ Scclass. 9, 9J, 98t, 459, 4621,553, Motor Vehiele EMC Directive, 537 Ni MADYMO.385 554, 554t Motorcycles, 33 Ni Magnesium, 138, 305, 306J, 314, 314j, SLK.302 Motorization. ~(, 2 316J,558 Smart, 9, 9f Motorola, 532 Ni Magnesium alloys, 320, 322, 32~/; Type 260 D, 1761 Motronic engine rnanagemcnt system, Ni 541,547-548,548' Y12, 142 148j Magnesium aluminum silicate, 556 V-class, 109, III Mounting elements, Tlf. 73-74 Ni Magnetoresisrive wheel speed Mercedes-Benz five-speed Type SO MP3,532 sensors, 4l2J, 412-413 150 transmission, 228, 228/ MPX-S (multiplex signal), 348 Magsimal-59, 545-546, 546J, 5461 Mercedes-Benz Mill engine, 210, MSR (engine drag torque control), MAN, 175/, l76t 211J, 212, 213j 258,418 Man in the loop, 598/ Mereury switches, 413 MTU.1761 MAN M diesel engine, 174. 174j, Metal foams, 548-549, 549f Mudflaps,44 l75t,193 Metal forming simulation, 592, 592/ Muffler support, 286 Manganese, 334, 546-547 Metal inert gas (MJG) welding, 296, Muffler volumes, 96 N Manual design process, 83-85, 84j, 313(.320, 320j Multi-body systems (MBS), 383J,384. N 86j Metal matrix composites (MMC), 385, 434, 435F N Manual steering, 472 555-556 Multifunction displays, 343 I N Manual transmission, 215t, 219, Metal oxide coatings, 554 Multilink suspension, 449/ 226-228, 226J, 227/; 228j Metal/plastic composites, 566-567, Multimedia networking, 534-536 Manufacturer's plate, 26 567J,568j Multimedia systems, 531-538 Keyword Index Keyword Index 629

Methane, 184,277(.280 Multiphase steels, 543-544 simulation, 65. 651 Optimization, 590--591, 602 Methanol, 277[, 279, 495 MuItiplate cluteh, 232-233, 233/ testing, 22-23, 23/ Orbital Engine Corporation. 163 Methanol fuel cells, 107, 110,110/; Multiplex signal (MPX-S), 348 transmission, 71[, 71-73 Organometals, 551 111, l1Jf Multipoint injection, lJ9, 139/ Noise emissions, 7, 11.22-23,23('62, ORVR (onboard refueling vapor Methanol production, 110, 113 Munich Technical University, 346 75f; 75-76, 761. 192, 193, 214, recovery),491 Michelin, 540/ MVEG A driving eycle (Europe), 146/ 227,272,272/ Oscillating inertia forces. 128-129, Michelin PAX, 446 Noise regulations, 23, 75, 96 129/ Microalloyed steels, 543 Nader, Ralph, 10, 362 Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), Osmium, 551 Microprocessor self-diagnostics, 149 National Highway Traffic Safety 184 Otto, Nicolaus August, 123 Mid-mounted engine, 93~94, 94j; 95t Administration (NHTSA), 362 Nonmethane organic gases (NMOG), Otto-cycle engines, 123, 123-173, Mid-range class, 98[, 98t Natural fibers, 569l, 570/ 184 195-196, 196/ Mini disc (MD), 532 Natural gas, 277j; 279-281, 496, 496j; Nonselective catalytic reaction Output, 126 Minivans, 490 497j; 498 (NSCR),198' Overall Abbreviated Injury Scale Mirror mounts, 44 Navier-Stokes equations. 592, 593 North America, 215t (OAIS),367 Mirrors, 46-47 Navigation systems, 34], 347, Norway, 502 Overdrive factor, 216. 217f Misfires, 149 351-352,531 Notchback, 41,44/; 284 Overflow container, 490j; 49Q-49! Misfiring, 144 Nebus (New Electric Bus), 109, 11 1, NO, (nitrogen oxides) adsorber; 164, Overhead camshaft, 131, 132{ Misuse tests, 598[, 599 112j; lilt, 112-Ill 165,165/ Overhead valves 131, 132/ Mitsubishi, 481 Necar (New Electric Car), 109, 111. NO, conversion rate, 204, 204f Overlap shift, 230 Mizsubishi GDl engine, 156, 157 1111. 111/, 112, 112( NO, selectivity, 164-165 Overpressure, 45, 46r 355 Mitsubishi MIVEC engine, 169 Neck injuries, 368 NO. sensor, 164 Oversteer, 418 Mixed hybrids, 116 Neck Injury Criterion (NIC). 369, 369j NO. storage catalytic converter, 1991 Overvolrage, 522-523 Mixed-material construction, NEDC (Ncw European Driving 199-200,200/ Oxidation, 184 304-313, 306f; 309f; 31Of Cycle), 1tl, 165 Nozzle, 187-189, 193 Mixture formation, 179-180, 185 NEO Di engine, 158 Nozzle geometry, 188, 189f Package, 88-101,284-285, 304, 338 MKS-Crash module. 383/ Net brake power, 126 Nozzle holder, 188-189, 190/ Package database, 89-90 MMC (metal matrix composites), Netherlands traffie fatalities, 366/ Nozzle holes, 188, 189j; 192 Paint. 3]1, 331/ 555-556 Neural networks, 595 Nozzle needles, 188, 188/ Paint baking, 317 Mobil Oil, 278 New European Driving Cycle Nozzle valves, 188 Painting, 306-307, 3311, 335-336, Mobile stations, 350. 350/ (NEDC), III, 165 NSCR (nonselective catalytic 557-558 Mobile switching centers, 350, 350/ New vehicle program, 577 reaction), 198 Palladium, 551 Mobility, 1-7 NExT (Nissen Exquisitely Tuned Numerical simulation, 158-159 Palm oil, 279 Mobility centers, 611 Combustion), 158 PAMCrash, 384, 385 Mobility model. 606, 606{ NIC (Neck Injury Criterion), 369. 369/ OAIS (Overall Abbreviated Injury Panhard Dyna 54, 540t Modification freedom, 578- 579,579/: Nickel, 334, 557 Scale),367 Panhard rod, 446 582 Nickel-cadmium battery, 106, 106l, OBD (onboard diagnostics), 23, 25, Paper lining. 233 Modular construction. 99, 100, 116 149,519-520 Paraboloid reflector, 502, 503l 289-29O,307f Nickel-metal hydride battery, 106, OBD 11, 489, 519/ Parallel hybrids, 114-115, 116 Mold casting, 32Jf 106/,116 Objective evaluation, 483-488 Parameter memory (EPROM). 149, Moment vector, 38 Night driving, 501 OBU (on board unit), 351 243 Moments, 465, 469 Night vision, 510 Occupant protection, 374-379 Parameter optimization. 590 Moose test, 488 Nissen. 108,458 Occupant simulation, 385-386 Park gear, 235 MOST (media oriented systems Nissen Active Brake limited slip, 256 Off-road driving, 459 Park pawl, 235 transport), 536 Nissen ETS eoupling, 255. 255f Off-road vehicles, 7, 97-98, 447 Parked vehicles, 75 Motion, 1 Nissan Exquisitely Tuned Combustion Oil,47-48, 151,210--211 Parking brake, 20, 395, 398, 399, 39~t: Motor antislip regnlation (MASR), (NExT), 158 Oil change, 152-153 421 417,418 Nissan NEO Di engine, 157-158 Oil cooler, 50, 50[, 152 Parking lamps. 509 Motor Vehicle EMC Directive, 537 Nitrate stability, 165 Oil filter, 152, 152( Parking space, 4, 7, 14 Motorcycles, 33 Nitric oxide (NO), 145, 145/; 183, Oil pan, 152 . Partial zero emissions vehicles Motorization, 2[, 2 198,201 Oil pressure, 151 (PZEV'),102 Motorola. 532 Nitrogen, 117, 144 Oil pump, 151-152,233-234 Particle size. 196-197, 197f Motronic engine management system, Nitrogen dioxide (N02)' 145, 165, Oil sump, 152 Particulate filters, 196--198, 197f, 357, 148/ 166,198,199 Oil temperature sensor, 244 3581. 359 Mounting elements, 73[, 73-74 Nitrogen oxides (NO,), 10, 24t. 107 On board unit (OBU), 351 Particulates, 10,23,24/, 145 MP3,532 diesel engines, 183, 192, 195, 196, Onboard diagnostics (OBD), 23, 25, diesel engines, 183-185, 185[, 192, MPX-S (multiplex signal), 348 198, 198f: 199f 149,519-520 196-198,197(.1981. 205, 206, \ofSR (engine drag torque control), gas turbines, 119 Onboard electrieal system, 266, 267f 206/ 258,418 Otto-cycle engines, 143, 145, 160, Onboard refueling vapor recovery Pascal, 1, II7, 117f \.ITU, 1761 164-166 (ORVR),491 Passenger cabin, 45 \ofudftaps,44 Stirling engines, 118 One-eylinder engines. 126, 132f Passenger eomfort. 45 Mufflersupport, 286 two-stroke engines, 271 One-shot technology, 565, 565f Passenger compartment, 52, 53 \ofuffier volumes, 96 Nobium,317 On/offboosler.419 Passenger traffic, lj; 3f \ofulti-body systems (MBS), 383f, 3 84, Noble metals, 551 Opel,540t Passenger-kilometers, If, 2, 3l 385,434,435/ Noble-metal catalytic converters, 164 Opel Ecotec diesel engine, 1761 Passive suspensions, 391 \otullifunction displays, 343 Noise,5S-77,119,613 Operating conditions, 596f, 597 Passive vehicle safety, 21, 22f \..fultilink suspension, 449f frequency, 65-67, 66f Operating point, 207f, 207-208 Passive wheel speed sensors, 4 I2, \ofultimedia networking, 534-536 interior, 45--47, 58 Operating point shift, 17 If, 171-172 412/ I.ofultimedia systems, 531-538 level" 58f, 59(. 60f, 66/ Optical recognition, 247 Patrick. Lawrence M., 367 630 K

Patrick eurve, 368,3681 Poisson's equation, 178 PROMETHEUS, 7/ 29, 29f, 607, R Pawl,235 Polar moment of inertia, 394{ 607/608f . Pcconvcrgence. 590 Polimotor Research Inc., 5401 Props hafts, 2[8 R POM (product data management), 90 Polyamide, 551 Propulsion forces, 391 Pedal feel, 397-398 Polyearbonate, 504, 555 Propulsion systems, 101-121 R Pedestrian collision, 367f, 382, 383/ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Propulsion unit, 61--63 R Pedestrian impact, 21 183,1841 Prototypes, 580, 585, 601--602 R Pedestrian traffic, 3, 3/ Polyester, 551 PSPF (Pubic Symphysis Peak Force), R PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) Polyester resins, 326 369,370f ~ fuel cell, I08-I09.109L, ItO Polyglyco,409 Psychoaeoustic evaluation, 136 Permanent magnet excited Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene), 408 ~ synchronous motors. 103. 105. fuel cell. 108-109, 109t, 110 Pubic Symphysis Peak Force (PSPF), 105t Polymer matrices, 569, 569t 369, 370f ~ Permanent magnet motors, 103 Polvmcrs. 325, 404, 565-567 Publie transportation, If, 2f, 3f, 3-4, ~ Petit Pierre, 1751 Polypropylene, 551 4f, 14 ~ Peugeot, 176t Polyurethane, 325, 327-328, 32~{ Pulley sets, 240-241 F Philips, 532 Poly-V belts, 153, 1531 Pulse-width-modulated signals, 516 ~ Phosphating, 331t, 334-335 Pontiac, 539 Purchasing planning, 578 F Phosphorus, 317 Pcrsche, 82, 99f, 540t, 547 Push belt, 239, 239f, 242 F Phosphorus-based microalloys, J 17 904 GTS, 5401 PWM valves, 245 F Photometric units, 50 I f 910/8,540t PZEVs (partial zero emissions F Physical ignition delay, 180 911,93/ 97f, 547, 448 vehicles), 102 F Physics, 33-77 917, 540t ~ Pierce riveting, 296, 296J; 305, 309. 928. 448 Quality assurance, 77, 603--604 311/312, 312/ 313/ 320, 559, Boxstcr,94f, 137f, 462t, 547 Quality circle, 604f 559f Carrera 4, 392{ Queen Elizabeth Il, 175t I Pillars, 287-288,288/,2891" Porsche ABO (automatic brake Quench motion, 180 I Pilot injection, 185· . differential). 256 I Pintle nozzle, 188, 188!" Powder paints, 336 Rack and pinion steering, 466, 467, I Piston acceleration, 12S Power brakes, 259 471/471-472, 472f, 474f I Piston bowl, 156, IS7/, 157, 158, 160, Power curves, 10~1: 207. 20~r Radial blower, 51, 521 I 175f Power density, 106, 1061 Radial brakes, 398 I Piston compressor, 163 Power pack, 474 Radial plunger pumps, 186-187 I Piston cooling, 152 Power split hybrid, 116 Radial tires, 424-425 I Piston force, 130, 1321 Power steering, 266, 470j, 471,1; 472f, Radial turbine wheel, 211-212 I Piston side thrust, 129 473/473-475,476 Radiated immunity, 536-537 I Piston travel, 128 Power steering pump, 63 Radiated noise, 591 Piston velocity, 128 Power supply, 514 Radiator, 45, 48-50, 49f, 501 Pistons, 138, 194, 194(.539 PPS (product program submission), 83 Radio, 348f, 348-349 Pitch acceleration, 38 Prechamber diesel engine, 174. 174{: Radio data system (RDS), 348-349, Pitch angle, 37 175/; 188, 192, 195. 196/ 3491,532 Pitch moment, 38, 401 Precoating, 3J I Radio reception, 537 Pitch motion, 452f Preforms, 555, 5551 Radiophones, 351 Pitch velocity. 38 Prepreg, 325f, 551!, 551-552 Rag joint, 469 Pitman arm, '466-467,4671: 471 Pressed glass, 504 Rain. 44 Planar independent suspension. 447, Pressure check valve, 493 Ramp angles, 97 447f Pressure drag, 39 Ramped excitation, 527 Planet gear carrier, 231-232 Pressure limiter, 493 RAMS1S, 95. 341-342. 342f, 346. Planetary automatic transmissions. Pressure lubrication system, 151f, 346f . 230-232 151-152 Range extender concept. II 5-116 Planetary differential. 250, 2501 Pressnre plate, 219, 2201 Rapeseed oil, 279 Planetary gear train. 230-232, 2321 Pressure regulator, 244, 2441 Rapeseed oil methyl ester (R..\1E),495 Planetary rransmisison. 477f Pressure sensor, 414 Ravigneaux gear trains. 23 l, 232 Plastic engine components, [38-139 Pressure trace, 143-144, 1441 RBCe coupling, 25~/; 254 Plastic foams, 327, 328f Pressure wave supercharger, 195,209, RDS (radio data system), 348-349, Plastic lenses, 504 209/21O/212,212f 532 Plastic molding, 3291 Prerensioners, 375 Reach envelope, 343, 343f Plastics, 305-306, 314, 314/: 316f, Primer, 335-336 Reactants. 108-109 325,540,541, 54lf, 542, Process planning, 578f, 578-582, 5801 Rear axle svsrem. 72f 551-553 Product creation, 575--604 Rear collision, 286 Plastisols.Bj-tr Product data management (POM). 90 Rear impact, 373-374 Platform development, 100, 1001 Product description. 83, 88 Rear position lamps, 508 Platform strategies, 586 Product program submission (PPS), Rear subframe, 4401 Plating, 557 83 Rear suspension crossmember, Platinum, 551 Production volume. 582 286-287 Plunger tandem master cylinder, 405, Program checkpoints, 576f, 5801 Rear-mounted engine, 93, 93f, 94, 94f, 405f Program planning, 575-578 951 Pneumatic rrail, 463 Project organization, 584, 584f Rear-seat passengers, 347 Keyword Index 631

Rear-wheel drive, 91, 93, 93J, 94, 94J, Roll stiffness, 392 Seat belts, 375, 376, 377J, 377-378 951,218, 218J, 230, 237, 401,411 Roll velocity, 38 anchorage, 370-371, 375, 375f Rear-wheel steering, 479j; 480J, Rollback,400 Seat crossmember, 286, 286f 48l}-482,481/ Roller followers, 133, 134f Seat dimensions, 341f Rebound, 437,439 Rolling noise, 71f Seat location, 452 Recapped tires, 429 Rolling radius. 39 Seat tests, 370-371 Receiver-drier, 53, 54 Rolling resistance, 34{, 34--35, 35J, Seat-belt retraetors, 286 Receivers, 532 426/,428--429, 430{, 430t Seating, 95-96, 98(, 302 Reciprocating-piston combustion Rolling resistance coeffi-cient, 12,35, Seating buck, 95-96, 343, 344.( engines. 123 35/ Seating position, 285, 285f Recirculating ball steering. 470J, Rollover, 302, 374, 374.( Searing reference point, 21, 285, 285J, 470--471 Roll-up sleeve effect, 326f 340 Rectifier, 521 Roof, 288J, 288-289 Seating surface, 340-341 Recycling, 42~f, 569-571, 570J, 571f Roof crush resistance, 371 Secondary air injection, 147 Reference holes, 295 Roots supercharger, 212, 213f Seiliger process, 178, 178f Reflectance. 504/ Rotary piston, 212 Selandia. 175/ Reflection, 441-442, 442f Rotary vane eompressor, 55 Selective catalytic reaction (SCR), Reflectivity, 504 Rotational force, 130, 132f 198. 199 Reflectors, 502-504 Rotor, 212, 212J, 521 Selective catalytic reduetion (SCR), Reformer, 110 Rover, 169 165 Refrigerant, 53-55, 55f Rover ETC (electronie traction Self-diagnosis. 526, 526f Refrigerant cycle, 55f control), 256 Self-diagnostics, 149 Regulations, 16-27,75,96,98,102, Rubber behavior, 433--434, 434{, 553 Self-learning, 149 489,501,504 Rubber mounts, 73J, 440, 445 Self-supporting tire carcass, 436 tire, 429 Run-flat tire systems, 436 Self-supporting tires, 446 Relative tip clearance, 210 Running lamps, 508 Semiconductor ignition, 141 Release bearing, 220f Ruthenium, 551 Semiconductor switches, 265, 525 Release duration, 396 Rzeppa, Hans, 218 Semirrailing arm suspension, 447, Release pressure, 219 447J, 449 Release time, 396 Saab, 142,370, 377f Semi trailing link suspension, 448 Reliability tests, 601 Sac-hole nozzle, 188 Senior citizens, 7 Renault, 93 SAE (Society ofAutomotive Sensor failure, 149 Renewable resources, 568-569. 569( Engineers), 90, 125, 126, 139, Sensor functions, 329-330 Repairs, 99, 297, 298f 501 Scnsors, 244, 260-261, 262(, Resin transfer molding, 327 SAE H-point template, 338-339, 340f 411-414,458, 511-514, 512J, Resonant frequency, 221, 221J, 222, Safe life quality, 317, 318f 513t 291,301,309,450,453,456/ Safety, 297,302,362-386,364/ Sequential injection, 139 Resource profiles, 581 Safety belt testing, 602f Serial hybrids, I I Sf, 115-/16 Restraint systems, 375-377 Safety belts, 375 Service brake system, 395 Reverse tumble, 157, 157f Safety glass, 554-555 Serviee life tests, 60 [ Reynolds number, 40, 593 Safety regulations, 10,17/, 2Qf.20-22, Service properties. 425--429, 426j. Rhodium,55l 362,3621,3631 4261 Ride comfort, 427, 427f Safety Stutz, 5401 Servotronic, 473--474, 474(, 475,475f, Ride steer, 437 Safety testing, 591-592 476 Right-hand traffic, 502 Sand casting, 539 SgRP,21 Rigid-axle suspension, 445 Sandwich composites, 550J, 550-551 Shape factor, 120 Ring gear, 231-232 Sandwieh structures, 323-324, 324(, Shape optimization, 41,43, 590 Ring winding, 103 327-328,328/ SHED test (sealed housing Rio de Janeiro, 606 Sauter mean diameter (SMD), 162 evaporative determination), 489 Rio Principle, 606 Seandinavia, 504, 508, 533 Sheet metal, 293, 294--295, 306, 306f, Riveting. See Pierce riveting Scavenging, 271, 271f 308j, 317, 331, 539 RME (rapeseed oil methyl ester). Schedule, 58 If Sheet molding compound (SMC), 495-496 Scissors effect, 183, 183f 306, 307J, 326-327, 551 Road pricing, 608 SCR (selective catalytie reaction), Shift, 226, 230 Road testing, 598f 198,199 Shifl eomponenrs, 232-233 Roadster, 300 SCR (selective catalytic reduction), Shift meehanism, 227J, 228 RobCAD/man, 346 165 Shift programs, 246-247 Robert Boseh GmbH, 189 Screw pumps, 493 Shift quality. 235-236, 241, 246 Robots, 336 Scroll compressor, 55, 212-213, 213f, Shift schedule, 236. 236( Rocker arms. 132/; 133, 169 2141 Shifting lever. 234--235: 235f Roll aceeleranon, 38 Scrub radius, 462 Shock absorber. 440 Roll angle, 37, 453, 486f SEA (statistical energy analysis), 591 Shock absorber forees, 392 Roll axis, 439 Sealant, 334, 334t Shoek absorber friction, 448 Roll bar, 302 Sealed beam headlamps, 501, 504 Shock absorbers. See dampers Roll eenter, 438--439 Sealing, 332, 334, 334t Short-fiber thermoplastics, 552t Roll moment, 38, 40f, 453 Sealing wax, 336, 336t Shoulder room, 97, 98t Roll oscillations, 453, 454.( Searehlamps. 508 Shredder light fraction (SLF), 569, Roll steer, 437 Seat adjustment, 34Q{, 340-341, 341f 571 632 Keyword Index KeYWOl

51 (spark ignition) engine, 123 Society ofAutomotive Engineers Staged combustion, 195 SlVZO Sickle link, 448 (SAE).501 Staged release, 585 (St SID (side impact dummy), 370, 370/; Sodium-filled exhaust valves, 138 Stainless steel, 540, 545 Or, 3711, 380, 381/ Sodium-nickel chloride battery, 106, Standardization, 530, 530t, 602 531 Side force, 40j, 390. 39l, 392. 433f 1061. ll6 Stapp, John, 367 Subfran Side impact, 21, 22, 2~8, 302. 373, Sodium-sulfur battery, 106 Stapp Car Crash Conferences, 367 Subject 379-380, 3801,381/ Soft combustion, 192, 193 Starch, 279 Success Side impact dummy (SID), 370, 370/; Software in the loop, 518, 594, 601 Starter, 153 Sugar, 2 3711, 380, 381/ Soiling, 43--44, 284 Starter battery, 523 Sulfur, Side impact protection criteria, 369, Soldering, 491, 492f Starter/generator units, 170 19 370(.371 Solenoid valve, 244J, 244-245, 257, Static compression, 450 Sulfur d Side panel assembly, 287-288, 288! 258/ Static toe-in. 38 19' Side pinions, 217 Solvent emissions, 337( Stationary traffic, 4 Sulzer t Sideslip. 410 Soot, 183-184. 184[, 184t, 192, 196 Statistical energy analysis (SEA), 591 Summe Sideslip angle, 38 Sound. See Noise Stator winding, 104 Sun gca Siemens Automotive, 163 Sound insulation, 67J, 67--68,681; 4421 Steady-state cornering. 486, 48~( Sunbee Sight angles, 95 Sound pressure distribution. 591 Steel, 293, 299, 314, 314/. 316/: 317, Sunroo1 Signal lamps, 508-510 SP programs, 236, 236f 3191, 403, 539, 541. 5411, Superce Signal processing, 516-517 Space cams, 169 542-545,564 Supercl Signaling headlamps, 502 Space frame, 293-299, 294/; 31Of. Steel foam, 328{ 20 Silafont 36, 546. 547{; 5471 3 I (}--320,321f Steer angles, 437 Supetle Silencer volumes. 96 Space shuttle, 109 Steer-by-wire, 391, 476, 47~f, Superp. Silicate technology, 430 Spare tire, 97, 446 478-480,525 Suppler Silicon, 136-137, 137J, 555-556 Spare tire well, 287 Steering, 38.390-391 Supple Silicon nitride valves, 556 Spark duration, 142 Steering angle, 390-391,444,445, Surface Silicone, 409 Spark energy, 142 463,464, 464/: 4651:467, Surface Silver, 551, 557 Spark ignition (SI) engine, 123 468-469 Surface Simplex drum brake, 398, 398/ Spark ping, 142, 14~r Steering angle map, 48Q{ Suspen Simpson gear trains, 231,232 Spatial geometry, 338, 339f Steering angle sensors, 260-261, kine! Simulation. 583, 584{ Spatial independent suspension, 448, 26~( layer Simulation technology, 587-595, 588t 448(,449/ Steering assist, 472--475 ""Ie Simultaneous engineering, 575f, Spatial perception, 285 Steering axis. See Kingpin axis Suspen 575-587 Spatial suspensions, 468 Steering box, 466-467, 470--472 Sustain Single point injection, 139 Specific mass, 126 Steering gear, 466-467 Sustain Sintered metals, 38 Speech recognition, 353 Steering impulse test, 486 SUVs( Sintered rods, 138 Speed control, 246, 262 Steering kinematics, 439, 462--470 Swash] Sintcring, 329{ Speed-sensitive power steering. Steering knuckle, 445 Swayt Sinusoidal input, 488 473--474 Steering linkage, 466-467, 467j" Swede! Six-cylinder engines, 126, 127J, 128, Spherical independent suspension, Steering ratio. 38, 469, 474 SWIFl 130t, 1311, 13~r 447-448, 448/ Steering shaft, 469 In Skeleton construction, 293 Spider gears, 217 Steering system, 68-69, 69, Tt Ski sack. 490 Spindle, 445 461--782 Swirl, Skin, 283-284, 284f Split brake systems, 395-396 Steering wheel angle, 38, 486{ Swirl c Skin drag, 39 Sport mode, 236, 236j" Steering wheel angle sensor, 413 I: Skyhook prineiple, 458 Sport utility vehicles (SUVs), 97-98 Srecring wheel moment, 38 Swirlc Slalom tests, 488 Sports car, 44J, 456 Steering wheel movement. 369 Swirl ( Sleeve stiffening, 457 Spot welding, 290, 295, 3l2J, 313/; Step steer, 487, 488 I: SLF (shredder light fraction ), 569, 317,539,558 Stiction,448 Swirl I 571 Spray booths, 336 Stiffness,3lQf Swirl I Sliding calipers, 402J, 402--403, 403f Spray models, 162, 163J, 594, 594/ Stiffness simulation, 589 Switct Sliding frame eatipers, 402--403, 403{ Spray propagation, 180 Stirling engines, I [~(, 117-118, 118{ II Sliding speeds, 430 Spray-guided combustion systems, Storage chips, 532 Switel Sliding zones, 43 J. 431f 155-156,156/: 1591, 159-160 Straight-line motion, 484-486 Switze Slip, 223, 410 Spring constants, 45~r Strain limits. 317 Svnch Slip angle, 39, 390, 391, 410,410/: Spring forces, 392 Strassenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Drdnu Svneh 431, 432f, 486{ Spring rate, 441 ng (StYZO), 16, 171-181. 181, Synerj Slip-ring rotor, 103 Spring stiffness, 452{ 4R9.538 Synthr Sloan, Alfred P., 79 Spring surface stiffness, 457 Stratified charge, 163, 163{ Syster Small car segment, IO{ Springing, 450--461. 451/; 455f Strength modeling, 589-590 F Smart. 9, 9/: 10(, 94{ Springs. 446, 450-453, 451J, 452J, Structural optimization, 590-591 (: Smart card systems, 611 453(,456-459.4561, 457{ Structure-borne noise, 591 Smart materials, 329-330 Spyder,300 Strut, 459{ Taillal Smart power, 525 Sqneeze casting, 137, 137/; 323/; 546, Strut suspension, 440, 44~(, 444, 445/; Tailli~ Smart power switch. 265 563,563/ 466,467, 468( Taikm SMC (sheet molding eompound), 306, Squirrel-cage motor, 103 Strut towers, 287 . Tande 3071, 326-327, 551 Stability systems, 257-259, 259/, 261 Strut-type suspension, 448 Tande SMD (Sauter mean diameter), 162 Stabilizer, 451J, 453--454, 458-460 Stud welding, 296 Tange SMG Engineering GmbH, 562 Stabilizer bar, 453 Studio engineer, 81 4 Keyword Index Keyword Index 633

taged combustion, j 95 SIYZO Tape drawing, 84, 84;; 85, 86, 87 Thrust hyperbola, 237, 23~f zaged release, 585 (Strass~nverkdlrS-Zulassungs­ Target catalog, 83, 88, 283. 2R3t 145, Thyristor ignition, 140-14\ tainless steel, 540, 545 Ordnung), 16, 17t-18r, l~f;489, 345/ Tibia Compressive Force Criterion tandardizatjon, 530. 530/, 602 538 Taxis, 7' (TCFC), 369,369/ .tapp,John, 367 Subframe design, 74f TCC (Thorax Compression Criterion). Tibia Index (TI), 369,369/ lappCar Crash Conferences, 367 Subjective evaluation, 482-483, 483( 369, 369J Tie rods, 466, 46?1; 46~/; 471 :tan;h,279 Successor model development, 89, 8'~( TCFC (Tibia Compressive Force Tier 2 standards (U.S.), 205, 205f tarter, 153 Sugar, 279 Criterion, 369, 369( Tie-rod-actuated brake boosters.au? tarter battery, 523 Sulfur, 144, 16.>-166, 198, 198j, 199, TeU (transmission control unit), Tin, 557 tarter/generator units, 170 /99f, 202, 202/ 242-244, 243[ Tire aspect ratios, 424--425 tatic compression, 450 Sulfur dioxide (S02)' (83, 198, 19~/; Technology advancements, 9-16, Tire earcass, 425, 425f .tatic toe-in, 38 199,206,206/ 27-31, 28f. 30/ Tire chains, 21 aationary traffic. 4 Sulzer brothers, 175/, 176t Teflon, 408 Tire noise, 75, 76, 436 tatistical energy analysis (SEA), 59 L Summer tire, 432( Telematics,28, 247, 347, 352,610, Tire normal force, 394, 394( zatorwinding, 104 Sun gear, 231-232 613 Tire/road noise, 4261, 427, 428/ ready-stare cornering, 486, 487/ Sunbeam vcncziu, 293 Telephony, 349-351, 350/ Tire-roadway force transfer, 429-431 reel, 293, 299, 314, 314f, 316/317, Sunroof, 46, 289, 289f Temper. 546, 546j, 547, 547t, 5481 Tires. 39, 424--436 319/:403, 539,541. 541f, Supercepacirors, 116, llt?( Temperature, 56, 57/. 354-355, 430t construerion, 424--425, 425{ 542-';45,564 Supercharging, 171-173, 195, Tempered safety glass, 554-555 evaluation criteria, 427( . teel foam, 328f 207-215 Ten-eylinder engines, 126 mileage, 426[. 426t . teer angles, 437 Supetleggera,293 Tensile strength, 317, 543, 544(, 545, models, 434-435 teer-by-wire, 391, 476, 478/; Superposition steering, 476-477,477( 546, 5461; 547, 547/; 548, regulations. 429 478-480,525 . Supplemental brake system, 395 Terminal velocity. 2 16 simulation, 434{ eeering, 38, 39a-391 Suppliers, 578, 582 Test conditions, 597, 598( standardization, 429 teering angle, 39a-39 L 444, 445, Surface corrosion, 330 Test dummy, 36~j; 370, j70/3711 Titanium, 314, 314/; 3I6/; 317 %3.•64. 464f, 465f. 467, Surface gap spark plug, 142, l4~1 380,381/; 601 Titanium alloys, S4W; 549-550, 5501 468-469 Surface protection, 33U-338 TeSL locutions, 599, 600( Titanium phosphate, 334 teenng angle map, 480f Suspension, 286--287, 389-499 Test maneuvers, 485 . TMC (traffic message channel), 349, ISteering angle sensors, 260-261, kinematics, 437-439 Testing technology, 595-603, 59~(, 351,532 262/ layout. 451.1; 452 5971; 598[ Toe angle, 437, 443 teering assist, 472-475 materials, 541 TEVES, 401/, 402, 413, 414, 416/ Toe Changes, 391 Steering axis. See Kingpin axis Suspension upright, 445 Textiles. 553, 553/, 5541 . Toe-in, 437, 443.443j, 444, 445j, 484f Steering box, 466--467, 47Q--472 Sustainable development, 606 Thermal comfon, 353-355, 355/ Toe-out, 437, 443, 444 Steering gear, 466-467 Sustainable mobility, 6, 607/; 609 Thermal efficiency, 124, 12~( . Tolerance, 290 Steering impulse test, 486 SUVs (sport utility vehicles), 97-98 Thermal losses, 273 Top feed injectors, 139, 13~{ Steering kinematics, 439, 462-470 Swashplate compressor, 55-56 Thermodynamics, 123, 178-179, 1791 Topology optimization, 590-591 Steering knuckle, 445 Sway bar, 453 Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), 553 Toroidal transmissions, 238-239 Steering linkage, 466-467, 467f Sweden, 370 Thermoplastics, 305-306, 324-325, Torque. 126, 135, 14q/; \64, 16·Y;219, Steering ratio, 38, 469, 474 ' SWIFT (System for Wireless 325f. 327, 551-553, 5S1/; 5521; 220/; 221, 230 Steering shaft, 469 Infotainment Forwarding and 5521 . . Torque bias ratio, 251 Steering system, 68--69, 69, Teledtstribuuon), 349 Thermosetting plastics, 324-325 Torque control. 105. 518!' 461-782 Swirl, 180, 193 Thermostat, 51, 150 Torque converter, 223}, 223-226, Steering wheel angle, 38, 48~/ Swirl chamber diesel engine, 174, Thin-gauge steel, 317, 319, 542-545 224/; 229, 238 Steering wheel angle sensor, 413 174j; 188. 192. 195, 1961 Thixocasting, 322, 32~/; 563-564, Torque converter pressure, 245f Steering wheel moment, 38 Swirl charge motion, 156, 158, J61 564/ Torque curve, 102/. 119 Steering wheel movement, 369 Swirl combustion system, 157, 157/; Thomson, Robert William, 424 Torque distribution, 250 Step steer, 487, 488 158 Thoracie Trauma Index (TTII. 369, Torque hump phenomenon, 252 Stiction,448 Swirl port, 179-180, 18W 370/ Torque-sensing locking differential. Stiffness, 316f Swirl pot, 494 Thorax Compression Criterion (TCC), 25] Stiffness simulation. 589 Switched reluctance motors, 103, 104, 369,369{ Torscn differential. 251, 25 If Stirling engines, 117f; 117-11 R, 118f 105, lOSt Three-cylinder engines, 126,128, Torsion damper, 221, 22lJ; 223f Storage chips, 532 Switches, 265 BUt. 132I Torsional stiffness, 290 292,291/; Straight-line motion. 484--486 Switzerland, 366/; 502 Three-dimensional combustion 301 . Strain limits, 317 Synchromesh systems, 226, 227f models, 200 Total quality management (TQM), Strassenverkehnl-lulassungs--0rdnu Synchronous motors, 103 Three-dimensional computational 603--604 ng(S'VZO), 16, 17/-18/, 18/; Synerject LLC, 163 model, 188, 189( Tourism, 3 489.538 ' Synthesis gas, 278 Three-dimensional modeling, 84-85, Towing. 27, 33 Stratified charge, Hi], 16~f System for Wireless Infotainment 85-86,95 Towing eye, 286 Strength modeling, 589-590 Forwarding and Teledistribution Three-liter car, 205[, 206, 2~(, 541 Toyota. 108, 157, 458 Structural optimization, 590-591 (SWIFT), 349 Three-point belts, 375, 376, 377/; Aristo,481 Structure-borne noise, 591 377-378, 378[ Prius, 115[, 116 Strut, 459f Taillamps, 509 Throttle, J64,210,258 Soarer, 4591 Strut suspension, 440, 443[, 444, 445j, Taillight openings, 288 Throttle body injection, 139 Toyota RBC"" coupling, 25~f; 254 466, 467, 468[ Tailored blanks, 28, 306. 308/, 558 Throttle losses, 167 TPE (thermoplastic elastomers), 553 Strut towers, 287 Tandem brake boosters, 407, 407( Throttle-free load control, 166-168 TQM (total quality management), Strut-type suspension, 448 Tandem master cylinder, 404-40'5 Throttling, 154-155, 166, 177, 603--604 Stud welding. 296 Tangential force, 40(, 391-392. 398, 214--215 Track,38 Studio engineer, 81 431,433/ . Throwout bearing, 22Qf Traction, 246, 42~/; 426t. 43~f 634 Keyword Index Keywoi

Traction batteries, 102, 105-107 Tubular cam shaft, 138 V engines, 126-127, 127/, 131/ ventilat Traction behavior, 429--432, 430t, Tumble charge motion. 156-157, Vacuum brake boosters, 405--407, 406/ Ventilat 431[. 432J 157f 161, 161J Vacuum die casting, 323f, 564 Vents, 3 Traction coefficient, 29, 409 Tunnel reinforcement, 286, 286/ Vacuum power brake boosters, Venturi Traction control, 256--263 Turbine efficiency, 208 405-407,406J verband Traction diagram, 249, 249f Turbine equation, 223 Vacuum pump, 407 (VI Traction force radius, 464--465 Turbocharged engines, 96 Vacuum solenoids, 361 Verein I Tractive force, 35, 361,392J, 409--410 Turbocharger, 195,208-209, 214--215 Valve actuanon, 168-171, 168j, 169J, 6{)~ Tractive power, 35, 36/ Tum, 443 170[.I7lJ Veremig Tractors, 33 Tum signal lamps, 508--509 Valve deactivation, 161 Vertical Traffic, I}: 2, 605--611 Twelve-cylinder engines, 126, 128, Valve lash, 1]J Vertical information.Ta 1311. 132J Valve lift, 133, 167[, 167-168, 169 VerticlII problems, 5, Sf, 9 TWI (tread wear indicators), 429 Valve materials, 138 Vertical technology, 609--6l 0, 61 Of Twist beam suspension, 449f, 449-450 Valve recession. 133 Vertical Traffic fatalities, lO/. 365, 366J, 389J Two-cylinder engines. 126, 132/ Valve timing, 160, 166-171, 1671 Vibe's L Traffic management, 6, 609, 6101, 611, Two-dimensional modeling, 95 Valve train, 61---62,131, 132j, 133, Vibratto. 611J Two-dimensional templates. 338-340 134f 119 Traffic message channel (TMC), 349, Two-headlamp system, 502 Valve-covered nrificc (VeO) nozzle, suspe 351,532 Two-speed automatic transmission, 188 458 Trailers, 19[. 27, 33 230J VAN (vehicle area network), 517 Vibrauc Trailing arm suspension, 447 Two-stroke engine, 269-275, 270/. Van Doome"s Transmissions (VDT), vibrauoi Trailing arms, 446 rtu: nu. 273f 274/ 239 Vibratior Transfer case, 218 Type 1emissions test, 23, 2~/; 241, Vans, 44J, 95, 98j, 98/ Vibratic Transformation-induced plasticity 25 Vapor cooling systems, 15 ( Vibratior (TRlP),543-544,544f Type II emissions test, 23 Vapor emissions, 10 Vibranor Transistorized ignition, 140 Type III emissions test, 23 Variable compression ratio, 172-173, Vibratia Transmission, 12-13, 116-117, Type IV emissions test, 23-25 vru. 173J Vibratior 215-248 Type V emissions lest, 23, 25 Variable damping systems, 458 Vibratio. noise, 61--63, 69/ Type VI emissions test, 23, 25 Variable turbine geometry (VTG), Virtual Ii types, 21St 195f 210, 212J Virtual p wiring, 245 ULSAB.550 Variable valve lift, 167-l68 Virtual p Transmission angle, 468 Ultimate strain, 317 Variable valve timing, 166-171, 167f Virtual p Transmission control unit (TCU), Ultrasonic welding, 492 VC (Viscous Criterion), 369, 369J, Virtual r, 242-244, 243J Ultraviolet (UV), 335, 510 370J Virtual \I Transmission mounts, 62, 73-75 Underbody, 96-97,971, 284, VCO (valve-covered orifice) nozzle, Visrolok Transmission pressure control, 245. 33"-337 188 viscoma 246 Underbody cover, 97 VDA (Verband der Viscous Transmission ratio range, 216 Undercoating, 336-337, 337/ Automobilindustrie), 139.571 Viscous I Transmitted torque, 219, 221 Underfloor engine. 94, 94[ VDA test, 488 Visual ai Transom, 287. 287/ Underpressure, 45, 46/ VDl (Vercin Deutscher lngenieure), Visual 0' Transport protection, 331,337, 337/ Understeer, 418 605 Visual n Transportation mileage, 3, 3/ Undriven axles, 447 VDT push belt, 239, 2391, 242 Voice rei Transportation systems, 2, 2[, 4{, 5/ Unit injector, 189-191, 190/ VE pump, 185-187, 186/ Volkswa Transverse dynamics, 3901, 390-391, United Nations Conference on Vehicle area network (VAN). 517 m 483-488,484f Environment and Development Vehicle categories. 19f, 33-34 Beetle Transverse engine, 217 (1992), 606 Vehiele classes, 97-98, 98/, 98/ G-La( Transverse flux motors, 103-104, 105. United Nations Economic Vehicle concept, 88-101 21; 105t Commission for Europe (ECE). Vehicle concept process, 89f, 89-90 Golf, Transverse force, 38,431 I7t-181, 19-27,489,501,504, Vehicle concepts, 6J, 6-7, 7/ Golf' Transverse front drive, 237 505,507,508 Vehicle control points, 575-576, 576/ Golfl Transverse mounting, 91, 92f 94{, United States. 366f, 502, 504, 505, Vehicle dimensions, 27, 90, 90f 9lj; Lupo, 153f 237, 237J 507,508,539 97-98,981,2841:284-285 Lupc Transverse suspension forces, impact protection criteria, 368-369, Vehicle dynamic handling controls, Polo: 390-391 369f 370J 393J Shara Transverse tractive forces, 410. 411 regulations, 9--10 Vehicle dynamics, 390--393, 393/ Three Travel information, 14 United States National Highway Vehicle dynamics sensor, 262/ Tread. 425, 425/ Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle identification number, 26 Tread wear indicators (TWl), 429 (NHTSA),362 Vehicle kilometers, 2 Trend research, 81 Universal joints, 218 vehicle package. See Package Trim design, 82 Unregulated exhaust components, 185 Vehicle platform, 100 TRIP (transformation-induced Upper range class, 98f, 98t Vehicle sensitive retractor, 375 plasticity), 543-544, 544{ Upshift, 230, 230f 236, 246, 246J vehicle stability systems, 257-259, Truck/car collisions, 382 Uptime, 582 259J Trucb,33 Urban vehicle concepts. 7 Vehicle support systems. 12/ Trunk volume, 98f, 98t Urea, 165, 199 Vehicle variants, 100, 100/ TTl (Thoracic Trauma Index). 369, US-SID (U.S. side impact dummy), Velocity, 37, 38 370J 370, )70[. 371J Vent port tandem master cylinder, 404. Tube-type sender, 495. 495/ UV (ultraviolet), 335,510 404J Keyword Index 635

Ventilated disc brakes, 400 Volkswagen TDI engine, 1811, 194f Wneel wells, 287,288 Ventilation, 45, 355-357, 3561, 358/ Voltage, 521,522-525,5231, 525f Wheelbase. 38 Vents, 357, 358/ Volumetric efficiency, 133 Wheels, 39, 284, 446 Venturi pump, 494, 494[ Volvo, 370, 496, 497/ Wilson gear trains, 231, 232 Verband der Automobilindustne VR engines, 127[ 128 Wind angle, 40/ (VDA), 139,571 VTG (variable turbine geometry), Wind noise, 45-47, 69-71, 284 Verein Deutscher Ingerueure(VOl), 1951.210, 212} Wind runnels. 40, 599 605 42-V/14-V electrical system, Windows. 45, 46, 70, 2891, 302, Vereinigte ZiindholzfabrikenAG, 1751 524-527, 525} 554-555 Vertical dynamics, 390t, 392-393 V-VR engines, 12':Y; 128 Windshield. 2891, 555 Vertical dynamics systems, 456-460 Winter tire. 432/ Vertical force. 38 Wengines, 126, 127/ Wiper blades, 44 vertical motion, 452/ Wall-guided combustion systems. Wipers, 46 Vertical wheel motion, 437-439 155,156-158, 157J; 159J, Wiring. 5151, 515-516 Vibe's Law, 593 159-160 Wohler curve, 323j, 546J, 547j; 590 Vibration, 11. 59}; 601, 61--{i1. 65--{i8, Warm-up, 246 Wood, 539 119,218-219,221,40 I, 441-442 Warning light, 149,343 Work hardening, 317. 3 19J, 321/ suspension, 452j; 453, 454j; 456, Water flows. 44 Work lamps, 508 458 Water pump, 53, 63.151 World War II, 9 vibration amplitude, 218-219, 301 Water separator, 356 Vibration comfort, 73-75 Water-side temperature control, Xenon headlamps, 28, 501 Vibration damper, 301-302, 302/ 356 Xenon lights, 505. 506--507, 507/ vibration damping, 221j; 221-222 Wax coatings, 332 Vibration equations, 452j; 454{ Wax sealing, 336 Yaw acceleration, 38 Vibration frequency, 65--{i7, 66/ Wayne State University Concussion Yaw angle, 37 Vibration seats, 340 Tolerance Curve, 368 Yaw damping. 391. 486 Vibration simulation, 591 Wear protection, 555-556 Yaw moment control (GMR), 418 Vibration welding. 492 Weave test, 485 Yaw mte change, 486, 487, 487/ Virtual laboratory, 10I Webbing clamping devices, 375 Yaw rate error. 485 Virtual product clinics, 101 Webbing grabbers, 375 Yaw rate sensor, 260, 413, 413/ Virtual product development, 101 Webbing sensitive retractor, 375 Yaw velocity, 38 Virtual prototypes, 30, 598/ Weight. 27. 204f, 205, 292-293, 293j; Virtual reality, 30 297, 305, 306, 309, 309} Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (ZF). Virtual wind tunnel, 593 Weight reduction, 613--{i14 112 Visco10k coupling, 252, 254 Weight transfer, 391 Zeldovich mechanism, 201 Viscomatic'" coupling, 254 weissach rear suspension. 448 Zener diodes, 523 Viscous couplings, 251-252, 252/ Welded plates, 306, 308/ Zeolites, 198, 198/ Viscous Criterion (VC), 369. 369j; 370/ Welding, 290, 295-296, 305, 3081. Zero emissions vehicles (ZEVs), Visual aiming. 504 309, 312J; 313J, 317, 320, 320J; 102 Visual obstructions, 342/ 491,492, 492J; 558-559 Zero-dimensional combustionmodels, Visual range, 50 I Wet traction, 430t 200 Voice recognition, 28, 353 wetting. 43-44, 284 ZF (Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen) Volkswagen (VW). 121, 79, 80, 80j; Weymann body, 540t Bcorronic transmission, 239j; 240}; 176t, 189, 191, 376j; 540t Wheel brakes, 398-404 242 Beetle, 93, 547 Wheel bump travel, 437 HAG 210, 218J; 473 G-Ladcr engine, 209, 21 OJ; Wheelcanrier,445 Type S 5-39 transmission. 228, 229/ 212-213,214 Wheel design, 81-82 VTl transmission, 242/ Golf, 921. 292, 293} Wheel dynamics, 409-411 ZF~4 HP 20 transmission, 237, 237/ Golf 4, 98t. 449/ Wheel load lever arm, 464, 464/ ZF-5 HP 19 transmission. 23 Ij; 237, Golf Cabriolet, 3o