A Naturalist's Voyage Around the World
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The First Geological Map of Patagonia
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 64 (1): 55 - 59 (2009) 55 THE FIRST GEOLOGICAL MAP OF PATAGONIA Eduardo O. ZAPPETTINI and José MENDÍA Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) - Av. Julio A. Roca 651 (1322) Buenos Aires Emails: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT This contribution analyses the first geological map of Patagonia drawn by Darwin around 1840, and colour-painted by Darwin himself. It had remained unpublished and only a small version in black and white had been printed before. The different units mapped by Darwin are analysed from a modern perspective, and his ability to show a synthesis of the complex geological structure of Patagonia is stressed. Keywords: Geological map, Patagonia, Patagonian Shingle, Darwin geologist. RESUMEN: El primer mapa geológico de la Patagonia. La presente contribución analiza el primer mapa geológico de la Patagonia reali- zado por Darwin cerca de 1840, pintado en colores por el mismo Darwin, que ha permanecido inédito y del que sólo se cono- cía una versión de tamaño reducido en blanco y negro. Se analizan las diferentes unidades mapeadas por Darwin desde una perspectiva actual, destacándose su habilidad para mostrar en esa síntesis la compleja estructura de la Patagonia. Palabras clave: Mapa geológico, Patagonia, Rodados Patagónicos, Darwin geólogo. DARWIN AND THE VOYAGE OF HMS BEAGLE At the time Charles Darwin set sail on board HMS Beagle on a journey that was to last two years and ended up lasting five, he was not more than an amateur naturalist that had quitted his medical courses and after that abandoned his in- tention of applying for a position in the Church of England, just to embrace the study of natural history. -
1 Charles Darwin's Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, Edited and Introduced by Gordon Chancellor and John
Charles Darwin’s Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, edited and introduced by Gordon Chancellor and John van Wythe. xxxiii + 615 pp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2009. $ 150 (cloth). Until now, it has not been possible to read in book form the immediate notes that Darwin himself had written during his 1832-1836 voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. Darwin’s Beagle records comprised five different kinds: field notebooks, personal diary, geological and zoological diaries, and specimen catalogues. Unlike the many other documents that Darwin created during the voyage, the field notebooks are not confined to any one subject. They contain notes and observations on geology, zoology, botany, ecology, weather notes, barometer and thermometer readings, ethnography, archaeology, and linguistics as well as maps, drawings, financial records, shopping lists, reading notes, and personal entries. The editors described the notebooks as the most difficult and complex of all of Darwin’s manuscripts. They were for the most part written in pencil which was often faint or smeared. They were generally not written while sitting at a desk but held in one hand, on mule or horseback or on the deck of the Beagle. Furthermore the lines were very short and much was not written in complete sentences. Added to this, they were full of Darwin’s chaotic spelling of foreign names so the handwriting was sometimes very difficult to decipher. Alternative readings were often possible. Darwin did not number the pages of the notebooks, and often wrote in them at different times from opposite ends. Most of the notebook space was devoted to geological descriptions and drawings, a reflection of Darwin’s interest in the works of Charles Lyell and his previous fieldwork with Adam Sedgwick. -
Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: a Selected Bibliography
Library and Information Services Division Current References 2009-1 The Year of Darwin 2009 Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library: Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: A Selected Bibliography Prepared by Anna Fiolek and Kathleen A. Kelly U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanographic Data Center NOAA Central Library October 2009 http://www.lib.noaa.gov/researchtools/subjectguides/darwinbib.pdf Contents: Preface …………………………………………………………………. p. 3 Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………. p. 4 I. Darwin Chronology ………………………………………………….. p. 5-6 II. Monographic Publications By or About Charles Darwin ………... p. 7-13 in the NOAA Central Library Network Catalog (NOAALINC) III. Internet Resources Related to Charles Darwin ……. ……………. p. 14-17 And His Science (Including online images and videos) IV. Darwin Science-related Journals in the NOAA Libraries’………. p. 17-18 Network 2 Preface This Bibliography has been prepared to support NOAA Central Library (NCL) outreach activities during the Year of Darwin 2009, including a “Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library” Exhibit. The Year of Darwin 2009 has been observed worldwide by libraries, museums, academic institutions and scientific publishers, to honor the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth. This Bibliography reflects the library’s unique print and online resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands. It includes citations organized “by title” from NOAALINC, the library’s online catalog, and from the library’s historical collections. The data and listings are comprehensive from the 19th century to the present. The formats represented in this resource include printed monographs, serial publications, graphical materials, videos, online full-text documents, a related journal list, and Web resources. -
Tierra Del Fuego
THE DJ\RWL RA lGE: TJEltHA DEL FUEGO 259 R GE: 'I~IERR DEL I~ EGO BY J~RI HIP'l'O~. liE ordillera Dar\\riu occupies most of a large peninsula running \\1eSt\vard for more than a hundred miles from 'fierra del I~ uego. 'I'he area covered by the range \vould easily accommodate the " 'hole of the . lont Blanc and Pennine ranges of the .. lps, and most of the Bernese Oberland as \\'ell, \vhile the extent of its glaciers must be far greater than those of the entire Alpine chain. 1\Ioreover, though the highest peaks are only some 8,soo ft. high, they rise straight from sea level, so that from the climber's point of vie\\r the mountains are equivalent in size to most of their Alpine rivals. \"et, until \VC \vent there this year, almost the \Vhole of this great range, 'vith its scores of splendid peaks, \vas untrodden ground. 'rhat redoubtable mountain explorer, Father Alberto de Agostini, had landed at several points along the northern coast and had climbed t\vo peaks ('I talia' and 'Francis ')above the Beagle hannel on its southern side; but no one had penetrated to the interior: an alluring prospect for any mountaineer prepared to accept rough conditions. For, like the Andes of 'outhern Patagonia, the range has an evil reputation for \veather. It is lashed by the same \\'esterly gales that rage around "ape Horn; savage storms that bring long spells of fog and rain and sno\v. \~ hen I decided to go there early this year I \\·as well a\\rare that \\re might spend the \vhole of our allotted time immobilised by foul \\'eather, achieving nothing. -
Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle
Charles Darwin And the Voyage of the Beagle Darwin interior proof.indd 1 10/8/19 12:19 PM To Ernie —R. A. Published by PEACHTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 1700 Chattahoochee Avenue Atlanta, Georgia 30318-2112 www.peachtree-online.com Text © 2009 by Ruth Ashby Charles Darwin First trade paperback edition published in 2020 And the Voyage of the Beagle All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the pub- lisher. Book design and composition by Adela Pons Printed in October 2019 in the United States of America by RR Donnelley & Sons in Harrisonburg, Ruth Ashby Virginia 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 (hardcover) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (trade paperback) HC ISBN: 978-1-56145-478-5 PB ISBN: 978-1-68263-127-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashby, Ruth. Young Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle / written by Ruth Ashby.—1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 13: 978-1-56145-478-5 / ISBN 10: 1-56145-478-8 1. Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882.—Juvenile literature. 2. Beagle Expedition (1831-1836)— Juvenile literature. 3. Naturalist—England—Biography—Juvenile literature. 4. Voyages around the world—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QH31.D2.A797 2009 910.4’1—dc22 2008036747 Darwin interior proof.indd 2-3 10/8/19 12:19 PM The Voyage of the Beagle Approximate Route, 1831–1836 B R I T I S H ISLANDS N WE EUROPE N O R T H S AMERICA ASIA NORTH CANARY ISLANDS ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC CAPE VERDE ISLANDS OCEAN AFRICA INDIAN OCEAN GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS SOUTH To MADAGASCAR Tahiti AMERICA Bahia Lima Rio de Janeiro ST. -
VOYAGE of the BEAGLE (1831-1836 CE) Macquarie University Big History School: Core
READING 5.2.4 VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE (1831-1836 CE) Macquarie University Big History School: Core Lexile® measure: 780L MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY BIG HISTORY SCHOOL: CORE - READING 5.2.4. VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE: 1831-1836 CE - 780L 2 Below are the highlights of the 5-year voyage of the HMS Beagle. On this voyage, Charles Darwin formed his ideas around evolution by natural selection. VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE (1831-1836 CE) By David Baker DECEMBER 27 1831: The HMS Beagle set sail from England on a journey around the world. The ship was under the command of Captain Fitzroy. Also on board was 22- year old Charles Darwin. Darwin is the ship’s naturalist. JANUARY 16 1832: The Beagle made landfall at St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands. The islands are just off the coast of West Africa. Darwin investigated the geology of the volcanic island. Darwin also collected many tropical animals. He was very interested in these creatures. He saw octopi that changed colours. There were also birds, which weren’t afraid of humans. Darwin also saw a layer of seashells in the rocky cliffs of the island. This implied that the Earth was slowly changing over time. New islands were being created and rising out of the sea. FEBRUARY 28 1832: The Beagle reached Brazil. Darwin saw slavery here, which disgusted him. The following year, the British Empire would abolish slavery. Darwin visited the lush forests and islands of Brazil. He collected more fascinating specimens. Darwin stayed for a time in Rio di Janeiro. Here, a deadly illness spread through the Beagle’s crew. -
Excerpts from Charles Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle Adapted with Permission From
Excerpts from Charles Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle Adapted with permission from www.literature.org Preface I have stated in the preface to the first Edition of this work, and in the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, that it was in consequence of a wish expressed by Captain Fitz Roy, of having some scientific person on board, accompanied by an offer from him of giving up part of his own accommodations, that I volunteered my services, which received, through the kindness of the hydrographer, Captain Beaufort, the sanction of the Lords of the Admiralty. As I feel that the opportunities which I enjoyed of studying the Natural History of the different countries we vis- ited, have been wholly due to Captain Fitz Roy, I hope I may here be permitted to repeat my expression of gratitude to him; and to add that, during the five years we were together, I received from him the most cordial friendship and steady assistance. Both to Captain Fitz Roy and to all the Officers of the Beagle.1 I shall ever feel most thankful for the undeviating kind- ness with which I was treated during our long voyage…. Devonport, England: 50°N, 4°W December, 27, 1831 After having been twice driven back by heavy southwestern gales, Her Majesty's ship Beagle, a ten-gun brig, under the command of Captain Fitz Roy, R.N., sailed from Devonport on the 27th of December, 1831. The object of the expedition was to complete the survey of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, commenced under Captain King in 1826 to 1830 -- to survey the shores of Chile, Peru, and of some islands in the Pacific -- and to carry a chain of chronometrical meas- urements round the World. -
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was born the fifth of six children into a wealthy Shropshire gentry family in the small market town of Shrewsbury. His father Robert Waring Darwin (1766-1848) was a successful physician and fincancier and son of the famous poet Erasmus Darwin. Charles Darwin's mother, Susannah Wedgwood (1765-1817), died when he was eight years old. Darwin, watched over by his elder sisters and maidservants, grew up amidst wealth, comfort and country sports. He attended the nearby Shrewsbury School as a boarder from 1818-1825. 1 In October 1825, Darwin went to Edinburgh University with his brother Erasmus to study medicine with a view to becoming a physician. While in Edinburgh, Darwin investigated marine invertebrates with the guidance of Robert Grant. Darwin did not like the study of medicine and could not bear the sight of blood or suffering, so his father proposed the church as a respectable alternative. On 15 October 1827, Charles Darwin was admitted a member of Christ's College, Cambridge. Darwin was never a model student, but he did become a passionate amateur naturalist. He became the devoted follower of Professor of botany John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861). Darwin passed his B.A. examination in January 1831. Henslow passed on to Darwin the offer of Commander Robert FitzRoy of travelling on a survey ship, HMS Beagle, as a "scientific person" or naturalist. The round- the-world journey lasted five years. Darwin spent most of these years investigating the geology and zoology of the lands he visited, especially South America, the Galapagos islands, and Pacific oceanic islands. -
Darwin. a Reader's Guide
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 155 February 12, 2009 DARWIN A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin DARWIN: A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin California Academy of Sciences California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California, USA 2009 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Alan E. Leviton, Ph.D., Editor Hallie Brignall, M.A., Managing Editor Gary C. Williams, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michael T. Ghiselin, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michele L. Aldrich, Ph.D., Consulting Editor Copyright © 2009 by the California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 0068-5461 Printed in the United States of America Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 Table of Contents Preface and acknowledgments . .5 Introduction . .7 Darwin’s Life and Works . .9 Journal of Researches (1839) . .11 Geological Observations on South America (1846) . .13 The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842) . .14 Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands…. (1844) . .14 A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, With Figures of All the Species…. (1852-1855) . .15 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) . .16 On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing (1863) . .23 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (1877) . -
Charles Darwin: a Voyage of Discovery Booklet
A message from Peter Garrett his year, the world celebrates the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of his work, On the Origin of Species. TAustralia is also commemorating the fi ve-year, round-the-world voyage that brought a youthful Darwin to Australia and saw him discover an abundance of new species. e Australian Biological Resources Study and the Australian Science Teachers Association have made an outstanding contribution to this anniversary year by producing this resource book on Darwin’s experiences in Australia. ere is much still to be discovered about Australia’s plants and animals and I encourage teachers to use this book to inspire the next generation of species discoverers. Peter Garrett Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts March 2009 A The author would like to thank the following people Author: Judy Attwood and organizations for their help with the research for Editor: A Jarrott and reviewing of this book: Designer: B Kuchlmayr • Science Teachers’ Association of Queensland (STAQ) Printer: Blue Star Print and Ms Sue Monteath, STAQ President Publisher: Australian Biological Resources Study • Education panel members © Commonwealth of Australia 2009. • David Fittell © Australia Science Teachers Association Inc. 2009. • Di Nichols This work is copyright. You may download, display, • Susan Peaty print and reproduce this material in unaltered form • Members of the scientifi c community who agreed to only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non- being quoted and/or provided advice commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart • Ms Ailsa Holland, Queensland Herbarium from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act Brisbane, Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Qld 1968, all other rights are reserved. -
Introducing Students to Darwin Via the Voyage of HMS Beagle
ARTICLE Introducing Students to Darwin via the Voyage of HMS Beagle JANICE C. SWAB Image: © Picturelab… | Dreamstime.com ABSTR A CT Even as a young man, Darwin was one of the most acute observers I use the diary that Darwin wrote during the voyage of HMS Beagle and recent images and interpreters of nature who ever lived. The Diary affords glimpses of of a few of the places he visited to illustrate some comparisons between Darwin’s world this young man at work in a largely unknown world, depending only and ours. For today’s students, increasingly committed to environmental issues, this may on his powers of observation and discernment to answer his persistent be an especially promising way to introduce Darwin. questions about the world around him. He observed relationships in nature and surmised much that he was unable to see firsthand on a few Key Words: Charles Darwin; voyage of HMS Beagle; teaching about evolution. brief stopovers. Darwin’s writings are filled with expressions of excite- ment about the natural world that students rarely see in current writings. Beginning biology students usually think of Charles Darwin (if they think of Placing themselves in this historical period takes some doing, but stu- him at all) as an old man with a beard, a large nose, and an extended brow dents can and will do so if they are led by a skillful guide – an interested who introduced an idea that somehow endangers their religious beliefs with teacher. Perhaps students will be enticed to dip into some of Darwin’s an atheistic view of nature and, especially, of humans. -
Darwin's Voyage of Discovery
CASE STUDY Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery harles Darwin was only 22 years old when he set out Darwin didn’t immediately in 1831 on his epic five-year, around-the-world voy- understand the significance of C age aboard the H.M.S. Beagle ( fig. 3.1 ). It was to be the these observations. Upon return- adventure of a lifetime, and would lead to insights that would ing to England, he began the revolutionize the field of biology. Initially an indifferent student, long process of cataloging and Darwin had found inspiring professors in his last years of college. describing the specimens he had One of them helped him get a position as an unpaid naturalist on collected. Over the next 40 years, board the Beagle. Darwin turned out to be a perceptive observer, he wrote important books on a vari-i- an avid collector of specimens, and an extraordinary scientist. ety of topics including the formationon of As the Beagle sailed slowly along the coast of South America, oceanic islands from coral reefs, thee geology mapping coastlines and navigational routes, Darwin had time to go of South America, and the classificationation and natural nat ral ashore on long field trips to explore natural history. The tropical forests history of barnacles. Throughout this time, he puzzled about how of Brazil and the fossils of huge, extinct mammals in Patagonia amazed organisms might adapt to specific environmental situations. him. He puzzled over the fact that many fossils looked similar, but not A key in his understanding was Thomas Malthus’s Essay on the quite identical, to contemporary animals.