Russian Federation
RUSSIAN FEDERATION 596 RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. General Overview Russia is a large country occupying the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. In the north the country is bounded by the Arctic Ocean, Finland being the farthest northwest neighbour. In the west and southwest, the country is surrounded by the new independent states, the former republics of the Soviet Union. In the south and southeast, Russia has a common border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China and North Korea. The eastern border of the country is the Pacific Ocean; here Japan and the Alaska state of the USA are the nearest neighbours. The total area of Russia is about 17,075 thousand km2. The country consists of a large number of administrative units: regions (provinces) and republics. The regions of the country differ widely in territory, natural conditions, the structure and national composition of the population, and economic development. The climate of country is marked by very wide regional variations. A significant part of northeastern Russia falls within the frigid zone, while the Black Sea region has semitropical conditions. Russia is abundant in energy resources of various kinds. The energy sector is a well-developed and important part of the national economy, producing about 10% of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Totally up to 95% of the country's energy consumption is met by fossil fuel. Despite its rich oil, gas and coal potential Russia was one of the first countries to master nuclear energy for peaceful uses. In 1954, the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant was commissioned and connected to the grid.
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